ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. VIII

Tbilisi. 2013-2014

xaTuna bainduraSvili

Seix sananisa da daviT garejelis identobisaTvis

xelnawerTa erovnuli centris aRmosavlur sacavSi daculia

xelnaweri P-174. es aris majd-os-saltanes “qalaq Tbilisis aRwera”.
wignze arsebuli minaweris Tanaxmad, igi 1894 wlis 3 dekembers
(hijr. 1312 weli) majd-os-saltanes brZanebiT vinme seiful-lahs ga-
dauweria. teqsti 1971 wels TargmaniTa da komentarebiT gamosca maia
mamacaSvilma.
majd-os-saltanes “Tbilisis aRwera” warmoadgens axali sparsu-
li saliteraturo enis nimuSs. xelnaweri gadawerilia maRali xaris-
xis evropul qaRaldze momsxvilo kaligrafiuli nasTaliyiT. teqsti
Casmulia ori wiTeli xazisagan Semdgar CarCoSi. yda evropulia, mu-
yaosi. xelnaweris pirveli da meore gverdi ramdenadme dazianebulia.
wigns ar aqvs Sesavali. sainteresoa isic, rom igi bismaliiT ar iwye-
ba. wigni dawerilia martivi eniT da Tavisuflad ikiTxeba. avtori
xSirad iyenebs frangulidan da rusulidan Semotanil terminebs. av-
tors SeniSvnebi striqonebis qveS Camoaqvs, romlebic ufro wvrili
asoebiTaa dawerili, vidre ZiriTadi teqsti. erTi sityviT, avtori
Tavis naSroms garegnulad evropul iers aZlevs.1
generali majd-os-saltane “aRweraSi” gvaZlevs XIX saukunis
bolo wlebis Tbilisis detalur aRweras.
majd-os-saltanes saintereso cnoba aqvs daculi TbilisSi erT-
erTi mTis kalTaze Seix sananis akldamis arsebobis Sesaxeb. m. mama-
caSvili wers, rom mTa, romelsac majd-os saltane asaxelebs, aris

1 majd-os-saltane. qalaq Tbilisis aRwera. teqsti gamosacemad mo-

amzada, Targmani da komentarebi daurTo maia mamacaSvilma. Tb.
1971, gv. 11.

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 xaTuna bainduraSvili. Seix sananisa da daviT garejelis
identobisaTvis

mTawminda da aRniSnavs, rom “Seix-senani _ igive mama daviTia, musli-

manTa gadmocemiT Seix-senans Seuyvarda qarTveli qali, miiRo qris-
tianoba da gaxda mRvdelmsaxuri _ mama daviT garejeli.”2
mama daviT garejelze arsebuli legenda, romlis mixedviTac VI s-
is pirvel mesamedSi Tbilisis mTawmindis kldis gamoqvabulSi moRva-
weobda mama daviTi. igi yovel xuTSabaTs dRevandeli qaSueTis wminda
giorgis saxelobis taZarSi, sadac im dros dedaTa monasteri arse-
bobda, qristianobis ganmtkicebisaTvis qadagebda. mis religiur moRva-
weobas daupirispirdnen mogvebi, romlebmac erT-erTi fexmZime monazo-
ni daiTanxmes, raTa bavSvis mamad saxalxod mama daviTi daesaxelebina.
asec moxda, Tumca, legendis Tanaxmad, bavSvma daviTis moTxovniT de-
dis muclidan daasaxela mamamisis vinaoba. am braldebis gamo xalxma
qali Caqola da “gvami deda-kacisa qvaTaSua datoves. aqedan warmosdga
saxelwodeba qvaSueTi, anu qvaSveTi”. arsebobs legendis sxva versiac:
TiTqos xalxi damorCilebodes mama daviTis mudaras da qalisaTvis
sicocxle eCuqebinos, magram mama daviTis wyevis Tanaxmad, qalma qva
Sva bavSvis magier.3
XXI saukunis dasawyisSi legenda daviT garejelis Sesaxeb ram-
denjerme moxvda samecniero kvlevis sferoSi.4

2 majd-os-saltane. qalaq Tbilisis aRwera, gv. 52.

3 kalistrate cincaZe. qvaSveTis wmidis giorgis eklesia Tfilis-
Si. gamosacemad moamzada, bolosityva da saZiebeli daurTo m. qav-
Tariam. qarTuli eklesiis istoria. masalebi da gamokvlevebi. 2.
Tb. 1994, gv. 9-10, 118; g. sabinini. saqarTvelos samoTxe. sruli aRwe-
raÁ RuawlTa da vnebaTa saqarTuÀlos wmidaTa. peterburgi. 1882.
gv. 268-269; Акты, собранные Кавказскою Археографическою Коммиссiею
(АКАК). Тифлис. 1873. т. V, gv. 1039-1040.
4 m. CxartiSvili. daviTgarejis qvabovani monastris istoriis hagi-

ografiuli wyaroebi. Analecta Iberica (istoriis, religiisa da kul-

turis sakiTxebi). I. Tb. 2001, gv. 140; n. RambaSiZe. wm. daviT gare-
jelTan dakavSirebuli dResaswaulebi, `saqarTvelos siZveleni~.
Tb. 2003. #4-5, gv. 46-50; e. bubulaSvili. saqarTvelos eklesiis siw-
mindeebi. Tb. 2007, gv. 238-240; d. merkvilaZe. sataZro mSeneblobis
dasawyisi daviT-garejis samonastro kompleqsSi. ivane javaxiSvi-
lis istoriisa da eTnologiis institutis Sromebi. IX. Tb. 2009,
gv. 70; n. papuaSvili. saTno gadmocema `mama daviTi da Secdenili
qali~, kreb. `asureli mamebi aRmosavlur da dasavlur tradicieb-
Si~. Tb. 2009, gv. 98; d. merkvilaZe. miTi da istoria xalxur Tqmu-

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 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. VIII

Seix sananisa da mama daviT garejelis identobas yuradReba miaq-

cia m. aleqsiZem.5 mis krebulSi Sesulia avtoris mier 2000-2008
wlebSi dawerili literaturaTmcodneobiTi, wyaroTmcodneobiTi da
istoriuli xasiaTis narkvevebi. XIX saukunis TbilisSi sparsuli
kulturis Seswavlisas avtori detalurad ganixilavs XVIII-XIX sa-
ukuneebis sparseli avtorebis cnobebs TbilisSi Seix sananis akldamis
arsebobis Sesaxeb da aqve saubrobs sparsul, azerbaijanul da qar-
Tul poeziaSi Seix senanis anareklis Sesaxeb. mecniers miaCnia, rom
legenda Seix sananis Sesaxeb qarTul sinamdvileSi XVIII saukuneSi
unda gaCeniliyo.6
daviT garejelisa da Seix sananis identobis sakiTxs Seexo d.
merkvilaZe naSromSi “wm. mama daviT garejeli da misi savaneebi”.
mkvlevari sargeblobs mxolod m. mamacaSvilis mier gamocemuli majd-
os saltanes qalaq Tbilisis aRweriT, romelSic vkiTxulobT: “erTi
mTis Ziras eklesiaa gaSenebuli. iqvea saflavi cnobili Seix senanisa.
es saflavi muslimanTaTvis da qristianTaTvis ziarebis adgilia. Seix
senanis saflavs axlac pativs scems xalxi da wminda adgilad racxs
mas” (m. mamacaSvilis Targmani).7 d. merkvilaZe samarTlianad SeniSnavs,
rom, samwuxarod, m. mamacaSvili ar uTiTebs wyaros, romelSic Tbi-
lisel muslimTa Soris am gadmocemis arsebobis Taobaze iqneboda aR-
niSvna da dasZens: `garkveviT isic ki ar Cans, majd-os-saltane am
SemTxvevaSi namdvilad mTawmindas gulisxmobs, Tu ara. miT ufro, rom
sinamdvileSi aq eklesia Suagul mTis ferdobze, mcire baqanzea agebu-
li da ara mTis Ziras. asec rom iyos, teqstis mixedviT mainc Znelia
danamdvilebiT iTqvas, rom avtori Seix-senanis saflavs am eklesiaSi
(an eklesiasTan) uTiTebs”.8 m. mamacaSvilis mier gamocemuli wignis
winasityvaobas mosdevs vl. fuTuriZis werili “majd-os-saltane da

lebaSi daviT garejelis Sesaxeb. ivane javaxiSvilis istoriisa da

eTnologiis institutis Sromebi. Tb. 2010; d. merkvilaZe. wm. mama
daviT garejeli da misi savaneebi. Tb. 2012.
5 m. aleqsiZe. sparselebi da sparsuli kultura XIX saukunis sa-
qarTveloSi. Tb. 2009.
6 m. aleqsiZe. sparselebi da sparsuli kultura XIX saukunis sa-
qarTveloSi, gv. 20-21.
7 majd-os-saltane. qalaq Tbilisis aRwera, gv. 40.
8 d. merkvilaZe. wm. mama daviT garejeli da misi savaneebi, gv. 14.

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 xaTuna bainduraSvili. Seix sananisa da daviT garejelis
identobisaTvis

misi Sromebi, romelSic aRniSnavs, “Cans XIX saukunis damlevs cocxa-

li yofila isev legenda, romelic Seix sananis saxels ukavSirebs ma-
ma daviT garejels”.9 samwuxarod, wyaros arc vl. fuTuriZe asaxe-
lebs.
Cveni statiis mizania kidev erTxel gavaanalizoT aRmosavlur
literaturaSi farTod gavrcelebuli Tqmuleba Seix sananis Sesaxeb,
saqarTveloSi misi Semosvlis dro da garemoeba da aseve warmovadgi-
noT ukve gamocemuli teqstis CvenTvis saintereso adgilis Seswore-
buli Targmani.
VIII saukuneSi erayisa da siriis teritoriaze sufizmis warmo-
Soba-gavrcelebasTan erTad aRmosavlur literaturaSi gaCnda Tqmu-
leba, romelic swrafad gavrcelda mTel aRmosavlur samyarosa da
maT Soris kavkasiaSic. Tqmulebis Tanaxmad, sufi Seixs _ sanans, ro-
melic yvelasaTvis pativsacemi pirovneba iyo da, misi mrwamsidan ga-
momdinare, ojaxis Seqmna da miwieri siyvaruli ekrZaleboda, axal-
gazrda qristiani gogo, erTi gadmocemis mixedviT ki qarTveli gogo,
Seuyvarda, romlis gamoc Tavs mravali gansacdeli daatyda. es Tqmu-
leba arsebobs sparsul, arabul, azerbaijanul da qurTul enebze.
pirvelad Tqmulebis folkloruli varianti daamuSava da poema
dawera XII saukunis cnobilma iranelma poetma aTarim (“frinvelTa
saubari”).10 aTaris mixedviT, es aris istoria Seixisa, romelic didi
xnis win arabeTSi, meqaSi cxovrobda. man Tavis 400 mowafesTan _
miuridTan erTad ormocdaaTi weli gaatara RvTismsaxurebaSi. erT Ra-
mes Seixma sizmarSi naxa lamazi gogona. gamoRviZebuls gulma uTxra,
rom rumSi wasuliyo. igi mowafeebTan erTan rumSi wavida. roca qala-
qis Semogarens miuaxlovda, taZris sarkmlidan simReris xma Semoesma.
Seixma sarkmelTan mzesaviT lamazi qristiani gogona dainaxa da igi
erTi danaxviT Seuyvarda. Sua xans gadacilebulma Seixma sananma gogo-
nas yvela survili Seasrula (Rvino dalia, xerye gaixada, Semoirtya
welze – gaqristianda. gogonam xan Rorebi amwyemsina, xan Zvirfasi
urvadi mosTxova). mowafeebma Seixi Zlivs moiyvanes gons. man Tavisi
saqcieli Seinana. kvlav gamuslimda, ganwmendis rituali Caatara, xer-

9 majd-os-saltane. qalaq Tbilisis aRwera, gv. 10.

10 d. kobiZe. sparsuli literaturis istoria. Tb. 1975, gv. 242-280.

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 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. VIII

ye Caicva da hijazisaken wavida. gogonas ki RvTiuri darigeba moevli-

na. man Seinana sakuTari saqcieli, daedevna Seixs da islami miiRo,
magram gogonam Seixis naxviT gamowveuli mRelvareba ver gadaitana da
mis xelebSi dalia suli.
Semdeg Seix sananis gamijnurebis ambavs TavianTi poemebi miuZRv-
nes aseve XIV saukunis qurTma poetma faki Tehranim (“Seixi sanani”)11
da XV saukunis iranelma poetma aliSer navoim (“frinvelTa ena”)12.
XVIII saukuneSi Seixi sanani kavkasiaSi da, kerZod, TbilisSi
Zalze popularuli figura iyo. aq Camoyalibda Seixis istoriis lo-
kaluri versia, romelSic Secvlilia ara mxolod geografiuli area-
li (moqmedeba saqarTveloSi xdeba), aramed ambis boloc: gaqristia-
nebuli Seixi mTawmindaze, mama daviTis eklesiis ezoSia dakrZaluli.
Tbilisel muslimTa warmodgenaSi Seixi wm. mama daviT garejelTan
gaigivda. mTawmindaze qristianebTan erTad Tbiliseli muslimebic da-
diodnen, radgan muslimuri tradiciiT iq Seix sananis akldama egule-
bodaT. XIX s. sparsi mogzauri farhad mirza wers: “Seix sananis saf-
lavi TbilisSia da eklesia qalaqis samxreTiT, mTis kalTaze, misi sa-
xeliT aris cnobili”.13 ufro vrclad exeba am Temas farahani. misi
TqmiT, “qalaqis SuagulSi, mTis samxreT kalTaze aris eklesia, sadac
gadmocemiT Seix sananis saflavia. qarTvelebs Seix sanani Zalian
swamT da es akldama maTTvis salocavi adgilia. weliwadSi erTxel
qalaqis da axlo soflebis mosaxleoba fguf-jgufad modis Seixis
saflavze salocavad da Tan Sesawiravic moaqvT”.14 es eklesia Tbi-
lisSi swored Seix sananis saxeliT iyo cnobili”.15
rogorc Cans, mama daviT garejelis da Seix sananis Sesaxeb da-

11 Факи Тейран. Шейх Санан. Критический текст, перевод, примечания и преди-

словие М. Б. Руденко. М. 1965.

12 d. kobiZe. sparsuli literaturis istoria, gv. 428.
13 m. aleqsiZe, sparselebi da sparsuli kultura XIX saukunis sa-

qarTveloSi, gv. 110; Safar nama-ye Farhad Mirza, tashih va tashie Golam Reza
Tabatabai, Tehran, 1366/1987, gv. 50.
14 Safar nama-ye Mirza Mohamad Hasayn Hosayni Farahani, gv. 79. vimowmeb m.
aleqsiZis naSromidan (sparselebi da sparsuli kultura XIX
saukunis saqarTveloSi), gv. 110.
15 Safar-nama-ye Farhad Mirza, tashish va tashie Golam Reza Tabatabai, Tehran,

1366//1987, 50.

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 xaTuna bainduraSvili. Seix sananisa da daviT garejelis
identobisaTvis

fiqsirebul legendebSi qalis arsebobam, rac am ori sasuliero piris

“codvis mizezad” iqca, folklorSi moaxdina am pirovnebaTa sinTezi
da Tbiliseli da kavkasieli muslimebisaTvis islamamdeli qristiani
sasuliero piri muslim SeixTan gaigivda.
Cven mier Sesrulebuli sparsuli teqstis (iq, sadac saubaria
Seix sananis akldamaze) Targmani m. mamacaSvilis Targmanisagan odnav
gansxvavebuli saxiT miviReT:

‫ و بعد کليسای است که در ابتدای ابادی درست شده در دمانه کوه مقبره شيخ صنعان معروف است‬...
‫که ھم مسلمين و ھم عسويان او‬
.‫را زيارت نموده و مزار او را محترم و کرامی می شمارند‬
“…. . . da Semdeg aris eklesia, romelic qalaqis daarsebisas au-
SenebiaT. mTis kalTaze cnobili Seix sananis saflavia, romelsac mus-
limebic da qristianebic Tayvans scemen da mis saflavs mowiwebiT epy-
robian” (P-174, 25 v).

sainteresoa, rom majd-os-saltanes “qalaq Tbilisis aRweras”

axlavs foto (P-174, 25 r), (rac maia mamacaSvilis mier gamocemul
teqsts ar aqvs), romelzec gamosaxulia mama daviTis eklesia. mis qve-
moT ki vkiTxulobT sparsulad avtoris mier gakeTebul warweras:
“Seix senanis akldama” (ix. danarTi).
XIX saukunis bolos TbilisSi mamadaviTobis dRes sazeimo
msvlelobaSi Tbiliseli muslimebic iRebdnen monawileobas. es dRe-
saswauli saerTo-saxalxo zeims warmoadgenda. wm. mama daviTi gauTxo-
vari da uSvilo qalebis mfarvelad iTvleboda da mravali qali, miu-
xedavad konfesiuri kuTvnilebisa, asrulebda dadebul aRTqmas da

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 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. VIII

fexSiSveli adioda mTawmindaze.16

is, rom Seixi sanaani gaigivda VI s-is. (e. i. islamamdel) wmin-
danTan, aSkarad miuTiTebs gadmocemis folklorul Zirebze.17 erTad-
erTi sparseli avtori, romelic qristianul eklesiasTan Seixis
dakrZalvam daaeWva, iyo seid mohamad reza TabaTabai Tabrizi. igi aR-
niSnavs, “qalaqis dasavleTiT . . . mTis kalTaze gumbaTi mosCans, ro-
melic cnobilia, rogorc Seix sananis akldama, Tumca SesaZloa, es
samarxi Seixis dakrZalvis adgili arc aris”.18 sagulisxmoa, rom XIX
saukunis da XX saukunis dasawyisis arc erTi qarTveli mkvlevari ar
axsenebs sufi Seix sananis gaqristianebisa da mama daviTad gadaqcevis
legendas (m. brose, pl. ioseliani, d. baqraZe, i, procenko, m. janaSvi-
li, d. naTievi), rogorc Cans, imdenad absurdulad miaCndaT da ar
iziarebdnen, rom mizanSewoniladac ar Tvlidnen am ambis dafiqsirebas.
amis Sesaxeb mxolod iraneli avtorebi saubroben.
sainteresoa, rodis unda gaCeniliyo TbilisSi legenda Seix sa-
nanis qristian gogoze gamijnurebis istoria. Seixi sanani sufi moRva-
wea, sufizmi ki VIII saukuneSi Tanamedrove erayisa da siriis teri-
toriaze Caisaxa, saidanac gavrcelda aRmosavleTis sxva muslimur
qveynebSi. IX saukunis bolos baRdaduri anu pasiuri sufizmi gavr-
celda iranSi, arabeTsa da egvipteSi. sufiuri moZRvrebis Semosvla
iranidan saqarTveloSi, daaxloebiT, X saukuneSi unda vivaraudoT. am
periodSi Tbilisi aRmosavleTis erT-erTi cnobili muslimur-Teolo-
giuri centria.19 1082-1122 ww. sufi rindebs TavianTi TavSesafari
hqondaT, sadac sufiur ritualebs asrulebdnen.20 iqidan gamomdinare,
rom sufiuri moZRvreba Zalze popularuli iyo XII-XIII saukuneebis

16 m. aleqsiZe. sparselebi da sparsuli kultura XIX saukunis sa-

qarTveloSi, gv. 107-108. gaz. Кавказ, 1851, #4, 1888, # 152.
17 m. aleqsiZe sparselebi da sparsuli kultura XIX saukunis sa-
qarTveloSi, gv. 113.
18 Sayyed Mohamad Reza Tabatabai Tabrizi, gv. 92. m. aleqsiZe, sparselebi
da sparsuli kultura XIX saukunis saqarTveloSi, gv. 113.
19 x. bainduraSvili. rindi – ideologiuri fenomeni. istoriul-eT-
nografiuli Studiebi. VIII. Tb. 2004, gv. 80-91.
20 m. gabaSvili. Tbilisi 1082-1122 wlebSi. qarTuli wyaroTmcodneo-
ba. IV. Tb. 1973, gv. 8-22; e. sixaruliZe. al-fariki saqarTveloSi. se-
mitologiuri Ziebani. III. Tb. 1985, gv 90.

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 xaTuna bainduraSvili. Seix sananisa da daviT garejelis
identobisaTvis

saqalaqo cxovrebaSi. migvaCnia, rom swored am periodSi unda Semosu-

liyo folkloruli saxiT aRmosavleTis muslimuri qveynebidan da
Tbilisel muslimebs Soris gavrcelebuliyo legenda Seix sananis Se-
saxeb. es legenda ise Seerwya daviT garejelze arsebul informacias,
rom muslimTaTvis daviT garejeli Seix sananTan gaigivda da muslim
da qristian morwmuneTa saerTo Tayvaniscemis obieqtad iqca, rac Tbi-
lisisaTvis ucxo movlena ar yofila. XVIII saukunidan am informaci-
as iraneli mogzaurebi werilobiT afiqsireben.

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danarTi

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 xaTuna bainduraSvili. Seix sananisa da daviT garejelis
identobisaTvis

Khatuna Baindurashvili

TO THE ISSUE OF IDENTITY OF

SHEIKH SANAN AND DAVID OF GAREJI

Summary

In the Oriental archives of the National Centre of Manuscripts the

manuscript P-174 has been kept. This is Majd-os-Saltanes’ “Description of the
city Tbilisi”, which contains important information on the history of the XIX
century Tbilisi. Especially interesting is the information regarding the sepulchre
of sheikh Sanan. According to the legend, circulated in the XIX century, sufi
sheikh Sanan was associated with David of Gareji. In the present work there is
an analysis of a widespread theory about sheikh Sanan, his arrival and activities
in Georgia, and also a translation of the part of the text we are interested in. In
addition, in the article are analysed the reports of Iranian travellers in XVIII-
XIX cc., who attest that in Tbilisi, on a mountain with a church, there is sheikh
Sanan’s sepulchre venerated by Georgians as well as Iranians. In the legend
about David of Gareji and sheikh of Sanan the existence of a woman, which
became a cause for “sinning”, made a synthesis of the above-mentioned two
religious men in the folklore. Thus, for Tbilisi and Caucasian Muslims, David
of Gareji was identified with sheikh Sanan. The sufism was quite widespread in
the XII-XIII cc. urban life. In my opinion, exactly in these centuries, the legend
about sheikh Sanan was dissipated among the Muslims of Tbilisi. This legend
was merged with the existing information about David of Gareji, that for the
Muslims the latter was identified with sheikh Sanan, and became an object of
reverence for both Christians and Muslims. This legend was narrated by Iranian
travellers from the XVIII century onwards.

217