Biology : Case Study

Nervous System
Anustubh Mishra 23BCS13106
Rahul Chauhan 23BCS12035
Ayan Ahmed 23BCS12998
Aditya Kumar 23BCS13142
Shivam dube 23BCS12142
Classification of Nervous System
The nervous System is broadly divided into two parts the Central
(CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)
CNS consists of the brain,
spinal cord and brain stem
and is the body’s master
control unit
PNS consists of variety of
Nerves which branch out
from spinal code and are
The body’s link to outside
World
 Central Nervous System
• The central nervous system consists of brain,
brain stem and spinal cord and is primarily
located in the skull and vertebral column
respectively
• Together these parts process the incoming
information from peripheral tissues and
generate commands; telling the tissues how
to respond and function.
• These commands tackle the most complex
voluntary and involuntary human body
functions, from breathing to thinking.
 Brain and its parts
The brain is the largest and most complex mass of nervous tissue. It contains over 100 billion
neurons and controls bodily functions and interactions with the outside world. The brain is
composed of the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain, each with specialized roles
Forebrain: It is the main thinking part of the brain and
consist of cerebrum thalamus and hypothalamus. It
controls all voluntary action process sensory information
from eyes, nose, ear, tongue and skin
Midbrain: It connects the forebrain and hindbrain and
acts as a bridge for signals between them, associated
with motor control, vision, hearing, temperature
regulation, alertness.
Hindbrain: control center of visceral function plays a
role in controlling the heart rate, breathing, blood
pressure, sleep and waking up functions etc.
 Peripheral Nervous System
• The Peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of all the nerves branching
out of the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system). It allows
electrical impulses to travel to and from the furthest regions of the
human body. The PNS is built from spinal nerves and cranial nerves.
• Cranial Nerves : There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that emerge from the
brainstem and spinal cord, innervating the head and neck. They control
functions like smell, vision, eye movements, taste, facial expressions,
hearing, and equilibrium.
• Spinal Nerves : There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, including 8 cervical, 12
thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal pair. They are numbered
according to their vertebral column exit level.