American International University –

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Faculty Of Science & Technology
Department Of English

Submitted to : Salma Begom

SALMA BEGOM
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1 Pronoy Rahman
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 02
Theory of
03
Early Life and Relativity Nobel Prize and
Education Later Life

04 05
Political and Legacy and Impact
Social Activism
Introduction ● Albert Einstein (1879–1955),
Nobel laureate, revolutionized
Of physics with relativity theories.
Fleeing Nazi Germany in 1933, he
the Genious warned Roosevelt about nuclear
arms. Einstein's work spanned
statistical mechanics, quantum
theory, and particle physics. Co-
author of the Russell-Einstein
Manifesto for peace, his legacy
includes foundational
contributions to physics and
advocacy for global harmony.
 Early Life and Education

Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany, in 1879.

He showed an early aptitude for mathematics and
science. After studying at the Polytechnic Institute in
Zurich, he worked as a patent clerk in Bern. This
period was formative for his scientific thinking,
leading to his groundbreaking papers in 1905.
In 1894, Einstein's father's company failed, leading the family to move to
Italy. However, Albert stayed in Munich to complete his studies at the
Luitpold Gymnasium. He intended to pursue electrical engineering, but he
had disagreements with the school authorities and felt stifled by the rote
learning approach. In 1895, he joined his family in Pavia, Italy, after
obtaining a doctor's note to leave the Munich school.

In 1896, Einstein enrolled at the Polytechnic in Zurich to pursue a

mathematics and physics teaching diploma
In 1900, Einstein obtained his teaching diploma from the Zurich
Polytechnic, while Marić failed the examination. There have been claims
that Marić collaborated with Einstein on his famous 1905 papers, but
historians have found no substantial evidence to support this. Einstein's
1905 papers, which included his theory of special relativity, marked a
significant breakthrough in the scientific community
 Theory of Relativity

In 1905, Einstein published his theory of special

relativity, which transformed our understanding of
space and time. He expanded on this with his theory of
general relativity, published in 1915, which explained
gravity as the curvature of spacetime. These theories
laid the foundation for modern physics.
An illustration depicting spacetime curvature
General Relativity: Developed by Einstein between 1907 and 1915, general
relativity extends the principles of special relativity to include gravity. It proposes
that gravity is not a force but rather a curvature of spacetime caused by mass and
energy. Objects with mass, such as planets and stars, distort the fabric of spacetime,
causing other objects to follow curved paths. General relativity predicts phenomena
such as gravitational time dilation, gravitational lensing, and the gravitational
waves detected in 2015.
Special Relativity: Introduced in 1905, special relativity
transformed the understanding of space and time. It
posits that the laws of physics are the same for all
observers in uniform motion and that the speed of light
in a vacuum is constant and independent of the motion
of its source or the observer's frame of reference. Key
concepts include time dilation (time moving slower for
objects in motion relative to a stationary observer) and
length contraction (objects appearing shorter when
moving at relativistic speeds). The famous equation
E=mc², demonstrating the equivalence of mass and
energy, also arises from special relativity.
 Nobel Prize and Later Life

Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in

1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
Despite his later efforts, he did not achieve the same
level of success in developing a unified field theory.
However, his work continued to have a profound
impact on the field of physics.
A picture of Einstein receiving the Nobel Prize
 Nobel Prize and Later Life

Albert Einstein's later life, post-Nobel prize in 1921, epitomized a blend of

scientific inquiry, social activism, and philosophical contemplation. While his
groundbreaking work in physics continued, particularly in his pursuit of a unified
field theory, Einstein's influence extended beyond academia. He emerged as a
vocal advocate for peace, human rights, and international cooperation,
denouncing fascism and championing the cause of refugees. His moral courage
and unwavering commitment to justice earned him global admiration.
A picture of Einstein receiving the Nobel Prize
In his later years, Einstein delved into existential questions, exploring the
nature of time, space, and consciousness. His philosophical reflections
revealed a sense of humility and wonder, acknowledging the vast mysteries of
the universe. Despite his intellectual stature, Einstein remained humble,
recognizing the limits of human understanding. His legacy endures not only in
his scientific achievements but also in his profound impact on society,
inspiring generations to pursue both knowledge and compassion.
In summary, Albert Einstein's Nobel Prize win was a significant milestone in
his illustrious career, but his later life was characterized by a multifaceted
legacy that extended far beyond the realm of theoretical physics. His advocacy
for peace, justice, and human rights, coupled with his relentless pursuit of
knowledge, solidified his status as one of the most revered figures in modern
history.
 Political and Social Activism

Einstein was a passionate advocate for pacifism,

civil rights, and nuclear disarmament. He spoke
out against fascism and totalitarianism, using his
platform to promote peace and justice. His
activism often put him at odds with political
authorities but solidified his reputation as a
humanitarian and intellectual.
A picture of Einstein with other activists
Albert Einstein's political activism, driven by a commitment to peace and
justice, led him to advocate for disarmament, international cooperation, and
human rights. He boldly denounced fascism, particularly Nazi Germany, and
championed the cause of marginalized groups, including Jewish people.
Einstein's moral courage and influence as a renowned scientist amplified his
calls for social change, leaving a lasting legacy of activism and inspiring
others to stand up against oppression and inequality.
Albert Einstein's social activism was fueled by a profound sense of justice
and compassion. Beyond his scientific achievements, he dedicated himself
to advocating for peace , human rights , and social equality . Einstein
vehemently opposed militarism and nationalism , advocating for
disarmament and international cooperation to prevent future conflicts. He
was an outspoken critic of fascism and totalitarianism, using his platform
to denounce oppressive regimes and stand up for marginalized
communities, including Jewish people. Einstein's moral courage inspired
others to join him in the fight against injustice, leaving a lasting impact on
the world. His legacy serves as a reminder of the importance of using one's
influence for the betterment of society and the pursuit of a more just and
equitable world.
● Additionally, Einstein championed international cooperation and unity. He
believed in the importance of global collaboration in science and politics
to address pressing issues facing humanity, such as poverty, inequality,
and environmental degradation.
● Einstein's political and social activism extended beyond his scientific
achievements, demonstrating his commitment to using his intellect and
influence to promote peace, justice, and equality on a global scale. His
legacy serves as an inspiration for future generations to engage actively in
shaping a more just and harmonious world.
 Legacy and Impact

Albert Einstein's legacy is vast and enduring. His

theories revolutionized physics, fundamentally
altering our understanding of the universe. The
equation E=mc^2, describing the equivalence of
mass and energy, is perhaps his most famous
contribution. His work continues to inspire
scientists and thinkers worldwide, shaping the
A depiction of space exploration course of scientific inquiry and discovery.
Albert Einstein's legacy transcends mere scientific achievements, extending
into realms of culture, philosophy, and human progress. His groundbreaking
theories reshaped our understanding of the universe, laying the groundwork
for modern physics. Einstein's principle of relativity fundamentally altered
perceptions of space, time, and gravity, revolutionizing scientific inquiry. Yet,
his legacy extends beyond academia; he was a vocal advocate for peace,
social justice, and human rights. Einstein's moral convictions and
humanitarian efforts continue to inspire generations to work towards a more
equitable and compassionate world. His iconic equation, E=mc 2,
encapsulates not only the equivalence of mass and energy but also symbolizes
the power of human intellect to unveil the mysteries of nature. Einstein's
legacy serves as a reminder of the potential for individuals to transcend
boundaries and effect positive change, urging us to pursue knowledge,
empathy, and understanding in the pursuit of a better future for humanity.
Einstein's impact on science, society, and culture is immeasurable, shaping the course
of human history in profound ways. Scientifically, his theories of relativity
revolutionized our understanding of the fundamental workings of the universe.
Special relativity, with its groundbreaking concept of space-time and the famous
equation E=mc2, laid the groundwork for modern physics, fundamentally altering the
way we perceive space, time, and energy. General relativity extended these insights to
include gravity, providing a new framework for understanding celestial mechanics,
black holes, and the curvature of spacetime.
Moreover, Einstein's contributions to quantum mechanics, particularly his work on
the photoelectric effect, were pivotal in the development of modern physics. His
skepticism toward certain aspects of quantum theory, famously expressed in his
statement "God does not play dice," spurred ongoing debates and investigations into
the nature of quantum reality.
Beyond science, Einstein's influence resonates deeply in the realms of
philosophy, ethics, and culture. He was a vocal advocate for pacifism,
civil rights, and international cooperation, using his platform to
champion humanitarian causes. His outspoken criticism of war and
nuclear proliferation earned him global recognition as a symbol of
peace and moral integrity.
Einstein's iconoclastic persona, with his wild hair and playful
demeanor, has become synonymous with genius itself, permeating
popular culture and inspiring countless portrayals in literature, film,
and art. His name has become a byword for intelligence and creativity,
representing the potential for human ingenuity to unlock the secrets of
the universe.
In sum, Einstein's impact transcends disciplines and
generations, leaving an indelible mark on the fabric of
human knowledge and endeavor. His legacy serves as a
beacon of inspiration for scientists, philosophers, activists,
and dreamers alike, reminding us of the transformative
power of curiosity, imagination, and the relentless pursuit
of truth.
Thank you.