PHYSICAL FITNESS MODULE

(SpSc 101)

Prepared By: Zerihun Birhanu (PhD)

(Bahir Dar University)
Haileyesus Gedefaw (PhD)
(Dilla University)
August, 2019
 UNIT 1: CONCEPTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS:

Meanings and definitions of terms:-

 Physical fitness

 Physical Activity

 Physical exercise

 Sport
UNIT 1: CONCEPTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS :

Meanings and Sport : each letter represent as

definitions of
follow:
terms:-
S= specific
 Physical fitness
P= progression
 Physical Activity
O= overload

 Physical exercise
R= reversibility

 Sport T= time
 Physical fitness:-

• It is an ability to meet the ordinary, as well as unusual demands of daily life

safely and effectively without being overly fatigued.

• Simply it is the body’s ability to function effectively and efficiently, and

contributes the total quality of life.

• Totally fit person has a healthy and happy outlook towards life.

• the multi-dimensional characteristics of physical fitness can be divided into

two areas: health related physical fitness and skill related physical fitness
 Cont…

 Clarke and Clarke (1989) found that physical fitness is not a static factor.
That means:-
 it varies from individual to individual and in the same person from time to
time depending on factors.
 Physical fitness is probably the most popular and frequently used term in
physical education.
 The most important objective of physical educators is to develop physical
fitness.
 General fitness implies the ability of a person to live most effectively with
his and her potentials, which depend upon the physical, mental, emotional,
social and spiritual components of fitness which are highly interrelated.
 Physical Activity :-

It is bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in

energy expenditure.
The term, physical activity, does not require or imply any specific
aspect or quality of movement.
the term “physical activity” has been used often as a short-hand
description for moderate-to-vigorous-intensity forms of physical
activity, given current interest and discussions about physical activity
of intensities less than moderate-intensity, the term “physical
activity” should be used when discussing the full range of intensities.
 Cont…
Based on predominant physiologic effect, physical activity can be
categorized in to aerobic physical activity and anaerobic physical
activity.
• Aerobic physical activity includes forms of activity that are intense
enough and performed long enough to maintain or improve an
individual’s cardiorespiratory fitness.
• Aerobic activities such as walking, basketball, soccer, or dancing,
commonly require the use of large muscle groups.
• Technically, aerobic physical activity includes any activity that could
be maintained using only oxygen-supported metabolic energy pathways
and could be continued for more than a few minutes.
 Cont…

• Whereas, anaerobic physical activity refers to high-intensity

activity that exceeds the capacity of the cardiovascular system to

provide oxygen to muscle cells for the usual oxygen consuming

metabolic pathways.

• Anaerobic activity can be maintained for only about 2 to 3

minutes.

• Sprinting and power lifting are examples of anaerobic physical

activity.
 Physical Exercise:-

The term "exercise" has been used interchangeably with "physical

activity", and, in fact, both have a number of common elements.

For example, both physical activity and exercise involve any

bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that expends
energy, are measured by kilocalories ranging continuously from
low to high, and are positively correlated with physical fitness as
the intensity, duration, and frequency of movements increase.

Exercise, however, is not synonymous with physical activity: it is

a subcategory of physical activity.
 Cont…

Exercise is physical activity that is planned, structured, repetitive, and purposive in the sense that
improvement or maintenance of one or more components of physical fitness is an objective. The
formula relating physical activity and exercise is:
kcalExerclse + kcalNonexercise` = kcalTotal daily Physical activity

Generally, Exercise describes as planned structured and repetitive bodily movement done

to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness and is subset of

physical activity. Exercise is usually goal related and designed in the sense that the

improvement or maintenance of one or more components of physical fitness (i.e.,

endurance, strength, flexibility etc…).

 Sport:-

It is an organized, competitive form of play. Some persons view sport

simply as an organized form of play, which might put it closer to
physical education as we have defined it. However, close consideration
will show that sport has traditionally involved competitive activities.

Sport is, above all, competitive activity. We cannot think of sport

without thinking of competition, for without the competition, sport
becomes simply play or recreation. Play can at times be sport, but
strictly speaking, sport is never simple play; the competitive aspect is
essential to the nature of sport.
 General Principles of Fitness Training:

 Principle of warming up
 Principle of specificity  FITT Principle
 Principle of Overload
 Principle of Rest, Recovery,  Frequency and Time
and Periodization
 Principle of Reversibility  Type of Exercise
 Principle of Individual
Differences  Intensity
 Principle of cool down
 I. Write TRUE If The Statement Is Correct And Write FALSE If The Statement Is Incorrect:
1. Physical fitness is a body’s ability to function effectively and efficiently concerning the given physical exercise.
2. Sport is an organized competitive form of play.
3. Physical exercise is subcategories of physical activity.
4. The most important objectives of physical educators to develop physical fitness.
5. Physical activity is the bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that result in energy expenditure.
II. Choose The Correct Answer Among The Given Alternatives:
6. Which one of the following is true about sport?
A. It is organized competitive form of play C. It is not simply organized form of play
B. It have own rules and regulations D. All
7. ______ is the bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that result in energy expenditure?
A. Physical fitness B. physical exercise C. physical activity D. All
8. Of the following one is NOT the characteristics of physical exercise?
A. It is planned physical activity C. It is repetitive physical activity
B. It is structured physical activity D. It is purposive physical activity E. All
9. Of the following one is not represent each letter of “FIIT” principles of fitness training?
A. Frequency B. Intensity C. Type D. Time E. None
10. Which one of the following is true about the examples of anaerobic physical activity?
A. Fast running B. Slow dancing C. Slow walking D. Slow running
I. Write TRUE If The Statement Is Correct And Write FALSE If The Statement Is
Incorrect:
1. Physical fitness is a body’s ability to function effectively and efficiently concerning the
given physical exercise.
2. Sport is an organized competitive form of play.
3. Physical exercise is subcategories of physical activity.
4. The most important objectives of physical educators to develop physical fitness.
5. Physical activity is the bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that result in
energy expenditure.
I. Choose The Correct Answer Among The Given Alternatives:
6. Which one of the following is true about sport?
A. It is organized competitive form of play C. It is not simply organized form of play
B. It have own rules and regulations D. All
7. ______ is the bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that result in energy
expenditure? A. Sedentary life style B. physical activity C. physical inactivity D. All
8. Of the following one is NOT the characteristics of physical exercise?
C. It is planned physical activity C. It is repetitive physical activity
D. It is structured physical activity D. It is purposive physical activity E. None
9. Of the following one is not represent each letter of “FIIT” principles of fitness training?
E. Frequency B. Intensity C. Type D. Time E. None
10. Which one of the following is true about the examples of anaerobic physical activity?
F. Fast running B. Slow dancing C. Slow walking D. Slow running
UNIT TWOTHE HEALTH BENEFITS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY:

The objectives of this units:- at the end of this unit students should be
able to:-
 Describe the health benefits of physical activity
 Identify diseases which are associated with a sedentary lifestyle and
the major risk factors for these diseases
 Realize regular physical activity in terms of disease prevention and
healthy aging?
 Estimate physical activity needed for improved health benefits?
 Identify physical activities suitable for typical people, and how
often should they exercise?
 Physical Activity and Hypokinetic Diseases/ Conditions

 Hypokinetic diseases are conditions related to inactivity or low levels

of habitual activity.
 Physical inactivity has led to a rise in chronic diseases.

 Some experts believe that physical inactivity is the most important

public health problem in the 21st century. Each year at least 1.9 million
people die as a result of physical inactivity.
 Data from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (2009) indicated
that low cardiorespiratory fitness accounts for substantially more
deaths (16%) compared to other risk factors (i.e., obesity 2–3%;
smoking 8–10%; high cholesterol 2–4%; diabetes 2–4%; and
hypertension 8–16%).
 Cont…
 Since "hypo" means too little, and "kinetic" means movement, the term
hypokinetic means too little movement or activity. Thus hypokinetic
disease is a condition associated with too little physical activity or
exercise. Examples include heart disease, low back pain, and Type II
diabetes.
 Hypokinetic diseases are conditions related to inactivity or low levels of
habitual activity. The term “hypokinetic” was coined by Kraus and Raab
in their book Hypokinetic Disease (Kraus & Raab, 1961).
 The term "hypokinetic diseases" describes many of the diseases and
conditions associated with inactivity and poor fitness and include:
obesity, metabolic syndrome, high blood pressure, high cholesterol,
osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, low back pain, type 2 diabetes, some
cancers, depression and other bio-behavioral ...
 Hypokinetic movement disorders are those in which there is an
abnormally reduced amount of intentional motor activity. Hyperkinetic
movement disorders are characterized by two types of behavior:
rhythmical and irregular.
 SEDENTARY LIFE STYLE:

 A sedentary or inactive lifestyle. You have probably heard of all

of these phrases, and they mean the same thing: a lifestyle with
a lot of sitting and lying down, with very little to no exercise. In
the United States and around the world, people are spending
more and more time doing sedentary activities.
 A person) tending to spend much time seated; somewhat
inactive.
 Examples of sedentary behavior include:
 sitting for long periods,
 watching television,
 riding in a bus or car,
 playing passive video games,
 playing on the computer, and.
 sitting in a car seat or stroller.
 WHAT ARE THE 8 RISK OF SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE?

 Sedentary lifestyles increase all causes of mortality, double the risk

of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity, and increase the
risks of colon cancer, high blood pressure, osteoporosis, lipid
disorders, depression and anxiety.
What is an inactive lifestyle?

A sedentary or inactive lifestyle. You have probably heard of all of these phrases, and they
mean the same thing: a lifestyle with a lot of sitting and lying down, with very little to no
exercise. In the United States and around the world, people are spending more and more time
doing sedentary activities.
Cont…
 Cont…

 Physical activity helps in:

 Individuals who do not exercise
regularly are at a greater risk
for developing chronic diseases
such as coronary heart disease
(CHD), hypertension,
hypercholesterolemia, cancer,
weight loss,
weight maintenance
prevention of weight gain,
prevention of fails,
improved functional health,
improved cognitive function,
increased bone density, and
improved quality of sleep.

obesity, and musculoskeletal

disorders
 Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Diseases:

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

 Globally, coronary heart disease (CHD) accounts for more deaths than any other

disease, with more than 7.6 million people dying from it in 2005 (WHO 2007).

 CHD is caused by a lack of blood supply to the heart muscle (myocardial

ischemia) resulting from a progressive, degenerative disorder known as

atherosclerosis.

 Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory process involving a buildup of low-density

lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, scavenger cells (monocytes), necrotic debris,

smooth muscle cells, and fibrous tissue.

 Cont.…
 Is a major cause of death in the UK and worldwide.

 CHD is sometimes called ischemic heart disease or coronary

artery disease.
 Damage or disease in the heart's major blood vessels.

 Is a narrowing or blockage of your coronary arteries usually

caused by the buildup of fatty material called plaque.
 Usual cause is the build-up of plaque. This causes coronary
arteries to narrow, limiting blood flow to the heart.
 Coronary artery disease can range from no symptoms, to chest
pain, to a heart attack.
 Cont.…

 Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors: Epidemiological research indicates that

many factors are associated with the risk of CHD.

 The greater the number and severity of risk factors, the greater the probability of
CHD. The positive risk factors for CHD are:

 Age,

 Family History,

 Hypercholesterolemia, (HBCL)

 Hypertension, (HBP)

 Tobacco use, (smoking)

 Diabetes Mellitus or Prediabetes,

 Overweight and Obesity, and un healthy diet

 Physical Inactivity. Or lack of physical activity

 Follow the following consider ways to improve the healthy of heart:

• Avoid smoking and using tobacco products. ...

• Be physically active every day. ...
• Eat a heart-healthy diet. ...
• Keep a healthy weight. ...
• Keep your blood pressure healthy. ...
• Keep your total cholesterol healthy. ...
• Keep your blood sugar healthy.
 There are several ways you can reduce your risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD), such as:

• lowering your blood pressure and cholesterol

levels.
• Eat a healthy, balanced diet. ...
• Be more physically active. ...
• Keep to a healthy weight. ...
• Give up smoking. ...
• Reduce your alcohol consumption. ...
• Keep your blood pressure under control.
 Hypertension:

 Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a chronic, persistent elevation of blood pressure that is clinically

defined as a systolic pressure ≥140 mmHg or a diastolic pressure ≥90 mmHg.

 Hypertension is also the primary risk factor for all types of stroke.

 When you have hypertension (high blood pressure), it means the pressure against the blood vessel walls in your

body is consistently too high.

 Blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood against the walls of the body's arteries, the major blood

vessels in the body.

 A condition in which the force of the blood against the artery walls is too high.

 Usually hypertension is defined as blood pressure above 140/90, and is considered severe if the pressure is

above 180/120.

 High blood pressure often has no symptoms. Over time, if untreated, it can cause health conditions, such as

heart disease and stroke.

 Eating a healthier diet with less salt, exercising regularly and taking medication can help lower blood pressure.
Cont…
Exercise Prescription for Individuals with Hypertension (ACSM, 2013)

Mode: Primarily endurance activities supplemented by resistance exercises

Intensity: Moderate-intensity endurance (40–60% VO 2R)* and resistance training (60–80% 1-
RM)
Duration: 30–60 min or more of continuous or accumulated aerobic physical activity per day,
and a minimum of one set (8–12 reps) of resistance training exercises for each major muscle
group.
Frequency: Most, preferably all, days of the week for aerobic exercise; 2 or 3 days/wk for
resistance raining.
*VO2R is the difference between the maximum and the resting rate of oxygen consumption.
 HYPERCHOLESTERELOMIA:

 What is the meaning of hypercholesterolemia?

 An excess of cholesterol in the bloodstream.

 Hypercholesterolemia is defined as elevated amounts of cholesterol

in the blood.

 Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that is naturally found in the

walls of cells.

 It is used by the body to produce certain hormones, vitamin D, and

bile acids that help to digest fat.

 WHAT IS OBESITY MEANS?

 Obesity is generally caused by eating too much and moving too little.

 If you consume high amounts of energy, particularly fat and sugars, but

do not burn off the energy through exercise and physical activity, much

of the surplus energy will be stored by the body as fat.

 Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat

accumulation that presents a risk to health. A body mass index (BMI)

over 25 is considered overweight, and over 30 is obese.

 What are three causes of obesity?

 Diet, lack of exercise, environmental factors.

 Genetics.

 Physical inactivity.

 Diet high in simple carbohydrates.

 Overeating.

 Frequency of eating.

 Medications.

 Psychological factors.

 Diseases: Diseases such as hypothyroidism, insulin resistance, polycystic ovary syndrome,

and Cushing's syndrome are also contributors to obesity.

 Adults. For adults, WHO defines overweight and obesity as follows: overweight is a BMI

greater than or equal to 25; and. obesity is a BMI greater than or equal to 30.
Cont…
Cont…
 WHAT IS THE CORRECT BMI FOR MY AGE?

 Height: Weight: Your BMI is, indicating your weight is in the

category for adults of your height. For your height, a healthy
weight range would be from to pounds.
BMI Weight Status

Below 18.5 Underweight

18.5—24.9 Healthy (Normal)

25.0—29.9 Overweight

30.0 and Above Obese

Example: If a person weighs 65 kg and the person's height is 165

cm (1.65 m), the BMI is calculated as 65 ÷ (1.65)2 = 23.87 kg/m2,
which means that the person has a BMI of 23.87 kg/m2 and is
considered to have a healthy weight.
 What is systolic and diastolic blood pressure mean?

 The first number, called systolic blood pressure, is the pressure caused by your

heart contracting and pushing out blood. The second number, called diastolic

blood pressure, is the pressure when your heart relaxes and fills with blood.

 Blood pressure is measured using two numbers: The first number, called

systolic blood pressure, measures the pressure in your arteries when your heart

beats. The second number, called diastolic blood pressure, measures the

pressure in your arteries when your heart rests between beats.

 Your systolic blood pressure is the top number on your reading. It measures

the force of blood against your artery walls while your ventricles — the lower

two chambers of your heart — squeeze, pushing blood out to the rest of your

body. Your diastolic blood pressure is the bottom number on your reading.
 What are the different blood pressure categories?

Category Systolic (mmHg) Diastolic (mmHg)

Normal 120 or less 80 or less

Elevated 120-129 80 or less

Hypertension stage I 130-139 80-89

Hypertension stage II 140-159 90-99

 METABOLIC SYNDROME:

 Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur together,

increasing your risk of heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes.

 A cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke and
diabetes.

 Metabolic syndrome includes high blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess
body fat around the waist and abnormal cholesterol levels. The syndrome
increases a person's risk of heart attack and stroke.

 Aside from a large waist circumference, most of the disorders associated

with metabolic syndrome have no symptoms.

 Weight loss, exercise, a healthy diet and smoking cessation can help.
Medication may also be prescribed.
 What causes metabolic syndrome?

 Overweight and obesity.

 An inactive lifestyle.

 Insulin resistance, a condition in which the body can't use insulin properly. Insulin is a

hormone that helps move blood sugar into your cells to give them energy.

 Age - your risk goes up as get older.

 Genetics - ethnicity and family history.

 What are the 3 components of metabolic syndrome?

 Some risk factors that commonly cluster together (like dyslipidemia, hypertension and

hyperglycemia) have been termed the metabolic syndrome.

 Metabolism is the process by which your body converts what you eat and drink into

energy. During this complex process, calories in food and beverages are combined with

oxygen to release the energy your body needs to function.

 Musculoskeletal disorder:

 Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are injuries or disorders of the muscles, nerves,

tendons, joints, cartilage, and spinal discs. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders

(WMSD) are conditions in which: The work environment and performance of work

contribute significantly to the condition;

 Common causes of musculoskeletal pain include:

 Bone fractures.

 Joint dislocation (when something forces a joint out of its proper position).

 Direct blows to muscles, bones or joints.

 Overuse injuries.

 Poor posture.

 Sprains.
 Symptoms of MSDs:
 Symptoms of MSDs can include: recurrent pain. Stiff joints. Swelling.
They can affect any major area of your musculoskeletal system, including the following:
 Neck.
 Shoulders.
 Wrists.
 Back.
 Hips.
 Legs.
 Knees.
 Feet.
 How is musculoskeletal pain treated?
 Acupuncture.
 Chiropractic adjustment.
 Occupational therapy.
 Pain relievers.
 Physical therapy.
 Splints.
 Steroid injections.
 Therapeutic massage.
 Diabetes:

 Diabetes mellitus, disorder of carbohydrate metabolism characterized

by impaired ability of the body to produce or respond to insulin and

thereby maintain proper levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood

 Type 2

 A chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar

(glucose).

 With type 2 diabetes, the body either doesn't produce enough insulin, or it

resists insulin.

 Symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, hunger, fatigue and

blurred vision. In some cases, there may be no symptoms.

 Treatments include diet, exercise, medication and insulin therapy.

 Defines hypoglycemia & hyperglycemia?

 Hypoglycemia(Low blood glucose, also called low

blood sugar) or hypoglycemia, occurs when the level of
glucose in your blood drops below what is healthy
for you. For many people with diabetes, this means a
blood glucose reading lower than 70 milligrams per
deciliter (mg/dL).
 Hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) means there is too
much sugar in the blood because the body lacks enough
insulin. Associated with diabetes, hyperglycemia can
cause vomiting, excessive hunger and thirst, rapid
heartbeat, vision problems and other symptoms.
Untreated hyperglycemia can lead to serious health
problems.
 Cont…
Here’s what you need to know about hypoglycemia and
hyperglycemia, including symptoms, causes, and how to prevent it
from happening to you.
Blood sugar level Symptoms
hunger
irritability
Hypoglycemia trouble concentrating
fatigue
sweating
confusion
fast heartbeat
shaking
headache
extreme thirst
dry mouth
Hyperglycemia weakness
headache
frequent urination
blurry vision
nausea
confusion
shortness of breath
I. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and write FALSE if the statement is incorrect:
1. A condition in which the force of the blood against the artery walls is too high is
called hypertension.
2. A sedentary lifestyle or too sitting and inactivity can lead to osteoporosis.
3. A sedentary lifestyle can lead to increased Chances of Depression, and Anxiety.
4. Any activity that gets you up and moving is part of an active lifestyle.
5. CVD IS A type of disease that affects the heart or blood vessels.
6. Diastolic blood pressure is the pressure when heart relaxes and fills with blood.
7. Hypercholesterolemia is defined as elevated amounts of cholesterol in the
blood.
8. Hypokinetic diseases are conditions related to inactivity or low levels of
habitual activity.
9. Less active and less fit people have a greater risk of developing high blood
pressure.
10.Physical activity can reduce your risk for type 2 diabetes.
11.Living an active life is important to staying healthy.
1. Staying active helps to reduce your risk of conditions like heart disease, diabetes, and
stroke.
2. Not doing enough physical activity doubles the risk of cardiovascular disease, type-2
diabetes and obesity, and increases the risk of breast and bowel cancer, depression and
anxiety.
3. Not getting enough physical activity can lead to heart disease
4. Physical inactivity is one of the leading risk factors for noncommunicable diseases
(NCDs) and death worldwide.
5. Physical inactivity is the biggest risk factor followed by unhealthy diet.
6. Physical inactivity or being sedentary is when you don't move your body for long periods
of time.
7. Regular physical activity is proven to help prevent and manage no communicable
diseases such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes and several cancers.
8. Regular physical activity helps prevent hypertension, maintain healthy body weight and
can improve mental health, quality of life and well-being.
9. Riding in a bus or car, playing passive video games, playing on the computer, and. sitting
in a car seat or stroller is example of sedentary life style.
10. Systolic blood pressure is the pressure caused by heart contracting and pushing out blood.
11. The risk of certain cardiovascular diseases may be increased by smoking, high blood
pressure, high cholesterol, unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, and obesity.
II. Choose The Correct Answer Among The Given Alternatives:
1. Which one of the following is NOT true about the hypokinetic disease?
A. Is a condition associated with too little physical activity
B. Is a condition associated with too little physical exercise
C. Is a condition related to inactivity
D. Is a condition related to low levels of habitual physical activity
E. None
2. Of the following one is examples of hypokinetic disease?
A. Low back pain B. Heart disease C. Type II diabetes D. All
3. A lifestyle with a lot of sitting and lying down, with very little to no exercise is called sedentary life style.
4. Which one is a NOT example of sedentary life style?
A. Sitting for long periods B. watching television C. Riding in a bus or car D. None
5.Among the following one if the risk factors of sedentary life style?
A. Increase high blood pressure C. Increase depression and anxiety
B. Increase osteoporosis, lipid disorders, D. All
6. Among the following which one is the way to improve health of coronary heart diseases?
A. Avoid smoking and using tobacco products C. be physically active every day
B. Keep your blood pressure healthy D. All
7. Of the following one is NOT risk factors of coronary heart disease?
A. High BP C. high blood cholesterol levels
B. Unhealthy diet and stress D. physical activity
8. Of the following one is the ways of reduce the risk of developing coronary heart disease?
A. Eat a healthy, balanced diet C. Keep to a healthy weight
B. Reduce your alcohol consumption D. be more physically active E. All
PART THREE: Work out

1. A student who 70kg weight and 1.60 meter, then calculate the body mass index and
weight status?
A_________________________________________________________
B_________________________________________________________
2. Abebe is 10 years old with resting heart rate of 60. Then find his:-
A. Age ________________________________________________
B. RHR ________________________________________________
C. MHR ________________________________________________
D. WHR ________________________________________________
E. HHR _________________________________________________
 UNIT THREE: MAKING WELL INFORMED FOOD CHOICES:

What is Nutrition? And what is Nutrient?

 Nutrition can be defined as the science of the action
of food, beverages, and their components in
biological systems.
 A nutrient is a compound that provides a needed
function in the body.
Nutrients can be further classified based on the
amount needed in the body.
Macronutrients are the nutrients the body needs in
larger amounts.
Micronutrients are also important nutrients, but ones
the body needs in smaller amounts.