CA 101 – INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

TOPIC 3: CONCEPT OF PENOLOGY

AND JAILS IN THE PHILIPPINES
a. Modern Concept of Penology and the Jails
b. Jail Bureau Mission, Objectives and Principles, Mandate, Functions, Core
Values and Objectives
c. Types of Jails and the Administrator
d. Duties and Responsibilities of Key BJMP Officers
e. Courts and other entities authorize to commit a person to jail
f. Categories and classification of Detainees, Inmates and Prisoner
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Expected Outcomes:

At the end of this topic, the learners could be able to:

a. Explain orally the modern concept of corrections.

b. Learn the origin of the word jail and state its
definition.
c. Differentiate the types of jails.
d. Understand the mission, objectives, and principles of
the bureau.
e. Identify the key position and qualification of jail.
 CA 101 – INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

MODERN CONCEPT OF PENOLOGY AND

THE JAILS
Origin of the word Jail

The term jail is derived from the Spanish word, "Jaulo" which means cage.
Etymologist attributed the word jail to have originated from the Spanish
term "Caula," is the French word of jail referred to as "Gaol" pronounced
G'eole. It is a place for the arrested for debt or crime and were held in
custody. In 14th century, the arrestees were even entrusted to the knights of
the Shire.
The Spanish word "Jaulo" the French Gaol and the English term Jail have
the same imports and connotations. It only varies in spelling that derives
from the punctuated pronunciations (Macasiano, 1999).
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MODERN CONCEPT OF PENOLOGY AND

THE JAILS
Jail Legal Definition

Jail is a building or place for the confinement of arrested or sentenced

persons. It is usually made up of cells, which are small rooms or enclosures
where prisoners are actually kept or confined (Macasiano, 1999).
The difference between the Jail and the Bureau of Corrections is that jail
houses cater offenders who are possibly faced with a penalty of not
more than three years and it is under the Department of Interior and
Local Government. It is classified as: Provincial jail, Municipal jail, and
City jail. While the Bureau of Corrections houses offenders who are
finally convicted by the lower court and are waiting for the results of
their appeal and those who are convicted for more than three years.
The Bureau of Corrections is directly under the Department of Justice.
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MODERN CONCEPT OF PENOLOGY AND

THE JAILS
Types of jails

1.Lock - up cells - is a security facility for the temporary

detention of persons held for investigation (e.g. Suspects,
violators of city ordinance).

2.City jail, Provincial and Municipal jail - house both offenders

awaiting for court actions, those serving short sentences
usually up to three years only, and juvenile offenders pending
for transfer to social service agency (Macasiano, 1999).
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JAIL BUREAU MISSION, OBJECTIVES AND

PRINCIPLES, MANDATE, FUNCTIONS, CORE
VALUES AND OBJECTIVES
As one of the five pillars of the Criminal Justice
System, the BJMP was created to address growing
concern of jail management and penology
problem. Primarily, its clients are detainees
accused before a court who are temporarily
confined in such jails while undergoing
investigation, waiting final judgement and those
who are serving sentence promulgated by the
court 3 years and below. As provided for under
R.A. No. 6975, the Jail Bureau is mandated to take
operational and administrative control over all city,
district and municipal jails.
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JAIL BUREAU MISSION, OBJECTIVES AND

PRINCIPLES, MANDATE, FUNCTIONS, CORE
VALUES AND OBJECTIVES
The Bureau has four major areas of rehabilitation program, namely:
Livelihood Projects, Educational and Vocational Training, Recreation and
Sports, and Religious/ Spiritual Activities. These were continuously
implemented to eliminate the offenders’ pattern of criminal behavior and to
reform them to become law-abiding and productive citizens.

Although the workplace of the Jail Bureau is confined inside the portals of jail
to safeguard inmates, nonetheless, the Bureau has an inherent function of
informing the public of jail operations and other matters concerning the
corrections pillar of the Philippines. Coincidentally, being a new and growing
Bureau, BJMP aims to keep the public abreast of information regarding jail
management and penology.
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JAIL BUREAU MISSION, OBJECTIVES AND

PRINCIPLES, MANDATE, FUNCTIONS, CORE
VALUES AND OBJECTIVES
MANDATE - The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology was created on
January 2, 1991 pursuant to Republic Act 6975, replacing its forerunner, the Jail
Management and Penology Service of the defunct Philippine Constabulary-
Integrated National Police. The BJMP exercises administrative and operational
jurisdiction over all district, city and municipal jails. It is a line bureau of the
Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG).

VISION - The BJMP envisions itself as a dynamic institution highly regarded for
its sustained humane safekeeping and development of inmates.

MISSION - The Bureau aims to enhance public safety by providing humane

safekeeping and development of inmates in all district, city and municipal jails
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JAIL BUREAU MISSION, OBJECTIVES AND

PRINCIPLES, MANDATE, FUNCTIONS, CORE
VALUES AND OBJECTIVES
POWERS -The BJMP exercises supervision and control over all
district, city and municipal jails. As such, it shall ensure the
establishment of secure, clean, adequately equipped sanitary
facilities; and ensure the provision of quality services for the
custody, safekeeping, rehabilitation and development of district,
city and municipal inmates, any fugitive from justice, or person
detained awaiting or undergoing investigation or trial and/or
transfer to the National Penitentiary, and/or violent mentally ill
person who endangers him/herself or the safety of others as
certified by the proper medical or health officer, pending transfer to
a mental institution.
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JAIL BUREAU MISSION, OBJECTIVES AND

PRINCIPLES, MANDATE, FUNCTIONS, CORE
VALUES AND OBJECTIVES
CORE VALUES -The BJMP’s officers and staff are guided by the following core
values:
a. Commitment - strong sense of dedication to the ideals of the organization
and to the public that it serves;
b. Respect for Human Rights - to promote and protect the rights of our fellow
human beings;
c. Efficiency/Competence - mastery of important skills for delivery of quality
services;
d. Cooperation - willingness to share efforts in implementing plans and
achieving goals; and
e. Teamwork - the combined effective action of all personnel.
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JAIL BUREAU MISSION, OBJECTIVES AND

PRINCIPLES, MANDATE, FUNCTIONS, CORE
VALUES AND OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVES -The broad objectives of the Bureau are the
following:

a. To improve the living conditions of offenders in accordance with

the accepted standards set by the United Nations;
b. To enhance the safekeeping, rehabilitation and development of
offenders in preparation for their eventual reintegration into the
mainstream of society upon their release; and
c. To professionalize jail services.
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JAIL BUREAU MISSION, OBJECTIVES AND

PRINCIPLES, MANDATE, FUNCTIONS, CORE
VALUES AND OBJECTIVES
PRINCIPLES - The following principles shall be observed in the
implementation of the preceding sections:

a. Humane treatment of inmates;

b. Observance of professionalism in the performance of duties; and
c. Multi-sectoral approach in the safekeeping and development of
inmates can be strengthened through active partnership with other
members of the criminal justice system and global advocates of
corrections.
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TYPES OF JAILS AND THE ADMINISTRATOR

Jail Provincial Administrator’s Office
In every province, the BJMP operates and maintains a Provincial Jail
Administrator’s Office headed by a Provincial Administrator, to oversee the
implementation of jail services of all district, city and municipal jails within its
territorial jurisdiction.

District Jail
Within large cities or a group of clustered municipalities, a District Jail headed by
a District Warden may be established.

City and Municipal Jails

The BJMP operates and maintains City and Municipal Jails, each headed by a
City or Municipal Warden, as the case may be.
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DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY

BJMP OFFICERS
Organization and Key Positions
The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, also referred to as the Jail
Bureau, was created pursuant to Section 60 to 65, Chapter V, RA No. 6975,
and initially consisting of uniformed officers and members of the Jail Management
and Penology service as constituted under Presidential Decree No. 765. RA 9263
provides that the Bureau shall be headed by a Chief who is assisted by two (2)
Deputy Chiefs, one (1) for Administration and another for Operations, and
one (1) Chief of Directorial Staff, all of whom are appointed by the President
upon the recommendation of the DILG Secretary from among the qualified officers
with the rank of at least Senior Superintendent in the BJMP. The Chief of the
BJMP carries the rank of Director and serves a tour of duty that must not
exceed four (4) years, unless extended by the President in times of war and other
national emergencies. Officers who have retired or are within six (6) months from
their compulsory retirement age are not qualified to be appointed as Jail Director
or designated as BJMP Chief.
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DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY

BJMP OFFICERS
The second officer in command of the BJMP is the Deputy Chief for
Administration, the third officer in command is the Deputy Chief for
Operations, and the fourth officer in command is The Chief of the Directorial
Staff, all of whom carry the rank of Chief Superintendent. They are assisted by
the Directors of the Directorates in the National Headquarters who carry the
rank of at least Senior Superintendent.

The BJMP operates and maintains Regional Offices in each of the

administrative regions of the country, headed by a Regional Director for
Jail Management and Penology, with the rank of at least Senior
Superintendent. The Regional Director is assisted by an Assistant Regional
Director for Administration, Assistant Regional Director for Operations,
and Regional Chief of Directorial Staff, who are all officers with the rank of at
least Superintendent.
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DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY

BJMP OFFICERS
The National Headquarters is the Command and Staff Office of the
BJMP, and is composed of the Command Group, Directorates and
Management Support Staff, namely:

COMMAND GROUP
 Chief, BJMP
 Deputy Chief for Administration
 Deputy Chief for Operation
 Chief of Directorial Staff
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DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY

BJMP OFFICERS
DIIRECTORATES
Directorate for Personnel and Records Management
Directorate for Human Resource Development
Directorate for Operations
Directorate for Inmates Welfare and Development
Directorate for Logistics
Directorate for Comptrollership
Directorate for Program Development
Directorate for Intelligence
Directorate for Investigation and Prosecution
Directorate for Information Communication and Technology Management
Directorate for Health Service
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DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY

BJMP OFFICERS
SUPPORT SERVICES
 Office of Program Management
 Office of Legal Services
 Office of General Services
 Office of Accounting Services
 Office of Finance Services
 Office of Supply Accountable Office
 Office of Internal Audit
 Office of Chaplaincy Services
 Office of Community Relations Services
 NESJO
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DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY

BJMP OFFICERS
Qualification for Key Position
The following are the minimum qualifications for appointment or designation
to key position in the jail bureau.

1) Municipal Jail Warden – Should have the rank of chief inspector, who
have finished at least second year Bachelor of Laws or earned at least
twelve (12) units in a master' degree program in management, public
administration, public safety, criminology, penology, sociology, national
security administration, defense studies, or other related disciplines from a
recognized institution of learning, and must have satisfactory passed the
necessary training or career courses for such position as may be
established by the Jail Bureau;
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DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY

BJMP OFFICERS
2) City Jail Warden – Should have the rank of chief inspector, who must
have finished at least second year Bachelor of Laws or earned at least
twenty four (24) units in master's degree program in management, public
administration, public safety, criminology, penology, sociology, national
security administration, defense studies or related disciplines from a
recognized institution of learning and must satisfactory passed the
necessary training or career courses for such position as may be
established by the Jail Bureau: Provided, That in city jails with a
population of one thousand (1,000) or more inmates, the city jail warden
shall the rank and qualification of a district jail warden;
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DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY

BJMP OFFICERS
3) District Jail Warden, Provincial Jail Administrator, Assistant
Regional Director for Administration, Assistant Regional Director for
Operations and Regional Chief of Directorial Staff – Should have the
rank of senior superintendent, who must be a graduate of Bachelor of
Laws or a holder of a master's degree in management, public
administration, public safety, criminology, penology, sociology, national
security administration, defense studies or other related discipline from a
recognized institution of learning, and must satisfactory passed the
necessary training or career courses for such position as may be
established by the Jail bureau;
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DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY

BJMP OFFICERS
4) Regional Director for Jail Management and Penology and Director of
the Directorate of the National Headquarters Office – Should have the
rank of senior superintendent, who must be a graduate of Bachelor of Laws
or a holder of a master's degree in management, public administration,
public safety, criminology, penology, sociology, national security
administration, defense studies or other related discipline from a recognized
institution of learning, and must satisfactory passed the necessary training
or career courses for such position as may be established by the Jail
bureau;
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DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY

BJMP OFFICERS

5) Deputy Chief for Administration of the Jail Bureau, Deputy Chief

for Operations of the Jail Bureau and Chief of Directorial Staff of the
Jail Bureau – Should have the rank of senior superintendent, who must
be a member of the Philippine Bar or a holder of a master's degree in
management, public administration, public safety, criminology, penology,
sociology, national security administration, defense studies or other
related discipline from a recognized institution of learning, and must
satisfactory passed the necessary training or career courses for such
position as may be established by the Jail bureau; and
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DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY

BJMP OFFICERS

6) Chief of the Jail Bureau – Should have the rank of director,

who must be a member of the Philippine Bar or a holder of a
master's degree in management, public administration, public
safety, criminology, penology, sociology, national security
administration, defense studies or other related discipline from a
recognized institution of learning, and must satisfactory passed
the necessary training or career courses for such position as may
be established by the Jail bureau.
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DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY

BJMP OFFICERS
Duties and Responsibilities of BJMP Field Officers

1. Regional Director - refers to the official duly designated to head the BJMP
Regional Office, to oversee the implementation of jail services within
his/her jurisdiction covering provincial jail administrator’s offices, district,
city and municipal jails, and to ensure the enforcement of laws and
regulations related to the functions his or her office as mandated of him or
her

2. Provincial Jail Administrator - refers to the official duly designated to

head the BJMP Provincial Jail Administrator’s Office and to oversee the
implementation of jail services of all district, city and municipal jails
within its territorial jurisdiction.
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DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY

BJMP OFFICERS
3. Jail Warden/Wardress
1. The jail warden generally exercises supervision and control over all
personnel in the jail unit and the inmates in all matters related to the
following:
a. Proper implementation of legal orders, rules and regulations and
directives on jail operation and administration;
b. Administration of sanctions and other disciplinary actions on inmates
and reporting to higher authority those personnel under his command who
willfully disobey lawful order and commit any infraction of law; and
c. Conduct of greyhound operations and inspections of jail facilities and
premises.
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DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY

BJMP OFFICERS
2. Looks after the welfare of his men through awards, commendations and the
like:
a. Leads and enforces a high standard of discipline among his personnel;
b. Endeavors to promote personal and professional growth of subordinates;
c. Observes fairness and impartiality in dealing with personnel and inmates;
and
d. Always upholds human rights and observes the code of conduct.

3. Assumes responsibility for the formulation and implementation of

emergency plans to preclude occurrence of jail incidents and disturbances.
He shall acts as adviser to the PA as regard the implementation of plans,
programs and policies of the Jail Bureau;
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DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY

BJMP OFFICERS
4. Delegates work activities to his subordinates and ensures their
accomplishment through effective monitoring system;
5. Ensures proper use and maintenance of equipment;
6. Coordinates with GOs or NGOs and/or the media groups;
7. Acts on other matters as his PA and/or RD may direct;
8. Submits spot reports, if necessary, to higher offices;
9. Turnover duties and responsibilities including supplies, logistical funds,
organic equipment, records, paraphernalia, books and magazines to the
incoming jail warden upon relief or such needed records, supplies and
equipment to his designated OIC during his absence; and
10. Performs such other functions as higher offices may direct.
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DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY

BJMP OFFICERS
4. Assistant Warden
a. Assumes the duties and responsibilities appurtenant to the
warden in the latter’s absence;
b. Assists the jail warden in the implementation of plans,
programs and policies of the Jail Bureau;
c. Assists the jail warden in the supervision and monitoring of
various projects, programs and policies of the Jail Unit;
d. Assists the jail warden in the over-all management of the jail
unit; and
e. Acts as chairman of the inmate’s disciplinary machinery.
 CA 101 – INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTIONS

COURTS AND OTHER ENTITIES AUTHORIZE

TO COMMIT A PERSON TO JAIL
The following (courts and entities) are authorized to commit a person to
jail:
a. Supreme Court;
b. Court of Appeals;
c. Sandiganbayan;
d. Regional Trial Court;
e. Metropolitan/Municipal Trial Court;
f. Municipal Circuit Trial Court;
g. Congress of the Philippines; and
h. All other administrative bodies or persons authorized by law to arrest and
commit a person to jail.
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CATEGORIES AND CLASSIFICATION OF

DETAINEES, INMATES AND PRISONER
Classification - refers to assigning or to
grouping of inmates according to their
respective penalty, gender, age, nationality,
health, criminal records, etc.

Categories of inmates -The two (2) general

categories of inmates are:
a. Prisoner - inmate who is convicted by final
judgment; and
b. Detainee - inmate who is undergoing
investigation/trial or awaiting final judgment.
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CATEGORIES AND CLASSIFICATION OF

DETAINEES, INMATES AND PRISONER
Classification of prisoners - The four (4) main classes of prisoners are:

a. Insular Prisoner - one who is sentenced to a prison term of three (3) years
and one (1) day to reclusion perpetua or life imprisonment;
b. Provincial Prisoner - one who is sentenced to a prison term of six (6)
months and one (1) day to three (3) years;
c. City Prisoner - one who is sentenced to a prison term of one (1) day to
three (3) years; and
d. Municipal Prisoner - one who is sentenced to a prison term of one (1) day
to six (6) months.
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CATEGORIES AND CLASSIFICATION OF

DETAINEES, INMATES AND PRISONER

Classification of detainees - The three (3) classes of detainees

are those:

a. Undergoing investigation;
b. Awaiting or undergoing trial; and
c. Awaiting final judgment.
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CATEGORIES AND CLASSIFICATION OF

DETAINEES, INMATES AND PRISONER
Inmates security classification -The following are the classifications of
inmates according to security risk each may pose:

a. High Profile Inmate - those who require increased security based on

intense media coverage or public concern as a result of their offense such as
but not limited to those who have been involved in a highly controversial or
sensationalized crime or those who became prominent for being a politician,
government official, multi-million entrepreneur, religious or cause-oriented
group leader and movie or television personality.
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CATEGORIES AND CLASSIFICATION OF

DETAINEES, INMATES AND PRISONER
b. High Risk Inmate - those who are considered highly dangerous and who require
a greater degree of security, control and supervision because of their deemed
capability of escape, of being rescued, and their ability to launch or spearhead acts
of violence inside the jail. This includes those charged with heinous crimes such as
murder, kidnapping for ransom, economic sabotage, syndicated or organized crimes,
etc. Also included are inmates with military or police trainings or those whose life is
in danger or under imminent threat.

c. High Value Target (HVT) - a target, either a resource or a person, who may either
be an enemy combatant, high ranking official or a civilian in danger of capture or
death, typically in possession of critical intelligence, data, or authority marked as an
objective for a mission and which a commander requires for the successful
completion of the same.
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CATEGORIES AND CLASSIFICATION OF

DETAINEES, INMATES AND PRISONER
d. Security Threat Group - any formal or informal ongoing inmates’ group,
gang, organization or association consisting of three or more members falling
into one of the following basic categories: street gangs, prison gangs, outlaw
gangs, traditional organized crime, aboriginal gangs, subversive groups and
terrorist organizations.

e. Subversive Group - a group of persons that adopts or advocates

subversive principles or policies tending to overthrow or undermine an
established government.
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CATEGORIES AND CLASSIFICATION OF

DETAINEES, INMATES AND PRISONER
f. Terrorist Group - a group of persons that commits any of the following: piracy and
mutiny in the high seas or in the Philippine waters, rebellion or insurrection, coup
d’état, murder, kidnapping and serious illegal detention, crimes involving
destruction, arson, hijacking, violation of laws on toxic substances and hazardous
and nuclear waste control, violations of atomic energy regulations, anti-piracy and
antihighway robbery, illegal and unlawful possession, manufacture, dealing in,
acquisition or disposition of firearms, ammunitions or explosives.

g. Violent Extremist Offender (VEO) - a person whose political or religious

ideologies are considered far outside the mainstream attitudes of the society or who
violates common moral standards and who has adopted an increasingly extreme
ideals and aspirations resorting to the employment of violence in the furtherance of
his/her beliefs.
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CATEGORIES AND CLASSIFICATION OF

DETAINEES, INMATES AND PRISONER
h. Medium Risk Inmates -those who represent a moderate risk to the public
and staff. These inmates still require greater security, control and
supervision as they might escape from and might commit violence inside the
jail.

i. Minimum Risk Inmates (Ordinary Inmates) - those inmates who have

lesser tendencies to commit offenses and generally pose the least risk to
public safety. In most cases, they may be first time offenders and are
charged with light offenses.