Digestive System

-BY VEDANSH GUPTA

CLASS 7C
 What is Digestion?
 The breakdown of food (Complex Substance) into Glucose (Simple Substance).

Food
(Simple
(Complex Digestion
Substance)
Substance)
 What is the Digestive system?
 The Digestive System is an Organ System present in our body that helps in Digesting
food.
 It also known as Alimentary Canal(Digestive Tract).
 It starts at the Buccal Cavity and ends at the Anus.
 It can be divided into different parts, such as:
1. The Buccal Cavity
2. The Oesophagus (Food Pipe)
3. The Stomach
4. The Small Intestine
5. The Large Intestine ending at the rectum
6. The Anus
 The Buccal Cavity
 The food is taken in through the Buccal Cavity.
 The process of taking food into the body is
called Ingestion.
Molars
 Here, we chew our food to break it into smaller

The four types

pieces with the help of teeth.
Pre-Molars

of Teeth
 There are four types of Teeth.
 Starch is broken here with the help of Saliva.
 Saliva is secreted from Salivary Glands. Canines

Incisors
 Teeth
 There are 32 teeth in total, 16 in each jaw.
 Incisors are in the front used to cut and bite.
There are 4 in each jaw.
 Canines are beside the incisors and are used
to tear and pierce. There are 2 in each jaw.
 Pre-Molars are behind the canines and are
used to chew and grind depending on the
softness. There are 4 in total.
 Molars are at the back used to chew and
grind depending on the hardness. There are 6
in each jaw.
 The Oesophagus
 After the food is chewed it is pushed down
the Oesophagus.
 Peristalsis movement is the slow-wave like
movement taking place in the Alimentary
Canal.
 This movement occurs due to the contraction
and repulsion of muscles on the wall.
 This movement enables the food to be
pushed down.
 The Stomach
 The Stomach is the muscular-bag like structure
present in the Alimentary Canal.
 It is the widest part in the alimentary Canal.
 The inner lining of the stomach secretes mucous,
hydrochloric acid and digestive juices.
 The Mucous protects the lining of the stomach.
 The acid kills many bacteria that enter along
with the food and makes the medium in The
Stomach acidic and helps the digestive juices to
act.
 The Digestive juices break down the proteins
into simpler substances.
 The Small Intestine
 A long tube-like organ that connects the
stomach and the large intestine.
 It is about 7.5 metres long and folds
many times to fit inside the abdomen.
 It helps to further digest food coming
from the stomach.
 Liver
 The liver is a reddish brown gland
situated in the upper part of the
abdomen on the right side.
 It is the largest gland in the body.
 It secretes bile juice that is stored in a
sac called the gall bladder.
 The bile plays an important role in the
digestion of fats.
 Pancreas
 The pancreas is a large cream coloured
gland located just below the stomach.
 The pancreatic juice acts on
carbohydrates, fats and proteins and
changes them into simpler forms.
 Before Absorption
 The partly digested food now reaches the lower part of the small intestine where the
intestinal juice completes the digestion of all components of the food.
 The carbohydrates get broken into simple sugars such as glucose, fats into fatty acids
and glycerol, and proteins into amino acids.
 Absorption In The Small Intestine
 The digested food can now pass into the blood vessels in the
wall of the intestine. This process is called absorption.
 The inner walls of the small intestine have thousands of finger-
like outgrowths called villi (singular villus).
 The villi increase the surface area for absorption of the
digested food. Each villus has a network of thin and small
blood vessels close to its surface.
 The surface of the villi absorbs the digested food materials.
The absorbed substances are transported via the blood vessels
to different organs of the body where they are used to build
complex substances such as the proteins required by the body.
This is called assimilation.
 In the cells, glucose breaks down with the help of oxygen into
carbon dioxide and water, and energy is released. The food that
remains undigested and unabsorbed enters into the large
intestine.
 The Large Intestine
 The large intestine is wider and shorter
than small intestine. It is about 1.5 metre
in length.
 Its function is to absorb water and some
salts from the undigested food material.
 The remaining waste passes into the
rectum and remains there as semi-solid
faeces.
 The faecal matter is removed through
the anus from time-to-time. This is
called egestion.
Thank You