Foreign Policy

Foreign Policy
Endale N. ppp on EFP , SDIR MA Regular

Monday, April 15, 2024 1
2021
3.1. OVERVIEW OF FOREIGN POLICY
 Foreign policy is the combination of rules,
regulations and principles through which an
independent state establish relationship with other
states.
 Foreign policy is a fundamental direction
designed to protect and promote the national
interest abroad
 Foreign policy is supposed to reflect the objective
reality of a given country
2021
OVER VIEWOF FOREIGN POLICY…..
• Foreign policy refers to the implementation of

principles to shape pattern of state behavior
in a process of negotiating with other states
to protect or further its interest
• Foreign policy is the combination of rules,
regulations and principles through which an
independent state establish relationship with
other states.

2021
OVER VIEWOF FOREIGN POLICY…..
• Foreign policy must be based on

domestic considerations to advance
national interests
• External threats may influence and

shape foreign policy, but domestic factors
are the determinant factors
2021
7.2. PRINCIPLES OF FOREIGN POLICY
Major and general principles of foreign
policy are following
1. Principle of equal sovereignty of States
2. Principle of non-interference
3. principle of managing problems diplomatically
5. Principle of relations based on mutual interests
6. Principle of peaceful co-existence
7. Principle of non-alignment
8. Principle of good faith
2021
7.3. Ethiopian Foreign Policy
a) The Founding Elements
 Ethiopia's foreign relations is guided by the
FDRE Constitutional principles and objectives
clearly stipulated under Article 86
 Based on the FDRE Constitutional principles
Ethiopia's foreign relations have since 2002 been
guided by the Foreign Policy and National
Security Strategy.

2021
Ethiopian Foreign Policy…..
• The main purpose of the Strategy has been to
move away the foreign policy orientation of the
previous Ethiopia governments which was
shaped by a siege mentality
• Based on the FDRE Constitution and Foreign
Policy and National Security Strategy, paradigm
shifts were taken like:-
- looking from inside to outside
- avoiding historical enmity
2021
• The other departure of Ethiopia's foreign policy
is the recognition of abject poverty and
backwardness of the country and hence its
survival depends on the attainment of ‫٭‬speedy
economic development, ‫ ٭‬democratization
and ‫ ٭‬peace
• Based on this premises, Foreign Policy and
National Security Strategy (EFNSS) formulates
three basic foundations
2021
The three basic foundations are:-
1. Democracy & development are fundamental goals.
2. Overcoming national humiliation (Poverty,

backwardness) should be the basis for national pride.
3. Pursuing national interest within the framework of

globalization.

2021
7.3. Ethiopian Foreign Policy
b) Major Principles
1. Promoting foreign relations based on protection of
national interest and sovereignty of the country
2. Promoting mutual respect for national sovereignty
and equality of States
3. Principle of non-interference in the internal
affairs of other countries
4. Principle of ensuring foreign relations based on
mutual interests.
2021
5. Principle of observing international agreements
that are not contrary to the interest of Ethiopian
peoples.
6. Principle of promoting ever growing economic union
and fraternal relations of people with neighbors and
other African countries- Ethiopia is known for this
7. Principle of seeking and supporting peaceful
resolutions to international disputes

2021
c) Major Objectives
1. Seize/hold marketing opportunities
- Attracting foreign investment
- Solicit technical and financial support,
- working on grants and loans. (Economic Diplomacy)

2021
2. Eliminate or reduce external security threats,

- widen foreign friends.
- resolve conflicts through dialogue & negotiation
3. Lessen adverse effects of globalization:-
- by working collectively &
- by working individually

2021
Rapid development, democracy and good governance
cannot be seen outside the regional and global contexts.
In the process of globalization the world economy has
become interconnected and an international division of
labor has been introduced.
It is impossible to operate outside of this context.
Countries are either producers or aid recipients in the
globalizing economy. There are no exceptions and no
country is outside of this global economy.

2021
It is through fully exploiting the opportunity of
globalization provides us, lessening the constraints it
creates, and becoming active participants in the
process of globalization , that we can promote our
interests and security. There is no other way.
Globalization has its laws and procedures which
may not be fair. Besides international law, there are
covenants governing international economic and
other forms of relations and there are institutions that
serve them.

2021
When we argue that we should adopt a foreign and
security policy which can promote our interest and
security in the framework of globalization, we are
referring to a policy that can effectively integrate us
into the international system.
It also means a policy that is based on mutual

benefit, give and take, negotiation and mutual respect
rather than one that advances unilateral interests.

2021
d) Major Strategies
1. Focus on activities at home
 Define what can be done by ourselves
 Identify the gap to be filled by foreign assistance.
2. Economy should be the center
 Relationships should be based first on economic matters.
 Why only economic development?

2021
3. Decision based on proper analysis
 This will help in the proper utilization of
benefits.
 Identify who provides what and on which
basis.
 Identify sources of threats
 Identify their concern.

2021
4. Reduce Vulnerability to threats
 Vulnerability can be reduced through addressing
Poverty, Backwardness, lack of Good Governance by:-
- establish strong democratic institutions.
- assuring the rule of laws, accountability, transparency….
- dealing with those who operate outside the legal environment
- building strong defense & security capability without compromising
economy activities.

2021
5. Build a reliable defense capability without
compromising economy activities and growth.
6. Build strong implementation capacity

 Forge (Build) national consensus.
 Strengthen professionalism.
 Coordinate all actors (Public, private, civic)

2021
3.4. RELATIONS WITH OTHER COUNTRIES
1. General Background
 Countries of the Horn can be characterized as:-
 They have long standing links (language, Culture,
history, natural resources, common border etc)
 They have been impacting each other negatively
and/or positively
 Ethiopia is the only land locked, while all the neighbors
countries have ports
 Therefore, how can we persuade our neighbors in
order to materialize our national interest i.e.
development, democracy and peace.
2021
ETHIOPIA'S RELATION WITH OTHER COUNTRIES
2. In terms of economic development

• Our neighbors find themselves in similar economic
conditions. (Cannot be considered as the source of foreign
investment, development, finance, loans grants etc.)
• Our neighbors have ports, we do not have. (Potential for
mutual benefit)
• In the future they can be an important economic partners but
at this particular moment, the cooperation lies in the
provision & utilization of services like port, electricity……

2021
3. In terms of democratization
 Our neighbors are beginners like us (we can not expect
financial assistance to build institutions)
 Our neighbors could be a possibility of promoting
extremism and terrorism
 Our neighbors may take territory claims to its extreme and
may cause conflicts
 our neighbors could fall under the influence of others (Our
democratization Process could be undermined)

2021
4. Ethiopia impact on neighboring countries

• Ethiopia holds half of the inhabitants of the Horn of
Africa.- population size
• It is located at the center of the Horn. (the direction
we follow has an impact on them)
• As our economy grows, we would need greater port
service (beneficial to our neighbors).
• As the democratization process deepens, our neighbors
could feel sense of security (a country ready to resolve
conflicts peacefully)
2021

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Foreign Policy

Endale N. ppp on EFP , SDIR MA Regular

• Foreign policy refers to the implementation of

Endale N. ppp on EFP , SDIR MA Regular

• Foreign policy must be based on

• External threats may influence and

Endale N. ppp on EFP , SDIR MA Regular

2. Overcoming national humiliation (Poverty,

3. Pursuing national interest within the framework of

Endale N. ppp on EFP , SDIR MA Regular

Endale N. ppp on EFP , SDIR MA Regular

- Solicit technical and financial support,

- working on grants and loans. (Economic Diplomacy)

Endale N. ppp on EFP , SDIR MA Regular

2. Eliminate or reduce external security threats,

- resolve conflicts through dialogue & negotiation

3. Lessen adverse effects of globalization:-

- by working collectively &

Endale N. ppp on EFP , SDIR MA Regular

Endale N. ppp on EFP , SDIR MA Regular

Endale N. ppp on EFP , SDIR MA Regular

It also means a policy that is based on mutual

Endale N. ppp on EFP , SDIR MA Regular

Endale N. ppp on EFP , SDIR MA Regular

Endale N. ppp on EFP , SDIR MA Regular

Endale N. ppp on EFP , SDIR MA Regular

6. Build strong implementation capacity

Endale N. ppp on EFP , SDIR MA Regular

2. In terms of economic development

Endale N. ppp on EFP , SDIR MA Regular

Endale N. ppp on EFP , SDIR MA Regular

4. Ethiopia impact on neighboring countries

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