CPE-103-Foundation of

CPE-103-Foundation of
Special and Inclusive
Education
Special and Inclusive
Education
 This course deals with the
philosophies, theories and legal bases
of special and inclusive education,
typical and atypical development of
children, learning characteristics of
students with special needs and
practices in the continuum of special
education.
 Module 1 – Definition, Goals, and Scope of
Special and Inclusive Education

Objectives:
1. demonstrate an in-depth
understanding of concepts related to
special and inclusive education that
promote supportive environments to
diverse learners (like inclusion, integration,
mainstream, transition, etc.) as indicated
in the DepEd Inclusion Policy.
 Module 1 – Definition, Goals, and Scope of
Special and Inclusive Education
Objectives:
2. demonstrate knowledge of
responsive special and inclusive
education programs for diverse
learners.
3. compare and contrast Inclusive
Education in the Philippines with that
of International standards.
Topic: A. Inclusive Education in the
Philippines
•1. Definition of Inclusive
Education
•2. Vision, Mission, and Goals of
Inclusive Education
•3. Scope of Inclusive Education
Question:

1. What do you mean

by Special Education?

2. What is Inclusive
Education?
1. Definition of Inclusive Education
Inclusive Education means:
• Reaching out to all learners.
• Addressing and responding to
diversity needs of children, youth and
adults.
• Involves changes and modification in
content, approaches, structures and
strategies.
1. Definition of Inclusive Education

Inclusive Education is about putting

the right to education into
action by including all learners,
respecting their diverse needs,
abilities and characteristics, and
eliminating all forms of
discrimination in the learning
environment ( UNESCO, 2009).
1. Definition of Inclusive Education

Inclusive Education is
the process of
strengthening the capacity
of the education system to
reach out to all learners
(UNESCO, 2017).
1. Definition of Inclusive Education
Inclusive Education
DepEd Order No. 21 s. 2019 also known as the Policy
Guidelines on the K to 12 Basic Education
Program:
-as an Inclusive curriculum, it is learner-
centered, developmentally appropriate,
culture- sensitive, relevant, gender- responsive
and contextualized.
- Teachers: the primary implementers of
inclusive education as they address the diverse
needs of the learners.
1. Definition of Inclusive Education
Philippine Inclusive Education
- a process where all types of learners
with diverse needs are given equal
opportunities for a meaningful life in non-
discriminatory environments.
These environments foster
belongingness through culturally or
spiritually sensitive, learner-centered
curriculum, learning processes, delivery
modes, and settings ( Bustos, et.al 2014,
p.19 )
Inclusive Education means:

- a learning environment where children

with and without disabilities are taught
together as equals.

-this approach is different to more

traditional approaches to the education of
children with disabilities that involve
segregating CWD’s into separate classes or
even separate schools.
Inclusion means:

I- NTEGRATION
N- ETWORKING
C- COLLABORATION
L- IVING, LEARNING, LOVING
U-TILIZING ALL AVAILABLE RESOURCES
S- UPPORT AND SOCIAL SERVICES
I- MPLEMENTATION OF APPROPRIATE
PROGRAMS
O- RGANIZATION OF APPROPRIATE SERVICES
N- ON STOP SERVICES TO ALL
Inclusive Education means providing for the
diverse educational needs of:

*children and adults in remote areas

*working children or adults
*children or adults with disabilities
*children/adults in difficult circumstances
because of their culture
* children with diseases such as HIV/AIDS
* children of migrant workers or OFW’s
* street children
* indigenous children
* children affected by armed conflict
Inclusive Education in the Philippines

1. Children with disabilities (CWD’s) who

are in school - about 101, 762
(2010- 2011)
• Children with disabilities are still
combating EDUCATIONAL INCLUSION
• 97.3 % of them are STILL UNREACHED
• About 5,916 are MAINSTREAMED IN
REGULAR CLASSES
2. Children of INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
- about 12-15 million across the
country.
*They are spread in seven
ethnographic areas with 117 ethno-
linguistic groups.
• Elementary schools : 639,483
• Secondary :158,550 (2010-2011)
3. Muslim elementary and secondary
pupils – 140, 570 are attending ALIVE
(Arabic Language and Islamic Values
Education) in public schools.

4. Street children : about 246,000

• 75% are children on the streets
• 25% are children of the streets
• 70% are boys
5. Working children: are
growing in number

6. Number of abused
children: being tracked down
1.1. Special Education (SpEd)

-classes or instruction
designed for students with
disabilities , giftedness and
talents, apart from their
same- aged peers.
(Custodio, Nalipay 2021).
1.1. Special Education Needs
– an educational program/ service
designed to meet the needs of children
with special needs who cannot profit from
general or regular education because of
disabilities or exceptional abilities.
Ex. CWD’s or CSN in SPED classes
- a term used in some countries to
refer to children with impairments that
are seen as requiring additional support
(UNESCO, 2017).
Related Concepts of Inclusive Education
Mainstreaming- is the practice of
educating students with learning challenges in
regular classes , in the least restrictive
environment and based on their skills.

Integration- refers to the creation of spaces

such as regular classrooms, special education
classrooms or pull out services for diverse
learners.
A school that admits learners with
disabilities and combines them with regular
pupils in the regular classroom is said to perform
Related Concepts of Inclusive Education
Transition- is movement from one activity
to another.
It is the period of time when teachers direct
students to end one task or activity and begin
another.
It can also be a movement from one grade
level to a higher level, from one school to
another, from one program to another or from
school to the world of work and community.
Inherent in the concept of transition for special
education is the ultimate goal of moving toward
NORMALIZATION (Danocup,O.B. 2010).
Related Concepts of Inclusive Education

Equality- it is where everyone is given

the same support with the assumption that
once all children are provided with the
same opportunities, everyone of them
were catered properly.
However, Equality does not mean
equity because every child is different.
Equity- refers to fairness in every
situation.
Additional information: sent to GC
2. VMGO of Inclusive Education
DepEd Vision

We dream of Filipinos
who passionately love their country
and whose values and competencies
enable them to realize their full potential
and contribute meaningfully to building
the nation.

As a learner-centered public institution,

the Department of Education
continuously improves itself
to better serve its stakeholders.
Mission
DEPED MISSION

To protect and promote the right of every Filipino to quality, equitable,

culture-based, and complete basic education where:

Students learn in a child-friendly, gender-sensitive, safe, and motivating

environment.

Teachers facilitate learning and constantly nurture every learner.

Administrators and staff, as stewards of the institution, ensure an enabling

and supportive environment for effective learning to happen.

Family, community, and other stakeholders are actively engaged and share
responsibility for developing life-long learners.
Goal
1. Inclusive education aims to mainstream
students with special needs in a flexible learning
environment for acquiring quality education that
optimizes their potential for holistic development.
This goal depends upon teachers who can
attain inclusivity in the educational system by
shaping positive values, providing knowledge,
and developing the skills of exceptional students
to cope with life's challenges.
Goal
2. Recognize and respect
learners’ rights to relevant and
responsive to their contexts.

“No learner should be left

behind”.
B. Inclusive Education in Other Countries

1. Individuals with Disabilities

Education Act (IDEA), USA
- a law that makes available a
free appropriate public education
to eligible children with disabilities
throughout the nation and ensures
special education and related
services to those children.
B. Inclusive Education in Other Countries

The IDEA governs how states

and public agencies provide
early intervention, special
education, and related services to
more than 7.5 million (as of school
year 2018-19) eligible infants,
toddlers, children, and youth with
disabilities.
B. Inclusive Education in Other Countries
Infants and toddlers, birth
through age 2, with disabilities and
their families receive early
intervention services (under IDEA
Part C ).
Children and youth ages 3
through 21 receive special
education and related services
(under IDEA Part B).
IDEA- USA
Congress reauthorized
the IDEA in 2004 and most
recently amended the IDEA
through Public Law 114-95,
the Every Student Succeeds
Act, in December 2015.
IDEA- United States of America
In the law, Congress states:
Disability is a natural part of the
human experience and in no way diminishes
the right of individuals to participate in or
contribute to society.
Improving educational results for children
with disabilities is an essential element of
our national policy of ensuring equality of
opportunity, full participation,
independent living, and economic self-
sufficiency for individuals with disabilities.
2. Other Countries Supporting Special and
Inclusive Education
1. 158 countries/ members of the United Nations have
adopted the UN Convention including the Philippines
2. China
3. Singapore
4. Thailand
5. United Kingdom
6. Germany
7. Spain
8. USA
9. Canada
10. Australia, etc
The Barriers of Inclusion or Inclusive Education

1. lack of adequately trained teachers

2. accessible buildings
3. peer support
4. challenging bullying
5. much more integration than inclusion

6. Philippines: lack of knowledge about inclusion

or inclusive education and resources
7. teachers are not trained