Reviewer in UCSP

1st Semester: 2nd Quarter

Understanding
Culture, society, and
Politics

Submitted By:
Nicole N. Palicpic
12 ABM Compassion

Submitted to:
Mrs. Althea Vinson
Mayor
 Kinship, marriage, and the
household
Lesson 1

Kinship
- a bond of blood or marriage which binds people
together in a group.
- socially recognized relationships based on supposed
as well as actual genealogical ties.
Types of Kinship
1.) Affinal Kinship Mal
e
- based on marriage Fema
2.) Consanguineous le
= marriage bond
Kinship
| descent bond
- people that are
— condescend bond
traced by blood.
Kinship by Blood
∙ Descent System
- reckoned in a =
number of different
ways around the
world resulting in a
variety of descent
patterns and kinship
groups.

Kinship Diagram = representation

One individual – ego: a person to whom all
kinship relationships are referred; and
gender non-specific.
 Kinship, marriage, and the
household
Lesson 1
Unilineal Descent
- this traces descent
Brother – Br only through a single line
Sister – Si or ancestors, male or
Father – Fa female.
Mother - Mo
3 Basic Forms of
Unilineal Descent
1.) Patrilineal Descent
Mal - both males and
e females belong to their
Fema
father’s kinship, but not
le
Male or their mothers. However,
Female only males pass on their
family identity to their
children.
2.) Matrilineal Descent
- follows a female
line. When using this
= pattern, individuals are
relatives if they can trace
descent through females
to the same female
ancestors.
3.) Bilineal Descent
- when both
patrilineal and matrilineal
descent principles are
combined.
 Kinship, marriage, and the
household
Lesson 1

Kinship by Blood
Polygamy
Marriage is an
- “the practice of
institution that admits multiple marriages.”
men and women to
family. 1.) Polygyny
Monogamy is the - is the practice of
practice of having one man loving/having
only one spouse at a more than one wife or
sexual partner at a time.
time.
∙ Social Monogamy – the e.g. Mormonism
person that lives together, 2.) Polyandry
has sex with one another, - involves women
and cooperates in having multiple husbands.
occurring basic resources e.g. Fraternal
such as food, clothes, and Polyandry
Residence Pattern: 4
more.
Major Residence
∙ Sexual Monogamy – the
person that remains Pattern
sexually exclusive with 1.) Neological
one another and has no Residence – most
outside sex partners. common in North
∙ Genetic Monogamy – America. This is
two partners that only where the couple finds
have offspring.
their own house,
∙ Serial Monogamy – a
series of relationship. independent from all
family members.
 Kinship, marriage, and the
household Family and the
2.) Patrilocal Residence – Lesson 1
is used commonly with
herding and farming
societies. It’s where the
married couple lives with
the husband’s father’s
family.
3.) Matrilocal Residence
– most common in
horticultural groups. It’s
where the couple moves
to live where the wife
grew up; usually found in
Matrilineal Kinship
System.
4.) Avunculocal
Residence – the couple
moves to live with the
husband’s mother’s
brother. They live with
the most significant man,
his uncle, who becomes
it’s
Ritualwhom they will later
Kinship
inherit everything.
∙ Compadrazgo
- in the form of
godparenthood.
- parents selected
godparents for a child at
his or her baptism,
confirmation, and
marriage; co-parent.
Household
1.) Nuclear Family – a
family consisting of a
married man and
woman and their
biological child.
2.) Extended Family –
where grandparents or
aunt and uncle play a
major role in the
children’s upbringing.
3.) Conditionally
Separated Family – a
family member is
separated from the
rest as the family
includes employment
far away: military
service and etc.
4.) Transnational
Politics of
Family – Kinship
these
- “blood live
families is thicker than
in more
water.”
than one country.
- found in tribal societies
where kin is applied to
determine the system of
communal leadership.
- should not be seized
from kinship.
 Political and Leadership
structure
Lesson 2

Political Organizations
Social Ranking System
Political Organization
(Chiefdom)
involves issues like
allocation of political
roles, levels of political hig ruling elite

integration, h
political
headed by a
king
craftsman,
power
concentrations of power and
traders, and
bureaucrats

and authority, mechanism wealth farmers

(commoners)

of social control, and low

Types conflicts.
resolving of Political
Organization 4.) State – a political
1.) Band – usually a unit that has
very small, oftentimes sovereignty — the
nomadic group that is legitimate and
connected by family ultimate authority of
ties and is politically the state — over an
independent. area of territory and
2.) Tribe – a the people with it.
combination of
smaller kin or non-kin Difference between
groups, linked by a State from Nation
common culture, that
usually acts as one.
3.) Chiefdom – a STAT NATI
political unit headed E ON
by a chief, who holds Politic Ethnic
al Conce
power over more than
concep pt
one community
 Education as Social
institution
Lesson 3
∙ Transmission of
knowledge
3.) Social Purpose
∙ Good Interpersonal – to socialize children
Relationship into various roles,
∙ A place for the behaviors, and values
Purpose of Education
contemplation of of society.
1.) Intellectual
reality – to help solve social
Purposes problems.
– to teach basic – to help ensure social
cognitive skills cohesion.
– to transmit specific 4.) Economic Purpose
knowledge – to prepare students
– to help students for their later
acquire HOTS occupational roles.
(Higher-Order – to select, train, and
Thinking Skills) allocate individuals
2.) Political Purposes into the division of
– to include allegiance labor.
to the existing Functions of School
political order. (by Yin Cheong
– to prepare students Cheng)
who will participate in 1.)
the political order. Technical/Economic
– to assimilate diverse Function
cultural groups into a – contribution of the
common political school to
order. technical/economic
– to teach children the development.
2.) Human/Social
Function
Education as Social
– the social institution
contribution of schools Lesson 36 Major Manifest
to human development
and social relationships
of different levels of
society.
3.) Political Function
– the contribution of
schools to political
development at
different levels of
society.
4.) Cultural Function
– the contribution of
schools to cultural
transmission and
development at
different levels of
society.
5.) Education Function
– the contribution of
schools to the
development and
maintenance of
education at the
different levels of
society.
6.) Manifest Function
– the contribution as
the open and intended
goals or consequences
Functions of
Education in Society
› social control
- teaching values;
respect, obedience,
punctuality, and
perseverance.
› socialization
- academic subjects
and political
socialization.
› social placement
- to fill available
positions in society.
› transmitting culture
- a conservable
function –
transmitting the
dominant culture.
› promoting social and
political integration
- composed of
diverse ethnic and
religious groups into a
society whose
members share a
common identity.
 Education as Social
institution
Lesson 3

through its libraries,

› agent of change
other devices recorded
- each society’s
accumulated
distinctive beliefs and
experiences of the
traditions can be 2.) Instructional
past generations.
shared.
7.) Latent Functions Function
– the hidden, unstated, – to pass on the
and sometimes accumulated
unintended experiences of the
consequences of past generations to the
activities within an incoming generations.
organization.
3.) Research Function
3 Types of Latent – the school conducts
Functions research to improve
a.) restricting some the old ways of doing
activities things or discover
b.) matchmaking and unknown facts or
production of social systems to improve
networks the quality of human
c.) creation of a life.
Functions gap
generation of School
(by Calderon) 4.) Social Service
1.) Conservation Function
Function – to render some kind
– conserves and of social service in the
preserves
 Religion and belief
system
Lesson 4
Religion
– a set of attitudes,
beliefs, and practices,
pertaining to
supernatural beings
and forces.
Religious and Non-
religious phenomena
Kikuyu of Kenya
– vomiting is a
religious practice as it
eliminates all the evil
in a person’s body.
In most societies
– vomiting is not
conceived religious,
as it is understood as a
typical biological
event.
Spiritual and Natural
World
Nyoro (Uganda)
– believe that the two
worlds are not
separate and that they
connect in one space.
Christians
– believe that there is
a spiritual world:
heaven and hell, that
is separated from the
natural world: earth.
Religion
– can be found in all
human societies
which makes it
culturally universal.
Religion during the
ancient periods
– Egyptians,
Greek, and
Sumerians
Evidence 1: Cave
Wall Carvings
– earliest record on
the existence of
religion that dates
to 60,000 years ago.
 Religion and belief
system
Lesson 4

Evidence 2: Religion and Mythology of

Ancient Greek
Greek Roman God/Goddesses of:

Zeus Jupiter Father of Gods; Sky

Hera Juno Wife of Zeus, marriage,

childbirth, and women

Aphrodite Venus Love and Beauty

Ares Mars War

Athena Minerva War and Wisdom

Artemis Diana Hunting, Fertility, and

Childbirth

Apollo Apollo Sun. Music, Prophecy,

Archery

Hermes Mercury Messenger of Gods, healing,

communication

Hephaustus Vulcan Fire, volcanoes, blacksmith,

and crafts

Poseidon Neptune Sea, causes, and earthquakes

Hestia Vesta Heath, family

Demeter Ceres Corn and crops

Hades Pluto underworld

 Religion and belief
system
Lesson 4

Functions of Religion

Theoretical
Major Assumptions
Perspective

Emile Durkheim
• Religion serves several
functions for society:
1.) Giving meaning & purpose
in life.
2.) Reinforcing social unity &
Functionalism
stability
3.) Social control of behavior
4.) Promoting physical and
psychological well-being.
5.) Motivating people to work
for position social change.

Karl Marx
Conflict Theory • Promotes social inequality
and social conflict.

Max Weber
Symbolic • Beliefs and practices are
Interactionism not sacred unless people
regard them as such.
 Religion and belief
system
Religious Patterns Lesson 4
Institutionalized
1.) Animism Religion
– beliefs that the – also called
natural world, as a organized religion, is
whole or in parts, has a religion in which
a soul or spirit. belief systems and
As a whole – world Characteristics
rituals are of
spirit, mother earth, Institutionalized
systematically
Gaia Religion
arranged and formally
In Parts – rocks, trees, 1.) Wide Scale
established.
springs, and animals Religious Clout
– immense that
2.) Polytheism crosser political and
– belief in more than international borders
one deity which is and cuts across social
characterized by the status.
worship of many 2.) Hierarchal
deities. Leadership and
– “poly” = many Membership
– “theism” = God – systems are
relegated to socio-
3.) Monotheism path, political posts
– belief in one god within the system
who is accountable for which provides
all the things ranking and status.
happening in the 3.) Codified Rituals
world including the – guided by written
world’s creator and rules and regulations
 Religion and belief
system
Lesson 4

Separation of Church and State

– The 1987 Philippine Constitution Article III,
Section 6 states that “the separation of Church and
State shall be inviolable.”
– “theocracy“ = the rule of divine
3.) Medium
Types of Religious – well favored by the
Practitioners members of her
1.) Shaman community as she is
– also known as a involved in healing
community healer. rituals while in a
– usually occupied by possessed trance.
a male who has a 4.) Priest
fairly high status in – tend to be male
his community. where sole
2.) Sorcerer and Witch preoccupation is to
– poorly regarded in officiate religious
their societies due to ceremonies and
the perceived Types and Major
rituals.
malevolence that they Forms of Religious
inflict on individuals. Activities
∙ Sorcerer – uses 1.) Magic
“materials, objects, 2.) Divination
and medicines” 3.) Sorcery and
∙ Witch – “thoughts Witchcraft
and emotions” 4.) Prayer, Feast, &
Sacrifices
 Religion and belief
system
Lesson 4

Cult
– a small group of individuals who have extreme
religious beliefs and practices.
– the degree of complexity of the organizations is
related to the extent by which labor specialization to
enforced in society.
Four Types of Cults
1.) Individualistic Cults
– practiced in food and clothing societies where equality is
central to the group’s culture.
2.) Shamanistic Cults
– helps in shaman or medicine man; healing, intercessions, &
punishment.
3.) Communal Cults
– has direct access to the divine except for situations that
need a shaman and witch’s expertise.
4.) Ecclesiastical Cults
– have fuel time for religious practitioners — priests.
 Health institutions
Lesson 5

Health
– is according to the World Health Organization
Health Domains
(WHO) 1948, defined as the state of complete
1.) Physical
physical, Health
mental, and social well-being.
– refers to the way
Culture-Specific
that your body
Syndrome and
functions.
Illnesses
2.) Psychological
In the Philippine
Health
setting, many
– the ability to
medical-related terms
recognize reality and
have been developed
cope with the demand
throughout the
of everyday life.
country’s
a.) Bughat origin.
3.) Emotional Health – is described as
– expressing your something that happens to
emotions in a positive a person that has recently
and non-destructive healed from sickness but
way. then shortly gets sick
4.) Social Health after.
– one example of culture-
– the quality of
specific illness.
relationships with b.) Usog
family, friends, – the child is
teachers, and overpowered or nauusog
classmates. by the stranger and may
5.) Spiritual Health feel afraid or get sick.
– maintaining a – usually happens to
young children.
 Health institutions
Lesson 5

System of Diagnostics, Prevention, and Healing

– medicine in the world is very vast in its scope.
1.) Traditional
Medicines and
Healing Treatment
Most cases of
countries that use
traditional healing can
be found in some
parts of Asia and
Africa.
Examples of
Traditional Healing
include:
a.) acupuncture
b.) herbalism
c.) use of Chinese
medicine
d.) rubs
2.) Western Medicine
Their practices and
methods are western
medical and scientific.
Surgery – a well-
known forefront of
western medicine.
3.) Alternative
Healing
These healing are
not backed up by
scientific facts but
have still proven
successful in healing
illness and
psychological strains.
Examples of
Alternative Healing
a.) Christian faith
healing
b.) traditional Chinese
medicine
c.) naturopathy
d.) homeopathy
Health as a Human
e.) chiropractor
Right
The health of the
majority of the
world’s population is
still an impending
issue that needs to be
solved.