CLOSING THE CONTENT GAPS

LIFE ORIENTATION
COMMON ASSESSMENT TASK
2021

LIFE ORIENTATION
TERM 1 – WEEKS 8 -10
GRADES 10 -12
CLOSING THE GAPS – GRADE 10
TERM 1 – WEEKS 8-10

Human rights and violations
 Human rights are rules to help everybody
live together in peace, safety and happiness.
 Sometimes people don’t follow these rules.
 Then they violate or abuse human rights.
Example of human rights violations: human trafficking
 Human trafficking is the global illegal transport of people
across international and local borders.
 To be trafficked means to be taken against your will,
• Tricked into going with traffickers or criminals who then sell
you.
CHILD TRAFFICKING – is when you are tricked into leaving your
home, and are transported to a different town, city or province or another
country.
You are trapped and sold and used for forced labour, prostitution, domestic
labour, forced marriage, organ removal or adoption
1. TRICKED
2. TRANSPORTED 3. TRAPPED
DISCRIMINATION AND VIOLATIONS
OF HUMAN
.. RIGHTS
The South African Constitution and Bill of Rights prohibits
discrimination within the context of: Race, religion,
language, gender, xenophobia, human trafficking, sexual Bill of Rights –
orientation with reference to LGBTQI (Lesbian, Gay,  This Bill of Rights is a cornerstone of democracy in South
Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex), HIV and AIDS
Africa. It enshrines the rights of all people in our countr
status and affirms the democratic values of human dignity,
equality and freedom
 Chapter 2 of our Constitution is our Bill of Rights. It lists
our human rights that are protected in South Africa.
The Constitution prohibits discrimination
These rights are based on:
based on one’s sexual orientation. Therefore
• dignity • democracy • equality • freedom.
the LGBTQi communities are deserving of
being treated with respect:
Lesbian - Homosexual females who are Violations of human rights
physically and romantically attracted to other - Discriminating at work based on traits
females like race, gender, and sexual orientation
Gay - Homosexual males who are physically and - (The right to work) Failing to provide
romantically attracted to other males maternity leave (protection of and
Bisexual - Romantically and physically attracted assistance to the family)
to members of both sexes - Not paying a sufficient minimum wage
Transgender - Not a sexual orientation but a (rights at work)
gender identity. Transgender people may have
the body of one gender, but feel that they are the
opposite gender, like they were born into the
wrong type of body
Queer - Individuals who are not heterosexual.
Queer is an umbrella term for sexual and gender
minorities who are not heterosexual.
Intersex - A person born with the reproductive
organs or sexual anatomy that doesn’t fit in the
boxes of ‘female’ or ‘male’.
 DISCRIMINATION AND VIOLATIONS
OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Factors/issues contributing to discriminatory
behaviours and violations:

The following issues contribute to discriminatory behaviours

and violations:
- xenophobia: dislike of or prejudice against people from other countries

- Human trafficking: the unlawful act of transporting or coercing

people in order to benefit from their work or service in the form of
forced labour or sexual exploitation
- gender- based violence (GBV): is violence directed against a person
because of that person's gender or violence that affects persons of a
particular gender disproportionately
- Homophobia is a dislike of or prejudice against gay people
- corrective rape (in respect of LGBTIQQ+ communities) refers to
an instance when a woman is raped in order to "cure" her
of her lesbianism

Nature and source of bias, prejudice, The impact of these violations of human rights on:
discriminating and oppressing behaviour
INDIVIDUALS –
 Bias: a personal and sometimes unreasoned judgment
• triggers a cascade of psychological, physical and
 Stereotypes: a widely held but fixed
interpersonal problems for victims that, in their turn,
and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of
• influence the functioning of the surrounding social system
person or thing.
 Prejudice: preconceived opinion that is not based on
ON SOCIETY –
reason or actual experience.
• exposure to trauma can lead to sleep disorders,
 Discrimination: the unjust or prejudicial treatment of
• chronic irritability,
different categories of people, especially on the grounds
• physical illness and a disruption of interpersonal relation
of ethnicity, age, sex, or disability.
and occupational family and social functioning
 Challenging prejudice and discrimination
South African individuals who fought against human right abuse
Hellen Suzman Sheena Duncan
Charlotte Mazeke
Nelson Mandela
 A South African anti-apartheid activist and  Born in Johannesburg
 Born in Mvezo.
 Born in Ramokgopa
politician.
 He played a big role in promoting the freedom charter adopted by  Religious leader, social and political activist
 An activist and leader of the women
the congress of the people in 1955.  She represented a series of liberal and centre- organization.
 First black South African woman to graduate from left opposition parties.
 He was imprisoned for 27 years
an American university  She was a volunteer and held
 Became the first black president of South Africa in 1994. various offices in the Black Sash
Fatima Meer
 Frene Ginwala movement.

Desmond Tutu  Born in Durban

 Born in Johannesburg.
Walter Sisulu
• Born in Klerksdorp, a noble laureate  A writer and anti apartheid activist
 A politician, journalist, and first speaker of
the national assembly of South Africa.  An anti-apartheid activist and a prominent member
• Former TRC chairperson  Joined South African Indians in a passive resistance of the ANC.
campaign against apartheid.
 She formed part of the task force to
establish the ANC women’s league in South
• Contributed to the unbanning of liberation  He was sentenced to life imprisonment at Rivonia
Africa
organizations, and trial.
 She started passive Resistance Committee
• Mass release of political prisoners
 Assisted in establishing the Durban District Women’s Moses Mabhida
Oliver Tambo
league
Hellen Joseph  Born in Thornville.
 He was among the founding members of the ANC
Sophie de Bruin
 He was an outstanding leader. youth league.
 Born in Eastbourne (UK)
• Born in Port Elizabeth, a founding member of  A major figure in the trade union movement, ANC and
 He played a major role in the development of the
 Regarded as a symbol of defiance, integrity and courage. ANC.
SACTU SPCA.
 Arrested on charges of high treason Albert Sachs
Lilian Ngoyi
• She received the Mahatma Gandhi Award.
 Born in Pretoria
 Born in Johannesburg.

Dulcie September Beyers Naude  He is a human rights activist, a constitutional court

• An ANC activist who played an active role in
the struggle for national liberation, democracy
and social justice.
 An Afrikaner theologian
 A leading Afrikaner anti-apartheid activist
 First woman elected to the ANC’s national executive
judge.
 An anti apartheid activist and treason trialist
 Most of his work involved defending people charged
 Led women protest march against pass laws on the 9th under apartheid’s racist laws
August 1956
 Contemporary events showcasing the nature of a transforming South Africa:

Impact of South African initiatives and campaigns

which address discrimination and human rights 67 Minutes for
Initiating your own campaign to
violation, for example:
address discrimination and human Mandela
rights violations can be a powerful It has mobilized millions of South
• The 16 Days of Activism campaign aims to raise
awareness about violence against women and
way to promote change and raise Africans and people around the
children, advocate for gender equality, and mobilize awareness on issues that world to engage in acts of kindness,
individuals and communities to take action against
service, and volunteerism.
abuse. In South Africa, where gender-based violence is
a significant issue, this campaign plays a crucial role in South Africa’s initiatives and campaigns
addressing these challenges. that promote nation building

Impact of the 16 Days of Activism
against women and child abuse in
South Africa:
The campaign helps raise public
awareness about the prevalence and
consequences of violence against
women and children in South Africa.
It provides a platform for discussing
the root causes of such violence and
the need for societal change.
Reconciliation day
Proudly South African Branding
Celebrated on December 16th each
It aims to create a sense of national pride and year. It plays a significant role in
patriotism by promoting products and services promoting unity and healing and is a
that are made or provided by South African reminder of the work that still needs to
companies be done to achieve a fully inclusive and
Examples of other campaigns addressing
equitable society.
discrimination and human rights
Initiating your own campaign to address violations in South Africa
discrimination and human rights violations can Heritage day Anti-Apartheid Movement: It aims to end
be a powerful way to promote change and raise Celebrated annually on September racial segregation and discrimination in
awareness on issues that 24th each year. South Africa.
It plays a vital role in celebrating Xenophobia and Migrant Rights: Aims to
cultural diversity, fostering social raise awareness, stereotypes, and
cohesion, and promoting unity among advocate for the rights and inclusion of
its people. migrants, refugees and foreigners in South
Africa.
 Integrated assessment

Week 8: Week 9: Week 10:

ACTIVITY 1 ACTIVITY 2 ACTIVITY 3

LOWER COGNITIVE ORDER LOWER COGNITIVE ORDER LOWER COGNITIVE ORDER

MIDDLE COGNITIVE ORDER MIDDLE COGNITIVE ORDER MIDDLE COGNITIVE ORDER

HIGHER COGNITIVE ORDER HIGHER COGNITIVE ORDER HIGHER COGNITIVE ORDER

CLOSING THE GAPS – GRADE 11
TERM 1 – WEEKS 8-10
 Democracy (principles, processes and procedures for democratic participation)
Democratic process :
• These are ways (practices/methods)
used by people of a democratic
country to inform the manner in
which they should be governed and
or to raise their dissatisfaction,
ensuring redress for unfair
application of the law.
• Measures such as payment of taxes,
equal access to the justice system,
opportunity to petition and protest,
etc. are important in any democratic
state, and the laws must protect
these provisions.
Democratic principles:
• These are set of
beliefs/values/philosophies that
determine the manner a democratic
system works and how the citizens
should behave and how government
should service them.
• Democratic principles include
a. the rule of law (equal respect
for the law while discouraging
arbitrary exercise of power by
leaders, enabling equal
treatment of citizens of a
country)
b. accountability (taking
responsibility for something
that has been done or needs
to be done),
c. transparency (quality of
being free from any attempt
to hide something),
d. representation (political
parties and individuals
directly elected to serve the
interests of their constituents)
Democratic structures:
• refers to the
systems/institutions that are
designed to support
democracy and promote
democratic principles, such
as:
– transparency,
– rule of law,
– accountability, and
– citizen’s participation in
their governance,
– respect for peoples’ rights,
– representation,
– equality etc.
• This can include various
branches of government,
such as the:
– executive,
–
legislative, and
– judicial branches, as well as
– civil society organizations,
political parties, and
– electoral systems.
• These are basic institutions
that make governance (how
people feel their
government) possible.
Democratic participation
• is a process that enables citizens
of a country to take part in their
governance and to hold those in
power accountable for their
actions. It includes participation
through imbizos, public debates,
meetings, protests, constituents
offices, petitions/ marches etc.
• The law-making process is
initiated by Parliament, as the
national legislature, which
considers draft pieces of legislation
in order to exercise its power to
make laws.
• A draft piece of legislation (called a
Bill) must formally be submitted to
Parliament before Parliament can
consider making it a law.
• Ordinary citizens participate by
making inputs through their
political parties, interested groups,
organised formations and as
individuals when the bill is open
for public comments.

• Exposure to positive behaviour programmes:
• All athletes have to take an oath before games
• All athletes have read and understood completion
rules
• All sport bodies must develop a sports code of
conduct which addresses participants’ and
spectators’ behaviour, no use of banned
substances, creation of positive, safe and uplifting
environment, development of culture for safety,
fair play and positive sporting, banning of racism
and fair officiating of games
Role of sport in
nation building:
Role of sport in nation building:
o Sport can build tolerance,
understanding and respect. It has the
power to oppose racism, discrimination
and human rights abuses. It helps us to
make friends with strangers and build
relationships. Build relationships across
cultures, languages, religions, ages and
incomes.
o Sport can also detract nation building
when biased selections, unfair
umpiring/official, use of banned
substances, unfair competing and
gender imbalances are practiced.
o Sport can also be used to promote
division and conflict between nations.
Sport can be used to promote
nationalism and national identity in a
way that is exclusive and exclusive only
to one nation. This can lead to conflicts
and divisions between nations.
Impact of participants and spectators behaviour
o Participants and spectators can get fatal
injuries
o Teams can be banned from participating in
games
o Teams can be fined huge amounts of
money
o Teams can be docked points or lose cups
o Opposition teams may not be wiling to play
against troublesome teams.
o Referees may not be free to officiate fairly.
o Communities and societies may lose
interest and not attend games.
o Nations will face isolation from other
countries and economic growth will be
stalled
 Integrated assessment

Week 8: Week 9: Week 10:

ACTIVITY 1 ACTIVITY 2 ACTIVITY 3

LOWER COGNITIVE ORDER LOWER COGNITIVE ORDER LOWER COGNITIVE ORDER

MIDDLE COGNITIVE ORDER MIDDLE COGNITIVE ORDER MIDDLE COGNITIVE ORDER

HIGHER COGNITIVE ORDER HIGHER COGNITIVE ORDER HIGHER COGNITIVE ORDER

CLOSING THE GAPS – GRADE 12
TERM 1 – WEEKS 8-10
 ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Financial and social viability of entrepreneurship and other

employment options
• Entrepreneurship and other employment options may be the
best way to earn money. The more jobs that are created the
better for everyone.
• We cannot expect the government alone to provide jobs; each
citizen has to try and create jobs and work opportunities for
others.

What is considered unemployment?
Individuals who do not have a job are considered unemployed.
This includes not having either a part-time, full-time or
independent contractor position. People who are actively looking
for work and are currently available for work but do not have a job
are also considered unemployed.
Reasons for unemployment:
 A mismatch between skills and job opportunities; there are no jobs for people
with certain skills, or there are jobs but not people with the skills to do them.
 Corruption, which leads to ‘jobs for friends’ at overly high salaries and takes
away jobs from the poor or better qualified.
 Difficult for first-time or new entrants to enter labour market; people with
experience are preferred.
 Distance from workplace to home due to the apartheid-era Group Areas Act
that displaced people.
 Downturn in the economy (recession) where fewer jobs are created, and
businesses close down.
 Firms going out of business and retrenching workers.
 Graduates’ belief in how much they are worth in the job market may lead them
to ignore lower-paying jobs, which may be the only jobs available.
 Having qualifications and a career path that do not match your interests and
ability.
 High costs of employment, so firms hire fewer people who do more work.
 Jobseekers become discouraged and give up trying.
 Lack of education and skills
 Lack of entrepreneurship opportunities
 Lack of job search skills and information
 Fewer opportunities due to a cycle of unemployment. The longer you are
unemployed, the more difficult it is to become employed.
 Mechanisation and computers reduce the number of people needed for jobs.
 More demand than supply; meaning there are more job applicants than jobs
available.
 Overpopulation
 Poverty and powerlessness mean that people have fewer opportunities to
become employed.
 Scarcity of the kind of jobs people want.
 Shortage of skilled labour lessens the opportunities for less skilled labour.
 Worldwide recession or downturn in economy, which reduces businesses’
growth.
UNEMPLOYMENT
Volunteering
Volunteering means you help others. You give of
your time and skills to others. You do not expect
payment. Volunteering makes you feel good
about yourself because you are doing something
for somebody else. This builds confidence. It also
allows you to explore your interests, abilities and
skills. This might make it easier for you to choose
a career.
Volunteering is not only about helping people.
You can also, for example, volunteer to clean up
rivers or beaches, or work at an animal shelter.
When you volunteer, you usually get a letter or a
certificate to state what kind of work you did
and for how many hours. You can add this to
your CV because now you have work experience
and have shown that you are willing to help
make South Africa a better place.
Part-time jobs
If you work for a short while or for part of a day
or week, you have what is called a part-time job.
You can gain a lot of experience through part-
time jobs, because you can have more than one
job at a time. For example, you may get a job to
help with directing spectators to their seats at
soccer matches. This job is only on certain days,
so it is part-time. You will build good experience
and become skilled in different aspects of work.
In addition, you will earn an income while you
build your CV.
Informal jobs
Informal jobs are usually short term. For example,
you may wash cars, do gardening, sell newspapers,
make clothes, or sell fruit or sweets at the taxi rank
or next to the school. Some people prefer informal
employment due to its flexible hours. The flexible
hours allow them to balance family
responsibilities. Other people find that this is the
only work they can do to survive. Financial and
social viability of entrepreneurship and other
employment options.
Community work
Community work means you do something to benefit
your community or a community in need. It is also a
form of volunteering, but you concentrate on the needs
Combating
of your community. The work is usually paid for by
unemployment government or an NGO, or a religious-based
organisation. For example, you may help to feed
orphans or you may help to make a community peace
garden.
Entrepreneurship
To be an entrepreneur you have to see a need and
provide a service or goods that people need. This is a
great way to earn money while you look for other work
opportunities. If your entrepreneurship leads to success,
you may turn this into your day-to-day job and also
employ others. There are many successful
entrepreneurs in South Africa.
Entrepreneurship and other employment options may
be the best way to earn money. The more jobs that are
created the better for everyone. We cannot expect the
government to provide all the jobs; each citizen has to
try to create jobs and work opportunities for others. We
live in a country where formal jobs are scarce, but
where there are many opportunities in the informal
sector.
Unemployment causes poverty and poverty leads to
unemployment.
When there are many unemployed people, fewer goods are produced,
and fewer services are provided. Unemployed people don’t have money
to buy goods or use services. Investors become scared to invest their
money because they may lose it, as not enough people will buy their
goods or use their services. Investors decide not to expand their
businesses, or they retrench workers. Some may even close down their
businesses before they lose a lot of money. For example, if there are
many unemployed people, there will be less money available to spend
on luxuries such as holidays, travel, hotel accommodation and eating
out in restaurants. There will be less money to shop for luxury goods
such as gifts. So hotels, restaurants and gift shops may go out of
business. This leads to further unemployment, because the people who
work there, will then also be without work.
Impact of unemployment
The impact or effect of unemployment is damaging; it causes great
harm and despair. With no work, there is no income or money. Without
money, people can’t provide for their basic needs, such as food,
clothing, shelter and transport. Unemployment affects the unemployed
not only financially, but also personally and socially. Unemployment
also affects the employed, the community and the country. Often, the
unemployed lose hope, self-respect and motivation. This often leads to
family conflict, divorce and abuse. Frustrated parents are stressed and
get irritated with their children; they worry about where the next meal
will come from. The unemployed are vulnerable because they are easy
targets for drug pushers and human traffickers. The unemployed do not
pay tax, which means there is less money for government to spend on
education, hospitals, police and roads, for example. The effects of
unemployment include:
 Poverty
 physical and mental
 child abuse
 hunger health suffers
 lack of self-esteem
 homelessness
 crime
 exclusion and
 lack of education
 exploitation loneliness and training
 human trafficking
 not feeling like a active member of society
 substance abuse
 HIV and AIDS citizen of South Africa.

Concepts related to fraud and
corruption:
a. Bribery:
dishonestly persuade (some
one) to act in one's favour
by a gift of money or
other inducement
b. Embezzlement: theft or
misappropriation of funds
placed in one's trust or
belonging to one's employer
c. Cronyism: the appointment of
friends and associates to
positions of authority,
without proper regard to
their qualifications
d. Nepotism: favouritism (as in
appointment to a job) based on
kinship/family.
Corruption affects us all.
• It threatens sustainable economic
development, ethical values and justice;
• it destabilises our society and endangers
the rule of law.
• It undermines the institutions and values
of our democracy. But because public
policies and public resources are largely
beneficial to poor people, it is they who
suffer the harmful effects of corruption
most grievously.
• To be dependent on the government for
housing, healthcare, education, security
and welfare, makes the poor most
vulnerable to corruption since it stalls
service delivery.
• Delays in infrastructure development,
poor building quality and layers of
additional costs are all consequences of
corruption.
• Many acts of corruption deprive our
citizens of their constitutional and their
human rights
ACTIVITY:
Find a newspaper article on fraud and
corruption in SA and critically discuss
how it is having an impact on:
a. The country
b. Business
c. The individual
 Integrated assessment

Week 8: Week 9: Week 10:

ACTIVITY 1 ACTIVITY 2 ACTIVITY 3

LOWER COGNITIVE ORDER LOWER COGNITIVE ORDER LOWER COGNITIVE ORDER

MIDDLE COGNITIVE ORDER MIDDLE COGNITIVE ORDER MIDDLE COGNITIVE ORDER

HIGHER COGNITIVE ORDER HIGHER COGNITIVE ORDER HIGHER COGNITIVE ORDER