GLOBAL POSITIONING

SYSTEM
(GPS)
 CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION

 FOUR PRIMARY FUNCTION OF GPS

 SEGMENTS OF GPS.

 WORKING

 ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE

 APPLICATION
 INTRODUCTION
 The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-
based Navigation system GPS is the shortened
form of NAVSTAR GPS.

 This is an acronym for Navigation System with

Time And Ranging Global Positioning System.

 GPS uses constellation of 24 satellites to determine

the accurate three- dimensional position of the
user on the earth.

 It is maintained by the United States government

and is freely accessible to anyone with a GPS
receiver.
FOUR PRIMARY FUNCTION OF GPS

 Position and Co-ordinates.

 The Distance and direction between any two waypoints,

or a position and a waypoint.

 Travel progress report.

 Accurate time measurements.

The GPS consists of three segments
:
 Space Segment: the GPS satellites

 Control Segment, operated by the U.S.

military.

 User Segment, which includes both

military and civilian users and their
GPS equipment.
WORKING PRINCIPLES
Based on the location of the satellite in space as reference points and
satellite measurements from four satellites and geometric principles
to calculate positions on earth.
 INFORMATION IN A GPS SIGNAL

 The GPS signal contains mainly two types of data, they are:
 Ephemeris data
 Almanac data

Ephemeris data is constantly transmitted by each satellite and contains

important information such as status of the satellite (healthy or unhealthy),
current date, and time. This part of the signal is essential to determining a
position

Almanac data tells the GPS receiver where each GPS satellite should be at any
time throughout the day. Each satellite transmits almanac data showing the
orbital information of that satellite
 HOW GPS WORKS

 GPS uses technique of "triangulation" to find location.

 To "triangulate," a GPS receiver measures distance from the satellite
using the travel time of radio signals.
 To measure travel time, GPS needs very accurate timing, which is
provided by atomic clocks used in the satellites.
 Along with distance, we need to know exactly where the satellites are in
space. This information is obtained by Almanac data transmitted by
satellites.
 Finally we must correct for any delays the signal experiences as it
travels through the atmosphere.
 To compute a positions in three dimensions. We need to have four
satellite measurements. The GPS uses a trigonometric approach to
calculate the positions
ADVANTAGE

 Gps work in all weather so you need not worry of climate as in other
navigating system the most attractive feature of this system is its 100%
coverage on the planet.
 due to its low cost it is very easy integrate into other technologies like
cell phone
 ease of navigation (i.e) gives exact latitude and longitude where you are
at given moment
 this system is updated regularly by u.s government and hence is very
advance
DISADVANTAGE
 Battery life: if you are using gps on battery operated device there may be a
battery failure and you may need a external power supply which is not
possible always

 Inaccuracy:*there must be clear "line of sight" between gps antenna and four
or more satellite hence it become diffcult to ensure reliable positoning
particularly in uurban areas
THANK YOU
BY
SPARGEN PAUL RAJ. D
SUBIN.S
MUTHUKKARUPPAN .S