MACHINE LEARNING

NAME : UPINDERJEET SINGH

KAHLON
ROLL NO : 12061017
 What is Machine Learning?

• ML is a branch of artificial intelligence:

• Uses computing based systems to make sense out of data.
• Extracting patterns, fitting data to functions, classifying
data, etc.
• ML systems can learn and improve
-With historical data, time and experience
-Bridges theoretical computer science and real noise
data.
ML in REAL-LIFE
 Supervised Learning
 For every example in the data there is always a predefined
outcome.
 Models the relations between a set of descriptive features
and a target (Fits data to a function).
 Types:
• Classification
• Regression
 Classification
• The Classification algorithm is a Supervised Learning technique that is
used to identify the category of new observations on the basis of training
data. In Classification, a program learns from the given dataset or
observations and then classifies new observation into a number of classes
or groups. Such as, Yes or No, 0 or 1, Spam or Not Spam, cat or dog, etc.
Classes can be called as targets/labels or categories.
• Unlike regression, the output variable of Classification is a category, not a
value, such as "Green or Blue", "fruit or animal", etc. Since the
Classification algorithm is a Supervised learning technique, hence it takes
labeled input data, which means it contains input with the corresponding
output.
• The best example of an ML classification algorithm is Email Spam
Detector.
 Regression
• Regression analysis is a statistical method to model the relationship between a
dependent (target) and independent (predictor) variables with one or more
independent variables. More specifically, Regression analysis helps us to understand
how the value of the dependent variable is changing corresponding to an
independent variable when other independent variables are held fixed. It predicts
continuous/real values such as temperature, age, salary, price, etc.
• Example: Suppose there is a marketing company A, who does various
advertisement every year and get sales on that. The below list shows the
advertisement made by the company in the last 5 years and the corresponding sales
as given in the figure.
• Now, the company wants to do the advertisement of $200 in the year 2019 and
wants to know the prediction about the sales for this year. So to solve such type of
prediction problems in machine learning, we need regression analysis.
 Unsupervised Learning
Unsupervised Learning
– There are not predefined and known set of outcomes
– Look for hidden patterns and relations in the data
– A typical example: Clustering
 Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement Learning(RL) is a type of machine learning
technique that enables an agent to learn in an interactive
environment by trial and error using feedback from its own actions
and experiences.
 Machine Learning as a process
Define - Define measurable and quantifiable goals
Objectives - Use this stage to learn about the problem

- Normalization
- Transformation
Model - Missing Values
Deployment Data - Outliers
Preparation

- Study models accuracy

- Work better than the naïve - Data Splitting
approach or previous system - Features Engineering
- Do the results make sense in the - Estimating Performance
context of the problem - Evaluation and Model
Model Model
Selection
Evaluation Building
 Prediction in Machine Learning

• Prediction in machine learning refers to the output of an algorithm after

it has been trained on a historical dataset and applied to new data when
forecasting the likelihood of a particular outcome.
 Why are predictions important?
Predictions in machine learning allow businesses
to make an accurate assumption as to the likely
outcome of a question based on historical data.
These predictions give businesses insights that
result in tangible business value. For example,
with churn, if a model predicts a customer is
likely to churn, the business can target them with
specific communications and outreach that can
help prevent the loss of that customer.