INCLUSION

Inclusion in the foundation of inclusive education refers to

the practice of ensuring that all students, including those
with disabilities, have access to quality education and are
fully included in the learning environment. It focuses on
removing barriers to learning and promoting equal
opportunities for all students.
THE THEORIES
Behaviorism

Behaviorism is a theory that focuses on observable

behaviors and the environmental factors that influence
them. In the context of inclusion education, behaviorism
emphasizes the use of positive reinforcement, rewards,
and structured interventions to support students with
diverse needs.
Cognitivism

Cognitivism is a theory that focuses on the mental processes

involved in learning, such as perception, memory, and problem-
solving. In the context of inclusion education, cognitivism
emphasizes the importance of understanding and addressing the
cognitive processes of students with diverse learning needs.
Constructivism

Constructivism is a theory that emphasizes the active

construction of knowledge by learners through their own
experiences and interactions with the environment. In the
context of inclusion education, constructivism promotes
hands-on, experiential learning that allows students with
diverse needs to construct their own understanding of
concepts.
Social System Theory

Social system theory, developed by Niklas Luhmann,

examines how social systems function and interact. In
the context of inclusion education, this theory explores
the complex dynamics and relationships within
educational systems and how they impact the
implementation of inclusive practices.
THE AGENDA 20230
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a
global framework adopted by the United Nations in
2015. It consists of 17 Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs) and 169 targets, aiming to address
various social, economic, and environmental
challenges and promote sustainable development
worldwide.
SDG 4: Quality Education

SDG 4 focuses on ensuring inclusive and equitable quality

education for all. Inclusion education is a key aspect of SDG
4, as it emphasizes the importance of providing equal
educational opportunities and support for all students,
including those with disabilities, special needs, and learning
differences.
SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities

SDG 10 aims to reduce inequalities within and among

countries. Inclusion education plays a vital role in achieving
this goal by addressing educational disparities and ensuring
that all students have access to quality education, regardless
of their socio-economic background, gender, disability, or
other characteristics.
SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions

SDG 16 focuses on promoting peaceful and inclusive societies,

providing access to justice for all, and building effective,
accountable, and inclusive institutions. Inclusion education
contributes to SDG 16 by fostering social inclusion, promoting
diversity and tolerance, and creating inclusive learning
environments that support the well-being and development of all
students.
THANK YOU!