The Modern Periodic Table- In the modern periodic table, elements are

arranged by increasing atomic number (number of protons)

Dimitri Mendeleev: Russian scientist organized elements
according to their atomic mass and properties
oDeveloped a chart with columns
and rows

o Columns called family or group

oFamilies contained elements

with similar properties

oEach row is called period

oLeft to right across a

period elements increase
in atomic mass

o Mendeleev believed there

were more elements that would
be added and left places in his
chart empty
MODERN PERIODIC Law:- the properties of elements are
periodic functions of their atomic number
Periodic table lists 118 element.

The horizontal rows of the periodic table are

called PERIODS.

The vertical columns of the periodic table are

called GROUPS, or FAMILIES.

The elements in any group of the periodic table have

similar physical and chemical properties!
Periods :- There are 7 periods of elements as follows :-

•First period has 2 elements H and He called very short period.

•Second period has 8 elements Li to Ne called short period.

•Third period has 8 elements Na to Ar called short period.

•Fourth period has 18 elements K to Kr called long period.

•Fifth period has 18 elements Rb to Xe called long period.

•Sixth period has 32 elements Cs to Rn called very long period.

•Seventh period has 28 elements from Fr to atomic number 114

called incomplete period.

•14 elements each of the sixth and seventh periods are placed
•separately at the bottom of the table.
•The 14 elements of the sixth period from La to Lu are called
•Lanthanides and the 14 elements of the seventh period from Ac to
Lr are called Actinides.
Groups :-

There are 18 groups of elements divided into 9 main groups. They are I,
II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and 0 groups. The groups I to VII has
two sub groups each called A – sub group and B – sub group. Group VIII
has 3 rows of elements and 0 group has one row of elements.
The A sub group elements are called normal elements.
The B sub group elements are called transition elements.
Lanthanides and Actinides are called inner transition elements.

Group 1 (I A ) elements are called alkali metals

Group 2 (II A) elements are called alkaline earth metals.
Group 16(VI A) elements are called chalcogens
Group 17 (VII A) elements are called halogens.
Group 18 (0 group) are called noble gases.

In a group all the elements have the same number of valence

electrons. Group I elements have 1 valence electron, Group II elements
have 2 valence electron, Group III elements have 3 valence electrons
etc.
In a period all the elements contain the same number of shells.
Classification based on electronic configuration:

Modern periodic table is divided in four blocks :–

 s-block:-The elements of Group 1 and Group 2 of the modern periodic table
are called S-block elements. These elements contain 1 or 2 electrons in
their outermost shell. All these elements are metals. They are called as
normal elements. The principal quantum number “n” fills the s orbital.

S-block elements having only one electron in their s-orbital are called group
one or alkali metals, whereas the s block elements having two electrons filling
their s-orbital are called group two or alkaline earth metals.

The general electronic configuration of s-block element is ns1-2

p-block:-The p-block contains groups 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18, with the
exception of Helium. (Helium is part of the s block.) The principal quantum
number “n” fills the p orbital. There is a maximum of six electrons that can
occupy the p orbital.

The general electronic configuration of s-block element is ns2 np 1-6

d-block:-i) It include groups 3 to 12.ii) These elements are called
as transition elements.iii) They have two outermost shell
incomplete.iv) All these elements are metals.

f-block :-i)They are present at the bottom of the periodic table in

two series i.e. lanthanides and actinides.ii)These elements are
called as inner transition elements.iii) They have three outermost
shell incomplete.iv) All these elements are metals.