CONTROL METHODS OF INDUCTION MOTOR

1) Line voltage control

2) Line frequency control
 Variable frequency constant voltage
 Voltage/Frequency control (V/F)
Six Step operation
Voltage Source Inverter fed induction motor drive
Pulse Width
Current Source Inverter fed induction motor drive
Modulation
(PWM) operation
3) Rotor resistance control
Used only in slip ring induction motor
4) Slip power recovery scheme
E FREQUENCY CONTROL- (variable frequency constant v
Ns  N  N
=
(synchronous (rotor speed)
speed) VERY IMPORTANT POINT
(CONSTANT)
Why Torque decreasing?TORQUE
E = 4.44 f Ø N Volts f1 To
TO Overcome
DE R
E fØ CR QU
f2 EA E
SE
f3 S
f4
High f5 Load
Saturatio f6 Torque
n!!
Ns1 Ns2 Ns3 Ns4 Ns5 Ns6
N1 N2 N3
(Voltage drop in R1 N4 N5 N6
SPEED
& X1 are small then,
SLIP (Ns- N) = LOW; %η = HIGH & VERY WIDER SPEED VARIA
.2) V/F CONTROL
(CONSTANT) EQUATION (1)

 CONSTANT
W TO MAINTAIN V/F AS CONSTANT?

OW FREQUENCY CHANGES?
Based on the desired rotor speed N*, we need to
change the frequency by which the synchronous
speed Ns and hence the actual rotor speed N
CHANGE THE VOLTAGE WITH RESPECT TO FREQUENCY?
Why voltage boosting @ low We need
Voltage V= Constant
frequencies ? to sacrifice
Rated
this to
volta
avoid
ge
Insulation
T = DECREASESBreakdown
Small
voltage in stator
boostin windings!
g
Base frequencyFrequency
 TORQUE – CONSTANT TORQUE T= W “
EA F L
REGION DE R K UX
SPEED T T = CONSTANT CR EG ENI
CHARACTER EA ION NG
S ”
ES
ISTICS
(V
- V/F =
CO
CONTROL NS
TA
NT
LOAD
NO )
VERY WIDE SPEED TORQUESTIFFNE
VARIATION & THE SS;
SLIP (Ns- N) = LOW; SO, SLIP
EFFICIENCY = HIGH Ns1 Ns2 Ns3 Ns4 Ns5 Ns6 Ns7 Ns8 (Ns-N) =
HIGH;
N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8
Voltage SO,
EFFICIE
Rated
V= constant (has to be) NCY =
Voltage
LESS

Small Base frequency

voltage boosting frequency
Variable Voltage & Frequency
Variable Frequency (Const voltage)
MENTATION OF OPEN LOOP V/F CONTROL
(PWM OPERATION)
Variable “V” & “f”
3Ø Rectifier Inverter
SUPPLY A.C TO D.C D.C TO A.C
IM

Triangular
CONTROL
signal Modulati
CIRCUIT
Sin 1 Sin 2(PWM)
Sin 3
(0 deg)(120 deg)(240 deg)
ng
Carrier Signal
Signal
“Amp” “f”
Va Vb* Vc*
* Inverse Clarke
2Ø to 3Ø
Transform (I.C.T)
Look-up table Vα* Vβ* 𝐕𝐚 = 𝐕 𝛂
v
I know only the

desired rotor f V*
speed (N*) (V sin ωt) Vα = V cos ωt
of the motorP/ Vβ = V sin ωt Math Function

N* 120 f*
2*Π
ω* ∫ ωt*
 3Ø Rectifier Inverter
IM
SUPPLY A.C TO D.C D.C TO A.C

IMPLEMENTATION Triangular
CONTROL
OF CLOSED LOOP signal
SinCIRCUIT
1 Sin 2 (PWM)
Sin 3
V/F CONTROL (0 deg)(120 deg)(240 deg)
(PWM)
B. D. F Break Down Frequency Va Vb* Vc* Tacho
req @ maximum torque developed) *
2Ø to 3Ø (I.C.T)
. C. T  Inverse Clarke Transform
Look-up table Vα* Vβ*
v
Slip Slip
f V*
frequency* frequency*
Error! = f- fN below B.D.F Vα = V cos ωt
(N*-N)
N* +Σ PI
+ Σ 2*Π
ω* ∫ ωt*
Vβ = V sin ωt
(f-f N) f*
- N Controller Regulator
+f
N
P/120
 }
NVERTER CIRCUIT
PWM
OPERATION
(V & f
CONTROL)