PLANNING OF

INFORMATION SYSTEM
USING PLANNING
TECHNIQUES

PRESENTED BY-
• Isha Garg
• Khanak Gupta
• Rahul Giri
CONTENT
• What is Information System (IS)?
• What is IS Planning?
• Why do organizations need IS Planning?
• How IS planning is initiated?
• Approaches to Planning
• IS Planning Process
• Four Stage Model
INFORMATION SYSTEM
An information system (IS) is a set of interconnected components
working together to collect, process, store, and distribute information
to support decision-making, coordination, control, analysis, and
visualization within an organization or other entities.

Key components of an information system typically include:

• Hardware
• Software
• Data
• People
• Procedures
WHAT IS INFORMATION SYSTEM
PLANNING?
Information system planning is a formal process that develops plan for developing
and managing information systems that will support goals of an organization.

Key components of information system planning typically include:

1. Strategic Alignment
2. Assessment of Current Systems
3. Technology Assessment and Forecasting
4. Requirements Analysis
5. Development of Information Systems Strategy
6. Risk Management
7. Resource Planning
8. Implementation Planning
WHY DO ORGANIZATIONS NEED
INFORMATION SYSTEM PLANNING?
Organizations need information system planning for several
reasons:
1. Alignment with Business Goals
2. Resource Optimization
3. Risk Management
4. Competitive Advantage:
5. Scalability and Flexibility:.
6. Regulatory Compliance
7. Stakeholder Communication and Engagement:
HOW INFORMATION
SYSTEM PLANNING IS
INITIATED?
Four groups of people who initiate new or improved
Information Systems from different perspectives:

• Top management
• IS professionals
• Line managers
• Users
TOP MANAGEMENT

Top management plays a critical role in initiating

Information System (IS) planning within an
organization. Here's how they typically go about it:

1. Recognizing the Need

2. Setting Strategic Objectives
3. Allocating Resources
4. Appointing Leadership
5. Engaging Stakeholders
IS PROFESSIONALS
Information System (IS) professionals play a crucial
role in initiating information system planning within
an organization. Here's how they typically go about
it:

1. Engaging Stakeholders
2. Collaborating with IT Teams
3. Leveraging Frameworks and Methodologies
4. Iterating and Refining
5. Presenting Recommendations
LINE MANAGERS
Line managers, who are typically responsible for
overseeing specific departments or functional areas
within an organization, can also play a role in initiating
information system planning. Here's how they might
do it:

1. Identifying Operational Needs

2. Gathering User Feedback
3. Prioritizing Requirements
4. Aligning with Business Objectives
5. Collaborating with IT Department
USERS
Users, as the end-users of information systems within
an organization, can also play a role in initiating
information system planning. Here's how they might
contribute:

1. Identifying Pain Points

2. Providing Feedback
3. Participating in User Groups
4. Requesting Change
5. Advocating for User-Centric Design
APPROACHES TO PLANNING
1. Top-down Planning :
-Focuses on organizational goals first, then on the needs of
business units

2. Bottom-up Planning :
-Focuses on needs of business units first, then on
organizational goals

3. Planning by Critical Success Factors :

-Executives define critical success factors first so planning
can address resources to support those factors
TOP-DOWN PLANNING

1. Senior Leadership Direction

2. Alignment with Business Goals

3. High-Level Prioritization

4. Resource Allocation

5. Risk Management
BOTTOM-UP PLANNING

1. Grassroots Initiatives

2. Operational Focus

3. User-Centric

4. Innovation and Experimentation

5. Collaborative Decision-Making
PLANNING BY CRITICAL
SUCCESS FACTORS

1. Identifying Key Success Factors

2. Aligning Planning Efforts

3. Detailed Analysis

4. Strategic Prioritization

5. Monitoring and Evaluation

INFORMATION SYSTEM PLANNING
PROCESS
Here's a generalized overview of the information system planning process:

1. Understanding Business Objectives 7. Evaluating Alternatives

2. Assessing Current State 8. Prioritizing Initiatives.
9. Developing Implementation Plans
3. Gathering Requirements
10. Communicating and Gaining Buy
4. Analysing Technology Trends
11. Implementing and Monitoring
5. Developing IT Strategy 12. Evaluating and Iterating:
6. Creating Architectural Designs
FOUR STAGE MODEL
This model describes the four generic planning
activities:

1. Strategic planning
2. Requirement analysis
3. Resource allocation
4. Project planning
STRATEGIC PLANNING
In this planning stage, objectives, goals and strategies are
compared with the objectives, goals and strategies of the
organization. The following techniques are used:

i. Derivation from the organizational plan

ii. The strategic information system grid
iii. Strategic fit with organizational culture
iv. Strategy set transformation
REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
Detailed requirements for the information system are gathered, analyzed, and
documented.
The focus is on understanding the needs of users, stakeholders, and the organization as a
whole.
Key activities may include:
• Conducting interviews, surveys, and workshops with stakeholders to elicit
requirements.
• Documenting functional and non-functional requirements, including features, usability,
performance, security, and scalability.
• Analyzing existing business processes and workflows to identify areas for
improvement and automation.
• Prioritizing requirements based on their importance and impact on business objectives.
RESOURCE ALLOCATION
This stage provides the framework for personnel planning, tech
procurement and budgeting. Some of the methods for allocating scarce
resources are:

• Return on Investment (ROI)

• Cost benefit analysis technique
• Charge out
• Charging the cost of IS resources to its users
• Portfolio approach
• Portfolio of projects
• Steering committees
• Executives from major functions in the organisation
PROJECT PLANNING
Detailed plans are developed to guide the execution of the information system project.
The focus is on defining project scope, objectives, timelines, milestones, and
deliverables.
Key activities may include:
• Developing a project charter or initiation document that formally authorizes the
project and defines its scope, objectives, and stakeholders.
• Creating a project plan that outlines tasks, dependencies, timelines, and resource
assignments.
• Identifying and mitigating project risks through risk analysis and risk management
strategies.
• Establishing project management processes, communication channels, and reporting
mechanisms to monitor progress and ensure accountability.
THANK
YOU
PRESENTED BY-
• Isha Garg
• Khanak Gupta
• Rahul Giri