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SRI KRISHNA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION)
KOVAIPUDUR, COIMBATORE-641042

DEPARTMENT OF CSE

COURSE CODE : 22IT402

COURSE TITLE : Networking and Communication

FACULTY NAME : Ms.P.Preethi

ACADEMIC YEAR : 2023 - 2024 (Even Semester)

Module 3 – Transport Layer and Application Layer

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Module 3: TRANSPORT LAYER AND APPLICATION LAYER

UDP, TCP, Connection establishment and termination, sliding window
revisited, flow and congestion control, timers, retransmission, Socket
Programming. Application Layer: DNS, E-Mail -SMTP, MIME, POP3, IMAP,
FTP, HTTP, WWW, Design issues in protocols at different layers.

Course Outcomes
CO3 Analyze the requirements for a given organizational structure and select AN
the most appropriate networking architecture and routing technologies.

CO4 Construct Routers and Switches for efficient Data Transfer

AP
CO5 Understand the application layer protocols and also the use of network U
security. 2

CO6 Ability to analyze the connection establishment and termination process

2
in
AP
transport layer

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Module 3 - TRANSPORT LAYER AND APPLICATION LAYER

3.1 Transport Layer: UDP

TCP, Connection establishment and termination, sliding
3.2
window revisited

3.3 Flow and congestion control, timers, retransmission

3.4 Socket Programming

3.5 Application Layer: DNS

3.6 E-Mail -SMTP, MIME, POP3, IMAP

3.7 FTP, HTTP,WWW

3.8 Design issues in protocols at different layers.

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APPLICATION LAYER

The Application layer provides services to the user.

Communication is provided using a logical connection, which

means that the two application layers assume that there is an
imaginary direct communication through which they can send
and receive messages.

It is the closest layer to the end user- they can interact with
software applications. The application layer programs are
based on clients and servers.

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Services of Application layer

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DOMAIN NAME SYSTEMS

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EXAMPLE OF USING DNS SERVICE

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PURPOSE OF DNS

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NAME SPACE

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DOMAIN NAMESPACE

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Each node in a tree has a label , which is a string of 63 character. The root label
is a null string.

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LABEL

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DOMAIN NAME

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DISTRIBUTION OF NAMESPACE

The information contained in the domain name space must be

stored. However, it is very inefficient and also unreliable to
have just one computer store such a huge amount of
information.

The following topics are discussed to study the hierarchy of

name servers:

 Zone
 Root servers
 Primary and secondary servers.

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HIERARCHY OF NAME SERVERS

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HIERARCHIAL NAME SPACE

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ZONE

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ROOT SERVER

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DNS DEFINES TWO TYPES OF SERVERS

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DNS IN THE INTERNET

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GENERIC DOMAINS

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COUNTRY DOMAIN

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INVERSE DOMAIN

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DOMAIN NAMING HIERARCHY

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RESOLUTION

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Module 3 – Transport Layer and Application Layer

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ITERATIVE RESOLUTION

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CACHING

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RESOURCE RECORDS

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