1.

1 Introduction

• The main reason was Transformers Protective Devices faults such as lightning or
fuse operations to protective which monitors according to the size, rating and
voltage level of the transformers.
• The other reason is ageing which reduce the dielectric and mechanical strengths
and weakened conductor insulation.
• In order to solve this problem, we decided to conduct a project pertaining to design
of a new improved protection device for distribution transformer by using differential
relay.
 1.2 Principle of differential relay

The simple differential relay actually compares between primary current and
secondary current of power transformer.
• If an unbalance between primary and secondary currents detected then the relay
will actuate and inter trip both the primary and secondary circuit breaker of the
transformer.
• In general, we can say the simple differential relays operate when the vector
difference of two or more similar electrical quantities at the two ends of a protection
zone exceeds a predetermined level.
 1.3 Statement of Problem

• Electric power supply improves the lifestyle of societies, during power supply
problems, the same society, especially those whose lives are strongly linked with
electric power supply will suffer.
• One of the aforementioned causes, distribution transformers, are critical,
expensive and dangerous assets in the transmission and distribution network of
electricity.
 1.4 Objectives of the Project

General Objective
• The main objective of the is study to fauilurity and effects in distribution
Transformers to identify root causes of failures.
• so as to devise strategies to address the most frequent modes of failures and
improve the reliability of transformers.
• Lastly the simulation part of overall design of our project concentrate about
to classify all the situation of distribution transformer.
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The overall Specific objectives of this project are:

• To identify vulnerable elements of distribution transformers that are causing
further failures to address problems related to various elements of distribution
transformer
• Construction of improved protection device.
 1.5 Significance of the Project

• In present, electric power interruption is causing negative impact on day-to-

day activities of people.
• So this study contributes to improve reliable supply of electric power in the
work environment by investigating one of the possible causes of power
interruption, distribution transformers failures.
 1.6 Scope of the Project
• It started from gathering and analyzing of data and modeling of
methodology which include main process with their needed
materials.
• Lastly the simulation part of overall design of our project
concentrates about construction of improved protection device .
 1.7 Transformer Failure Modes
• A transformer can fail due to combination of electrical, mechanical or thermal
factors
A.Electrical Factors There are various electrical factors for transformer
failures which can be broadly classified in to following three categories:
• Transient or overvoltage conditions;
• Lightening and
• switching surges.
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B. Mechanical factors
• Mechanical factors result in damage to the transformer winding rupturing its
solid insulation. If the damage is acute the transformer may fail electrically.
• Winding of transformer may rupture due to electromechanical forces or
damage during shipping.
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C.Thermal Factors
• The cellulose insulation of transformer degrades with time due to heat
generation during normal loading of transformer.
• It results in decrease in dielectric strength of the insulation and weakens
distribution network capacity as the system stability, sensitivity.the insulation
to rupture under normal voltage conditions.
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The most common failure causes for distribution transformers
• Oil leakage
• After failure, transformer is removed and replaced with new/repaired one
without removing the cause of failure which results in immediate or short
time failure.
• By prolonged overloading
• Internal and external short circuit
• By inrush current
 1.8 Methodology
• The methodology begins by conducting the literature reviews and the data
gathered .
0 start
1 Review of literature
2 Data collection
3 Mathematical modeling
4 Selecting of the protective device
5 Design of protection device
6 Simulate the overall system
 1.9 Design Specifications
• Deferential relay
• Three phase circuit breakers
• Three phase VI measurement
• Three phase transformers 315KVA
• Voltage at no load 11kv,low voltage at no load400v
• Frequency 50HZ
• Current at no load (hv)
• Current at no load(lv)
• Temptature 50°
• Winding material aluminum
• Oil quantity 360l
• Core and winding 595kg
• Total weight 1204kg
• Three phase input(15 KV)
• Three phase load(380)
 1.10 Work plan
0 start.......................................................inFebruary
1 Review of literature.................................in February
2 Data collection.........................................in March
3 Mathematical modeling..............................in March
4 Selecting of the protective device...................in March
5 Design of protection device............................in April
6 Simulate the overall system .........................in April
 TH
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EN
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