UCSP ( QUARTER 2 )

Group 1 Presentation
 TOPIC 1
KINSHIP BY BLOOD
TOPIC 2
KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE
TOPIC 3
KINSHIP BY RITUAL

Agenda TOPIC 4
FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD
TOPIC 5
POLITICS OF KINSHIP
TOPIC 6
POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS
TOPIC 7
AUTHORITY AND LEGITIMACY
MEET OUR TEAM !!

JADY ANDIADE JOHN LUSTER TOBIAS SHEINA DOMINGO NAOMI QUEEN TENEZA
LEADER MEMBER MEMBER EDITOR

CHARISSE TURAJA
MEMBER
 TOPIC 1 KINSHIP BY BLOOD
(UNILINEAL, MATRILINEAL, PATRILINEAL, BILATERAL)
 KINSHIP

• Kinship is the most universal and basic of all

human relationships and is based on ties of blood,
marriage, or adoption.
• Kinship is a "system of social organization based
on real or putative family ties," according to
Encyclopedia Britannica. But in sociology, kinship
involves more than family ties, according to the
Sociology Group:

TOPIC 1 KINSHIP BY BLOOD 5

TWO BASIC KINDS OF
KINSHIP TIES Topic 1
 1. Kinship by blood - Those based on blood that trace descent.

• Kinship by blood is a rather antiquated term which brings up racist

connotations. This term may be phased out of the language in in
coming decades. What the term intends to convey is that people are
biologically related to one another. This is a way of saying that
people are genetically related. In other words, they are not related to
each other by virtue of marriage or adoption or some other social
process of formation of a relationship.

TOPIC 1 KINSHIP BY BLOOD 7

Types of
Kinship by
Blood
Topic 1
 Unilinea
• Unilineal kinship systems, as they are called, are of two main
types—patrilineal (or agnatic) systems, in which the
relationships reckoned through the father are emphasized.
Unilineal descent that follows the male line. With this pattern,
people are related if they can trace descent through males to the
same male ancestor. Both males and females inherit a patrilineal
family membership but only males can pass it on to their
descendants. Also known as "agnatic descent.

TOPIC 1 KINSHIP BY BLOOD 9

 Matrilinea
• Matrilineal society, group adhering to a kinship system
in which ancestral descent is traced through maternal
instead of paternal lines (the latter being termed
patrilineage or patriliny. In matrilineal kinship systems,
lineage and inheritance are traced through a group's
female members and children are part of their mother's
kinship group.

TOPIC 1 KINSHIP BY BLOOD 10

 Patrineal
• Patrilineality, also known as the male line, the spear side
or agnatic kinship, is a common kinship system in which
an individual's family membership derives from and is
recorded through their father's lineage. Patri comes from
the Latin word for father, pater. Linearity comes from the
Latin word for line, linea. Patrilineal kinship is therefore
kinship based on the father's line.

TOPIC 1 KINSHIP BY BLOOD 11

 Bilateral
• A system of kinship in which children are considered to belong
equally to both the father's and mother's side of the family. It
contrasts with patrilineal kinship, in which descent is traced through
the father's line; and matrilineal kinship, where descent is traced
through the mother's line. In a society which reckons descent
bilaterally (bilineal), descent is reckoned through both father and
mother, without unilineal descent groups. Societies with the Eskimo
kinship system, like the Inuit, Yupik, and most Western societies, are
typically bilateral

TOPIC 1 KINSHIP BY BLOOD 12

 TOPIC 2 KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE
(MONOGAMY VS. POLYGAMY, POST-MARITAL RESIDENCY RULES, REFERRED MARRIAGE PARTNER)
 KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE
• Kinship by marriage refers to the relationships that arise through
marriage rather than blood ties. When individuals marry, they
become kin to each other's families. For example, a person's in-
laws, such as their spouse's parents, siblings, and extended
family, are considered kin by marriage. This form of kinship is
socially and culturally significant, as it establishes connections
and responsibilities within a broader social network.

TOPIC 2 KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE 14

Types of Kinship
By Marriage
TOPIC 2
 Types of Kinship By Marriage

• Monogamy
• Polygamy
• Post-marital residency rules
• Referred marriage partners

TOPIC 2 KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE 16

 MONOGAMY
• Monogamy is defined as marriage with only one
person at a time or the practice of having only one
mate. It is the only legal form of marriage in the
United States, and we may take it for granted as the
standard mating system. In other cultures, however,
it is quite common to have multiple wives and/or
husbands
TOPIC 2 KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE 17
 Polygamy
• Polygamy is defined as marriage between one
person and two or more spouses
simultaneously. It exists in two main forms:
polygyny, where one man is married to several
women, and polyandry, where one woman is
married to several men.

TOPIC 2 KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE 18

 Post-marital residency rules
• Post-marital residency refers to where the
bride and groom go to live after the
wedding, with respect to the bride's
parents and family and the groom's
parents and family.

TOPIC 2 KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE 19

 Referred marriage partners
• Referred marriage partners generally refers to individuals who
are recommended or suggested as potential spouses by
someone, such as family members, friends, or matchmakers. It
implies that the individuals may not have met organically but
are brought together through the recommendation or referral of
others.

TOPIC 2 KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE 20

TOPIC 3
KINSHIP BY RITUAL
(COMPADRAZGO)
 RITUAL KINSHIP
• Describes important relationships outside of blood and
marriage. Ritual kinships and also known as compadrazgo
are a type of kinship related to affinity. Relationships that
would be considered ritual kinships are god-parents, close
family friends and informally ''adopted'' children. In Spain
and Latin America, compadrazgo is a widespread and
elaborate form of “godparenting,” or ritual kinship,
organized around Roman Catholic ceremonies of baptism,
confirmation, and marriage.

TOPIC 3 KINSHIP BY RITUAL 22

TOPIC 4 FAMILY AND THE HOUSEHOLD
(NUCLEAR, EXTENDED, AND RECONSTITUTED FAMILIES)
 Family and the household

• Family refers to a group of people living

together and functioning as a single
household, usually consisting of parents
and their children.

TOPIC 4 FAMILY AND THE HOUSEHOLD 24

3 types of Family and the
household
• Nuclear Family
• Extended Family
• Reconstituted Family
 Nuclear Family
• a family consisting of two parents and their children,
but not including aunts, uncles, grandparents, etc.

Extended Family
• a family group which includes relatives such as
uncles, aunts, and grandparents, as well as parents,
children, and brothers and sisters.

TOPIC 4 FAMILY AND THE HOUSEHOLD 26

 Reconstituted Family
•When two families join together after
one or both partners have divorced their
previous partners. This family option
can sometimes be referred to as the
blended family or step family.

TOPIC 4 FAMILY AND THE HOUSEHOLD 27

TOPIC 5 POLITICS OF KINSHIP
(POLITICAL DYNASTY, ALLIANCES)
 Politics of Kinship
• The "politics of kinship" refers to the ways in
which familial relationships, such as family
ties, clan connections, or lineage, influence or
are utilized within political structures, decision-
making, or power dynamics within a society or
a community.

TOPIC 5 POLITICS OF KINSHIP 29

 Dynasty
• A political dynasty occurs when members of the
same family hold positions of political power,
often across multiple generations. This involves
family members holding or running for elected or
appointed positions in government, consolidating
influence within a specific region or country.

TOPIC 5 POLITICS OF KINSHIP 30

 Alliances
• Political alliances are agreements or partnerships
between different political parties, groups, or
nations that share common goals or interests.
These alliances can range from formal treaties to
informal understandings and are often formed to
achieve specific political objectives, gain support,
or increase influence.
TOPIC 5 POLITICS OF KINSHIP 31
TOPIC 6
(BANDS, TRIBES, CHIEFDOMS, STATES, AND NATION)
 Political organizations
• A political organization is any
organization that involves itself in the
political process, including political
parties, non-governmental organizations,
and special interest advocacy groups.

TOPIC 6 POLITICAL ORGANIZATION 33

 Band
• Usually small, formed by several families living together;
oftentimes moving from one place to the other to search for
food. Bands are egalitarian, meaning, all families are equal.
• There is no class differentiation based on wealth; however,
status differences based on gender and age is well-defined.
• There is no formal leadership, instead, those who possess
special skills and knowledge can be raised to become
informal leader.

TOPIC 6 POLITICAL ORGANIZATION 34

 Tribe (Tribu)
• As the population increases, there is a shifting from a basic
form of livelihood to a multiple way of living.
• Organized through pantribal associations in the form of
councils, tribal leaders, elders, etc. due to the presence of
multiple communities in a tribe.

• Commonly headed by a village headman who perform

leadership roles but has limited political power. Most tribes
remain egalitarian.

TOPIC 6 POLITICAL ORGANIZATION 35

 Chiefdom
• A more defined political organization
• Have more or less permanent, fulltime leader with real authority to
make major decisions. These leaders are referred to as the "chief".
Formal leadership exists and authority rests solely on the members of a
select family.
• It is composed of several communities that is ruled by a permanent
paramount chief coming from this elite family. Power is inherited.
• Can either be simple chiefdom or complex chiefdom. Simple chiefdom
is characterized by a single village or community rules by a single
family. A complex chiefdom is composed of several simple chiefdoms
ruled by a single paramount chief residing in a single paramount
center.
TOPIC 6 POLITICAL ORGANIZATION 36
 States VS. Nations
• The advent of modernity has made the process of
consolidating different individuals into one political
community more difficult and complicated. Out of the
breakdown of political organizations, what emerged
was the presence of groups of people that shared a
common history, language, traditions, customs, habits,
and ethnicity. These groups are collectively referred to
as nations.
TOPIC 6 POLITICAL ORGANIZATION 37
 States vs. nations
• On the other hand, a state is a political
unit consisting of a government that has
sovereignty presiding over a group of
people and a well-defined territory and
has the highest form of political
organization.

TOPIC 6 POLITICAL ORGANIZATION 38

TOPIC 7
AUTHORITY AND LEGITIMACY
(TRADITIONAL, CHARISMATIC, RATIONAL)
 Authority
• Authority refers to the right of someone to do something
on behalf of the government.

Legitimacy
• Legitimacy refers to the permission of the people for the
government to do something on behalf of the people. rule of law:
a set of laws that everyone, even the government, had to follow.

TOPIC 7 AUTHORITY AND LEGITIMACY 40

Types of Authority and
Legitimacy
TOPIC 7
 Types of Authority and Legitimacy

•Traditional
•Charismatic
•Rational
TOPIC 7 AUTHORITY AND LEGITIMACY 42
 Traditional Authority
• Traditional authority (also called “traditional
domination”) is when a person or organization has
power or influence derived from long-standing
customs, beliefs, or traditions. Power from traditional
authority comes from people accepting the system's
legitimacy for a long period.

TOPIC 7 AUTHORITY AND LEGITIMACY 43

 Charismatic Authority
• Charismatic authority is a concept of leadership
developed by the German sociologist Max Weber. It
involves a type of organization or a type of leadership
in which authority derives from the charisma of the
leader. This stands in contrast to two other types of
authority: legal authority and traditional authority.

TOPIC 7 AUTHORITY AND LEGITIMACY 44

 Rational Authority
• Rational-legal authority (also known as rational
authority, legal authority, rational domination, legal
domination, or bureaucratic authority) is a form of
leadership in which the authority of an organization or
a ruling regime is largely tied to legal rationality, legal
legitimacy and bureaucracy

TOPIC 7 AUTHORITY AND LEGITIMACY 45

 THAT’S ALL
THANK
YOUUU !!

GROUP 1 UCSP 46