BELL WORK 2.7.

23

•NAME 3 ORGANELLES IN
AN ANIMAL CELL
 THE CELL
CELL THEORY, CELL ORGANELLES, CELLULAR DIVISION AND
REPRODUCTION
DAWKINS
NHMS
 HISTORY OF CELL DISCOVERY

• ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK-(DUTCH 1600’S) 1ST SIMPLE MICROSCOPE

• ROBERT HOOKE – (1665) CAME UP WITH THE NAME “CELL”
• MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN- (1830’S) ALL PLANTS ARE MADE OF CELLS
• THEODOR SCHWANN – (1830’S) ALL ANIMALS ARE MADE OF CELLS
• RUDOLF VIRCHOW - (MID 1800’S) ALL CELLS COME FROM OTHER CELLS
Leeuwenhoek Hooke Schleiden

Schwann Virchow
 THE CELL THEORY

• ALL ORGANISMS ARE MADE UP OF ONE OR MORE

CELLS

• THE CELL IS THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE

• ALL CELLS COME FROM OTHER CELLS

 CELL ORGANELLES

• CELL WALLS – ONLY IN PLANTS, ALGAE, FUNGI AND MOST BACTERIA- GIVES THEM
SHAPE
• CELL MEMBRANES- PROTECTIVE LAYER AROUND EVERY CELL- GATE KEEPER
• CYTOPLASM – GELATINLIKE, FILLS THE INSIDE OF CELL-
• RIBOSOMES-MAKE PROTEINS (FOUND FREELY FLOATING IN CYTOPLASM AND ER)
• NUCLEUS- CONTROL CENTER OF CELL-WHERE YOU FIND DNA
• CHLOROPLAST- ONLY IN PLANTS-CONTAIN CHLOROPHYLL, GREEN, MAKES ENERGY
• MITOCHONDRIA- RELEASES ENERGY, POWERHOUSE
• ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM- PROCESSES IMPORTANT PARTICLES IN AND OUT CELL.
FEDEX
• GOLGI BODIES- SORT AND PACKAGE IMPORTANT SUBSTANCES. WAREHOUSE OF THE
CELL
• VACUOLES- STORES MATERIAL IN CELLS. LARGER IN PLANT CELLS
• LYSOSOMES – DIGESTIVE ORGANELLE THAT ABSORBS WASTE AND PATHOGENS
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
CELL DIVISION AND REPRODUCTION

• MITOSIS – WHEN A CELL REPRODUCES AND DIVIDED

TO FORM TWO IDENTICAL CELLS
• MEIOSIS – FORMATION OF GAMETES (REPRODUCTIVE
CELLS) WHICH HAS ½ THE GENETIC MATERIAL AS THE
ORIGINAL CELL
 CELL DIVISION ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY

• CHROMOSOME – IN THE NUCLEUS, MADE UP OF LONG

STRANDS OF DNA WRAPPED AROUND PROTEINS LIKE A
SPOOL OF THREAD. THEN WOUND TOGETHER IN A
SPIRAL.
• CHROMATID – ½ OF A CHROMOSOME
• NUCLEOLUS – THE CENTER OF THE NUCLEUS DURING
CELL DIVISION
MITOSIS
INTERPHASE – BEFORE MITOSIS BEGINS, A
COMPLETE COPY OF ALL THE
CHROMOSOMES ARE MADE.
PROPHASE – CENTRIOLES MOVE TO EACH
SIDE OF THE CELL AND THE CHROMATIDS
ARE NOW VISIBLE
METAPHASE – CHROMATID PAIRS LINE UP
IN THE CENTER OF THE NUCLEUS.
ANAPHASE – CHROMATIDS SEPARATE INTO
TWO GROUPS
TELOPHASE – CYTOPLASM SEPARATES AND
TWO NEW CELLS ARE FORMED
STARTS WITH ONE DIPLOID (23 PAIR) CELL
ENDS WITH TWO DIPLOID, IDENTICAL
DAUGHTER CELLS
INTERPHASE
PROPHASE
METAPHASE
ANAPHASE
TELOPHASE
 MEIOSIS
INTERPHASE – SAME AS MITOSIS
METAPHASE 1- TELOPHASE 1 –
CREATES TWO HAPLOID (1/2 OF
NORMAL GENETIC MATERIAL)
DAUGHTER CELLS – THEY HAVE THE
SAME AMOUNT OF GENETIC
MATERIAL AS A DAUGHTER CELL IN
MITOSIS BUT THEY ARE NOT PAIRED
COMPLETELY.
NO 2ND INTERPHASE
METAPHASE 2  TELOPHASE 2 JUST
LIKE MITOSIS.
ENDS WITH 4 HAPLOID DAUGHTER
CELLS WITH ONLY 23
CHROMOSOMES TOTAL.
CROSSING-
OVER
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
• GENETIC INFORMATION FROM ONLY ONE ORGANISM PRODUCES OFFSPRING
• OFFSPRING ARE GENETICALLY IDENTICAL TO ORIGINAL ORGANISM
 TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

• 1. BINARY FISSION – ONE ORGANISM SPLITTING

INTO TWO
• 2. SPORES – TINY STRUCTURES CONTAINING
PARENT DNA DEVELOPS INTO NEW ORGANISM
• 3. BUDDING – GROWING AN “APPENDAGE” THAT
FALLS OFF AND BECOMES NEW ORGANISM
• 4. VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION – NEW PLANT
GROWING OUT OF A PORTION OF THE ORIGINAL
(POTATO EYES, PLANT CUTTINGS)
EXIT SLIP 2.7.23

•NAME THREE DIFFERENCES

BETWEEN PLANT AND
ANIMAL CELLS