Word class, phrases & clauses

Direct & Reported Speech

Adapted by Ms Sadia
 What kind of word?
• There are eight different kinds of
word in English. They are called
'word classes' or 'parts of speech'.
• Here are some examples from the
conversations in the cafe. The
numbers after the examples tell you
which units in the book give you
more information.
 Word Classes

• Verb: have, am, is, would,

like, come, are, sitting,
look
• Noun: conference, work,
coffee, party, Saturday,
Jessica, friends, corner
 Word classes
• Adjective: important, busy,
good, cheap
• Adverb: tomorrow, rather,
really, here
• Preposition: at, to, on, in
 Word classes

• Determiner: an, this,

our, the
• Pronoun: I, it, you
• Linking word: so, and
 Word classes
• Some words can belong to
different classes depending on
how they are used in a sentence.
VERBS:
• Can I look at your photos? We
work on Saturday morning.
 Word classes

• NOUNS
• I like the look of that coat.
• I'll be at work tomorrow.
 Word classes

Read this paragraph and

then say which word
class each underlined
word belongs to.
 Paragraph
Andrew didn't go to the cafe with the
other students. Rachel told him they
were going there, but he wanted to
finish his work. Andrew isn't very
sociable. He stays in his room and
concentrates totally on his studies.
He's an excellent student, but he
doesn't have much fun.
 Word classes
1 the…………… 9 and …………………….
2 told…………… 10 totally …………………….
3 they……………11 an ………………………
4 there ………… 12 excellent
…………………….
5 he …………… 13 but ……………………
6 finish ………………… 14 fun
…………………..
 adverb

definition : An adverb
is a word that
modifies (describes)
a verb (he sings
loudly)
 Types of adverb

Adverbs of manner:
Angrily, happily, easily,
sadly, rudely, loudly,
fluently, greedily, etc.
 Types of Adverb

Adverbs of Place: Near,

there, here, somewhere,
inside, outside, ahead,
top, high, bottom, etc.
 Types of adverb

• Adverbs of time: Now,

then, Today, yesterday,
tomorrow, late, early,
tonight, again, soon etc.
 Guess the type
• He swims well.
• He plays the flute beautifully.
• I'm going to tidy my room tomorrow.
• I will call you later.
• She took the child outside.
• Come in!
 Adjective
An adjective is a word that describesthe
traits, qualities, or number of a noun.
What are examples of adjectives?
Descriptive words like “beautiful,”
“smooth,” or “heavy” are all adjectives, as
are numbers ( “twelve eggs”).
 Types of adjectives
• an attributive adjective comes before a noun.
For example in the noun groups 'dark
evenings' and 'mysterious events', 'dark' and
'mysterious' are attributive. Some adjectives,
such as 'southern' and 'indoor' are always
attributive.
 Predicative Adjective

• The second section of a

sentence contains a
predicate adjective (that
comes after the noun)
 Guess adjective types

 He's a talented programmer

 That music sounds wonderful.
 happy children
 He seems afraid of the dog.
 phrases

A phrase is a group of
words or singular word
acting as a grammatical
unit.
 Types of phrases & their heads
 Verb Phrase:[play the piano]
 Adjective Phrase: [delighted to
meet you]
 Adverb Phrase:[very quickly]
 Prepositional Phrase: [in the
garden]
 Clauses
A clause is a group of words that includes a
subject and a verb. We use clauses to form
sentences or parts of sentences. There are a
number of different types of clause
including main clauses, subordinate
clauses, coordinate clauses and adjective
(or relative) clauses.
 Types of clauses

“Dinner always took a

long time, because
Ahmad loved food and
he was very slow."
 Examples
• I'm going to the park and I'm
going to the cinema later.
• I don't like carrots nor do I like
cauliflower.
• He wanted to go to the beach but
it started raining.
 adjective clause

• An adjective clause, which is

also called a relative clause, is
used within a sentence to
provide essential and non-
essential information to the
reader.
 Examples
• The flowers that we picked up last week have died.
•
My friend, who has glasses, wasn't at school today.
•
The robber who broke into my house is in court
today.
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n-change-in-indirect-speech.html