Three-phase induction motor

Performance comparison between squirrel cage and

wound rotor induction motor using MATALB/Simulink
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3- Phase Induction Motor Rotor
Stator

Rotor

ns − nr 120 f
slip ( s ) = ns = , p = 2,4,--
ns p
Voltage

s = 1 if n r = 0 blocked f r = sf s
Stator Rotor
Er = sEB.R
A.C 𝑬𝑩.𝑹 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒆𝒅 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒐𝒏
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V stator → I s → s → Er → I r → Sahft rotating 𝒓𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒂𝒕 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝑺 = 𝟏
 Do the three phase currents
have the same direction at
the same moment ?

No, because this means no closed loop. The direction of current

depends on the position of magnetic field of rotor winding relative to
the three-phase coils of the stator in the generator.

zero

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4
5
3- Phase Induction Motor

120*50
ns = = 1500 rpm
4
ns − nr 1500 − 1440
s= = = 0.067
ns 1500
Er = sEB.R
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 Stator Stator

I ph = I line
V ph = Vline
Vline
V ph = I line
3 I ph =
3

V ph

VLine

I Line I ph 7
3-phase Supply voltage I Line
3- Phase IM (MATLAB/Simulink)

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Squirrel-cage
Radd = zero
3- Phase Induction Motor
Radd

Slip-ring
or wound

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Squirrel-cage VS wound rotor at the same rating

Basic Theory

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Squirrel-cage

Basic Theory

Current 
Load  
rotor speed 

Does Te = Tm ???

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 Squirrel-cage

Basic Theory

The developed torque is greater

The mechanical loss
Te = Tm + Lossmech. than mechanical torque
depends on the friction factor
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because of the mechanical loss
Slip-ring or wound rotor Radd = 0.2 

It has already been stated that this is a

common method used to:
1) limit the starting current of such
machines
2) improved starting torque
3) Speed control.
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 slip − ring → i 2 ( Rr + Radd ) 
Slip-ring or wound rotor

Rr = 0.0503 ns = 1500
𝑹𝒂𝒅𝒅 𝒏𝒓 𝒏𝒔 − 𝒏𝒓 𝑹𝒓 + 𝑹𝒂𝒅𝒅
𝒔=
𝒏𝒔 𝒔
During Starting s =1 zero 1488 1/125 6.2
0.02 1483 17/1500 6.2
1 Transient period 0.05 1476 2/125 6.2
I starting  
R2  decrease
I steady − state remain the same Rr + Radd 
s 14
R2 = Rr + Radd
wound rotor VS squirrel-cage induction Motor
It is possible to take advantage of this characteristic of wound-
rotor induction motors to start very heavy loads. If a resistance is
inserted into the rotor circuit, the maximum torque can be adjusted
to occur at starting conditions. Therefore, the maximum possible
torque would be available to start heavy loads. On the other hand,
once the load is turning, the extra resistance can be removed from
the circuit, and the maximum torque will move up to near-
synchronous speed for regular operation.

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References

1 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/rotor-circuit
2 “ELECTRIC MACHINERY FUNDAMENTALS” Stephen J. Chapman
3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iMn7dq7B1oo
4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5kfwIbepods
5 https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/faradays-law
6 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nGQbA2jwkWI
7 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qthuFLNSrlg&t=2s

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