I.

—COMPUTING
MACHINERY AND
INTELLIGENCE
A. M. TURING

11:11P
M
 In "Computing Machinery and
Intelligence," Alan Turing advocates the
perspective that machines have the
potential to manifest or convincingly mimic
human-level intelligence.

Claim

Can machines think?

Strongest argument One of Alan Turing's most compelling arguments in
"Computing Machinery and Intelligence" is that it's not
only meaningful but also feasible to figure out if a machine
can be as smart as a human. He introduced the "Imitation
Game," which is like a test to see if a machine can talk so
convincingly that you can't tell it apart from a human in a
conversation. If the machine passes this test, it's a strong
sign that it has human-like intelligence. This argument is
powerful because it offers a simple and practical way to
answer the big question of whether machines can be really
smart like us, and that's a concept that has had a huge
impact on the development of artificial intelligence.
 Argument

Beyond the Imitation Game, another

compelling argument presented by Alan
Turing in "Computing Machinery and
Second Intelligence" is the potential of what he terms
"learning machines." Turing has a theory that
argument machines can be constructed to undergo a
form of "education" similar to a human child,
enabling them to significantly expand their
capabilities beyond their initial programming.
Opossing
arguments
 Can a computer
also learn this
way?
Can computers exhibit
intuition, and if so, is this a
We sometimes genuine sign of
learn by making intelligence, or is it a
Can a computer learn
mistakes. things like you do, or do byproduct of data-driven
they just follow algorithms and heuristics?
instructions?

What does it mean COMPUTING

for a computer to MACHINERY AND
'think'? INTELLIGENCE
Questions

What do you imagine Can robots be artists or

computers will be doing musicians considering AI
in the future that they models are able to create
can't do now? "original" art?

How do advancements in neural networks, deep What makes you

learning, and reinforcement learning contribute to think they can or
the evolution of computer intelligence? cannot?
 Conclusions
The Complexity of
Defining Intelligence
Turing acknowledged the difficulty
of defining intelligence precisely. He
pointed out that the criteria for
intelligence may change over time as
we develop more advanced
machines.
The Learning and
Adaptation of
Machines:
Turing discussed the possibility of
machines that could learn and adapt.
He foresaw the development of
machines that could modify their
behavior based on experience.
Theological and
Philosophical
Implications
Turing briefly touched on the
theological and philosophical
implications of his work, suggesting
that his ideas do not necessarily
challenge the idea of a soul or
consciousness but focus on
observable behavior.
The conclusions of Turing's paper were not definitive
in the sense of providing a clear answer to the
question of whether machines can be intelligent.
Instead, he framed the discussion and introduced the
Turing Test as a way to think about machine
intelligence. His work has had a profound and lasting
impact on the field of artificial intelligence and the
philosophy of mind, influencing subsequent research
and discussions on the topic of computer
intelligence.