WHAT IS SIX SIGMA?

IT IS A SET OF QUALITY-CONTROL TECHNIQUES AND

TOOLS THAT BUSINESSES CAN USE TO ELIMINATE
DEFECTS AND IMPROVE PROCESSES TO HELP BOOST
THEIR PROFITS.
 Sigma Levels

Sigma Level A value from 1 to 6 that signifies the maximum

number of defects per million:
1. 1 Sigma = 690,000 defects/million = 31% accurate
2. 2 Sigma = 308,537 defects/million = 69.1463% accurate
3. 3 Sigma = 66,807 defects/million = 93.3193% accurate
4. 4 Sigma = 6,210 defects/million = 99.3790% accurate
5. 5 Sigma = 233 defects/million = 99.9767% accurate
6. 6 Sigma = 3.4 defects/million = 99.999997% accurate
 Goals of 6 Sigma

1. Dramatically lower costs

2. Improve customer satisfaction
3. Shorten time to market -
4. Reduce defects,scarp and re-work
5. Simplify operations
6. Improve competitive position

 The Principles of 6 Sigma

1. Focus on the customer
2. Continuous process improvement
3. Leading by example
4. Company wide implementation -
5. Business strategy integration -
6. Decision making using statistical analysis
 Six Sigma Key Concepts
 At its core, Six Sigma revolves around a few key concepts.

 Critical to Quality: Attributes most important to the customer

 Defect: Failing to deliver what the customer wants

 Process Capability: What your process can deliver

 Variation: What the customer sees and feels

 Stable Operations: Ensuring consistent, predictable processes to

improve what the customer sees and feels

 Design for Six Sigma (DFSS): Designing to meet customer needs and
process capability
 Six Sigma Methodology
 Six Sigma has two key methodologies:

 1-DMAIC is used to improve an existing business process in a project.

 1- Define: Define the system, process flow mapping, requirements of the

customer , flowcharts and the project goals, specifically.

 2-Measure: defect metrics, data collection, sampling

 3-Analyze : Fishbone diagrams, failure analysis, root cause analysis

 4-Improve: modeling, tolerance control, defect control, design changes

 5-Control: SPC control charts, performance management

 2-DMADV : is used to create new product designs or process designs in
such a way a more predictable, mature and defect free performance.

 1-Define: formally define design activity objectives aligned with

customer requirements and the organization's strategy.

 2-Measure: Identification of CTQs (critical for quality), product

capabilities, production process capacity, and risk assessment.

 3-Analyze: Develop design alternatives, create a high-level design and

assess design capability to select the best design.

 4-Design: Detailed design development, design improvement and

planning for design verification. This stage may require simulation.

 5-Verify: Verify design and trial run for setup, implementation of

production process and delivery to process owners.
 Implementation roles

 Six Sigma defines the key roles for its successful implementation
1- Executive leadership:including the CEO and members of top management. They
are responsible for setting a vision for the implementation of Six Sigma.

2- Champions: take responsibility for implementing Six Sigma across the

organization in an integrated way

3- Master Black Belts: These are the people who conduct Six Sigma Training and
have work experience

4- Black Belts, Black Belts: They are the people who directly participate in the
implementation of Six sigma projects. they always work on the project

5- Green Belts: are the employees who take up Six Sigma implementation along
with their other job responsibilities, operating under the guidance of Black Belts.