Space Exploration

THANTHAI PERIYAR GOVERNMENT INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
VELLORE-632002
EXPERT TALK ON
SPACE EXPLORATION
06.11.2023
Dr.S.MURUGAVEL, M.Sc.,M.Phil.,Ph.D.,
Professor & Head
Department of Physics
Thanthai Periyar Govt. Institute of Technology
Vellore-632002
1
WHAT IS SPACE EXPLORATTION?
Space exploration is a
term which describes
searching outer space.
Space exploration is
the use of astronomy
and space technology
to explore outer space.
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WHY DO WE EXPLORE THE SPACE?
 Because it is there
 Man has always
aspired to explore the
unexplored, and to
understand what is not
understood
 To find our place in the
universe and the
history of solar system
HISTORY OF SPACE EXPLORATION
 The first rocket that was able
to fly high enough to be
considered in space was the
V-2 missile.
 This was a weapon
developed by German
scientist in the second world
war.
 The technology was used for
rockets in early space
exploration PTLEE- EXPERT TALK-06.11.2023 4
HISTORY OF SPACE EXPLORATION
• In October 1957, the soviet Union
launched the first satellite,
SPUTNIK-1, into the low earth
orbit.. It was the start of Space age.
• In response, the united states launched

its first satellite, EXPLORER-1, on
January 31, 1958. This started the
Space Race.

FIRST LIFE IN SPACE
o Just a few weeks after
the successful launch of
Sputnik 1, the Soviet
union launched another
satellite, SPUTNIK-2.
o Sputnik 2 had a
passenger for its
journey: a dog named
LAIKA.
FIRST HUMAN IN SPACE
On April 12 1961, Russian astronaut YURI
GAGARIN become the first human in space,
orbiting the Earth once.
Gagarin travelled in a
spacecraft named VOSTOK-1

FIRST MAN ON MOON
• In 1969, Neil Armstrong become the 1st
man to walk on moon.
• The space shuttle name was Apollo 11

INDIA’S WORK IN SPACE
* On 19 April 1975, India launched first
satellite Aryabhata
* India launched Aryabhata from Russian

rocket launch using a Kosmos-3M launch
vehicle. PTLEE- EXPERT TALK-06.11.2023 9
INDIA’S FIRST SATELLITE ON MOON
“CHANDRAYAAN-1” was India’s first lunar
Probe launched by ISRO in October 2008

INDIA’S MARS ORBIT MISSION
. The Mars Orbitor Mission also called
Mangalyaan was the India’s biggest success
in space.
. India is the first Asian nation to reach Mars
orbit, and the first nation in the world to do
so in its first attempt.

CHANDRAYAAN - 3
Chandrayaan-3 is successfully inserted into the
lunar orbit. The orbit achieved is 164 km x
18074 km, as intended. August 05, 2023.

DOES SPACE REALLY MATTER?
 In 1990 US spent about 100 billion dollor
on the Apollo moon Programme. This
money could provide
(or)
 A Year of health care for 1,65,000 people
(or)
 Electricity for 8,30,000 homes
(or)
 Build 2200 housing units.
ADVANTAGES OF SPACE EXPLORATION
 Enhanced Communications
 Television Channels, Internet Service
 Connected all Parts of Countries together

• Kidney dialysis and new artificial heart
have been based on technology found in
space shuttle.
• Progammable Heart
Pacemakers were first
developed in the 1970s
using NASA satellite
electrical systems
Pharmaceuticals produced
in space with zero gravity
have purities far higher than
any produced on earth.
There is an element known as Helium 3 that

is found on the moon and could power the
world for atleast 1000 years when we are
able to use it.
CREATION OF STEM JOBS
 NASA employs more than 18,000 people. SpaceX
more than 12,000. And that’s not counting
outside contractors with whom those numbers at
least double.
 A lot of those jobs are positions for engineers,
data analysts, mathematicians, physicists,
astronomers, doctors, biologists, geologists, etc.
 Space exploration is one of the industries that
require the largest percentage of STEM (Science,
Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) jobs.

ASTEROID MISSIONS
Asteroid 16 Psyche has enough gold to give
everyone on earth 93 billion dollor. It has gold
worth $700 quintillion.

ASTEROID MISSIONS
 101955 Bennu (provisional designation 1999 RQ36)is
a carbonaceous asteroid in the Apollo group discovered by
the LINEAR Project on 11 September 1999.
 It is a potentially hazardous object that is
listed on the Sentry Risk Table and has the
highest cumulative rating on the Palermo
Technical Impact Hazard Scale.
 It has a cumulative 1-in-1,750 chance of
impacting Earth between 2178 and 2290
with the greatest risk being on 24
September 2182.
 It is named after Bennu, the
ancient Egyptian mythological bird
associated with the Sun, creation, and
rebirth.
ASTEROID MISSIONS
• To understand formation of solar
system, how water and organic
material came to earth.
• Find the way to reduce the
possibility of future impact with
earth.
• Exploring possibility of mining and
resupply for space missions
COMET
A comet is an icy, small Solar
System body that warms and begins
to release gases when passing close
to the Sun, a process called
outgassing.
Comet Nishimura – that great icy ball
moving through space, which so many
have captured on film – was closest to
Earth on September 12. It was then
closest to the sun (perihelion) on
September 17.
Meanwhile, the comet is also expected
to reappear in our dawn skies toward
the end of 2023.
SPACE TOURISM INDUSTRY
o The biggest dream some of us have is being able to
take a trip to outer space.
o It is the ultimate destination. And because
unfortunately, not many people can become
astronauts, the rest of us will have to wait until the
space tourism industry develops a bit more. It is
still too expensive to go to space.
o In 2021, a trip in one of the first trips offered by
Blue Origin, the space company created by Jeff
Bezos, was auctioned. The winner paid $28 million
for the privilege to be one of the first space
tourists.
L ear ning more about t he human body
 Studying the effects of space travel has helped us
better understand the human body. For example,
Analyzing the effects of zero-gravity on blood
circulation led to many discoveries on how arteries
age and how to prevent some types of heart
failure.
 The experiments and measurements of bone
strength and bone loss in astronauts have helped
doctors better understand osteoporosis and other
bone diseases.
 The medical benefits of space exploration extend
to pretty much every area of the human body.
From muscle physiology to mental health.
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW MEDICAL PROCEDURES
All this knowledge that has been collected has yielded many
developments in medical procedures.
Some Examples of medical advancements that have been created
thanks to space exploration are:
 Heart pumps
 Programmable pacemakers
 Fiber-optic catheters to perform laser angioplasty
 Digital imaging breast biopsy used to detect breast cancer
 Fetus monitoring transmitters
 Cooling suits made to lower a person’s temperature
 Rechargeable hearing aids
 Autonomous drone navigation
 Modern vacuum cleaners
 The lenses used in “Action cameras”
 Water purification technology.
PROTECTING EARTH
• We only have one planet where we can live without
the help of spacesuits. It would be nice to keep it in
good condition until we can figure out a way to find
other habitable planets or terraform others.
• To do that, we need to learn more about the dangers
of space. We know about extinction events like
asteroids, but that’s not the only potential threat to
our survival. Solar flares, radiation, magnetic pole
changes, and greenhouse effects are just some of
the challenges Earth might face at some point.
• Exploring space is the only way we will learn more
about them so we can develop strategies and
technology that could help save us from such events.
TPGIT- SIP-2021-22 - 19.11.2021 25
INCREASE HUMANITY’S ODDS OF SURVIVAL
If we – humanity – don’t become a space-faring
civilization, We will become extinct sooner or later.
o Earth will eventually become uninhabitable and will
probably be devoured by the Sun as it expands
during the later years of its life cycle.
o Space exploration is not a luxury for the richest
nations. It should be a worldwide priority and every
country needs to come together in this effort. It is
simply the only way we can hope to survive as a
species.
o We don’t know if we have millions of years or
hundreds of years before any of these events
happen. So it’s better to get started today.
CONCLUSION
 Space is an inhospitable
environment
 Planetary surfaces aren’t always nice
 Getting to and from space is a
challenge
 Space craft operations require care
and planning
 Aerospace engineering is hard…
…but we continue to dream big and
reach space exploration goals
THANKYOU
PTLEE- EXPERT TALK-06.11.2023

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THANTHAI PERIYAR GOVERNMENT INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

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• In response, the united states launched

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* India launched Aryabhata from Russian

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There is an element known as Helium 3 that

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