Design and Fabrication of Tractor Semi

Mounted Multi-crop Transplanter

By
K.Satya Venkatesh(191FA12005)
V.Yogeswar Rao(191FA12016)
Y.Sushma(191FA12020)
V.SivaKumar(201LA12004)
Under the guidance of
Mr.M.Lokesh
Assistant Professor
Applied Engineering
 Contents
• Introduction
• Review of Literature
• Objectives
• Materials and Methods
• Conclusion
• References
 INTRODUCTION

 A tractor semi mounted multicrop transplanter is implement that is attached to a tractor and
is used to plant seedlings.
 The implement is designed to place the seedlings into the ground at a specific spacing and
depth.
 This is an efficient way to plant large fields quickly and can save labor costs. The seedling
holder will biodegrade over time, leaving behind no waste.
 This process is also beneficial for seedling growth, as the seedling holder retain moisture
and protect the roots during transport and planting.
 Review of Literature
S.NO AUTHOR YEAR STUDY SIGNIFICANCE

1 Kaushik , 2019 Design and The transplanter itself is hand-pulled

Manohar V, development of paper manually operated machine. It can take
Niranjan , pot transplanting around 264 plants in the tray and put in
Purushotham machine the ground in less than 5 minutes i.e 33
seedlings in just 40 seconds.

2 Lokesh 2020 Design and A 15 hp mini tractor operated 4-row

Kumawat, Development of a automatic onion transplanter was
H. Raheman Tractor Drawn developed to transplant onion
Vikas Singh Automatic Onion seedlings.On the conveyor, paper pot
Transplanter chain was put and it conveyed the same to
the furrow opener through the seedling
delivery tubes after singulation using two
types of cutting units i.e. three rotary
cutters and a vertical blade.
 Review of Literature
S.NO AUTHOR YEAR STUDY SIGNIFICANCE

3 Dharmaraj M, 2020 Design Paper pot seedling transplanter has been

Mounesh K M, And Fabrication developed using hand tractor as power
Poovarasan R, Of Paper Pot source by Consists of different component
Rahul R Transplanter like handle, lever, hollow pipe, jaw and jaw
operating wire. The implement penetrates
into soil by its self-weight hold with handle,
seedling is dropped into hollow pipe then the
jaw opened with lever.

4 Jignesh, 2021 Automatic The Automatic Paper Pot Transplanting

Adars, transplanting machine Machineis distinctive equipment in the field
Shalini gupta, of agriculture and mechanical. It uses the
Dhruvin Mistry paper chain pots for transplanting the crops
or seeds. A single set of paper chain pot
contains 264 paper pots; all can be planted in
less than a minute.
 Objectives

To design a transplanter that utilizes paper cups as a medium for holding and
protecting young seedlings.
To fabricate a semi-mounted transplanter that can be operated using a tractor.
Materials and Methods:
Following materials were used to manufacture
 Main frame: Mild steel hallow square pipe 3mm thickness
 3point hitch connecters: Mild steel rectangular bar of 10mm thickness
 Individual planter: GI sheet 2mm
 Seedling tray: GI sheet 2mm
 Shovel: low alloy steel 4mm
 Furrow closers: Cast iron sheet 4mm
 C-clamp: Cast iron sheet 2mm
Main frame:
Mild steel hallow square pipe:
Mild steel, also known as low carbon steel, is a type of carbon steel that contains a low amount of carbon
(typically less than 0.3%).

Tensile strength: Mild steel hollow square pipes have a high tensile strength, ranging from 400 to 550
MPa, depending on the grade and thickness of the steel.

Yield strength: The yield strength of mild steel hollow square pipes is typically around 250 MPa.
Ductility: Mild steel hollow square pipes exhibit good ductility, which means they can be easily bent or
formed without cracking.

Machinability: Mild steel hollow square pipes are easy to machine, drill, and cut using standard tools and equipment.
 Three Point Hitch connecters
Mild steel rectangular bar

Tensile Strength: Mild steel rectangular bars have a high tensile strength, ranging from 400 to
550 MPa, depending on the grade and thickness of the steel.

Ductility: Mild steel rectangular bars exhibit good ductility, allowing them to be easily bent or formed
without cracking.

Machinability: Mild steel rectangular bars are easy to machine, drill, and cut using standard
tools and equipment.

Corrosion Resistance: Like other mild steel products, mild steel rectangular bars are
 Individual planter & Seedling tray:

Properties of GI:
Galvanized iron, also known as galvanized steel, is a type of iron or steel that has been coated with a layer of
zinc through a process called galvanization.

Corrosion resistance: Galvanized iron has excellent corrosion resistance due to the protective zinc
coating.

Durability: The zinc coating on galvanized iron enhances its durability. It provides a barrier against moisture
and other environmental factors, extending the lifespan of the underlying iron or steel.

Strength: Galvanized iron maintains the strength of the underlying iron or steel. The galvanization process
does not weaken the material but adds a protective layer, allowing the iron or steel to retain its structural
integrity.
Shovel
Properties of low alloy steel:
Low alloy steel is a type of steel that contains a small amount of alloying elements (typically
less than 5%) in addition to carbon and iron.
Strength: Low alloy steels generally have higher strength compared to plain carbon steels.
The addition of alloying elements, such as manganese, chromium, nickel, or molybdenum,
enhances the strength of the steel, allowing it to withstand higher loads and pressures.
Toughness: Low alloy steels often exhibit good toughness, which refers to their ability to
absorb energy and deform without fracturing.
Hardenability: Low alloy steels can be subjected to heat treatment processes, such as
quenching and tempering, to achieve specific hardness and mechanical properties.
Corrosion resistance: Certain alloying elements, such as chromium, copper, and nickel, can
enhance the corrosion resistance of low alloy steels.
C-clamp & Furrow closers

Properties of Cast iron:

High Strength: Cast iron is known for its exceptional strength and rigidity, making it
suitable for applications that require structural integrity and load-bearing capacity.
High Compression Strength: Cast iron exhibits excellent resistance to compression
forces, making it ideal for applications where the material needs to withstand heavy loads
or pressure.
Corrosion Resistance: Cast iron has reasonable corrosion resistance, but it is not as
resistant as materials like stainless steel. Cast iron is susceptible to rust and may require
protective coatings or regular maintenance to prevent corrosion in certain environments.
 Design Computation of the Multi-crop transplanter

• The machine was designed using an Autodesk tool.

• In order to obtain a reliable machine, the strength and stability of
construction materials were of utmost importance so as to meet up
with the required standard for efficient performance.
• The design parameters considered were shovel depth, power
requirement.
Cad Design

Fig (1): Inclined view

Fig (2): Left view

Fig (3): Bottom view

Fig (4): Right view
Fig (5): Left view
 DIMENSIONS
S. No Component Dimensions
1 Frame 915*1905*2108
2 3point hitch connecters 50*204

3 Individual planter 1320*305

4 Shovel 110*80
5 Furrow closers 152*50
6 C-clamp 50*50*50
7 Seedling tray 508*305
DESCRIPTION

Base of the transplanter

The foundation of the machine that offers help and soundness for the different parts of
the machine. It is normally made of galvanised iron.

Seedling holders
With smoothing out the most common way of establishing crops in limited scope
cultivating activity.

Shovel
The shovels used to make openings in the soil for the paper pots to be embedded into the
soil. It is connected to the lower part of the transplanter outline and is utilized to make a
furrow in the soil as the transplanter is pushed forward.
Seedling holder
• A seedling holder transplanter is a specialized machine used to transplant
seedling holder seedlings in the field.
• A common seedling holder transplanter comprises.
• A seedling tray like a shed roof on which mat type seedling holder
nursery is set. These little seedling holders are actually loops of paper
attached into a chain that looks similar to a honeycomb.
• The seedling holders unchain as you move the transplanter,
feeding themselves through the transplanter.​
 WORKING

 The transplanter works by first filling seedling holder with soil and seedlings.
 The seedling holder are then placed in trays that are loaded onto the transplanter. At the start of a
row, the lead cell of a seed holder chain are pulled down into the furrow, staked to hold it in
place, and then pull the transplanter forward.
 The transplanter all will follow each other into the ground.
 A shovel is facilitated beneath the transplanter to dig the soil upto a certain depth.

 There is a furrower in the front that makes a trough, the plants are fed through a channel to drop
into trough.

 There are two wings or metal flanges at the end that push the soil back around the plants.
Advantages of tractor-operated semi-mounted transplanters

• Increased efficiency and speed compared to manual planting

• Reduced labor costs
• Greater precision and uniformity in planting
• Chain pot is made by paper only, so it can supply air and water equally to a root. It is easy
to make healthy seedling.
• Creating optimal conditions for germination and eliminating several weeks of weed
management in the field.
• The paper pot can be used for different crops.
Design considerations:
Total height = 36 inches or 915mm

Total width(W1) equipment = 75 inches or 1905mm

Total length (L1) equipment = 83 inches or 2108mm

Length of the tray (L2) = 508mm or 20 inches

Width of the tray (W2) = 305mm or 12 inches

Height of the tray (H2) = 25.4mm or 1 inch

Diameter of the cup = 50mm or 2 inches

No.of cups per each tray = or (

(N1) = 6

Plant to plant distance (P) = 254mm or 10 inches

Row to row distance (R) = 610mm or 24 inches

Length covered each cup covers (l) = 50mm or 2 inches

Total length covered by one tray (L3) = N1(l) + n1(P)

(L3) = 60

= 18240 mm
Total area covered by one tray in each planter = L3 W1

=18240

= 34747200

Total no.of trays required in 1 acre N2 =

No.of plants required per acre (N3) = 117 = 7020 plants

Average speed required for transplantation = 7 = 1944.44

Transplantation time per one tray in each planter :

1944.4 =

t1 =
Let us consider

Time required to load one tray is 30 sec

For three trays (t2) = 90sec

Assume the 1 acre as square feet

No.of turns (n4) = 34

Time taken to turn (t3) = 20 sec

Total time required for transplantation per acre = n2(t1 + t2) + n4

=117 (9.38+90) + 34

=12307.46 sec

=3.42 hr
 Fabrication
• Fabrication involves a process of building implement, ​structures and other equipment’s by
deploying various ​process and operations like cutting, forming, setup, full ​welding and
assembling components made from raw ​material.​
• . The necessary GI material is cut down for the required dimension.
• The base parts are welded using arc welding machine​.
• The raw material sheet is bended to form the main body of the transplanter.
• The furrow opener are first cut into required shape and welded beneath the transplanter.
 Fig (3): Fabrication of tray

Fig (1):Welding Fig (2):Cutting

 (4b)
(4a)

Fig (4 a, b):Fabrication of individual planter

(5a)

Fig (5 a, b): Fully fabricated equipment (5b)

Performance Evaluation
Effective field Capacity (ha/hr) =

= 0.1183 ha/hr

field Capacity (ha/hr) = width of operation(m) × speed of operation(km/hr)

= 1.905 × 7

= 13.3 ha/hr
Field Efficiency = × 100

=0.8894× 100

=88.94%
 References

Dharmaraj M, Mounesh K M, Poovarasan R, Rahul 2020. “Design And Fabrication of Paper

Pot Transplanter”, International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research Volume 9, Issue
01.

Kumar GP, Raheman H ,2011.Development of a walk behind type hand tractor powered
vegetable transplanter for paper pot seedlings. Bio systems Engineering. ;189-97.

Nikhade JS.,2001.Development of optimum parameters of covering wheel for

mechanical transplanter.

Zamani DB.2014 Development and field evaluation of a vegetable

transplanter. International Journal of Technical Research and Applications. ; 2(6):40-46.
THANK YOU