HISTORY OF

UNIVERSITY
EDUCATION IN
BURMA-
MYANMAR
By: Myshel A. Prajes
 Introduction
Burmese replaced English as the medium of instruction at
Burmese universities in 1965, with the passing of the New
University Education Law a year earlier. This led to a rapid
decline in English proficiency among the Burmese. English was
reintroduced as a medium of instruction in 1982.
Due to students' protest of 8888
Uprising,

-all universities were closed around

Burma for two years
- The military government arranged
irregular commencement dates for
universities and colleges. Another series
of students' strike in 1996 and 1998 Imp e r i a l
resulted in another three years of
Un i v e r s i t y
closure.
After the re-opening of universities
and colleges in 1999

• the government scattered universities in

different regions
• The relocation of certain universities
were made
• New system had been made that the
university term was shortened by one
year
Myanmar Universities, Political Activism and
Government Control

Salai Bawi Lian of the Chin Human

British colonial era
Rights Organization wrote
“The military regime in Burma has
Universities have traditionally been hotbeds
violated the right to education by closing
of education since the British colonial era.
universities and colleges in the country
Under Myanmar’s military regime, in many
for about 9 years within the past 16 years
cases, only students who studied technical
because the military regime views
subjects and promised to stay out of politics
students as a threat to their dictatorial
were welcome.
rule as students are the only vocal group
that have been standing fearlessly against
the military regime.”
 u c a t i o n
b y a y E d
na , T h a
o A r oh a
r di ng t r k
A c c o Ne t w o s i n
a m p u s e
l e a s h . C n s f a r
y t i g h t l o c a t i o
t i c u l a r l s o l a t e d e
a p a r t e t o i e r c l o s
k e p t on t o r e l o c a a r e u n d
t i e s a r e o r c e d p u s e s s o f u p
n i v e rs i w e r e f n s . C a m p e ri o d
“ U n d a la y c o n c e r o s e f o r
a n d M a c u r i t y d t o c l l a rg e
n g o o n u e t o s e n f o r c e u r a g e d
R a n t e rs d a v e b e e s d i sc o t o f
c i t y c e s i t i e s h e n t h a op m e n
fr o m u ni v e r o v e r n m e d e v e l t o
c e a n d n m a r g a n d t h i v e r si t y
l l a n M y a s e s , u n
survei y e a r s . T h e
t s o n c a m p u
d e n t s o f o n e
t o fo u r s t u d e n f o r s t u
i o n s o f i l l e g a l r.
e n t r a t k i n g i t a n o t h e
c onc r k s , b y m a
a m p u s o f
t n e t w o e r t h e c
s tu d e n e n t
 h a b y a y
h a n a, T
g t o A r o
c c o r d i n w o r k
A i o n N e t
E d u c a t d i s t a n c e
i o n o f
ans e ar
h e e xp y s a y
i t i z e d t f e w d a
o p r i o r o n l y a e s t h a t
h a s a l s s p e n d i v e r s i t i
n m e n t t u d e n t s r o f u n
e g o ve r h e r e s n u m b e e r t i a ry
T h r a m s , w s m a l l m o s t t
n p r o g e a r e a u a l i t y , r a t h e r
i o e r e q p
e duc a t . A l t h o u g h t h
t o b e o f s o m
r u b b e r s t a m
e :
p u s e r e d a s a [S o u r c
on c a m u rs e s c o n s i d
e w e d s i m p l y
i n s o c i e t y .
o v i n
offer c y a n m a r i s
e p a r t i c i p a t i o
o r k ]
i o n in M f f e c t i v n N e t w
e duc a t n f o r e u c a t i o
p a r a t i o y a y E d
p r e h a b
t ha n a Ar o h a n a , T
 References
https://factsanddetails.com/southeast-
asia/myanmar/sub5_5f/entry-3117.html
 WHAT IS OPEN
DISTANCE
LEARNING?
AN OVERVIEW TO
PROMOTE HIGHER
EDUCATION FROM CLASS
TO MASS
By: Myshel A. Prajes
 ABSTRACT
The Open Learning or Distance education system is a teaching
learning process where teachers and learners are not assembled in
a prior settled place called schools and colleges
 is a process of
There is pro democratizing teaching and
per learning of knowledge,
distance bet
ween which was often kept secret
teachers and
learners. in the traditional/classroom
teaching – learning
process.
Open
Learning or
T h ey n e
ti
v
o
e
n
r
a
i
l
n
t
t
e
e
a
r
c
a
h
c t
ing
like
Distance
d i
tra
learning p r o c e s s
a
.
c
In
h ing
th is
Education te a c h e rs a n d s t u d e nts do
p t t h e t e no t me et
System
con c e
p r o c e s s i n v o lves
learning
l e a r n i n g m a t e r ia l
s el f
.L . M .) a n d t e c h n i ca l
(S
media.
 Scope of Open Learning
System Professional and
Adults who desire to
acquire university level manpower groups which
qualification but cannot require vocational
Open learning
apply for entry to the training professional
system is for those
conventional universities updating and increasing
who leave the knowledge levels but
because of lack of
school, but are cannot be released from
educational qualification
qualified for required for entry and their employment to
traditional schooling. other individual family attend a campus based
reasons. institution or training
college.
Naturally distance learning institutions are called by
different name such as institution without walls,
television/computer institution, universities of air,
correspondence universities etc. The word "Open" in
open universities reflects openness, openness with
regard to student's openness with regard to place of
study, openness with regard to course and openness
with regard to completion of studies.
 Open learning system's
education process in not class
room based but home based,
and students can study at their
own place. It offers scope for
independent choice of courses
and application of effort and
its course are flexible.
Its teaching method
utilizes all the possible
communication and
information technologies
so that student may get
ultra learning of
knowledge.
 Generally we use
multimedia instructional
system as print, broad cost,
non broad cost, audio-
visuals, practical work and
inter personal
communication, in open
learning system.
 Open learning system is
multidimensional system for modern
global village. It has logic that every
individual is born free and the man who
will read and learn will get the
knowledge.
 f o r m a l
i a n o n - i s
I n In d u c a t i o n
a n c e e d f
o n / d i st e n t a l o
ed u c a t i n st ru m
a s a n i c a u s e
g u s e d l i c y b e
b e i n o n a l p o i o n
e d u c a t i r a t i z a t
t i o n a l d e m o c
na a t i o n a l c i a l
u t e d u c a l o f s o
w i t h o t t h e g o
n n o t g e
w e c a c r a c y .
dem o
 .) o p e n
( O .D . L
a s e d o n e s s t o
s i t i e s b i d e a c c
U n i v e r m p r o v f
T h e g s y s t e e n t s o
l e a r n i n g e s e g m
a n c e o r l a r t a g e d
d i st u c a t i o n f
d i s a d v a n
g h e r e d t i c u l a r, a n d
h i , i n p a r e m o t e
o n a n d i n g i n r
p u l a t i o s e l i v o p l e ,
po c h a s t h k i n g p e
u p s s u n g w o r s h t o
gro i n c l u d i h o w i
l a r e a s a d u l t s w
rura a n d o t h e r
e t h r o u g h
a k e r s o w l e d g
hom e m u i r e k n
e o r a c q
g r a d i e s .
up st u d
 Conclusion
In short we can say that open learning system
is future of our teaching -learning process,
because India like developing and
undeveloped countries have no infrastructure
to meet the challenges of higher education in
21st century because of their population
growth due to shortage of resources to
improve the density of higher education . So it
must be promoted by the government to
educate our future generation .
References
https://
www.inspirajournals.com
/
uploads/Issues/128276010
1.pdf
Thanks
MYSHEL A. PRAJES

!
Reporter