LESSON 2:

Setting Goals for

Success
Success does not happen. It is not enough
to have goals or ambitions. Success is the
outcome of hard work and determination
that must be shaped over a long process.
Abraham Maslow and others have
pioneered studies on needs, goals, and
motivation.
The Importance of Goals
 A life without purpose is a wasted life. A
life without a goal is a pointless life. A
truly successful person finds his/her
purpose in life and does everything to
fulfill such purpose.
 Albert Bandura’s Theory of Self-efficacy
 Mastery experiences- refer to first-hand or direct
experiences that a person acquires.
 Vicarious experiences- emanate from observing people,
especially those that one regards as his/her role models.
 Verbal persuasion- refers to motivation coming from
influential people such as parents, teachers, friends,
etc.
 Carol Dweck’s Growth Mindset Theory
Carol Dweck introduced the idea of mindset which she
defined as the implicit theories that individuals hold
regarding the nature of intelligent behavior.

 Fixed Mindset- people believe that basic qualities

such as intelligence and talents are fixed traits
Edwin Locke’s Goal-setting Theory
Dr. Edwin Locke stressed that setting a goal provides a
significant source of motivation which, in turn, improves
people’s performance. In Locke’s goal setting theory, a goal
(or outcome) has two sides:
 Mastery Goals- where the desire to gain knowledge and
skills are reflected
 The Performance Goals- where the desire to look
competent in other people’s eyes is manifested.
 5 Principles of goal setting
1. Clarity
2. Challenge
3. Commitment
4. Feedback
5. Task Complexity
Julian Rotter’s Expectancy Theory
Rotter classified people’s locus of control:
 Internal locus of control- he/she believes that events are controlled by
his/her own efforts. People with this locus of control believe that their
achievements and the reinforcements they receive come from the
effort they make for themselves.
 External locus of control- he/she believes that events are determined
by external forces over which he/she has no control. When these
people succeed, they attribute their success to chance and luck.
Success
Success is all about achieving something as a product of one’s
initiative and effort. Success is the feeling of fulfillment of an aspiration
or desire.
King (2004) categorized success into:

1. Mental success 5. Financial success

2. Spiritual success 6. Social success
3. Personal success 7. Physical success
4. Career success 8. Family success