REVIEW OF RELATED CHAPTER II

LITERATURE
RECAP
 OBJECTIVES
1. Synthesizes information from relevant literature
(CS_RS11-If-j-3)
2. Writes coherent review of literature (CS_RS11-If-j-4)
Enumerate and discuss the different kinds of literature review
Identify the types of definition of terms
3. Follows ethical standards in writing related literature
(CS_RS11-If-j-5)
 4. Presents written review of literature ,
(CS_RS11-If-j-6)
RECAP
 ACTIVITY 2. WRITE THE
PROPER IN TEXT CITATIONS
OF THE FOLLOWING: (APA
1. Safran, J.D., & Muran, J.C. (2000). Negotiating the therapeutic
STYLE)
alliance: A relational treatment guide. New York, NY: Guilford Press
In text citation: ____________________________

2. Engberg, M.,Dugan, J.P., Haworth, J., Williams, T., Kelly, B., Johnson.,
Stewart, S. (2009). Navigating the complexity of higher education in
preparation program administration. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
In text citation: ____________________________
3. Chicago Community Policing Evaluation Consortium. (2000).
Community policing in Chicago, year seven: An interim report.
Chicago, IL: Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority.
In text citation: ____________________________
4. Springhouse Corporation. (2002). Assessment made incredibly easy.
Springhouse, California: Author
In text citation: ____________________________
5. Reid, J.,Gil, E.,& Padilla, D. (2016). Aligning preschool through high
school social and emotional learning standards: A critical and doable
next step. Chicago, IL: Collaborative for Academic, Social and Emotion
Learning. Retrieved from https://fgbvsofhqlfk.pdf
In text citation: ____________________________
ANSWERS:
1. (Safran & Muran, 2000)
2. (Engberg et al., 2009)
3. (Chicago Community Policing Evaluation
Consortium, 2000)
4. (Springhouse Corporation, 2002)
5. (Reid, Gil, & Padilla, 2016)
 REVIEW
In-text citation – way of citing sources inside the body of
the research manuscript.
 Referencing style – represent the complete information
of each source that you use in research manuscript.
 WRITING LIKE A
RESEARCHER….
1. Using a direct quote – if you want to use the exact words of the source
you want to cite. *You should not overuse direct quotes.
*Need to put quotation marks, not longer that 20 words
* You should use no more than three direct quotes per page

Example: Wa-Mbaleka (2018) states that “one of the ways

to make a manuscript readable is to subdivide the
literature review into clear subsections” (p.65) because
such practice helps the readers easily see a clear structure
of the paper.
 WRITING LIKE A
RESEARCHER….
2. Paraphrasing – used to synthesize in your own words
what you read from a source. This method of presenting
other people’s ideas is preferred in research.
Example: One of the best ways to organize a review of the
literature is to have a clear structure with different sections
(Wa-Mbaleka, 2018).
 WRITING LIKE A
RESEARCHER….
3. Comparison – it is important to indicate where different
sources stated the same thing. *finding similarities between
different sources.
Example: Both Lune and Berg (2017), and Wa-Mbaleka
(2018) emphasize the importance of presenting a thorough
review of the literature in qualitative research.
WRITING LIKE A
RESEARCHER….
4. Contrast – state how two or more sources are
different
Example: While Denzin and Lincoln (2011) emphasize
the importance of using solely qualitative research
concepts in research papers, Yin (2014) sometimes uses
quantitative research concepts such as validity and
reliability.
 WRITING LIKE A
RESEARCHER….
5. Critical analysis – stating why the argument presented in a source is
not well supported. Analyzing and citing the flaws and weaknesses in the
research that other people did before.

Example: Although the study conducted by Krashen (1989) claimed that

people can learn second language vocabulary only by reading, there is some
doubt about his claim. In this study, he asked students to watch video clip
related to the same topic. This viewing may have pushed the research
participants to check the meaning of the unknown words in the dictionary.
This approach sheds some doubt about his claim that people can learn second
language vocabulary solely by reading.
ACTIVITY 2: MATCHING TYPE
Contextual review
Historical review
Methodological review
Self-review
Theoretical review
1. A common type of review in which the author presents and
summarizes the current state of knowledge on a topic, emphasizing
agreements and disagreements within it.
2. A common type of review in which the author links a specific
study to a larger body of knowledge. It situates a study within a
broader framework.
3. A specialized review in which the author traces an issue over
time. It can be merged with a theoretical or methodological review
to show how a concept, theory, or research method developed over
time.
4. A review in which an author demonstrates his or her familiarity
with a subject area. It is often part of an educational program or
course requirement.
5. A specialized type of integrative review in which the author
compares and evaluates the relative methodological strength of
various studies and shows how different methodologies account
for different results.
6. A specialized review in which the author presents several
theories or concepts focused on the same topic and compares
them on the basis of assumptions, logical consistency, and scope
of explanation.
SIX TYPES OF LITERATURE
REVIEWS
1. Context review A common type of
review in which the
author links a specific
study to a larger body
of knowledge. It
situates a study within
a broader framework.
SIX TYPES OF LITERATURE
REVIEWS
2. Historical review A specialized review in
which the author traces an
issue over time. It can be
merged with a theoretical
or methodological review
to show how a concept,
theory, or research method
developed over time.
SIX TYPES OF LITERATURE
REVIEWS
3. Integrative review A common type of
review in which the
author presents and
summarizes the current
state of knowledge on a
topic, emphasizing
agreements and
disagreements within it.
SIX TYPES OF LITERATURE
REVIEWS
4. Methodological review A specialized type of
integrative review in which the
author compares and evaluates
the relative methodological
strength of various studies and
shows how different
methodologies account for
different results.
SIX TYPES OF LITERATURE
REVIEWS
5. Self-study review A review in which an
author demonstrates his
or her familiarity with a
subject area. It is often
part of an educational
program or course
requirement.
SIX TYPES OF LITERATURE
REVIEWS
6. Theoretical review A specialized review in
which the author presents
several theories or concepts
focused on the same topic
and compares them on the
basis of assumptions,
logical consistency, and
scope of explanation.
PARTS OF REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE IN PARAGRAPH 2
(BODY)
1. Legal Basis
2. Related Literature
3. Related studies
 LEGAL BASIS
 determines the relevance of the study to the government’s thrusts.
examples: circulars, orders, memoranda, etc.
Example: “Utilization and Commercialization of Milkfish Bones
into Luncheon Meat”
-Legal basis: Republic Act No. 9003 known as National Solid
Waste Management as National Solid Waste Management Act of
1999.
RELATED LITERATURE
Written works (facts & principles) collectively
 Any written materials published in a book,
journal, magazine, novel, poetry, yearbook and
Encyclopedia
Chronological order
 EXAMPLE:
Title: Seaweed Puto with and without Moringa oleifera:Its
Acceptability, Saleability, and Profitability
Literature 1: On Sept. 16, 2007, seaweed puto of Calmorin has
been featured at the Philippine Star entitled “Puto, Anyone?”. The
article written by Rudy A. Fernandez stated that puto is another
new product developed through research by Dean Laurentina
Paler-Calmorin…..
 RELATED STUDY
Published and unpublished related studies which has
a direct bearing on the present study.

Example: Puto with seaweed studies

 II. FRAMEWORK
2 kinds of Framework:

Theoretical Conceptual
framework framework
• Structure that can hold or support a
theory of a research study.
• presents specific and well-
• Introduces and describes the theory that defined concepts which are
explains why the research problem called constructs.
under study exists. • Its function is similar to the
• Uses facts or laws, variables and their theoretical framework.
relations to explain and predict how an
observed phenomenon exists and
operates.
ILLUSTRATION 1.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Health Promotion Lively Later
Occupational Therapy
and education Life
Programme
(3LP)

Social Cognitive
Theory
 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Conceptual definition – based on concepts and are taken
from dictionaries, encyclopedia, and published journals and
books.
2. Operational definition – based on observable characteristics
and how it is used in the study.
ACTIVITY 3. PAIR ACTIVITY
 ORGANIZING AND OUTLINING
AN RRL: EXAMPLE NO. 1
Title: A Compendium and Analysis of Specialized Online
Gaming Terms
RRL Outline:
The Interface of Communication, Language and Technology
The Online Gaming Scene: History, Nature and Elements
Researches Related to Online Gaming and Gaming
Terminologies
 ORGANIZING AND OUTLINING
AN RRL: EXAMPLE NO. 2
Title: A Customer Satisfaction Survey Among Selected
Clients of McDonald’s Tacloban
RRL Outline:
Defining Fast-Food Restaurants
A Brief History of Fast-Food Restaurants
McDonald’s Corporation
Philippine Fast-Food Restaurants Today
 ORGANIZING AND OUTLINING
AN RRL: EXAMPLE NO. 3
Title: An Analysis of School Papers Among Tertiary-
Level Academic Institutions in Tacloban City and Palo,
Leyte, AY 2014-15
RRL Outline:
The Nature and Elements of Press Freedom
Journalism as Theory and Practice
Campus Journalism in the Philippines
Journalism-Related Researches in the Philippines
What did you learn today?
QUIZ
1. Engberg, M.,Dugan, J.P., Haworth, J., Williams, T., Kelly, B., Johnson., Stewart,
S. (2009). Navigating the complexity of higher education in preparation program
administration. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
In text citation: Engberg,Dugan,Williams,Kelly,Johnson, & Stewart (2009).
2. Related studies determines the relevance of the study to the government’s thrusts.
3. Related studies are collective written works like poems, journals, etc.
4. Operational definition – based on concepts and are taken from dictionaries,
encyclopedia, and published journals and books.
5. Conceptual definition – based on observable characteristics and how it is used in
the study.
6-11. Give the 6 types of literature review
12-14. Give the 3 parts of the body in RRL