SNS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Kurumbapalayam (Po), Coimbatore – 641 107

An Autonomous Institution
Accredited by NBA – AICTE and Accredited by NAAC – UGC with ‘A’ Grade
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING

Energy Conservation Techniques

Dr. Jebarani Evangeline S
Associate Professor & Head
Department of EEE
SNS College of Engineering
Coimbatore 641 107.

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 Energy Conservation

 Energy Conservation is the practice of decreasing the quantity of

energy use for the same quality and quantity of Output.
 It may be achieved through efficient use, in which case energy use is
decreased while achieving a similar outcome.
 Energy conservation also includes prevention of misuse of energy.

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 Why Energy Conservation is important?

Availability of Fossil Fuel

To make up the gap between demand and supply, new power plants have to be installed, which
requires capital and time.
To meet the growing demand, it has been assessed that additional generating capacity of 5 lakh
MW has to be added by 2030 requiring an investment of Rs. 40,00,000 crores approximately.
For Sustainable growth, energy resources is essential.
An alternative is Energy Conservation.
Energy Conservation measures can reduce power demand and prune building up of additional
generating capacity to the extent it can be conserved.

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 Energy Saving in Lighting System

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 Energy Saving in Lighting System

 Make maximum use of natural light (translucent sheets/more windows

and openings)
 Switch off when not required
 Modify lighting layout to meet the need
 Select light colors for interiors
 Provide timer switches / PV controls / photo sensors
 Provide lighting Transformer to operate at reduced voltage
 Install energy efficient lamps, luminaries and controls
 Clean translucent sheet and luminaries regularly

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 Use of OTS at Home

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 COMPARISON OF LIGHTING SYSTEM
Energy Efficiency Light Emitting Diodes Incandescent Compact Fluorescents
& Energy Costs (LEDs) Light Bulbs (CFLs)

Life Span (average) 50,000 hours 1,200 hours 8,000 hours

Watts of electricity used 6 - 8 watts 60 watts 13-15 watts

Units of Electricity used 329 KWh/yr. 3,285 KWh/yr. 767 KWh/yr.

(30 Incandescent Bulbs
per year equivalent)

Annual Operating Cost Rs 1,316/year Rs 13,140/year Rs 3,068/year

(30 Incandescent Bulbs
per year equivalent)

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 Energy Saving in Lighting for Industry
 Separate lighting Transformer
 To isolate from power feeder
 To avoid voltage fluctuation problem
 Energy saving at optimum voltage
 Install Servo stabilizer if separate transformer is not feasible
 Electronic ballast
 Energy savings 30 to 35%
 Less heat load into A/C room
 Metal halide in place of Mercury and SVL lamps
 CFT in place of incandescent lamps
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 Energy Saving in Fan

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 Energy Saving in Fan
 Fans are used extensively in summer months.
 Use of high efficiency fan motor and use of electronic regulator (in
place of conventional resistance regulator) can lead to about 20%
saving in energy.
 The fans with aerodynamic designs and improved impellers consume
about 20% less energy but are 30% costlier as compared to
conventional fans.

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 BLDC Fan vs Normal Fan

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 Energy Saving in Refrigerators

 The efficiency of refrigerators in India, is rather poor. A typical

165 litres Indian refrigerator consumes about 540 kWh per year.
Whereas on the other hand the 200 litres Korean model consumes
about 240 kWH per year.
 This refrigerators use a different compressor design which are
very sensitive to voltage of electric supply.
 Refrigerator Efficiency = Volume Cooled (ft 3) / Unit Electrical
Energy per day (kWh)
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 Energy Conservation in
Industries

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 Energy Conservation in Industry

Energy saving potential in different industrial equipment:

 Compressor
 Furnace
 Diesel Generating Set
 Motor
 Pump
 Refrigeration

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 Energy Saving in Motor
 The electric motors form the heart of the industries, out of the
total motors in operation 98% are Induction Motors.
Induction Motors consumes 70% of the total electrical energy
generated.
 Capacity (Power Rating) of Motor α Torque α V2
 Avoid usage of Oversized Motor, Rewound Motor and Less
Efficient Motor – Driven equipment

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 Oversized Motor

 Sizing of Motors plays a vital Role in Energy Efficiency. It is

very difficult to choose a right size of Motor in a single step
application.

 In any industry while designing the capacity of motor for a

particular application involves two/three stages. Over sizing
of motor is very common in typical industry

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 Rewound Motor

 Rewound Induction Motors are common in Indian Industries.

Especially, in Textiles, Paper industries and Un-organised
sectors such as small Flour mills, Lathe shop and Agricultural
farms. Induction Motors are used even after more than four
times rewound.
Reason for loss in efficiency Rewound Motors :
 Eddy Current loss – eddy current loss is proportional to the
square of the thickness of the lamination
 At the time motor coil burning the temperature of the winding
rises more than 400 C, this temperature will evaporate the
o

varnish insulation between lamination of both rotor and stator

this results in increase of eddy current loss
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 Less Efficient Motor-Driven Equipment

 Earlier for variable speed, welding application etc., Motor

Generator sets are used. This is the Energy Inefficient practice.
This offers a good scope to reduce energy consumption by using
the latest technology to meet the requirements
For example the recent method to get accurate variable speed
control can be achieved by using Thyristor drives which is the
ideal replacement for Ward Leonard drive. Similarly Motor
Generator set is used for welding application.
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 Energy Saving in Air
Compressors

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 Energy Saving in Air Compressor

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 Energy Saving in Air Compressor

 Reduce air compressor discharge pressure to the lowest

acceptable setting.(Reduction of 1 kg/cm air pressure (8 kg/cm
to 7 kg/cm') would result in 9% input power savings. This will
also reduce compressed air leakage rates by 10%).
 Minimize purges, leaks, excessive pressure drops, and
condensation accumulation (Compressed air leak from 1 mm
hole size at 7 kg/cm pressure would mean power loss
equivalent to 0.5 kW).
 Replace standard -belts with high-efficiency flat belts as the old
v-belts wear out. ( 3 - 5% more efficient).

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 Energy Saving in Air Compressor

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 Energy Saving in Air Compressor

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 Energy Saving in HVAC

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 Energy Saving in HVAC

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 Energy Saving in HVAC

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 Bureau of Energy Efficiency
(BEE)

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 Energy Saving in HVAC

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 Assessment

1. Why is SRM referred as Energy Efficient Motor?

Ans: ____________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________
2. Mention the need of position sensor for the SRM drive system.
Ans:____________________________________________________
3. Which technique is preferred for constant torque operation?
Ans: ____________________________________________________
4. How is SRM differs from Stepper Motor?
Ans: ____________________________________________________

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 References

1. Kothari, D.P., Nagrath, I.J., “Electric Machines”, McGraw Hill

Publishing Company Ltd, 5th Edition, 2017.

2. Murugesh Kumar, K., “Induction and Synchronous machines”, Vikas
Publishing House Private Ltd, 2016.

Thank You

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