sergo vardosaniZe

sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos
kaTolikos––patriarqi
uwmidesi da unetaresi
ambrosi
(1921-1927 w.w.)

Tbilisi
2009 weli
 wigni eZRvneba sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq
uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosis cxovrebasa da saqmianobas. mis
brZolas saqarTvelos eklesiuri da saxelmwifoebrivi Tavisu-
flebisaTvis da mowameobriv aRsasruls.

redaqtori: iRumeni ambrosi (maRlakeliZe)

recenzentebi: profesori zaza maruaSvili
profesori vaxtang guruli
istoriis akademiuri doqtori
giorgi maisuraZe

ISBN 978-9941-9049-3-6

gamomcemloba
`naTlismcemeli~
www.ph-natlismtsemeli.ge
 sarCevi

1. saero cxovrebidan sasuliero ierarqiamde . . . . . . . . 6

2. brZola saqarTvelos eklesiuri da erovnuli
interesebis dasacavad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
3. `me avdivar golgoTaze~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
4. `me Sevasrule Cemi movaleoba~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110
5. `ganaxlebis da reformebis~ droSiT uwmidesi
ambrosis damxobis mzakvruli gegmebi . . . . . . . . . . . 126
6. wmindanTa dasSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
7. dokumentebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
 redaqtoris winasityvaoba

XX saukunis saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo

eklesiis istoriaSi gansakuTrebuli sidiadiT brwyinavs
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da
unetaresi ambrosi. misi cxovreba da moRvaweoba iyo mZime,
ekliani, magram amaRlebuli da misabaZi. ramdeni devna-Sevi-
wroeba, ciliswameba da damcireba gadaitana samSoblos,
mSobliuri eklesiis usazRvro erTgulebisa da siyvarulis
gamo. mas devnidnen, rogorc nikoloz II-is ruseTSi, aseve
bolSevikur modernizebul rusul-sabWoTa imperiaSi. 1921
wlis 25 Tebervals bolSevikuri saokupacio jarebi Tbi-
lisSi Semovidnen... daiwyo agresiuli aTeizmis xana, saqarTve-
lo qarTveli patriotebis sisxlSi curavda. aseT viTareba-
Si umoqmedoba, gaCumeba Ralatis tolfasi iyo. uwmidesma
da unetaresma ambrosim, rogorc qarTveli eris WeSmaritma
sulierma winamZRolma xma aRimaRla Tavisi samwysos, saqarTve-
los dasacavad da genuis saerTaSoriso konferenciaze gag-
zavnil memorandumSi ganaTlebul msoflios mouwoda dax-
marebodnen saqarTvelos, ar daetovebinaT igi martod-mar-
to bolSevikuri ruseTis pirispir... samwuxaroa, magram faqtia
istorias uyvars paradoqsebi da gameorebac. paradoqsi iyo,
rom samSoblos moRalatis braldebiT uwmidesi da une-
taresi ambrosi gaasamarTles da metexis cixeSi Casves...
uwmidesma da unetaresma ambrosim sulieri gautexelobis
magaliTi misca qarTvelobas, man bolSevikuri tiranis sams-
javros qristes sityvebiT mimarTa `asulno ierusalimisano
nu stiriT Cem zeda, aramed tirodeT TavTa TqvenTa da
SvilTa TqvenTaTvis.~ uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi Caifer-
fla samSoblos siyvarulSi, magram XX saukunis 20-80-iani
wlebis saqarTveloSi misi saxeli `reaqcioner-antisabWoe-
lis~ iarliyiT iyo daburvili... Tumca sabolood mainc ize-
ima samarTlianobam, daemxo Tixis fexebze Semdgari sabWoTa
imperia da misi ideologia, uwmidesi ambrosis saxeli axali

4
brwyinvalebiT warmoCinda Cvens winaSe. 1995 wlis seqtem-
berSi uwmidesisa da unetaresis sruliad saqarTvelos ka-
Tolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviT uwmidesi
ambrosi wmindanad Seiracxa.
CemTvis didi pativia vatarebde am didi adamianisa da
wmindanis saxels. yovelTvis gansakuTrebuli iyo Cemi damok-
idebuleba wmida ambrosi aRmsareblis mimarT. mixaria, rom
momeca SesaZlebloba viyo redaqtori masze dawerili Sesani-
Snavi wignisa, romelsac interesiTa da siyvaruliT miiRebs
qarTveli mkiTxveli, morwmune mrevli.

saguramos wm. ilia marTlis

eklesiis winamZRvari
iRumeni ambrosi (maRlakeliZe)
15.06. 2009 w.

5
 1. saero cxovrebidan sasuliero ierarqiamde

XX saukunis saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

istoriaSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis
uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi xelaias gansakuTrebuli
adgili uWiravs. rogori rTuli winaaRmdegobrivic iyo gasu-
li saukunis pirveli meoTxedi saqarTvelosaTvis, aseTive
mZime iyo igi uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosisaTvis. saqarTve-
los istoriis erT-erT yvelaze tragikul wlebSi, roca
bolSevikebis mier okupirebul da saSineli represiebis
dros RvTis gangebam mas arguna yofiliyo sulieri winamZRoli
qarTveli xalxis, qarTuli inteligenciis, aristokratiisa.
man uSiSrad itvirTa qarTveli eris sulieri gaZlierebis
misia da Tavisi Tavis msxverplad mitaniT gaadaarCina saqarTve-
los Tavisuflebis idea, misma Tavdadebam TviT urwmuno
adamianebSic ki didi pativiscema da siyvaruli daimkvidra.
uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi, eriskacobaSi besarion
zosimes Ze xelaia daibada 1861 wlis 7 oqtombers martvilSi.
1871-1873 wlebSi swavlobda oCamCiris pirveldawyebiT
skolaSi, xolo 1873-1879 wlebSi martvilis sasuliero
saswavlebelSi. es iyo dro, rodesac ruseTis xelisufleba
aqtiurad Seudga Tavisi veraguli zraxvis, qarTvelTa dena-
cionalizaciis politikis ganxorcielebas, es tendencia
gansakuTrebiT igrZnoboda afxazeTSi. Wabukma besarion xe-
laiam Tavis Tavze iwvnia ruseTis velikoderJavuli poli-
tikis veragoba. ukve ikveTeboda qarTvelTa da afxazTa Soris
gaucxoebis tendencia, qarTveloba sakuTar samSobloSive
devnili iyo. SedarebiT ukeTesi viTareba iyo martvilis
sasuliero saswavlebelSi, sadac iyvnen iseTi maswavle-
blebic, romelnic moswavleebs gatacebiT uambobdnen sa-
zogadoebaSi ukve daviwyebul qarTvel mefeebze, qarTvel
gmirebze, qarTvel wmindanebze. erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebe-
li moZraobis didi warmomadgenlebis: ilia WavWavaZis, akaki
wereTlis, iakob gogebaSvili, niko nikolaZis mier dawyebu-

6
li qarTveli eris didi gamoRviZebis sio provinciebSic
igrZnoboda.
1879 wels Wabuki besarion xelaia Cairicxa Tbilisis
sasuliero seminariaSi. saqarTvelos yofil dedaqalaq XIX
saukuneSi amierkavkasiis centrad wodebul Tbiliss uWir-
da qarTuli qalaqis saxis SenarCuneba. TbilisSi 41 erisa
da erovnebis warmomadgeneli cxovrobda, maT Soris 21%
qarTveli, 37%-somexi, 30%-rusi, xolo danarCeni sxvadasx-
va eris warmomadgenlebi (1,29). 1866 wels qalaqSi SemoRe-
bul iqna TviTmmarTveloba qalaqis Tavad arCeul iqna gen-
erali arwruni, magram TbilisSi moRvaweobdnen ilia Wav-
WavaZe, akaki wereTeli, iakob gogebaSvili, niko nikolaZe,
sergei mesxi. aqve funqcionirebda `qarTvelTa Soris wera-
kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoeba,~ gamodioda ilia Wav-
WavaZis `iveria~, sergei mesxis `droeba~, mimdinareobda po-
lemika qarTuli bankis gamo. qarTveli samRvdeloebis mow-
inave nawili ukve aRar erideboda saqarTvelos samociqulo
eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis aucileblobaze saubars.
TviT sasuliero seminariaSi ki sulisSemxuTveli, Sovinis-
turi atmosfero iyo gamefebuli. qarTveli pedagogebi gan-
icdidnen devnas, Seuracxyofas, seminarielebs qarTulad
fiqrsac ukrZalavdnen, miuxedavad amisa besarion xelaiam
mtkiced gadawyvita mTeli Tavisi cxovreba qarTveli xalx-
isaTvis, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis interese-
bis brZolisaTvis mieZRvna.
rogorc zaqaria WiWinaZe gadmogvcems: `besarion xelaia
iyo uRrmesad moyvare Tavis samSoblo qveynis, Tavis eris,
qarTuli mwerlobis da saqarTvelos istoriis... yovelTvis
gul-nakluli iyo qarTveli eris ase dacemasa da daqveiTe-
bazed. sZulda sastikad ugulo amxanagebi, nametur isini,
romelnic xSirad saqarTvelosac wara-marad uarhyofd-
nen.~(2,5). 1887 wels igi akurTxes soxumis eparqiis soWis
eklesiis mRvdlad, 1892 wlidan soxumis sakaTedro taZris
kandelakia, 1890 wlis 30 aprils ilia WavWavaZis `iveria-

7
Si~ gamoqveynda mama besarion xelaias werili gudauTis
ubanSi misioner ambrosi kavkasiZis stumrobis Sesaxeb. mis-
ioneri ambrosi kavkasiZe kavkasiaSi qristianobis aRmdgene-
li sazogadoebis skolebis inspeqtori iyo da gamoirCeoda
gulisxmierebiTa da mWermetyvelebiT exeboda ra mis qad-
agebas gudauTis Temis lixnis eklesiaSi mama besarion xe-
laia dasZenda: `Semdgom wirvisa arqimandritma xalxs uTxra
qadageba, swored rom vTqvaT, ufro darigeba iyo misi sity-
va, vidre saeklesio qadageba da xalxze amitomac didad
imoqmeda misma mdabio, gasagonis eniT warmoTqmulma sity-
vam. Semdgomad aseTis swavla-moZRvrebisa auxsna xalxs
Svilebis swavlebis sargebloba da uTxra, rom Tqvens sa-
zogadoebaSic skola gamarTeTo... wirvis Semdeg xalxma erTx-
mad gadawyvita iqonion skola, Seadgina ganaCeni, rom moamzadon
saxli skolisa da maswavleblebisaTvis. arqimandriti dah-
pirda, rodesac skolis Senoba mzad iqneba, maswavlebelsac
gamogigzavniT, skolis saWiro wignebsac da nivTebsaco, mas-
wavlebelsac jamagirs Cven mivcemTo. aseTma mamobrivma dari-
gebam da Semweobis aRmoCenam da daxmarebam Zalian asiamovna
xalxi, TiTqos gulio moulbao yvelas da Tbili sxivi Cau-
fina. vidre arqimandriti cotas daisvenebda da isadilebda,
sazogadoebam niSnad pativiscemisa fexi aRar moicvala im
adgilidan. mere yvela warmomadgenelni sazogadoebisa gamo-
eTxovnen, didi madloba gadauxades aseTis TanagrZnobisaTvis
da gaistumres... RmerTma inebos, rom amisTana kacebi xSirad
dahxedavdnen xolme Cvens miviwyebuls mxares da aTasSi
erTxel mainc gagvagonebdnen kacobriulsa da keTils sity-
va-pasuxsa.~ (20, 1890, 30 IV) dasZenda mama besarioni. sox-
umSi moRvaweobam kidev ufro ganumtkica azri, rom saqarTve-
los marTlmadidebeli eklesiis momavlisaTvis brZolaSi
sasuliero pirisaTvis aucilebeli iyo mravalmxrivi ga-
naTleba, amitom igi 1897 wels swavlis gasagrZeleblad
yazanis sasuliero akademiaSi Sevida. mama besarionis soxu-
mis sakaTedro taZridan yazanSi swavlis gasagrZeleblad

8
wasvlas ase gamoexmaura gazeTi cnobis furceli `keTili
moZRvris wasvla.~
`mama besarion xelaias mrevlis ganusazRvreli siyvaru-
li hqonda damsaxurebuli Tavisi mamaSvilurisa da saTno
qceviT. yvelas guli dawyvita sayvarelis moZRvris moSore-
bam.~(21, 1897, 30 XI).
1897 wlis 30 dekembers sergi gorgaZem Jurnali `mwyem-
sis~ redaqtors dekanoz daviT RambaSiZes aseTi Sinaarsis
werili gaugzavna `vici, Tu ra didaT sasiamovnoa Cveni
Segnebuli sazogadoebisaTvis umaRlesi swavla-ganaTlebis
mqone sasuliero pirTa Semomateba, vici agreTve rogori
sixaruliT egebebodiT Tqven da Tqveni piriT mTeli Cveni
samRvdeloeba leonidis, dimitris, kirionis, eqvTimes be-
rad aRkvecas. amisaTvis veswrafi vacnobo pativcemul
`mwyemsis~ mkiTxvelebs erTi friad sasixarulo ambavi, romel-
ic WeSmaritad amarTlebs im azrs, rom es ukanaskneli aTi
weli saqarTvelos eklesiis cxovrebaSi Savi samRvdeloeb-
is ganaxlebis xanad unda CaiTvalos, rom qarTvelebs mt-
kice sarwmunoeba qristesi da marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
pativiscema arc ise gaqrobiaT gulSi, rogorc es zogierT
erebs egonaT _ amis utyuar magaliTs, zemoTaRniSnuli
pirTa garda, warmogvidgeba kidev mama besarion xelaia,
romelic wels CvenTan erTad miiRes yazanis sasuliero
akademiaSi. amis gadawyvetileba sinodisagan 31 oqtombers
mogvivida. mama besarions Tbilisis sasuliero seminaria
daumTavrebia... am oTxi wlis winaT daqvrivebula da xelze
darCenia oblad sami Svili. sabedod mama besarionis mama
(mRvdeli _ zosime) cocxali hyavs da swored am garemoebas
Seuwyvia misTvis xeli, Torem SeiZleba verc ki gaebedna
ymawvilebis datoveba... visurvebT sxva axalgazrda mRvdlebsac
miebaZoT mama besarionis magaliTisaTvis da ar dazarebodeT
umaRlesi swavlis miReba samSoblo eklesiis samsaxurad da
sasaxelod~ (22, 1897, 30 XII). am dros yazanis sasuliero
akademiaSi araerTi qarTveli swavlobda, maT Soris gamoir-

9
Ceodnen: eqvTime kaWaxiZe (SemdgomSi mitropoliti daviTi),
mixeil fxalaZe (sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-
arqi melqisedek III), sergi gorgaZe (istorikosi), ipolite
varTagava (mwerali, kritikosi). rogorc es ukanaskneli gad-
mogvcems: `vinc besarions axlos gaecnoboda, darwmundebo-
da, rom is usaTuod niWieri, ganviTarebuli, uaRresad pa-
tiosani, keTili, saTno, uerTgulesi amxanagi da adamiani
iyo... aRmoCnda, rom aramc Tu Cvenze nakleb, umetesad yofi-
la qarTuli erovnuli da sazogadoebrivi sakiTxebiT dain-
teresebuli, isic gafacicebiT Tvalyurs adevnebda samSob-
loSi warmoebul politikur literaturul-kulturuli
brZolis msvlelobas, Cveni istoriis pirvelwyaroebze muSaob-
da da daemzadebina ramdenime istoriuli Tu sxva xasiaTis
narkvevi. rusi studentebic male darwmundnen, rom besari-
oni iyo didad momzadebuli da ganviTarebuli pirovneba:
or sasemestro TxzulebebSi man sastik profesorTa uaR-
resad sapatio dafaseba miiRo.~(3,63)
1900 wlis 11 Tebervals besarioni berad aRikveca da
saxelad ewoda ambrosi. 1900 wlis 11 Tebervals saRamos 6
saaTze yazanis sasuliero akademiis eklesiaSi aTamde qarTveli
Seikriba daniSnuli iyo mRvdeli besarion xelaias berad
aRkveca. wesi reqtorma, episkoposma antonma Seasrula da
gulSiCamwdomi sityva warmosTqva. igi RmerTs besarionis
saxeliT Seavedra, aiRo xelSi makrateli Seikveca Tmis
Reri da amis mere `besarioni~ aRaravis gaugonia: mas uwodes
ambrosi.~ mRvdelmTavars uTqvams: `sabero saTnoebaTa Soris
simdable yvelaze ufro maRali da Zneli saTnoebaa. igi
Svelis kacs, moTminebiT aitanos yovelgvari gaWirveba...
WeSmariti simdabliT aRWurvili moZRvari TviT gulqva da
ampartavan adamianebzec ki Zlier zneobriv gavlenas iqonie-
bs xolme... simdablis mqone kaci imiTaa kidev Zlieri, rom
mas TviT sikvdilis moaxloebac ki ver SeaSfoTebs, im
sikvdilisa, romlis winaSec ase xSirad TrTian xolme TviT
uZleveli da gulmagari gmirebi. aseTia simdablis uaRreso-

10
ba, magram ramdenadac Zlieria igi, imdenad ufro Znelia
misi mopoveba; gansakuTrebiT Zlier uWirT es axalgazrda
da gamoucdel berebs.~ (9,25-26). akademiis damTavrebis Semdeg
mama ambrosi dabrunda saqarTveloSi. 1901 wels mcire xniT
moRvaweobda soxumSi, magram misi iq yofna xels ar aZlev-
daT antiqarTul Zalebs, igi mourideblad amxelda ruseTis
saero da sasuliero xelisuflebis Sovinistur politikas.
amitom 1902 wels igi gadmoyvanil iqna raWaSi, WeliSis
monastris winamZRvrad. aq man Tavisi Tavdadebuli saqmiano-
biT mosaxleobis gulwrfeli siyvaruli da pativiscema daim-
saxura. 1903 wels mariamobis dResaswaulze Casul cnobil
qarTvel mwignobars sosiko merkvilaZes wirvis Semdeg mous-
menia misi qadageba, igi imdenad STambeWdavi yofila, rom
msmenelTa umravlesobas sixarulis cremlebi hqonda. `mama
ambrosi sul weliwadi ar aris, rac winamZRvrad gamoam-
weses, magram RvTisa da kacis moyvare adamianisaTvis es
mokle droc sakmarisi yofila, rom wrfelis guliT Sey-
varebia xalxs. axlo maxlo soflebSi Cven imisTana kacs ar
SevxvedrivarT, romelic wrfelis guliT ar iyos ganmsWva-
luli mama ambrosisadmi Rrma pativiscemiT da siyvaruliT.
sosiko merkvilaZe arqimandrit ambrosis gulTazrian RvT-
sismsaxurs uwodebda.~(2,11)
mama ambrosim TiTqmis gaukacrielebuli monasteri kvlav
aaRorZina. man dawvrilebiT Seiswavla raWa-leCxumis siZve-
leni. saqarTvelos istoriis, qarTuli xelnawerebis Ses-
wavlis interesi jer kidev yazanis sasuliero akademiaSi
swavlis dros gamoavlina. man sasuliero akademiaSi daicva
sakandidato disertacia `Áîðüáà Õðèñòèàíñòâà ñ Èñëàìîì
â Ãðóçèè~. amis Sesaxeb 1901 wlis 14 ivliss gaz. `iveria~
auwyebda sazogadoebas. amis Semdegac ar Seuwyvetia am mima-
rTulebiT saqmianoba. arqimandritma ambrosim Jurn. `gan-
Tiadsa~ da `cxovrebaSi~ 1915-1917 w.w. `amberis~ fsevdonim-
iT gamoaqveyna `mogzauroba raWa-leCxumSi.~ man saintere-
sod aRwera WeliSis monastris xelnawerebis istoria. `um-

11
ravlesoba WeliSis monasterSi dacul xelnawerebisa gad-
moutaniaT sxvavidan, sxvavis, an veltyevis udabnos gauqme-
bis Semdeg, magram axla Znelia danamdvilebiT iTqvas, rome-
li, an ramdeni maTgani ekuTvnoda sxvavis udabnos. amis
mizezi iyo daudevroba, an ukeT vTqvaT, Seugnebloba monas-
tris mmarTvelobisa, romelnic am xelnawerebs ar aZlevd-
nen araviTar mniSvnelobas da amis gamo, eklesiis qonebaTa
aRwerilobaSi ar SeutaniaT... bevri Zvirfasi xelnaweri sam-
udamod dakargulTa mecnierebisaTvis. xolo danarCeni mi-
uyriaT eklesiis kuTxeSi sxva uxmar da uvargis nivTebTan,
romelTac monasteri ar saWiroebda, amis gamo xelnawerebi
imdenad dampal-danestianebuli aRmoCnda, rom saWiro Seiqmna
maTi gamomzeureba da TiTo furclobiT Sroma, rasac moun-
da mTeli erTi Tve. gaSroba-gamomzeurebis Semdeg SeZlebi-
sdagvarad gadavaTvaliereT xelnawerebi da amis Sedegia maTi
mokle aRwera.~(2,5-6). arqimandritma ambrosim aRmoaCina qarTu-
li mecnierebisaTvis manamde ucnobi `qarTlis moqcevis~
WeliSuri varianti, romelic misive gamokvleviT Sevida
eqvTime TayaiSvilis redaqtorobiT gamocemuli `Zveli
saqarTvelos~ pirvel tomSi, xolo calke gamoica 1911 wels.
arqimandritma ambrosim 1907 wlis 28 dekembers saisto-
rio sazogadoebaSi waikiTxa specialuri gamokvleva `qarT-
lis moqcevis~ WeliSuri variantis Sesaxeb misi azriT `xe-
lnaweris pirveli nawili unda ekuTvnodes XIII-XIV saukunes.
Cven SesaZleblad vTvliT _ ganagrZobda igi _ am xelnawer-
is dednis gadawera davsdoT ara ugvianes XI saukunisa da
Tu es ukanaskneli azri miviReT, maSin uTuod imaSic unda
davrwmundeT, rom Cveni varianti qarTlis moqcevisa uZve-
lesi dednidan ucvlelad aris gadawerili~(22,3) _ arqi-
mandriti ambrosi kargad icnobda wm. ninos cxovrebis sxva-
dasxva xelnawer variantebs. teqstologiuri analizis safuZ-
velze akeTebda seriozul mecnierul daskvnebs, Tumca qris-
tianuli TavmdablobiT SeniSnavda: `Cven, rogorc araspe-
cialists istoriul kiTxvebSi, ar SegveZlo ufro sabuTi-

12
anad Segvedgina es Cveni moxseneba da amisaTvis SeiZleba
ver davakmayofileT sazogadoebis cnobismoyvareobao.~(22,4).
arqimandrit ambrosis am aRmoCenas maRal Sefasebas aZlevd-
nen: eqvTime TayaiSvili, ivane javaxiSvili, pavle ingoroyva.
arqimandriti ambrosi siamayiT aRniSnavda: `saqarTvelos
eklesia mdidari iyo sarwmunoebrivi reliqviebiT, ar-
qeologiuri mniSvnelobis mqone Zvirfasi nivTebiT, romelTac
samRvdeloeba da xalxi didi mzrunvelobiT inaxavdnen. isi-
ni gadaurCa ganadgurebas da mxolod, mSvidobianobis dros,
XIX saukunis ganmavlobaSi daikarga imdeni saeklesio sim-
didre, ramdenic mTeli Svidi saukunis ganmavlobaSi mahma-
dinaTa mZlavrobis dros ar dakargula.~(2,23).
XIX saukunis bolos qarTvelma Targdaleulebma ilia
WavWavaZis xelmZRvanelobiT moaxerxes qarTuli erovnuli
cnobierebis gamoRviZeba da gamTlianeba. saxelmwifoebrivi
da erovnul-sarwmunoebrivi Tavisufleba es iyo qarTveli
xalxis saukeTeso nawilis ideali, am idealis erTguli iyo
arqimandriti ambrosi xelaiac. ruseTis xelisufleba grZnobda
mosalodnel usiamovnebas da TviTonac emzadeboda Rirseul
mamuliSvilTa TvalTvalisa da devnisaTvis amis dasturia
quTaisis gunerniis JandarmTa sammarTvelos ufrosisa da
episkopos arsenis saidumlo mimowera soxumis olqSi besa-
rion xelaias da sxvaTa monawileobiT arsebuli qarTuli
moZraobis Sesaxeb.
`viZieb ra saqmes soxumis olqis qarTvelebis Sesaxeb,
romelTac Tavis miznad dausaxavT afxazeTisa da samurzay-
anos sruliad gaqarTveleba qarTulis skolebis daxmarebiT
da wirva-locvis da yovelive mRvdelmsaxurebis qarTuls
enazed SesrulebiT, raic sruliad ucnobia afxazTaTvis.
amitom gTxovT keTili ineboT da Semdegi damatebiTi cnobe-
bi momawodoT.
1) icnobT Tu ara, rom soxumis olqSi arsebobs mkvidri
organizacia qarTvelTa, romelTac dausaxavT afxazTa
gaqarTveleba da miT ruseTis interesebs maTi CamoSoreba;

13
 2) sdevnis Tu ara qarTvelTa partia im mRvdlebsa da
maswavleblebs, romelnic Tqvens gankargulebas asruleben
da maT ar TanaugrZnoben da ar emorCilebian maT ukanono
moqmedebas, e.i. qarTuli enis swavlebas skolebSi da CumaT
mainc wirva-locvis aRsrulebas qarTulad;
3) scdiloben Tu ara afxazeTis gaqarTvelebas Semdegni
pirni: Tedo saxokia, anTimoz juReli, mRvdelni: maWavari-
ani, kereseliZe, Cxenkeli da xelaia visarioni;
4) gjeraT da uwyiT, rom q. soxumis mcxovrebi Tedo
saxokia presaSi da sazogadoebaSi kritikas iwvevs da masxrad
igdebs yovelive Tqvens gankargulebas;
5) marTalia, rom mRvdelma maWavarianma panaSvidi gadaix-
ada qarTuls enazed gardacvalebulis mwerlis wereTlis
gamo da qarTuladve sityva warmosTqva Tedo saxokiasa da
anT. juRelis TxovniT;
6) marTalia Tu ara, rom mRvdelma besarion xelaiam,
romelic qarTul enazed wirva-locvis SemoRebas moiTxov-
da, gangicxadaT, rom aq saqarTveloa da ara ruseTi da
amitom wirvac qarTulad unda iyveso;
7) marTalia Tu ara, rom mRvdeli kereseliZe winaaRmde-
gobas uwevda Tqvens gankargulebas da roca moindomeT misi
gaZeveba, sinodaluris kantoram winaaRmdegoba gagiwiaT;
8) radganac utyuari cnobebi maqvs, rom nacnoboba aqvT
arasaimedo da warmarTi mimarTulebis xalxTan (afxazebTan)
Tedo saxokias, mRvdlebs _ Cxenkels, kereseliZes, maWavar-
ians da besarion xelaias, amitom gTxovT aRniSnulni pirni
damixasiaToT zneobrivis mxriv TiTo maTgani kerZod da
dawvrilebiT gamacnoT maTi moRvaweoba;
9) marTalia, rom korespondenti Tedo saxokia gangeb,
windawinve ganzraxulis mizniT amaxinjebda faqtebs da yalb
statistikur cnobebs aTavsebda gazeTebSi megrelebisa da
qarTvelebis Sesaxeb, raTa daemtkicebina aucilebeli saWiroe-
ba qarTuli enis saWiroebisa saswavleblebSi;
10) riT aixsneba sinodaluri kantorisagan mxaris daWera

14
mRvdel kereseliZisa da sruliad udanaSaulo mRvdelis
kavkasiZis gaZeveba;
11) scnobT Tu ara, rom mRvdelni: maWavariani, Cxenkeli,
kereseliZe da xelaia mavnebelni da saSiSni arian imperiis
interesebisaTvis;
12) marTlmadidebel eklesiisaTvis mavnebelni aris Tu
ara moRvaweoba Tedo saxokiasi da juRelisa.
pasuxs gTxovT gamoayoloT dedani im gancxadebisa, romel-
ic samurzayanoelebma miarTves Tqvens maRalkurTxevas, raTa
maTis SvilebisaTvis ar eswavlebinaT qarTuli ena. am weri-
lobiT maTs gacxadebas uaRresi mniSvneloba aqvs, radganac
eparqialur sabWos viTom 1895 wels mRvdelis maWavarianis
da polkovnikis qorqaSvilis ZaldatanebiT gaugzavnia mo-
wodeba samurzayanoelebisaTvis, gindaT Tu ara qarTuli
enis swavleba, rais Sedegic yofila zemoxsenebuli gancxa-
deba, romelSic samurzayanoelebi aSkarad amboben, ara gv-
surs qarTuli enis swavlebao...
saidumlo SekiTxvebzed, romelic 12 muxlisagan Sesdge-
ba da romelic qarTvelTa moZraobas Seexeba olqSi, Semi-
Zlian Semdegi gipasuxoT:
1) pirvelive dReebidan Cemis soxumis olqSi daniSvnisa,
SevniSne, rom eparqiaSi mcxovrebni qarTvelebi yovlis RonisZ-
iebiT scdiloben danergvas samurzayanosa da afxazeTSi
qarTvelTa moqalaqeobriobas, raSiac srul daxmarebas uw-
evs mas samRvdeloeba, romelnic gansakuTrebiT qarTvelTa
da megrelTagan Sedgeba. amis damamtkicebeli sabuTi mrava-
li momepoveba. 1895 wels samaswavleblo sabWoSi qarTvelebma
aRZres Suamdgomloba qarTulis enis swavlebisa afxazeT-
samurzayanoSi da warmoadgines ganCinebac soflebis sazoga-
doebiTgan, romelnic iTxovdnen qarTulis swavlebas skoleb-
Si. me win aRvudeqi amas, ris gamoc Jurnal `Ðóññêèé Òðóä~-
Si moaTavses werili, riTac ukmayofilebas micxadebdnen,
roca 14 ianvars wm. ninoobas neba ar miveci qarTuls enaze
wirvisa soxumis sakrebulo taZarSi, maSin xom maTi ukmay-

15
ofileba aSkara iyo da naTlad davrwmundi, rom qarTvelebi
aRara xumrobdnen afxazeTis gaqarTvelebas. qarTvelebis
moZraoba didaT abrkolebs afxazebis garusebis da gadag-
varebis saqmes.
2) rac Seexeba qarTvelTagan devnas ruseTisaTvis Tavdade-
bul samRvdeloebisa da maswavleblebisas, danamdvilebiT
arafris Tqma ar SemiZlian, magram Tu miviRebT mxedveloba-
Si oqumus mRvdelis mama qavJaraZisas, romelic marjve dam-
cveli iyo da gamtarebeli cxovrebaSi rusulis moqalaqeo-
briobisa da romelsac aTasi codo daswames, raTa gaeZevebi-
naT is samurzayanodgan, unda vTqvaT, rom aseTi devna arse-
bobs.
3) rame dadebiTi sabuTebi Tedo saxokiasa an juRelisa,
mRvdlebis _ maWavarianisa, kereseliZisa da xelaias mo-
qmedebisa da mecadineobis Sesaxeb qarTuli enis gasavr-
celeblad da dasamkvidreblad afxazeTSi ar momeZebneba,
mxolod pirvelis Sesaxeb SemiZlian vTqva, rom Tu is avto-
ria gazeTebSi moTavsebul yalb cnobebisa, maSasadame, igi
yofila gamavrcelebeli da damamkvidrebeli qarTuli enisa
da moqalaqeobisa afxazeTSi, xolo rac Seexeba mRvdels
kereseliZes, TviT direqtoric ki saxalxo skolebisa, sTv-
lis mas arakeTilsaimedo piraT, romelsac SeuZlian cudi
gavlena iqonios moswavle axalgazrdobazed, rogorc samR-
Tos sjulis maswavlebels oCamCireSi.
4) dekanozma maWavarianma marTla gadaixada panaSvidi gar-
dacvalebulis mwerlis wereTlis sulis mosaxseneblad da
qarTuladve sTqva sityva Cem nebadaurTvelad, magram vis
CagonebiTa da ganZraxvebiT Caidina es saqme, ar vuwyi.
5) mRvdelma xelaiam kerZo laparakSi, rodesac mimtki-
cebda da mTxovda qarTuli wirva-locvis SemoRebas, miTxra,
rom `aq saqarTveloa da ara ruseTi da wirva-locvac qarTu-
lad unda iyvesi~.
6) mRvdelis _ kereseliZis sxva mrevlSi gadayvana Cemis
gankargulebiT moxda, radganac Tavis uxasiaTobis gamo vera

16
rigdeboda mrevlTan da uvargisi iyo maswavlebeli saRmr-
To sjulisa.
7) rac Seexeba mRvdlebs _ Cxenkelsa da maWavariansa,
arafers cud saqmeSi SemCneulni ara myolian da arc maTs
mimarTulebaSi SeimCneva samarcxvino ram, rac Seexeba mRvdels
besarion xelaias, akademiaSi Sesvlamdis araferi cudi ar
SemimCnevia da rac Seexeba mis mimarTulebas, es xom ukve
zemonaTqvamidam mis Sesaxeb naTlad sCans.
8) Tedo saxokia gangeb yalb cnobebs aTavsebda gazeTebSi
qarTvelTa da megrelTa soxumis olqSi mosaxleobis Sesax-
eb, radganac mas rogorc soxumis olqSi mcxovrebs, kargad
unda scodnoda namdvili statistikuri cnobebi, magram igi
winad ganzraxviT amaxinjebda yovelive cnobas.
9) mRvdlis kereseliZis gamoqomageba sinodalur kan-
torisagan da Cemis gadawyvetilebis gabaTileba amis sxva
mrevlSi gadayvanis gamo, aixsneba im garemoebebiT, rom misi
saqme gaarCia kantoram maSin, rodesac egzarqosi ar iyo
TbilisSi da mis magivrobas asrulebda qarTvelT episkopo-
si aleqsandre. misi, e. i. kereseliZis, moSorebas moiTxovda
daJinebiT quTaisis samxedro gubernatori. darwmunebuli
var, kereseliZis saqme rom gaerCia egzarqoss da ara qarTv-
el episkoposs, Cems gadawyvetilebas kereseliZis gadayva-
nis Sesaxeb daadasturebda.
10) Tu rom mRvdlebi maWavariani, kereseliZe da xelaia
moqmedeben afxazeT-samurzayanos gasaqarTveleblad, maSin,
rasakvirvelia, mavneT unda CaiTvalos maTi moRvaweoba, rad-
ganac amiT isini winaaRudgebian ruseTis imperiis mizansa da
miswrafebasa.
11) moqmedeba Tedo saxokiasa da juRelisa mavneblad
unda CaiTvalos marTlmadidebel eklesiisaTvis, radganac
gaqarTvelebuli maTgan axalgazrdoba mtrad gauxdeba ruse-
Tis eklesias, romelic sul sxva mizniT moqmedebs afxazeTSi.
amasTanave vadgen gancxadebis pirs samurzayanoelebisas,
romliTac isini uaryofen qarTuli enis saWiroebas Tavi-

17
anTs skolebSi da dasZenen, rom Tumca am gancxadebis wined
warmodgenili iyo ramdenime ganCineba samurzayanoelebisa
viTom qarTulis enis swavleba Semdegis saWiroebis Sesaxeb,
magram yvela eseni ganzrax Sedgenili iyo samRvdeloebisa-
gan da mrevli aq arafers monawileobas ar iRebda. (10, 144-
150).
mama ambrosi xelaia, romelmac SesaniSnavad icoda ruse-
Tis imperiis saeklesio politikis miznebi afxazeTSi amx-
elda am politikis reaqciulobas da qarTvel patriotebTan
erTad medgrad icavda qarTul poziciebs. igi sixaruliT
Sexvda episkopos kirionis (saZagliSvili) soxumis eparqi-
is mmarTvelad daniSvnas. kirionisadmi gagzavnil werilebSi
exeba rogorc soxumis eparqiis, aseve saqarTvelos eklesi-
is avtokefaliis aRdgenisaTvis brZolis problemebs. 1906
wlis 14 Tebervals mama ambrosi episkopos kirions atyobin-
ebs: `RmerTs vTxov Tqvens mSvidobiT dabrunebas samSoblo
mxareSi da gamarjvebas im saqmeSi, romlis gadasawyvetadac
Tqven xarT miwveuli CrdiloeTis sataxto qalaqSi. marTa-
lia, cudad datrialebulia Cveni eklesiis avtokefaliis
bed-iRbali, magram ra vqnaT, rodis viyaviT bednierni, rom
axla viqmneT. magram viqonioT momavlis imedi... Cemi da ram-
denime aqauri mRvdlis azri ukeTu sainteresoa TqvenTvis,
es aris: daTmoba arafrisa da rasac ZaliT mogvcemen, vemor-
CilebiT mxolod droebiT; rodesac moxerxebul dros vnax-
avT, vecdebiT ganvaxorcieloT, rac peticiebSia naTxovni.
momavali kreba, Cemis azriT, Cven aras mogvcems da arc unda
davTanxmdeT Cveni saqmis iq gadacemaze. krebas ar waurTme-
via CvenTvis avtokefaluri wes-wyobileba Cveni eklesiisa
da arc SeuZlia imis mocema, rac `de iure~ ukve gvaqvs,
mxolod faqtiurad Zalmomreobam wagvarTva. amitom warT-
meulis dabruneba SeuZlia wamrTmevels. an Cven TviTon
ruseTis eklesiasTan urTierTobis mospobiT... sazogadoeba
Zalian dainteresebulia am saqmis (avtokefaliis) msvlelo-
biT, mTxoven, Tqveni rezolucia gamoaqveynoT. xalxis gamo-

18
saRviZeblad saWirod miaCniaT es~ (24, 92-93). 1906 wlis 8
marts arqimandriti ambrosi episkopos kirions werda: `Tqveni
soxumSi dabrunebam soxumis samRvdeloeba da mTlad
qarTveloba metad gaxara, magram ara qarTvelebs, politi-
kanebs, rogorc etyoba, laxvrad daeso gulSi. etyoba ver
mounelebiaT is garemoeba, rom bolo moeReba soxumis epar-
qiaSi im usamarTlobas, romelic mefobda iq qarTvelebis
Sesaxeb. Tqven, darwmunebuli var, usamarTlod arc erTi
eris warmomadgenels ar moeqceviT. amis Tavdebia Tqveni
warsuli moRvaweoba ruseTSi. magram amas bneli Zalebis
warmomadgenelni ver Seigneben da aki kidec `xulignurad~
gamoilaSqres Tqvens winaaRmdeg gazeT `kolokolSi~. imedia
Rirseul pasuxs gascemT. SeiZleba, Tqvens Semdeg mec rame
movaxseno am xulignuri werilis avtors... sweron rac un-
daT, simarTlem unda gaitanos Tavisi. Cveni xsna eklesiis
TavisuflebaSia, romelsac Tqven medgrad icavT.~ (25, 1319).
amis Semdeg arqimandritma ambrosim upasuxa `kolokol-
Si~ fsevdonims amofarebul dekanoz ivane vostorgovs. `xma
soxumidan~. es ar iyo ubralo pasuxi Savrazmeli mjRabnel-
is gamoxdomaze, am werilSi kargad Canda ruseTis saero da
sasuliero xelisuflebis damokidebuleba qarTveli xalx-
is mimarT. arqimandriti ambrosi aRniSnavda: `yvelas emaxs-
ovneba Seuwynarebloba da siZulvili yovelive qarTuli-
sadmi... amiTgan dasnebovnebulni iyvnen cnobili moRvaweni
kavkasiaSi: episkoposi arseni, dekanozebi-vostorgovi, ias-
trebovi da sxvani... sakuTari erovnuli fizionomiis Senar-
Cunebisaken swrafvis gaZliereba, am mimarTulebiT xalxis
gamoRviZeba aris zemoxsenebulTa da maT msgavs kacTa moR-
vaweobis Sedegi da samarTlianoba moiTxovs iTqvas, rom am
azriT maT xalxs didi samsaxuri gauwies... aRniSneul pirTa
moRvaweobis mizani unda yofiliyo qarTveli xalxis rusebTan
daaxloeba... magram isini amiT rodi Semoifarglnen, maT meti
moindomes mxaris rac SeiZleba swrafi garuseba, rac Seu-
Zlebeli aRmoCnda. arqimandriti ambrosi amxelda im sa-

19
suliero pirTa saqmianobas, romelnic CarTulni iyvnen daun-
dobel rusifikaciis politikaSi, romelnic qarTul enas
`ZaRlebis enas~, qarTul saeklesio galobas `ZaRlebis ye-
fas~ uwodebdnen, cdilobdnen afxazeTis qarTvelobis Seu-
racxyofas, ukrZalavdnen maT mSobliur enaze wirva-locvebs.
igi konkretuli magaliTebiT aCvenebda Tu ramdenad uary-
ofiTia ruseTis saeklesio politika afxazeTSi da rogor
uwyobda igi xels qristianobis sawinaaRmdegod. mahmadiano-
bis gavrcelebas, ixsenebda episkopos gabriels (qiqoZe),
romelic cdilobda afxazebs mSobliur enaze SeeswavlaT
qristianuli sarwmunoebis arsi, hqondaT RvTismsaxureba.
werilis dasasruls arqimandriti ambrosi aRniSnavda: `dar-
wmunebuli varT, rom yovladsamRvdelo kirioni Tavisi moR-
vaweobiT soxumis eparqiaSi aRdgenas Zmobas da erTobas
yvela erovnebaTa Soris, xolo amierkavkasiidan gaqceuli
anaforianebisa da zogadad b. `rusiis~ msgavsi qarTvelo-
fobebis RvarZliTa da kacTsiZulviliT savse sityvebi ver
gamoiReben im Sedegs, kerZod afxazeTSi ZmaTmZulvarebisa
da ZmaTamkvlel sisxlis Rvras, rasac lamoben.~ (9, 121-
122).
1905-1907 wlebis revoluciuri gamosvlebisaTvis alix-
anov-avarskis razmebma cecxlis alSi gaaxvies dasavleT
saqarTvelos soflebi da dabebi. saqarTvelos egzarqosis
winadadebiT imperatorma nikoloz II-em guria-odiSis episko-
posi aleqsandre (oqropiriZe) gadaayena Tanamdebobidan sayve-
duris gamocxadebiT. xelisuflebis azriT, episkoposi aleqsan-
dre xels uSlida samegrelos skolebidan qarTuli enis
gandevnis gegmis ganxorcielebas. es amocana daakisres rene-
gat qarTvels, episkopos dimitri abaSiZes, romelic gulm-
odgined Seudga Tavisi misiis Sesrulebas.
amave dros socialur-demokratebis bolSevikurma frTam
gaaZliera ciliswameba da Seuracxyofa erovnul-ganmaTa-
visuflebeli moZraobis warmomadgenlebze. kosmopolitizmi
Tu patriotizmi?~ `klasobrivi da socialuri sakiTxebi,~

20
ai yvelaze aqtualuri Temebi, romelmac gadafara yvela da
yvelaferi. `proletarebo yvela qveynisa SeerTdiT!~ gah-
kioda didi da patara. aseT egzaltirebas Tan axlda veragu-
li SurisZiebac 1907 wlis 30 agvistos wiwamurTan mokles
ilia WavWavaZe, moxda gadagvarebuli qarTveli social-
demokratebis da ruseTis reaqciuli Zalebis interesTa
Tanxvdoma, brZola erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi da eklesi-
uri Tavisuflebis ideebis winaaRmdeg kidev ufro gaZlier-
da. 1907 wlis noemberSi gardaicvala episkoposi aleqsan-
dre oqropiriZe. misi gardacvaleba didi danaklisi iyo
qarTveli xalxisaTvis. meufe aleqsandre gardacvaleba Zlier
ganicada arqimandritma ambrosim, romelmac 1907 wlis 16
noembers SiomRvimis monasterSi Tavisi gamosaTxovari si-
tyva ase daiwyo:
`esreT hbrwyinevdin naTeli Tqueni winaSe kacTa, raTa
ixilnen saqmeni Tqueni keTilni da adidebden mamasa Tquensa
zecaTasa~ (maTes sax. T. 5, 16).
esec kidev erTi msxverpli am mokle droSi. gaumaZRarma
da Seubralebelma sikvdilma saqarTvelos mostaca yovlad
samRvdelo aleqsandre. Tumca kaci RvTisagan dawesebul
kanons ver gadauva da yovlad samRvdelo aleqsandrem kide-
vac gardaacila Tavis xangrZliv sicocxliT im zomas, romel-
ic dadebulia rCeulTaTvis (fsalm. 89,10). magram am nair
zegardmo madliT cxebul adamianTa micvalebas kacis guli
mainc ver urigdeba, mas unda yovelTvis hyavdes igi samSob-
lo mxaris nugeSad.
yovlad samRvdelo aleqsandres Tavdadebuli moRvaweoba
mSobliur eklesiis da samSoblo mxaris aRorZinebisaTvis
udidesi misabaZi magaliTia Cven qarTvelTaTvis, misi sxi-
vosani saTnoebiani saxe mudmivi saukeTeso gzis maCvenebelia.
`esreT brwyinavdian naTeli Tqveni winaSe kacTa, raTa
ixilnen saqmeni Tqvenni keTilni da adidebdnen mamasa Tquen-
sa zecaTasa~-o. gvibrZanebs qristes wmida moZRvreba da
gviTiTebs am Rirseul cxedarze, _ gansvenebulis xangr-

21
Zliv, saTnoebian da saxelovan moRvaweobaze.
romeli erTi gansvenebulis saTnoebiT savse xangrZliv,
namdvili qristianuli cxovrebis mxares unda mivaqcioT
yuradReba?! Cven ar ZalgviZs am mokle sityvaSi savsebiT
davaxasiaToT misi RirsaRsaniSnavi cxovrebis yvela mxaree-
bi, amisaTvis saWiroa meti dro da meti niWi da mW-
evrmetyveleba.
gansvenebulma yovlad samRvdelom gvaswavla Cven, ramde-
naT SeiZleba am ukuRmarT droSiac viyoT namdvili qris-
tianeni, _ qristianuli idealebis matarebelni, rogorc
matarebeli WeSmariti qristianuli siyvarulisa, _ im siy-
varulisa, romelic yvelas erT rigaT unda efinebodes, _
ar arCevdes axlobels ara axlobelisagan, _ romelic unda
aviwyebinebdes pirad interesebs da abedvinebdes sicocx-
lis Sewirvas moyvasisaTvis, _ rogorc matarebeli amnairi
siyvarulisa, is Tavis cxovrebiT gvimtkicebs, rom es qriste-
sagan mis mimdevarTaTvis daxatuli ideali am qveynad Sesa-
Zlebelia ganxorcieldes. jer isev studentobis dros,
rodesac yazanis mxareSi xolera mZvinvarebda, gansvenebuli
uSiSrad da Tavganwirulad emsaxureboda am saSineli seniT
SepyrobilT ganurCevlad maTi Camomavlobisa da sarwmunoe-
bisa, misi Tavganwiruloba moZmeTaTvis, misi mouridebloba
am saSineli da metadre maSin Tavzardamcem senisa ancvi-
frebda yvelas, rac xazgasmiT aRniSnulia TviT yazanis aka-
demiis istoriaSi. es erTi faqtic mSvenierad axasiaTebs
yovlad samRvdelo aleqsandre qristianuls cxovrebas. ase-
Tive darCa gansvenebuli ukanasknel wuTamdis. is Tavis xan-
grZliv cxovrebaSi am qveynad mravalferad asrulebda am
diad mcnebas, _ mcnebas moZmeTa siyvarulisaTvisas.
misi qvelmoqmedeba, misgan aRdgenilni qarTvelTa kul-
turis maCvenebeli naSTebi, misgan gamocemuli saRvTismetyve-
lo da samecniero Cven winaparTa nawarmoebni, misis safasiT
aRdgenilni, mSobliuri galoba, misi Sroma da siqvele mam-
ulis SvilTa aRzrdaSi da mravali sxva misi amnairi Rvawli

22
yvelasagan cnobilia. misi Rrma sarwmunoeba cxovrebaSi ganx-
orcielebuli, siyvaruli samSoblo qveynisa TviT misi qris-
tianul sarwmunoebasTan mWidrod SekavSirebuli, _ misi
piruTvneloba, uSiSroba am soflis ufalTa da ZlierTa
mxilebaSi da mravali sxva misi saTnoebiani sulis Tvisebani
xdida mas namdvil warmomadgenelad im Zveli Cveni wmida
mamaTa, romelTa mravalmxrivma Rvawlma daicva Cveni sarw-
munoeba, ena da erovneba mozvavebul-auarebeli mterTagan.
yvela amaebze ukve bevri Tqmula da dawerila da mec aq aras
vityvi.
vityvi oriode sityvas mxolod imaze, rac aq ar Tqmula,
_ gansvenebulis mociqulebriv moRvaweobaze afxazeTSi.
RmerTma pirvel xanebSi mas arguna samsaxuri da moRvaweoba
am saqarTvelos ganapira mxareSi, jer rogorc afxazTa Svileb-
is aRmzrdels, Semdeg rogorc misioner-mqadagebels da bolos
rogorc mwyemsT-mTavars. is mudam Tavganwirulad emsax-
ureboda afxazTa moqcevis saqmes, _ ar zogavda sakuTar
saSvalebas skolaT daarsebisaTvis, _ Tavis xarjiT zrdida
afxazTa Svilebs da amzadebda maT mRvdlobis xarisxSi samoR-
vaweod, _ medgrad icavda samRvdeloebis da samwysos in-
teresebs, uxvad eweoda qvriv-obolTa, mis da samwysos Soris
arsebobda mamaSviluri kavSiri, dafuZnebuli WeSmarit qris-
tianul siyvarulze. mas ar uyvarda mdidruli cxovreba,
cxovrobda TiTqmis egreTve sadaT, rogorc erTi ukanaskne-
li Raribi mis samwysoTagani. es sada cxovreba, es xalxTan
siaxlove xdida mas namdvil Zvel mSobliur eklesiis mw-
yemsT-mTavarTa msgavsad.
moviyvan erTs magaliTs imisas, Tu ranairi gavlena hqon-
da gansvenebulis amnair cxovrebas xalxzed, ranairi uzomo
ndoba hqonda damsaxurebuli TviT mahmadian afxazTa Soris.
1866 wlis amboxebis Caqrobis Semdeg afxazebis umravleso-
ba iZulebuli gaxda gadasaxlebuliyo osmaleTSi.
am ubedur dros, roca afxazTaTvis yvela qristianis
saxelis matarebeli sazizRari iyo, mxolod yovlad sam-

23
Rvdelo aleqsandres hqonda afxazebTan kavSiri, mxolod
mas uziarebdnen TavianT Wir-varams, mas endobodnen.
ai, am xanebSi mwyemsT-mTavarTan Semodis erTi mahmadiani
afxazi, saxelad urusi, Tavisis Tormeti wlis SviliT.
rodesac yovlad samRvdelom Cveulebrivi alersiani kilo-
Ti hkiTxa uruss mosvlis mizezi, ukanasknelma moaxsena
Semdegi: `SenTan movedi, keTilo mwyemso da mamao! me sam-
udamod veTxovebi samSoblos, mivdivar osmaleTSi sacx-
ovreblad da Cemi vaJi davstovo SenTan, meti ara gamaCnia
ra, coli da sxva Svilebi adre davkarge, ar vici ra mome-
lis ucxo mxareSi, magram mainc vstoveb Cems sayvarel
samSoblos. ar minda Cemi ubedureba gavuziaro Cems erTad-
erT Svils da SenTan moviyvane, mowyaleo mamao, vici mi-
iReb, aRzrdi qristianulad da iqneba bednieri~-o.
Tvalcremliani mama gamoeTxova sayvarel Svils, romel-
ic gansvenebulis meoxebiTa da safasiT aRizarda da mRvde-
lobaSi didi sargebloba moutana qristianobas afxazeTSi.
am faqts ganmarteba ar sWiria. amnair ganwyobilebas sam-
wysosTan didi nayofi mohqonda. iwyes afxazTa qristianobis
miReba, romelic kidec damTavrda TiTqmis 80-ian wlebSi
netar xsenebuli afxazeTis meore mociqulis ep. gabrielis
dros. amis Semdeg ganvlo sakmarisma drom, qristianuli
saqme progresulad denis nacvlad regresiulad mimdinare-
obs. ukanaskneli cnobebiT, ramdenime sofelma ukve uaryo
qristianoba. mizezi cxadia: ar arian aleqsandre-gabrielisebri
mociqulni.
netarxsenebulo mwyemsT-mTavaro, sxva Seni mraval mxriv
RvawlTan erTad amasac ar daiviwyebs qarTveli eri, afxaze-
Tis qristiani nawili da iqauri samRvdeloeba.
ganisvene, qarTvelTa mamao da keTilo mwyemsTmTavaro,
zegardmo madliT cxebulo moRvawev, aRmaSeneblad wodebu-
lo, _ ganisvene am Sengan ganaxlebul-gamSvenebul taZarSi.
es wm. taZari iqneba saukuno Senganve Seqmnili nivTieri
Zegli Sens saflavze da yovel qarTvelis gulSi ki gedgme-

24
ba samudamo uxilavi Zegli.
iloce, Cveno axalo RvTis winaSe Suamdgomelo, _ iloce
sxva Cven wm. mamebTan erTad samSoblo mxaris qristianulad
da kulturulad aRyvavebisaTvis. amin.~ (26, 9-13).
arqimandriti ambrosi.

25
 2. brZola saqarTvelos eklesiuri da
erovnuli interesebis dasacavad

arqimandriti ambrosi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli ek-

lesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenisaTvis erT-erTi daucxrome-
li mebrZoli sasuliero piri iyo. 1811 wels ruseTis im-
peratorma aleqsandre I-ma marTlmadidebluri saeklesio
kanonikis uxeSi darRveviT gamosca brZanebuleba saqarTve-
los uZvelesi samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqme-
bis Sesaxeb.sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uw-
midesi da unetaresi anton II ruseTSi gadaasaxles. saqarTve-
los marTlmadidebeli eklesiis kaTolikos-patriarqis sax-
elo gaauqmes. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia ruse-
Tis eklesiis nawilad gamoacxades, romelsac saTaveSi ruse-
Tis sinods daqvemdebarebuli egzarqosi Cauyenes. rusi eg-
zarqosebi gaxdnen rusuli velikoderJavuli da Sovinis-
turi ideologiis mTavari dasayrdenni saqarTveloSi. rusi
egzarqosebis antiqarTuli, antiqristianuli saqmianobis
Sesaxeb araerTi sayuradRebo naSromi Tu mogonebaa gamo-
qveynebuli. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa cnobili
rusi slavofilis n. durnovis, uwmidesi da unetaresi sruli-
ad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq kalistrates Canaw-
erebi.
qarTveli xalxi arasodes Seguebia saxelmwifoebrivi da
saeklesio damokidebulebis dakargvas.
XIX saukunis I naxevarSi, 1802 wlis kaxeTis ajanyebiT
daiwyo erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba. 1819-20
wlebis imereTis saeklesio amboxi mimarTuli iyo saqarTve-
los egzarqosis Teofilaqte rusanovis mZarcveluri poli-
tikis winaaRmdeg.
imereTis ajanyebis moTaveTa, dosiTeoz quTaTelis da
eqvTime genaTelis ruseTis xelisufalTagan samagaliTod
dasjam saqarTveloSi sabolood damsxvria erTmorwmuneo-
bis dogmebze aRmocenebuli romantikuli megobrobisa da

26
qristianuli saTnoebis iluziebi.
qarTveli eri mkacri realobis winaSe aRmoCnda, an unda
daeviwyebina yovelive qarTuli da garusebuliyo, an ebrZo-
la ruseTis koloniuri politikis winaaRmdeg. qarTvelma
xalxma arCevani meoris sasargeblod gaakeTa.
XIX saukunis II naxevarSi erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebel
moZraobas saTaveSi Caudga ilia WavWavaZis Taoba. pirveli
nabijebi gadaidga erovnuli cnobierebis gamoRviZebisaken,
amas mohyva aRmsareblobiT da cnobierebiT daqucmacebuli
qarTvelobis gamTlianobis rTuli procesi. erovnul-gan-
maTavisuflebeli moZraobis mesveurebma qarTvel samRvde-
loebasTan erTad dRis wesrigSi daayenes saqarTvelos mar-
Tlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdge-
nis aucilebloba. sazogadoebis informirebisa da momzadeb-
is mizniT qarTul da rusul presaSi, samecniero Jurnaleb-
Si daiwyo polemikuri statiebis beWdva, romelic exeboda
saqarTvelos eklesiis istorias, mis avtokefalias, rusi
egzarqosebis antiqarTuli saqmianobis mxilebas. saqarTve-
los eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis moTxovna Tu XIX
saukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi salonuri Sekrebebis mTavari
Tema iyo, XIX saukunis 80-90-ian wlebSi ukve Tamam, po-
lemikur xasiaTs atarebda. am moZraobis mesveurT `avtoke-
falistebs~ uwodebdnen. avtokefalur moZraobas mxars uWerd-
nen: ilia WavWavaZe, akaki wereTeli, iakob gogebaSvili, prof.
al. cagareli, prof. al. xaxanaSvili, prof. i. javaxiSvili,
prof. z. avaliSvili, s. gorgaZe, n. mari. sasuliero pire-
bidan _ episkoposebi: gabriel qiqoZe, aleqsandre oqropi-
riZe, leonide oqropiriZe, kirion saZagliSvili, anton gior-
gaZe, arqimandriti ambrosi xelaia, dekanozebi: nikita Ta-
lakvaZe, kalistrate cincaZe, qristefore cicqiSvili da
sxvebi.
ruseTis xelisufleba pirvel xanebSi araseriozulad
aRiqvamda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo ek-
lesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis moTxovnas da fiqrobda, es

27
moZraoba mecnierul polemikas ar gascdeboda, magram, rode-
sac 1905 wels TbilisSi qarTveli samRvdeloebis sagange-
bo yrilobaze miRebul iqna Semdegi peticia: `qarTvelma
samRvdeloebam mxedvelobaSi miiRo zemoTqmuli, agreTve is,
rom jererTi, iveriis eklesia kanonikurad gaxlavT avtoke-
faluri, vinaidan ar yofila krebis dadgenileba misi av-
tokefaliis gauqmebisa da arc SeiZleboda yofiliyo: meo-
rec, mxolod eklesias, romelsac Tavisuflad SeuZlia TviT-
Segnebis sruliad aRsareba, Tavisufali Sinagani wyobilebiT,
Tavisuflad ZaluZs Tavisi sityviTmsaxureba, yvela Tavisi
saqmisa da misadmi rwmunebuli yovelives Tavisuflad mar-
Tva, mxolod Tavisuflad TviTmmarTvel eklesias Seswevs
unari daicvas Tavisi sruli didebuli wmida rwmena da
savsebiT flobdes RvTaebrivi mowodebis gansaxorciele-
blad aucilebel xmas, romelic adamianis guls aRanTebs;
da bolos eklesiis damoukideblad arsebobisaTvis metad
saWiroa materialuri saSualebebi. amitom iTxovs: I iveriis
eklesias daubrundes avtokefaluri uflebebi da Tavisi
kaTolikosiTurT aRdges mcxeTa-iveriis sakaTalikoso adrin-
del sazRvrebSi.
II. aRdges wesi, roca RvTismsaxurTa ganTavisuflebul
adgilebs arCevnebis Sedegad ikavebdnen.
III. kaTolikosTan dafuZndes wmida sinodi, xolo eparqi-
is mRvdelmTavrebTan sabWoebi; Sedgenili garkveuli vadiT
arCeuli sasuliero da saero pirTagan.
IV. kaTolikosTan arsebuli wmida sinodis xelSi moeqc-
es yvela eklesiis, monastris, samRvdeloebis, saswavlo-
sasuliero dawesebulebis da saqvelmoqmedo dawesebulebe-
bis umaRlesi marTva-gamgeoba.
V. iveriis eklesias daubrundes saxelmwifosaTvis gada-
cemuli saeklesio mamuli.~ (27, 81-82). peticias xeli moawera
412 RvTismsaxurma. movlenebis aseT ganviTarebas ar eloda
saqarTvelos egzarqosi aleqsi, romelmac saero mTavrobis
jari mosTxova `meamboxe~ da `urCi~ samRvdeloebis dasaSle-

28
lad. rusma jariskacebma siamovnebiT Seasrules xelisu-
flebis survili da maTraxebiT scemes golovinis gamzirze
saeklesio droSebiT, xatebiT gamosul qarTveli samRvde-
loebis warmomadgenlebs. ruseTis xelisuflebis aseTma
qmedebam araTu Seanela, aramed kidev ufro gaamZafra saqarTve-
los marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis
aRdgenis moTxovna. aseT viTarebaSi xelisufleba iZulebu-
li gaxda peterburgSi 1906 wels sinodis sagangebo sxdoma
daeniSna, sadac unda gaerkviaT ramdenad kanonieri iyo qarTve-
li samRvdelobis moTxovna. sinodis sxdomaze saqarTvelos
eklesiis interesebs icavdnen episkoposebi: kirioni, le-
onide, prof. n. mari, prof. al. cagareli, prof. al. xaxanaS-
vili. ruseTis xelisuflebam qarTvelebs isev qarTveli rene-
gatebi daupirispira, episkoposi eqvTime eliaSvili, episko-
posi dimitri abaSiZe. am ukanasknelma ase gaaxmovana xe-
lisuflebis pozicia _ daiWireT episkoposebi kirioni da
leonidi... saqarTveloSi avtokefalia aRaravis gaaxsende-
bao.~ xelisuflebam daiwyo qarTveli avtokefalistebis devna,
dawesda maTze saidumlo TvalTvali, Worebis gavrceleba.
episkopos kirions egzarqos nikonis mkvlelobaSi dasdes
brali (miuxedavad imisa, rom araviTari samxili ar arsebob-
da) da gadaasaxles ruseTSi, represiebis msxverpli gaxda
arqimandriti ambrosi xelaia, rogorc igi werda: `1908
wlis damlevs uwmidesi sinodis gankargulebiT sastikad
viqeni dasjili: aRmexada mRvdel-msaxurebis ufleba da gag-
zavnil viqeni riazanis samebis monasterSi, sadac gavatare
erT weliwadze meti sastiki reJimis qveS. 1910 wels dami-
brunes mRvdelmsaxurebis ufleba da momces winamZRvris
adgili. Cemi gadmosaxlebis Semdeg gadis TiTqmis rva weli-
wadi, magram yovel Cem Txovnas samSobloSi dabrunebaze
uwmidesi sinodi uyuradRebod tovebda. ukanaskneli piradadac
gamomicxades, rom Cemze iTvleba raRac Zveli codvebi, ma-
gram rodesac moviTxove am codvebis dasaxeleba, miTxres,
rom amis Tqma uxerxulia da verc gaigeb rodismeo. sCans

29
maT ara aqvT konkretuli faqtebi Cems winaaRmdeg da mx-
olod maTi politika unda Txoulobdes Cemi samSoblos
gare yofnas, rogorc maTi SexedulebiT, arasaimedo piri-
sas. amis gamo axlac, rodesac sxva gadmosaxlebulebs ahx-
ades arasaimedo pirebis saxeli, rodesac, rogorc gazeTeb-
mac gvamcnes, moxda maTi reabilitacia, Cems mdgomareobas
ar eSvela ra da axlac sityvierad magebineben, rom Cemi
mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba mouxerxebelia, radgan Zveli
codvebi amis winaaRmdegs gvikarnaxebso, magram mwams, rom
dro male gamoicvleba. sazogadod, me yovelTvis winaaRmde-
gi viyavi da viqnebi imisa, rom qarTvelma kacma nebiT miato-
vos Tavisi samSoblo mxare, Tundac sxvagan mas moelodes
piradi warmateba da bedniereba.~ (2,30).
arqimandriti ambrosi 1909 wlis 1 ianvridan imave wlis
dekembramde riazanis eparqiis samebis monastris patimari
iyo, akrZaluli hqonda RvTismsaxureba, masac egzarqos ni-
konis mkvleloba daabrales. radgan warmodgenili absurdu-
li braldeba ver daumtkices, aRudgines RvTismsaxurebis
ufleba da novgorodis eparqiis staraia rusas monastris
winamZRvrad daniSnes. misi samSobloSi dabrunebis mcdelo-
ba uSedegod dasrulda...
1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg arqimandrit
ambrosis saSualeba mieca samSobloSi dabrunebuliyo. igi
aqtiurad CaerTo avtokefalur moZraobaSi. 1917 wlis 12(25)
marts qarTvelma samRvdeloebam sveticxovlis sapatriarqo
taZarSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis
avtokefalia gamoacxada. arqimandriti ambrosi aqtiurad
monawileobda avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis saqmi-
anobaSi. mosagvarebeli iyo ruseTis droebiT mTavrobasTan
da saqarTveloSi mis filial _ amierkavkasiis gansakuTre-
bul komitetTan urTierToba, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebe-
li eklesiis saxelmwifoSi samarTlebrivi urTierTobis, ruse-
Tis eklesiis sinodTan damokidebulebis sakiTxebi. aseve

30
rTuli iyo qonebrivi davis sakiTxebis mogvareba.
ruseTis sasuliero ierarqebs gagonebac ar surdaT imi-
sa, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiasTan raime
urTierToba daemyarebinaT. isini Tvlidnen, rom saqarTve-
los marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena iyo
arakanonikuri, revoluciuri aqti da uars ambobdnen qarTv-
el sasuliero pirebTan yovelgvar molaparakebaze, rac Se-
exeboda ruseTis droebiT mTavrobas, didi sixaruliT arc
isini Sexvedrian saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
avtokefaliis aRdgenas, amgram mainc Tanaxmani iyvnen ewar-
moebinaT molaparakeba saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli ek-
lesiis warmomadgenlebTan qarTuli eklesiis uflebrivi
mdgomareobis sakiTxebze ruseTis saxelmwifoSi.
1917 wlis 9 ivnisidan 2 agvistomde petrogradSi ruseTis-
droebiT mTavrobasTan saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli ek-
lesiis saxeliT molaparakebebs awarmoebdnen episkoposi
antoni (giorgaZe), arqimandriti ambrosi (xelaia) da de-
kanozi kalistrate cincaZe. qarTvel sasuliero pirebs ime-
di hqondaT imxanad petrogradSi moRvawe qarTvelebis dax-
marebisa da arc Semcdaran, karlo CxeiZe, irakli wereTeli,
zurab avaliSvili, nino gelovani, romelTac didi gavlena
hqondaT revoluciur petrogradSi yovelnair daxmarebas
uwevdnen saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis delega-
cias. qarTveli sasuliero pirebi Sexvdnen ruseTis sino-
dis oberprokuror lvovs, sarwmunoebis ministr kartaSevs,
ruseTis droebiTi mTavrobis Tavmjdomares kerenskis. daZab-
uli molaparakebis dros gamoikveTa ruseTis mTavrobis
pozicia, isini mxolod im SemTxvevaSi daamtkicebdnen
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis
debulebas, Tu saubari iqneboda ara teritorialur, aramed
erovnul avtokefaliaze.
aseT viTarebaSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
delegaciam miiRo gadawyvetileba samSobloSi gamomgzavre-
bis Sesaxeb.

31
mRvdelmonazoni ambrosi
1900 w.

32
mRvdelmonazoni ambrosi
1901 w.

33
arqimandriti ambrosi
1903 w.

34
arqimandriti ambrosi
1905 w.

35
arqimandriti ambrosi SvilebTan erTad
1906 w.

36
episkoposi aleqsandre (oqropiriZe)
1905 w.

37
episkoposi pirosi (oqropiriZe)
1917 w.

38
episkoposi kirioni (saZagliSvili)
arqimandriti ambrosi (xelaia)
1906 w.

39
 sxedan: episkoposi antoni (giorgaZe)
arqimandriti ambrosi (xelaia)
dganan: dekanozi kalistrate (cincaZe)
da ucnobi rusi mRvdeli
1917 w.

40
1917 wlis 12 marts mcxeTaSi sveticxovlis
sapatriarqo taZarSi miRebuli saqarTvelos
samociqulo eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis
dokumenti (dedani inaxeba saqarTvelos
sapatriarqoSi)

41
 1917 wlis 17 seqtemberi, Tbilisi, sionis
sapatriarqo taZris ezo. saeklesio krebis
monawileTa erTi jgufi.
II rigi: dekanozebi: raJden xundaZe, kalistrate cin-
caZe, korneli kekeliZe, episkoposi pirosi (oqropi-
riZe), mitropoliti leonide (oqropiriZe), sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi kirion
II, mitropoliti antoni (giorgaZe), arqimandriti
ambrosi (xelaia), arqimandriti naxari (leJava), mRvde-
li anton kekelia, dekanozi qristefore cicqiSvili.
I rigi: samoqalaqo pirebi: parTen goTua, rafiel
ivanicki (ingilo), daviT daviTaSvili (daviTovi).

42
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi
uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion II
1917 w.

43
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi
uwmidesi da unetaresi leonide
1919 w.

44
Wyondideli mitropoliti ambrosi
1917 w.

45
cxum-bedieli mitropoliti ambrosi
1921 w.

46
 1917 wlis 14 agvistos TbilisSi saeklesio krebis winaswar
sxdomaze moismines episkopos antonis, arqimandrit ambro-
sisa da dekanoz kalistrates informaciebi petrogradSi
gamarTuli molaparakebebis Sesaxeb da miiRes gadawyvetileba
emoqmedaT sakuTari sindisisa da saqarTvelos marTlmadide-
beli eklesiis interesebis Sesabamisad.
1917 wlis 8-17 seqtembers TbilisSi sionis sapatriarqo
taZris ezoSi mimdinareobda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiis pirveli kreba, romelmac miiRo ek-
lesiis marTva-gamgeobis debuleba, daamtkica 13 eparqia,
gamoarCia mmarTveli mRvdelmTavrebi. airCia sruliad saqarTve-
los kaTolikos-patriarqi, pirvelad es pativi wilad xvda
episkopos kirions, romelsac ewoda sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqi da mcxeTis mTavarepiskoposi, unetaresi
da uwmidesi kirion II. saeklesio krebaze arqimandritma
ambrosim waikiTxa samurzayanodan Tavad mixeil anCebaZis
misalmeba _ afxazeTis sazogadoeba Zmuri salmiT miesalme-
ba moZme ers, ulocavs dResaswauls da auwyebs afxazeTis
saqarTvelosTan SeerTebas. swored is faqti, rom bagrat III
iwodeboda mefed afxazTa da qarTvelTa, dasaflavebulia
bediis monasterSi, maCvenebelia im sulieri kavSirisa, romel-
ic arsebobs afxazeTsa da saqarTvelos Soris
saeklesio krebam Wyondidel episkoposad daamtkica am-
brosi xelaia, romelic uwmidesma da unetaresma kirionma
imave dRes mitropolitis xarisxSi aiyvana. es iyo uiSvia-
Tesi SemTxveva saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis is-
toriaSi, magram am gadawyvetilebis samarTlianobas yvela
aRiarebda. meufe ambrosim Caibara Wyondidis eparqia da Seudga
saqmianobas. 1917 wlis 2 noembers saqarTvelos marTlma-
didebeli eklesiis sakaTalikoso sabWos sxdomaze, romel-
sac Tavmjdomareobda kaTolikos-patriarqi kirion II im-
sjeles cxum-bedielis kaTedris aRdgenis aucileblobaze.
sakaTalikoso sabWom mitropolit ambrosis aseTi Sinaarsis
mimarTva gaugzavna: sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWom

47
ama wlis 2 giorgobisTves Tavis sxdomaze iqonia msjeloba
cxumis (afxazeTis) kaTedris aRdgenis Sesaxeb.
es kaTedra Zvelad iyo cxum-bediis eparqiebisa (terito-
ria Zveli eparqiebis: drandis _ imave cxumis, bediisa, mo-
qvisa da biWvinTisa) _ exlandeli soxumis olqi gagris
ubnis mimatebiT, kaTedra mRvdelmTavrisa iyo cxumSi (sox-
umSi), rezidencia iqve.
cxumis kaTedras Zvelad didi mniSvneloba hqonda. sarw-
munoebrivi-saeklesio kavSiri aerTebda mraval saukuneTa
ganmavlobaSi qarTvel ers afxazebTan Zmuris kavSiriT.
samwuxarod, mraval mizezebisa gamo, es kavSiri qarTvel-
Ta da afxazTa Soris, cota ar iyos, Sesustda.
sakaTalikozo sabWos azriT, saqarTvelos eklesiis aRd-
gena da momavali ueWveli aRorZineba misi Tavdebia, rom
SesaZlebeli unda iyos kvlav gaZliereba qarTvelTa da afx-
azTa Soris Zmuri kavSirisa da sarwmunoebriv-saeklesio
erTobisa~ (12, 463).
vinaidgan dRes afxazeTi aris miwerili Wyondidis epar-
qiaze, sakaTalikozo sabWo mogmarTavT Tqven maRalyovla-
dusamRvdeloesobas da gTxovT mimovlioT es mxare (afxaze-
Tis) da gaacnoT adgilobrivni mkvidrni Tu raodenad mouci-
lebeli saWiroeba aris, rogorc qarTvelTaTvis, ise kidev
ufro afxazTaTvis ganaxleba im sarwmunoebriv-saeklesio
kavSirisa, romelic saukuneTa manZilze aerTebda am RviZl
Zmebs.
1917 wlis 12 dekembers samurzayanos samRvdeloebam ase-
Ti Sinaarsis oqmi gaugzavna sruliad saqarTvelos kaToli-
kos-patriarq uwmides kirions da mitropolit ambrosis.
1917 welsa dekembris 12 dResa. am ricxvs Sedga daba
galSi samurzayanos nawilis da sofel iloris, samRvde-
loebis da samrevloTa warmomadgenlebis SeerTebuli kreba.
Tavmjdomared iqmna amorCeuli mRvdeli samsoni svaniZe,
xolo mdivnad mRvdeli barTlome xarebava, amis Semdeg kre-
ba Seudga dRevandeli momentis mier gamowveuli sxvadasxva

48
sakiTxebis garCevas, sakiTxebis, romlebic xels Seuwyoben
adgilobrivi saeklesio cxovrebis mowesrigebas. vinaidan
samurzayano Sesulia saqarTvelos sakaTalikosoSi krebam
erTxmad daadgina:
1) sanamde gamoirkveodes, samurzayano-afxazTa urTierT
Soris damokidebuleba eklesiuri cxovrebis mxriv, droe-
biT miekedlos Wyondidelis samitropolitos da dReis
ricxvidan mospos yovelive damokidebuleba soxumis episko-
pozi sergi da misi kancelariasTan.
2) krebam daadgina daarsdes samurzayanoSi sami saekle-
sio saolqo sabWo: a) d. galSi, sadac Sedis Semdegi mrev-
lebi: a) pirveli da meore gali, b) xumuSquri, g) rebCxi,
d) papiConi, e) refi, v) SeSeleTi, z) barRebi, T) qvemo
barRebi, i) nabakevi, i) Tagiloni pirveli da meore, ib)
otobaia pirveli da meore, ig) naWkadu da iv) zemo cxiri;
b) d. aCigvarSi, sadac Sedis Semdegi mrevlebi: a) ilori, b)
bedia pirveli da meore, d) sanavardo, v) muxuri, z) warCe,
c) gudava pirveli da meore, i) oqumi, ia) RumuriSi da ib)
CxorToli; g) s. Wuburxinji, sadac Sedis Semdegi mrevle-
bi: a) faxulani, b) saberio pirveli, meore da mesame, e)
dixazurga, v) Wuburxinji pirveli da meore da z) cxiri.
3) daarsdes yovelive eklesiasTan samrevlo sabWo.
4) saolqo sabWosi wevrebad amoirCes d. galSi mRvdelni
samsoni svaniZe, aleqsandre rurua da abeli Cexeria, mTa-
vari diakoni nikandre anjafariZe, medaviTne dimitri kakuba-
va da aqvsenti Wanturia, xolo eris kacTagan zosime qecbaia
da sosrani qorqia. d. aCigvaraSi mRvdelni konstantine ma-
jganaZe, barTlome xarebava da xaritoni Selia, medaviTneni
antoni Sarangia, aleqsandre xoWava da konstantine gegeWkori,
xolo eris kacisagan mixa Tarbaia, dedore gvilava da niko
benia.
s. WuburxinjSi _ mRvdelni nikolozi Wedia, aqvsenti
rurua da samsoni majganaZe, diakoni egnate Sonia, medaviTne
melitoni anjafariZe, eris kacTagan _ giorgi jaxia da

49
kosta pataraia da 5) oqmis dedani darCes d. galSi, xolo
asli gaugzavnos kaTolikos-patriarq kirion meores da Wy-
ondideli mitropolit ambrosis. Tavmjdomare mRvdeli sam-
son svaniZe. mdivani mRvdeli barTlome xarebava.~ (12, 689).
eparqiaSi didi Zalisxmeva iyo saWiro, raTa mosaxleo-
bis umravlesoba kvlav eklesiisaken Semobrunebuliyo.
ekonomikuri siduxWire, nakleb morwmuneoba, rTuli poli-
tikuri viTareba, yovelive es Tavis daRs asvamda saeparqio
cxovrebas. amas daemata yovlad maxinji movlena e.w. kuTx-
urobis momentebis win wamoweva eklesiaSi. dapirispirebani,
intrigebi yvelaze metad medroveebs awyobdaT. dapirispire-
bisa da muxanaTobis msxverpli gaxda 1918 wlis 27 ivniss
martyofis monasterSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-
patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion II. aseT rTul
viTarebaSi didi sulieri simtkice da mSobeli eklesiis
siyvaruli iyo is Zala, ramac gaaZlebina meufe ambrosis,
igi kvlav Cveuli gulmodginebiT emsaxureboda Tavis saqmes.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias didi
winaaRmdegobebi xvdeboda Tavisi iurisdiqciis mTeli
saqarTvelos teritoriaze ganvrcobisas, gansakuTrebiT didi
sirTuleebi iyo afxazeTSi. ruseTis saero da sasuliero
xelisuflebam XIX saukunis II naxevridan seriozuli sam-
uSaoebi Caatara afxazebSi, romelTa muslimanuri nawili
swored rusebis mier iqna gasaxlebuli XIX saukunis 70-
80-ian wlebSi maT unergavdnen im azrs, rom TiTqos maTi
erTaderTi mtrebi qarTvelebi iyvnen. afxazeTis teritori-
aze demografiuli viTarebis Secvlis mizniT ruseTis cen-
traluri guberniebidan asaxelebdnen aTasobiT russ, xolo
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva provinciebidan qarTvelebs iq Casax-
lebis ufleba ar hqondaT. ruseTis xelisuflebam scada
XX saukunis dasawyisSi soxumis eparqiis saqarTvelodan
CamoSorebac, magram adgilobrivi mosaxleobis winaaRmdego-
bis gamo es ver moxerxda.
1918 wlis 26 maiss, rodesac saqarTvelos demokratiuli

50
respublika gamocxadda, ruseTis bolSevikuri xelisuflebis
waqezebiT afxazma bolSevikebma miznad daisaxes afxazeTis
saqarTvelodan CamoSoreba. rusi episkoposi sergi am dros
soxumSi imyofeboda da rusulenovan mrevls mouwodebda
ar damorCilebodnen saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
iurisdiqcias. afxazma bolSevikebma Seqmnes samxedro-rev-
oluciuri komiteti, Camoayalibes wiTeli razmebi, daikaves
soxumi da afxazeTSi sabWoTa xelisufleba gamoacxades.
saqarTvelos mTavrobas sxva gza ar darCenoda, garda Seiar-
aRebuli Carevisa, raTa daecva qveynis teritoriuli mTlianoba.
`1918 wlis ivnisSi saxalxo gvardiam general giorgi mazniaS-
vilis sardlobiT daamarcxa afxaz separatistTa da maT
dasaxmareblad yubanidan Semosuli kazakTa wiTeli razmebi,
daikava soxumi. 22 ivniss saxalxo gvardia Sevida gagraSi, 2
ivliss aRebul iqna adleri, 6 ivliss soWi, 26 ivliss
tuafse.~ (6, 67). saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier afxaze-
Tis teritoriaze Tavisi iurisdiqciis aRdgenis Semdeg saek-
lesio separatizmis sulisCamdgmelebsac frTebi SeekvecaT.
1919 wlis oqtomberSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-
patriarqi uwmidesi leonidi, Wyondidel mitropolit am-
brosisa da dekanoz kalistrate cincaZis TanxlebiT soxums
estumra, Sexvda mosaxleobas da warudgina cxum-bedieli
mitropoliti ambrosi xelaia. mitropoliti ambrosi Tavis
moRvaweobas Seudga saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesi-
is yvelaze rTul eparqiaSi. sayovelTaod cnobili iyo misi
taqti, qristianuli Semwynarebloba, adgilobrivi pirobeb-
is kargad codna, patriotizmi. man Tavis garSemo Semoikriba
soxumis qarTveloba. Tavadma v. ServaSiZem soxumSi ukanon-
od myof rus episkoposs sergis aseTi werili gaugzavna
`sakaTalikoso sabWos mier soxumis eparqiis kanonier mmarTve-
lad daniSnulia mitropoliti ambrosi. Tqveni adgili aq
aRar aris.~ (3, 164). mitropolitma ambrosim daiwyo eparqia-
Si qarTuli wirva-locvebis aRdgena. qadagebebSi afxazeTis
mcxovrebT mouwodebda urTierTsiyvarulis, megobrobisa da

51
qristianuli saTnoebisaken.
1918 wlis 1 seqtembers mitropolitma ambrosim soxumis
sakaTalikoso taZarSi Sekrebil qarTvel morwmuneebs am
sityvebiT mimarTa

`madli Tqvenda mSvidoba RvTisa

mier mamisa da uflisa Cvenisa ieso
qristesa~ (galat. 1,3)

mociqulis am sityvebiT mogmarTavT Tqven, marTlmadide-

belno qarTvelno, wevrno saqarTvelos eklesiisano! siy-
varuliT mogesalmebiT.
me didi xania veZebdi SemTxvevas, menaxa am RvTivdacul
qalaqis qarTveloba, mindoda gamego aqauri mdgomareoba,
Tqveni qristianuli miswrafebani, Tqveni mSobliuri, aw ukve
Tavisufali eklesiis interesebis dacvis survili, am mis-
wrafebisa da survilis siRrme-sidiadis raodenoba. hqonda
sxva sabuTic am Cems survils. soxumi CemTvis gansakuTre-
biT dauviwyaria. aq aRmexila me pirvelad gonebis Tvali, aq
vmsaxurobdi rogorc moZRvari da, kidec TqvenSic vxedav
nacnob pirebs, romelTanac mqonia sulieri keTili ganwyo-
bileba. aq gavige da Sevigne Cveni eklesiis monobaSi yofnis
autanloba, mdgomareobis simwvave, _ is, rom morwmune eri
gamefebuli araqristianuli reJimis gamo Cqaris nabijiT
mieqaneboda gaurwmunoebis gzaze. aq gadagvareba-garusebis
politika ukiduresad iyo gamefebuli. aq Camesaxa protes-
tis gamocxadebis aucilebloba. aqidan _ soxumidan iwyeba
Cemi ekliani gziT siaruli, aq iyo dasabami Cemi tanjva-
devnuloba-vaeba-ubedurebisa. magram imasac vgrZnob, rom
soxumi iyo agreTve dasabami Cemis axlandelis SedarebiT
bednierebisa, vinaidan me bednieraT mimaCnia Cemi Tavi, rom
vixile is, rasac eltvodnen bevrni mamuliSvilni, magram
ver ixiles, e.i. maqvs saSvaleba TqvenTan erTad gaviziaro
bedniereba eklesiurad da erovnulad TavisuflebaSi yofnisa.

52
maS, CemTvis yovelTvis sasixarulo iyo da iqneba naxva,
TqvenTan yofna, rom davrwmunde Tqvens sarwmunoebrivad da
erovnulad ganmtkicebis gzaze dadgomaSi.
diax, Cveni erovnuli eklesia axla Tavisufalia, misi
bed-iRbali axla Cvens xelSia da visac ainteresebs sarwmu-
noebrivi kiTxvebi, vinc mis aucilebel saWiroebaSi darw-
munebulia, misi gamagrebas xeli unda Seuwyos. visac swams
Cveni eklesiis amagi warsulSi, _ is, rom man _ deda ekle-
siam _ mraval saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi daicva Cveni erovneba,
Segvanaxvia Cveni vinaoba, gvixsna gadagvareba-ganadgurebisa-
gan, _ rom mis SvilTa da mis wiaRSi Seqmnes mdidari
literatura, xuroTmoZRvreba, mogvca is mdidari saganZuri
literaturul nawarmoebTa, romlis mcire neSti, rac bar-
baros mterTa xels gadaurCa, _ Senaxulia Cvens da sxva
qveynebis muzeumebSi da romelTac gancvifrebaSi mohyavT
ucxo qveynebis mecnierebi, _ visac swams yvela es da Seg-
nebuli aqvs, usaTuod isic unda iwamos, rom amnairi ekle-
sia pativsacemia, is samomavloSiac SeZlebs moutanos sarge-
bloba mSobliur ers.
am erTweliwad naxevris win Cvenma eklesiam miiRo Tavisu-
fleba, daaRwia Tavi asi wlis monobas, aiyara monobis borkile-
bi. maSin Cven vambobdiT, rom yvelam xeli unda movumarToT
erovnul eklesias, gavamagroT misi Tavisufleba, radgan es
mopovebuli Tavisufleba Cven migvaCnda erovnul Tavisu-
flebis safuZvlad, qvakuTxedad. aki marTalic gamodga. am
ori-sami Tvis winaT Cven veRirseT politikur-erovnul
Tavisuflebasac. eklesiis moRvaweni da TviT eklesiac
gamodgnen pionerebad xalxis erovnul-politikuri ganTavisu-
flebis saqmisaTvis. maS, Rirsia Cveni eklesia yuradRebisa.
Cveni eklesia waagavs axladgankurnebul avadmyofs, romel-
sac fexebi imdenaT ar gamagrebia, rom mas saSiSroeba ar
moelodes dauxmareblad siarulis dros. saWiroa mxarSi
amodgoma, daxmareba, rom mTeli saukunis ganmavlobaSi sidam-
bleSi myofi da axladgankurnebul da fexadgmuli eklesiam

53
SeiZlos gamoiCinos is cxovelmyofeli Zala da unari mo-
qmedebisa, romliTac is ganTqmuli iyo Zvelad. ioane kesa-
rieli ityvis Tavis `fiziologiaSi~ im erTnair xvlikze,
romelic daberdeba da kbileb Cacvinuli xdeba da mRvimeSi
sZinavs. asi wlis Semdeg is gamodis mzeze, misi yviTeli
kani lurjad abrwyindeba, kbilebi amoudis da axalgazr-
davdeba. saqarTvelos eklesiac asi weliwadi damwyvdeuli
iyo mouZlurebuli, moqmedebis unarisagan gaZarculi, ma-
gram axla mas moxvda mzis sxivebi da isic gadaxalisdeba-
gabrwyindeba. es moxdeba mxolod Cvenis meoxebiT da xe-
lSewyobiT.
cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi arsebuli rTuli viTarebis
sruli suraTia mitropolit ambrosis moxsenebaSi, romli-
Tac man mimarTa saqarTvelos eklesiis sakaTalikoso sabWos
1918 wlis 26 dekembers soxumis eparqiis 56 eklesiis kre-
bulTa jamagirebi gadmoricxul iqmna mTavrobisagan Cems
gankargulebaSi. amasTan 36 krebulisaTvis Cem mier gaxsni-
li iqmna krediti senakis da foTis xazinebSi, xolo xuTi
eklesiis krebulTaTvis _ soxumis xazinaSi. danarCenTaTvis
ar gamixsnia krediti, radgan isini ar gadmoricxulan jer-
ac Cems eparqiaSi. am ukanasknelTagan aTi krebulisaTvis, ar
vici ra uflebiT, krediti gauxsnia soxumis episkoposs.
rac Seexeba soxumis soboris krebuls, misTvis uka-
nasknelad (gauciaT) jamagiri Cemda daukiTxavad da amisTvis
SevaCere. es krediti gadmoricxulia Cems gankargulebaSi
iqaur qarTvelTa sarwmunoebrivi moTxovnilebaTa dasakmay-
ofileblad da ara rusTaTvis, radgan qarTvelTa ricxvi q.
soxumSi TiTqmis Tvrameti aTasamdea, rusebis ki ar aRemateba
Svidi-rva aTass, xolo sakrebulo taZarSi wirva-locva
sruldeba mxolod rusul enaze, radganac jer-jerobiT
ver moxerxda soxumis qarTvelTaTvis qarTveli mRvdlis
daniSvna da weliwadic Tavdeba. me SemeZlo gamexsna es
krediti soxumis episkoposis gankargulebaSi, magram amas
xels uSlida is garemoeba, rom soxumis sakrebulo-taZar-

54
Si qarTvelTaTvis wirva-locva ar sruldeba dro gamoSve-
biT mainc da Cems mimarTvas soxumis episkoposma sergim
erTxelac ar ineba CemTvis pasuxi gaeca. rogorc CemTvis
SemdegSi cxad iqmna, amisi mizezi is iyo, rom igi Cvens
eklesias da mis ierarqias ar sTvlis marTlmadideblur
eklesiaT da kanonier ierarqiad. amis garda isic misaRebia
mxedvelobaSi, rom soxumis episkoposi ar scnobs saqarTve-
los respublikas da mis mTavrobas da soxumis sakrebulo
taZarSi misi brZanebiT aRavlenen RvTisadmi vedrebas ara
saqarTvelos, aramed ruseTis meufeebisaTvis. episkoposis
sergis ruseTis bolSevikur mTavrobis momxreobaze sakaTa-
likozo sabWom ukve icis Cemis moxsenebidan. me ar mimaCnia
samarTlianad Cveni respublikis xazinam aZlios krediti im
eklesias, romelic saqarTvelos respublikis farglebSi
myofi, ar iwynarebs mis qveSevrdomobas.
ep. sergi ganagebs eklesiurad Savi zRvis sanapiroebis im
nawils, romelic mdebareobs anapidan saqarTvelos sazRvram-
dis. maSasadame, is unda iTvlebodes episkoposad ruseTis
teritoriis mcxovrebTaTvis da ara saqarTvelos respub-
likis nawilis mcxovrebTaTvisac da, Tu iTvleba or sax-
elmwifoSi mosamsaxureT, cxadia, rom es xdeba ara kanoni-
erad, da saqarTvelos respublikis xazinam arc unda aZlios
amnairi mRvdelmTavris sakaTedro taZris krebuls jamag-
irebi, miT umetes, rom am taZarSi qarTvelTaTvis ar srul-
deba wirva-locva qarTul enaze.
amisTvis, Cemis azriT, rogorc soxumis, ise afxazeTis im
mrevlebis kreditebi, romelic gaxsnilia Cems gankargule-
baSi iqauri qarTvelebis sarwmunoebrivi moTxovnilebaTa
dasakmayofileblad, SemdegSiac unda darCes Cems gankar-
gulebaSi da amis Taobaze vTxov sakaTalikozo sabWos moax-
dinos saTanado gankarguleba
Wyondideli mitropoliti ambrosi.~ (12, 463).
cxum-bedielma meufe ambrosim 1918 wlis 26 dekembers
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikoso sab-

55
Wosadmi gagzavnil werilSi daayena sakiTxi soxumis sakaT-
edro taZarSi RvTismsaxurebis qarTul enaze SemoRebis
aucileblobis Sesaxeb.
qalaq soxumSi qarTvel mcxovrebTa ricxvi aRwevs Tvramet
aTasamde da amdeni marTlmadidebeli xalxi darCenilia uek-
lesiod da uwirva-locvod mSobliur enaze. soxumis sakaT-
edro taZris krebulSi aris erTi qarTveli mRvdeli, ma-
gram mas ufleba ara aqvs am taZarSi Seasrulos wirva-
locva am enaze. samarTlianoba moiTxovs, rom saqarTvelos
fargalSi myof qalaqSi saqarTvelos respublikis qveSevr-
domebis sarwmunoebrivi moTxovnilebac iqmnes dakmayofile-
buli da soxumis qarTvelobac moiTxovs, rom misi uflebe-
bic aRdgenil iqmnes da im sakrebulo taZarSi, romelSic
masac udevs wili, sruldebodes morigeobiT qarTul-rusul
enebze wirva-locva.
amisTvis vTxov sakaTalikozo sabWos aRZras Suamdgom-
loba visTanac jer ars, mieweros soxumis episkopos ser-
gis, dakmayofilebul iqmnas soxumel qarTvelebis es kanon-
ieri survili da qarTvel mRvdels da wignis mkiTxvel-
mgaloblebs, romelnic soxumis taZarSi Seasruleben wir-
va-locvas qarTul enaze, jamagiri mieces im kreditidan,
romelic gaxsnilia Cems gankargulebaSi soxumel qarTvelTa-
Tvis.~ (12, 463).
bevr saintereso informacias Seicavs mitropolit am-
brosis moxseneba saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso sabWosadmi 1919
w. 21 maiss gagzavnili werilis gamo 30 aprilidan #2106-
Ta, pativi maqvs movaxseno zemoxsenebul sabWos Semdegi:
soxumis qarTveloba Suamdgomlobda, rom sakaTalikozo sa-
bWos gaegzavna soxumSi vinme wevrTagani iqauri saeklesio
saqmeebis mosawesrigeblad. am gadawyvetilebamdis mividnen
soxumelebi im mosazrebisa gamo, rom Cemi, rogorc mRvdel-
mTavris, gareva imnair saqmeSi, sadac saWiro iyo gadamwyve-
ti nabijebis gadadgma, ar miaCniaT sasurvelad. amave azris
iyo TviT sakaTalikozo sabWoc soxumelTa Suamdgomlobis

56
garCevis dros, ris gamo soxumSi wasvla da saqmis mogvare-
ba daekisra erT Tavis wevrTagans. axla ki zemoxsenebuli
weriliT mecnoba, rom daniSnul wevrs soxumSi gamgzavre-
baze uari ganucxadebia da am mizezisa gamo sabWo iZulebu-
li gamxdara Tavisi uwindeli dadgenileba da Sexeduleba
gamoecvala da daedgina, rom soxumis saeklesio saqmeebi
mowesrigdnen Cemi xelmZRvanelobiT da, rom Cemda dasax-
mareblad Tavis wevrs gagzavnis soxumSi mxolod maSin,
rodesac me iq gavemgzavrebi. amis gamo pativi maqvs movaxse-
no sakaTalikozo sabWos, rom Tu mas sasurvelad miaCnia
Cemi am saqmeSi gareva da Tu es ar gamoiwvevs raime uxerx-
ulobas, maSin me TviTon sxvis dauxmareblad vitvirTeb
saqmis mowesrigebas aqtiur nabijebis gadaudgmelad, radgan
es ar unda Seeferebodes mRvdel-mTavris xarisxs, da rad-
gan sxvisgan gadadgmuli mosalodneli aqtiuri nabijebSi
me Tanaziari da pasuxismgebeli ar SemiZlia viyo.
damoukideblad amisa, movaxseneb sakaTalikozo sabWos,
rom zemoxsenebuli werilis miRebis Semdeg am Tvis pirvel
naxevarSi gavemgzavre soxumSi da ukve gavmarTe molaparake-
ba soxumel qarTvelobasTan da afxazTa sabWos Tavmjdomare
da wevrebTan am sakiTxis gamo, agreTve movamzade niadagi
soxumis episkoposTan am saqmeze mSvidobian molaparakebi-
saTvis, romlis gamarTva gadaido sxva droisaTvis, radganac
episkoposi sergi am xanad soxumSi ar imyofeba . am dReebSi
mivemgzavrebi sareviziod samurzayano da afxazeTSi _ sox-
umSi CavaRwev, albaT, erTi Tvis Semdeg da maSin movaxseneb
sakaTalikoso sabWos, ra Sedegi eqneba Cems iq yofnas.~ (12,
463).
aseve mniSvnelovani iyo misi qadageba soxumis sakaTedro
taZarSi 1919 wlis 5 oqtombers.
Zmano, qristianeno! dRes wakiTxuli saxareba Rirsia gawafu-
li yuradRebisa; is gvaswavlis ramdenaT miizidavs is Cvenze
RvTis madls.
didia Zala sarwmunoebis. sarwmunoebam gankurna ganr-

57
Rveuli, didi iyo sarwmunoeba romaelis asisTavisa, romelze-
dac brZana qristem, mTel uriastanSi ar mixilavs amnairi
sarwmunoebavo. da ganikurna mona misi, romelzedac sTxovda
qriste-macxovars. sarwmunoebam gankurna is dedakaci, romelic
12 weli itanjeboda ukurnebelis sneulebiT da romelmac
farulad Seaxo xeli qristes kalTebs da ganikurna. sarw-
munoebam hqmna is, rom qristesTan jvarcmuli avazaki gaxda
samoTxis mkvidri. ra ar hqmna SesaZlebelad mociqulebis
sarwmunoebam? isini gaunaTlebelni, Raribni, fexSiSvelni
mimoivlian mTel maSin cnobil qveynierebas, sZleven mefe-
Ta, didebulTa, mecnierTa da swavlulTa, sZleven warmar-
Tobas, urwmunoebas da qristes saxarebas mohfenen dedami-
was, yvelas daumorCileben mas.
gana kerZo cxovrebaSi da kerZo saqmeebSiac ara aqvs
mniSvneloba sarwmunoebas? vin ar icis, rom rwmena aniWebs
kacs gamarjvebas? Tu kacs swams dawyebuli saqme, maSin is
dawyebisTanave is naxevrad gamarjvebulad unda CaiTvalos.
xolo Tu adamians dawyebuli saqmis SesaZlebloba TviTon
ara swams, ara aqvs rwmena, rom RmerTi miscems mas gamar-
jvebas, maSin Zalian, Zalian saeWvoa is sisruleSi moiyvano
masSi gaimarjvos. ra meomari iqneba is, romelsac omis dros
ara swams, rom gaimarjvebs, romelTac ara swamT, rom maT
RmerTi Seeweva? amnairive mxedroba gaWirvebis dros TviT
garbis brZolis velidan, ris magaliTebi mogvca warmarTu-
li wlebis umagaliTo omebma.
rodesac jarSi Seitanes urwmunoeba, mas waerTva simt-
kice, waerTva unari da survili samSoblos dacvisa.
morwmune ojaxis cxovreba tkbili da saTnoebiania, ojax-
is wevrTa Soris sufevs siyvaruli, Tanxmoba, Sromismoy-
vareoba, zomiereba, sma-Wama-simxiaruleSi, _ erTi sityviT,
is, rac aniWebs kacs bednierebas.
morwmune ded-mamani sasargebloni arian samSoblosaTvis,
radgan zneoba-sarwmunoebiT aRsavse Svilebs uzrdian mas;
imnair Svilebs, romelTac SeuZliaT Tavis moRvaweobiT

58
moutanon samSoblos sargebloba. xolo urwmunoeba ojax-
is damrRvevia, zneobrivi niadagis gamomcleli cxovrebaSi.
ra Svilebi unda aRuzardon eklesias da samSoblos im
ded-mamam, romelTac TviTon ara aqvT sarwmunoeba, ar
iziareben saxarebis idealebs, ar misdeven mis zneobriv swav-
las? amnairi ojaxi unda CaiTvalos avadmyof ojaxad da
ubeduria is xalxi, is saxelmwifo, is eri, romelic Sedge-
ba amnairis erTeulebisagan, maSin TviT eric daavadebuli
da susti iqneba da amnairi eri mieqaneba gadagvareba-ganad-
gurebisaken.
sarwmunoeba aniWebs kacs bednierebas, sulis simSvides
sikvdilis Jamsac ki, is nugeSismcemelia, radgan mas swams,
rom sikvdili mxolod micvalebaa, gardasvlaa momaval san-
etaro cxovrebaSi. urwmunoTa ukanaskneli Jami cxovrebisa
volteriseburad aRSfoTebuli da autanelia.
movixsenieb imasac, rom usafuZvloa is azri, romelic
gavrcelebulia Cvens axalgazrdobaSi. viTom sarwmunoeba
iyos mteri Tavisuflebisa. es azri aSenebulia gaugebroba-
ze. an Tu Segnebulad amboben da imeoreben amas, maSin, unda
vifiqroT, rom amnairi mqadagebelni arian mterni namdvilis
Tavisuflebisa. namdvili Tavisuflebis damyareba, misi gam-
agreba SeiZleba mxolod maSin, rodesac xalxSi ganvamtki-
cebT sarwmunoebas. Tavisufleba unda emyarebodes qristes
zneobriv idealebze, misi mcnebebis aRsrulebaze. uamisod
Tavisufleba gardaiqmneba TviTnebobad, rogorc amas hqonda
da jer kidev aqvs CvenSi adgili, da xalxs moutans sarge-
blobas wil mavneblobas.
amis dasabuTeba axla Sors wagviyvans da amisTvis, rom
metad ar davRalo Tqveni yuradReba, sxva droisTvis gada-
vdeb. aq vityvi mxolod, rom mociquli pavlec dRes wak-
iTxuli samociquloSi gveubneba am zneobrivi cxovrebis
saWiroebaze xalxis keTildReobisaTvis, xolo Tavisufle-
bac saWiroa mxolod xalxisaTvis, misi keTildReobisaTvis
da sulierad amaRlebisaTvis. maSasadame, sarwmunoeba saWiroa

59
Tavisuflebis gamagreba-gafarToebisaTvis.
maS, mivxedoT, morwmuneno, qananevelis Rrma sarwmunoe-
bas da maSin Cveni cxovreba iqneba mSvidi, myudro, zneobri-
vaT amaRlebuli, da maSin iqneba namdvili axlad mopovebu-
li Cveni Tavisufleba; mxolod maSin Cveni cxovreba ga-
diqneba im sasufevelad, romelzedac gviTxra qristem, rom
is Cven Sigan ariso~ (28, 38).
mitropolitma ambrosim 1919 wlis 12 dekembers ase gaamx-
neva saxalxo gvardiis jariskacebi...

`maxvilo, vidremdis ara dascxrebi,

kvlav ege qarqaSsa Sensa, ganisvene
da dascxer~ (ieremia, 47, 6).

ase kvnesoda gamudmebuli omebisagan guldaTuTquli

winaswarmetyveli ieremia, rodesac igi xedavda Tavisi sam-
Soblos ubedurebas. ar scxreba axlac maxvili, ar isvenebs
da Zalauneburad vurigdebiT imas, rom RmerTs SevsTxovoT
moaniWos Cvens mxedrobas mtrebze gamarjveba, vurigdebiT
aucileblobas, vidResaswauloT ara mSvidobiani muSaoba,
aramed mebrZolTa institutis daarsebis wlisTavi, _ im
mebrZolTa romelnic aucileblobas mouSorebia TavianT
ojaxebSi Sroma-muSaobisaTvis.
brZola da sisxlisRvra, saubedurod, jerkidev saWiroa
samSoblos keTildReobisaTvis da imisaTvis gulis siRrmi-
dan gilocavT, mamulisSvilno, am dResaswauls, ori wl-
isTavs saqarTvelos saxelovani saxalxo gvardiis arsebo-
bis da moRvaweobisas. didmniSvnelovania es dRe pirad Cvens
cxovrebaSi da sazogadoT Cveni samSoblos Tavisuflebis
istoriaSi. didia Rvawli saqarTvelos gvardiisa Cveni Tavisu-
flebis ganmtkicebis saqmeSi. bevri mteri aRmouCnda Cvens
Tavisuflebas, xolo am mterTa Soris gansakuTrebiT saSiS-
roebas warmoadgens Sav reaqciis motrfiale moxaliseni.
yvelani dascxen, xolo eseni ara scxrebian. miuxedavad im-

60
isa, rom maT ukanasknel dros wiTeli laSqari Zalze ereke-
ba, miuxedavad imisa, rom yvela frontebSi maTi mdgomareo-
ba kritikulia, Cvens winaaRmdeg agresiul politikas eweva.
yaCaRuraT waiyvana Cveni gemi Woroxi, maTi samxedro gemebi
firaloben Cvens sazRvrebSi, foTSi srolac autexiaT. Tavisu-
flebis mtrebi ar scxrebian.
bevri sisxli daRvara saxalxo gvardiam, kerZoT da sa-
zogadoT Cvenma jarma, samSoblos keTildReobisaTvis, mis
dasacavad garemomdgar mterTagan yvelgan saxelovnad Seas-
rules TavianTi movaleoba. maS, imedia, Savrazmel moxali-
seebsac Cveni mxedroba aCvenebs Tavis simamaces da daarwmu-
nebs, rom saqarTvelo abuCad asagdebi ar aris, rom saqarTvelo
istoriulad gamocdilia Tavis samSoblos dacvaSi da aravis
ar Sealaxvinebs sisxliT da tanjviT mopovebul Tavisu-
flebas.
Cveni mTavroba ar TanaugrZnobs sisxlisRvras, amaSi is
eTanxmeba qristianul moZRvrebis miswrafebas. saxareba winaaRm-
degia sisxlisRvrisa. omebis mospobas Sehxaridnen winaswarme-
tyvelni; isini mware sinamdviliT daRonebulni mwuxarebiT
mosTqvamdnen `maxvilo, vidremdis ara dascxrebi...~, isini
sixaruliT elodnen Soreul momavalSi mainc im dros, odes
SesaZlebeli iqneba Txa da mgelma erTad iZovon da saomari
iaraRebi gadakeTdes miwis samuSao iaraRebad. magram axlo
momavalSi amisi molodini Secdoma iqneba. istoriuli msv-
leloba iZulebuli hyofs Cvens ers Seurigdes mware si-
namdviles. istoria meordeba. mudam amnairi iyo Cveni xalx-
is cxovreba-mdgomareoba. vin ar mtrobda mas? sparselebi,
osmaleba, monRolebi, selCukebi, romaelebi, bizantielebi,
mTielebi, gadamTielebi da mravalni sxvani scdilobdnen
moespoT Cveni erisTvis Tavisufleba, dapatronebodnen Cvens
samoTxesebur qveyanas, magram patara saqarTvelo, rogorc
bibliuri patara daviTi, winaRudgeboda xolme goliaTebs
da xmliT icavda Tavis samSoblos.
ra aZlevda mas Zalas mraval saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi

61
warmoebul uTanasworo brZolaSi im auarebel da mZlavr
mtrebTan, romelnic rkinis rkaliviT garsSemortymodnen
Cvens samSoblos? amaSi didi mniSvneloba hqonda sarwmu-
noebas, romelic Tu xalxSi ganmtkicda, WeSmaritad saswaul-
moqmedia. amisTvis ar SemiZlia ar gamovsTqva Cemi sixaruli
imis Sesaxeb, rom Tqven, samSoblos Svilno da mamulis
imedno, es Tqveni da mTlad qarTvelobis dResaswauli daukav-
SireT eklesias, RvTis mogonebas, misdami vedrebas. amisTvis
darwmunebuli var, rom Tqveni mcveli, mfarveli da Semwe
mterTagan samSoblos dacvaSi iqneba TviT RmerTi.
Zvelad qarTveloba uZleveli iyo sarwmunoebiT da mamu-
lis siyvaruliT. es aZlevda mas simxnes. tkbili iyo mis-
Tvis sarwmunoebis da mamulisaTvis sikvdili, radgan ekle-
sia sarwmunoebasTan erTad unergavda mas mamulis siyvarulsac.
marabdis omSi sabrZolvelad gamovida mroveli mitropoli-
ti dimitri, aziara xalxi brZolis win da TviTon Tavis
magaliTiT amxnevebda mebrZolT da kidevac Seewira samSob-
los, mokluli iqmna brZolis velze. amnairi magaliTebi
Cvens istoriaSi bevria.
Zvelad morwmune qarTvels sabrZolvelad mimavals, Tan
mihqonda jibiT mSobliuri miwa da miT eziareboda brZolis
velze sikvdilis win da ityoda: `meqmnes mSobliuri miwa
ziarebado.~ amdenaT didi iyo masSi sarwmunoeba da samSob-
losadmi siyvaruli.
Tqvenc giRviviT gulSi is grZnoba mamulis siyvarulisa
da, rodesac mas gaaorkecebs sarwmunoeba da eklesiisadmi
siyvaruli, maSin uZleveli iqnebiT, maSin sircxvileul
iqnebian mterni Cvenis Tavisuflebis.
maS, ganixare tkbilo samSoblov, Seni saukeTeso Svilni
Semokrebilan dRes sadResaswaulod, rom amiT mtkiced Sekav-
Sirdnen Cvenis Tavisuflebis mtrebTan sabrZolvelad.
ganixare Senc, deda eklesiav, Senni Svilni Sen gigoneben,
Sens locva-kurTxevas warimZRvareben Tavis samSoblos
dasacvelad moRvaweobaSi.

62
 RmerTo, mieci amaT Zala saqarTvelos mterTagan xsnaSi,
rom samSoblom SeiZlos Tavisuflebis ganmtkiceba da kul-
turis gzaze Cveni eris Cqaris nabijiT siaruli.~ (10, 283-
286).
cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi ruseTis reaqciuli Zalebi saek-
lesio viTarebas xelovnurad arTulebdnen meufe ambrosi
1919 wlis 19 dekembers. amis Sesaxeb moaxsenebda mis uw-
midesobas sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq le-
onides,
Tqveno uwmidesobav,
mowyaleo mamamTavaro!
samxreT-aRmosavleT ruseTis droebiT saeklesio marTvelo-
bam, ukaziT 21 ama wlis ivnisidan # 31-i winadadeba misca
cxumis yofil episkopozs sergis, rom mas damokidebuleba
ar qonoda CemTan, radgan me var warmomadgeneli saqarTve-
los eklesiisa, romelic `CamoSorda ruseTis eklesias~. es
gankarguleba cxumis yofila saeparqio mTavrobis mier gae-
gzavna Sesasruleblad soxumis olqis rusT monastrebis da
eklesiebis winamZRvrebs.
Tumca axali aTonis monastris winamZRvari da Zmani sa-
Tanado pativiT daxvdnen Tqvens uwmidesobas, magram, rogorc
bolo dros aRniSnuli monastris warmomadgenlobam gan-
micxada, winamZRvari da Zmani monastrisa cnoben Tavis Tavs
uxerxul mdgomareobaSi, radgan maT ar SeuZlian angariSi
ar gauwion ruseTis eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis gan-
kargulebas; masTan ki maT ar surT saqarTvelos eklesia-
sTan Sewyviton kavSiri. sxva monastrebi ki CemTan uares
damokidebulebaSi arian, xolo soxumis sakaTedro taZris
yofilma rusTa krebulma pirdapir ganmicxada, rom mas ar
SeuZlia daemorCilos saqarTvelos eklesiis warmomadgenels,
radgan es mas, krebuls, akrZaluli aqvs ruseTis eklesiis
droebiTi mmarTvelobis mier. aseve moiqca gagris eklesiis
krebuli.
yovelive zemoxsenebuls bolo moeRos da amierkavkasiis

63
yvela nawilebSi aRdgenil iqnas saqarTvelos teritori-
aluri eklesia, rogorc amas moiTxovs saeklesio kanonebi,
amisaTvis saWiroa, raTa saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefali-
is aRdgena cnobili iqmnas aRmosavleTis patriarqiebs mier,
xolo es rom moxdes, aucilebeli saWiroa gaigzavnos aRmo-
savleTSi sagangebo delegacia, romelSiac, Cemis azriT, unda
Sevides erTi mRvdelmTavari, erTi mRvdeli da erTi eris
kaci. am saqmeSi usaTuod dagvexmareba saqarTvelos warmo-
madgeneli konstantinopolSi.
es unda moxdes, rac SeiZleba daCqarebiT, radgan, rogorc
saqarTvelos aRdgenili saxelmwifos cnobaa saWiro sxva
saxelmwifoTa mier, ise saWiroa saqarTvelos eklesiis av-
tokefaliis aRdgenis cnoba sxva avtokefalur eklesiaTa
mier, gansakuTrebiT konstantinopolis patriarqis mier.
Tu soxumis eparqiis rusebis monastrebi CamogvSorda, es
saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis aramc Tu sasurveli ar aris,
aramed sxvadasxva mxriT Zlieri sazianoc iqneba. amasTanave
vudgen Tqvens uwmindesobas samxreT-aRmosavleT ruseTis
eklesiis droebiTi marTvelobis 21 ivnisis ukazis piris
pirs.
Tqvenis uwmindesobis msasoebeli da morCili, ambrosi,
mitropoliti cxum-afxazeTisa.~ (10, 288-290).

1920 wlis 28 Tebervals damfuZnebeli krebis mowvevis

wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT mitropolitma ambrosim Semdegi
sityva warmoTqva: `Tqven aznaurebisa (Tavisuflebisa) Cveneb-
ul xarT, Zmano, gana xolo aznauroba nu mizezad xorcTa,
aramed siyvarulisa, misTvis hmonebdiT urTierTars~ (galat.
5, 13).
am sityvebiT mogvmarTavs mociquli pavle da amiT gvimt-
kicebs, rom Tavisufleba aris niWi RvTisa. es sityvebi
saukeTesod Seefereba dRevandel dResaswauls, wlisTavs
am Tavisuflebis dabrunebisa. vambobT `dabrunebisa~, vinaiT-
gan es niWi RvTisa wagverTva amqveyniuris usamarTlobiT da

64
ZalmomreobiT. 28 Tebervlis aqtma dagvibruna es Tavisu-
fleba da, rasakvirvelia, es dRe maTTvis, vinc motrfialea
Tavisuflebisa, vin mas moeloda da misTvis ibrZoda, aris
didi sixarulis dRe.
diax, axla damyarda imnairi weswyobileba, rodesac xalxis
sindisma Tval-yuri unda adevnos maT moqmedebas, visac
cxovreba ayenebs marTva-gamgeobis saTaveSi. axla pirovneba
Tavisufali unda iyos uflebamosilTa TviTnebobisagan, vi-
naiTgan daimsxvra borkilebi, romliTac mravali saukunoe-
bis ganmavlobaSi SeboWili viyaviT, TviTeuli Cvengani pa-
suxismgebelia mxolod RvTis da sindisis winaSe, winaSe
marTlmsajulebisa da kanonisa. saqarTvelos respubliki-
saTvis didmniSvnelovania es dRe, rogorc dRe damfuZnebe-
li krebis mowvevis da am gziT Tavisuflebis gamagrebisa da
kanonierebis gzaze dadgomisa. didi bednierebaa, udidesi
monapovaria xalxis keTildReobisaTvis.
amisTvis, mamuliSvilno, wrfelis guliT gilocavT yve-
la amas. eklesia da qristes swavla damcvelia Tavisufleb-
isa am sityvis WeSmariti mniSvnelobiT. erTi ruseTis mec-
nieri, romelmac Seswira Tavi TavisuflebisaTvis brZolas,
ambobs: `qristianobas swams SeerTeba ieso qristes pirovnebaSi
RvTisa da kacisa, SeerTeba miwieris da zecierisa, RvTae-
brivis da kacobriulisa da moiTxovs amnairsave SeerTebas,
amnairsave RmerTkacobas yvela morwmunisagan, yvela Cvenga-
nma unda Tavis arsebaSi ganasaxieros RmerTi sityviT da
saqmiT.~ Cven unda Cvens cxovrebaSi ganvaxorcieloT zneo-
brivi mxare, romelic aZlevs simagres da Zalas Cvens mo-
qmedebas. Tavisufleba unda gamoixatos moZmeTadmi siyvarul-
Si, pativiscemaSi moZmis pirovnebisa, misi rwmenisa da mis-
wrafebisa. Tu Cven sityviT vqadagebT Tavisuflebas da saqmiT
mas varRvevT da vscdilobT mxolod piradi Tavisuflebi-
saTvis, maSin es iqneba ara Tavisufleba, aramed TviTneboba.
ras vxedavT axla? aris ganxorcielebuli CvenSi pirovnebis
dafaseba? saubeduroT, ara. pirovnebis dafaseba gareSe par-

65
tiuli Tvalsazrisisa ar arsebobs.
CvenSi Zvel weswyobilebis dros zizRs iwvevda didebis
moyvareoba imaTi, vinc mTavrobis maRal safexurebze msax-
urobda, magram axlac ar vxedavT am didebismoyvareobas
demokratiul aristokratiis, axal modis Tavadobas?
meqrTameoba uwindelis moxeleebisa gansacvifreblad mig-
vaCnda, magram amaSi axla CamovrCebiT Zvel moxeleebs?
uwin gvejavreboda sisxlisRvra, axlac gana kaci kaci-
saTvis mgeli ar aris? gana erTmaneTis Seubralebloba ax-
lac imnairad ar mefobs, rogorc Zvelad?
ra aris amis mizezi? risTvis ar gangvkurna Cven Tavisu-
flebam? mizezi imaSia, rom Cven moRvaweobaSi da moqmedeba-
Si nametanaT SevamcireT zneobrivi elementi. ganvdevneT
Skolidan da cxovrebidan qristes sarwmunoebrivi da zneo-
brivi swavla, uromlisod Cveni moRvaweoba calmxrivia, mas
ar asulierebs RvTis sasoeba CvenSi, erTmaneTis siyvaruli,
uromlisod Tavisufleba iRebs arasasurvel mimarTulebas...
uamisod Tavisufleba orive gverdiT mWreli maxvilia, romel-
mac SeiZleba mogvitanos sargeblobis wil mavnebloba, gaame-
fos anarqia, amisTvis Tavisufleba, petre mociqulis TqmiT,
ara safarvelad ukeTurebisa unda gvqondes, aramed ZmaTa
siyvarulisaTvis (petre, I, 2, 1-7), xolo asvlebiT `ara
mizezad xorcTa,~ aramed siyvaruliT urTierTars morCileb-
isaTvis (galat. 5, 13), mSvidoba da Zmuris siyvarulis dab-
runebisaTvis amqveynad. `ukeTu urTierTars ikbinebodeT da
SeiWmebodeT ixileTnve ukve urTierTars ganilineT.~ vimeo-
reb, daudvaT Cvens Tavisuflebas safuZvlad qorstes zneo-
brivi swavla, misi idealebis cxovrebaSi ganxorcieleba da
maSin, mxolod maSin SegviZlia viyoT sasargeblo wevrni
saxelmwifosi. SevevedroT ufals mogvces man amnairi mima-
rTuleba da maSin gveqneba namdvili Tavisufleba, maSin
gaifurCqneba Cveni samSoblo mxare da viqnebiT bednierni~
(10, 297-300).
1920 wlis 26 maiss soxumSi cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitma

66
ambrosim warmosTqva sityva saqarTvelos damoukideblobis
dRis aRsaniSnavad:
mogilocavT am did da didmniSvnelovan dRes saqarTve-
los ganTavisufleba-gaTviTcnobierebisas, mis damoukidebel
saxelmwifod gamocxadebisas. es dRe sasixaruloa yvela
erTguli mamulisSvilisaTvis; maTTan erTad mSobliuri deda-
eklesiac xarobs, vinaiTgan is momxrea Tavisuflebisa, manac
brZoliT moipova es Tavisufleba eris Tavisuflebaze adre;
xarobs, rom eklesiuri Tavisufleba daedva safuZvlad sax-
elmwifoebrivi Tavisuflebas. es garemoeba gveubneba, rom
Cveni eklesia ar aris Rirsi devnisa, rom is ar aris
klerikalobis mimdevari da rom usamarTloba da mavnebelia
trafaretulad mivsdioT safrangeTis magaliTs eklesiasTan
urTierTobis damyarebis saqmeSi. CvenSi eklesiis Tavisu-
flebas moyva eris Tavisufleba da deda-eklesiac Tavis
SvilT ugzavnis locva-kurTxevas, ulocavs Tavisufal gan-
viTarebis gzas.
saqarTvelos istoria gvimtkicebs, rom eklesiam didi
amagi dasdo Cvens samSoblos, ixsna is gadagvareba-ganad-
gurebisagan; mravali saukunoebis ganmavlobaSi auarebel
mZlavr mtrebis winaaRmdeg brZolis dros sarwmunoeba
amagrebda da aZlevda simxnes qarTvel ers da es mraval-
mowame eri, es iobi xalxTa Soris, gamovida gamarjvebuli
da Seinaxa Tavisi ena, zne, Cveuleba da erovnuli elferi.
esec cotaa, ai, auarebeli simravle monumentalur naSTeb-
isa, romelTa garegnuli xuroTmoZRvruli moxazuloba, mec-
nierTa sityviT, misula umwvervales ganviTarebamdis. ai,
simravle xelTnawerebisa, gonebis nawarmoebebisa, romelTa
meoxebiT Cven gvicnoben sazRvargareT kulturul winapar-
Ta Svilebad. ai, dRes wm. eklesia ixseniebs eqvTime aTonels
_ mTargmnels da mwerals XI saukunisas, romlis nawar-
moebTa simravle gansacvifrebelia. yvela amas azis beWedi
sarwmunoebriv-eklesiuri.
es asec unda yofiliyo. Cveni qveyana RvTismSoblis wilx-

67
vdomilia da mudamJam ifaravda mas. magram Tqven ityviT,
risTvis axla ar gvexmareba deda RvTisa Zveleburado?
risTvis mogvaklda misi mfarvelobao?
ara, axlac ara varT moklebuli RvTismSoblis mfarvel-
obas da RvTis mowyalebas, magram Cven Cvenis mcire morwmu-
neobisa gamo ar vxedavT mas, ar gvinda davinaxoT. moigoneT
ukanaskneli sami weliwadi. ra saSiSroeba ar moeloda Cvens
samSoblos? frontidan dabrunebuli jari gvemuqreba walekiT,
magram agvcda, gadavrCiT uvneblad. anarqia da samoqalaqo
omma moicva mTeli ruseTi, CvenSi ki, Tumca iyo niadagi,
cdilobdnen Sinauri da gareuli mtrebi, man ver moikida
fexi; amxedrdnen Cvens winaaRmdeg mezoblebi: osmaleni,
somxebi da rusis moxaliseni, magram mogveca Zala; mogvadga
didi grigali bolSevizmisa, magram esec agvcda; bolos
axlac gveomeba sxvisgan zurgmomagrebuli yofili Cveni
mokavSire saxlemwifo (aderbaiJani), magram sircxvileul
iqmneba es moRalatec... visi xeli moqmedebs am SemTxvevaSi?
vin gvifaravs?
TviT saTaveSi myofni da pasuxismgebelni politikaSi
gveubnebian `garemoeba xels gviwyobso~, magram raa es gare-
moeba? gana es yvela brma SemTxvevaa? gana masSi ar aris
azri da wesrigs ar eqvemdebareba? vin aris am mizanSewoni-
lobis, kanonierebis mizezi? vin aZlevs am SemTxveva-gare-
moebebs azrs, Tu ara RmerTi. am daskvnamde midis morwmune
adamiani da marTalicaa is.
ieso qristes mowafeni erTxel genisareTis zRvaze naviT
midiodnen; iyo Sua Rames gadacilebuli. amovarda qari, dai-
wyo Relva, maT saSiSroeba moelisT, SeSinebulni arian. am
dros xedaven zRvis zedapirze modis qriste, maT miiRes
moCvenebaT da ufro SeSindnen. qriste macxovarma uTxra
maT: `nu geSinisT, me varo~ da damSvidda buneba. axlac
CvenTanaa qriste.
rodesac petre ixrCoboda, zRvaSi momaval qristes SesTx-
ova: `ufalo, mixsen meo~; man gauwoda xeli da uTxra: `nu

68
geSinis, me SenTana varo.~
maS, Tavisufalo samSoblov, nu SegeSindeba cxovrebis
talRebis. CvenTan ars RmerTi da rodesac petresaebr SevsTx-
ovT mas `ufalo, gvixsen Cveno,~ is gvetyvis: `gamxnevdiT,
nu geSinisT, me TqvenTana varo.~ maSin Cven martoni ar
viqnebiT: Cveni Semwe iqneba RvTismSobeli da qriste
macxovari.
maS, movikriboT, aRviWurneT sarwmunoebiT da RvTisadmi
sasoebiT da amas SeuerToT Tavganwiruli siyvaruli sam-
Soblosadmi. maSin mtrebi sircxvileul iqmnebian da Cveni
eris Tavisuflebac ganmtkicdeba. maSin Cveni sixarulic
iqneba sruli da samaradiso.
`ukeTu RmerTi Cveni kerZo ars, vina ars Zviris myofel
Cvenda~ (rom. 8, 31). (28, 46).
uWirda eparqias, uWirda eparqiis winamZRols amas adas-
turebda cxum-afxazeTis mitropolit ambrosis werili
sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTolikoso sabWos eparqiis gada-
rCenis mizniT dafinansebis saCqarod aRdgenis aucileblo-
bis Sesaxeb gagzavnili 1920 w. 26 oqtombers.
`ager meSvide Tvea Cveni krediti ar gaxsnila. usaxsro-
bis gamo iZulebuli Seviqeni kancelariis moxeleni dameTx-
ova. me gavxdi mdivani, registratori da gadamweric. amas
vundebi da eoarqiaSi siarulze laparakic metia, Tu sakaTa-
likoso sabWos nebavs iarsebos soxumis eparqiam da rame
keTdebodes afxazeTSi, saWiroa meti yuradReba da mzrun-
veloba am samisionero eparqiisaTvis.
amisTvis xelaxla da ukanasknelad vTxov sakaTalikozo
sabWos miiRos zomebi, aRgvidges yvela Tveebis kreditebi
da daCqarebiT.
mitropoliti ambrosi.~ (12, 463).

1921 wlis 14 ianvars cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti am-

brosi sityviT gamovida soxumis samxedro razmis mesame
wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT:

69
 1. mamulisSvilno! gilocavT sami wlis Tavs Tqvenis raz-
mis arsebobisas. am sami wlis win is iyo jer kidev susti,
rogorc axalSobili Cveni mxedroba iyo Cvili, gamoucde-
li, magram is moinaTla omebis qarcecxlSi, gaizarda, dava-
Jkacda, gaZlierda. is gaxda mamulis imedi, misi medgari
mcveli, mterTa mZle.
2. mis gaZlierebas, mis Zlevamosilebas xels uwyobda
sarwmunoeba. yovel saqmeSi didia mniSvneloba rwmenisa. is
saqme, romlis daZleva swams kacs, dawyebisTanave naxevrad
gaTavebulia gamarjvebiT. xolo rodesac Cven darwmuneb-
ulni varT, rom RmerTi Cven kerZo ars, Cveni damxmarea,
maSin mxedrobac uZlevelia. rodesac mamulis dacvas vukav-
SirebT sarwmunoebis dacvasac, maSin mxedroba galomebu-
lia. am sarwmunoebis da mamulis dacvis miswrafebiT Zlier
iyo Zvelad Cveni samSoblo, amiT lomgulobda qarTveli
mxedari. es iyo mizezi, rom is advilad igeriebda uTvalav
mtrebs, romelnic patara saqarTvelos rkinis rkaliviT
garsSemortymoda da iyo maTTvis saSiSi; amiT Seinaxa man
Tavisi vinaoba, Tavisi elferi, nacionaluri zne-Cveuleba.
3. didi Temuri, romelic ambobda, rom qveynebis dapyroba
CemTvis aris garToba ageTive, rogorc Wadrakis TamaSi,
Temuri, romlis omebs adarebdnen qariSxals yovlis gama-
nadgurebels, Caafiqra saqarTvelom. da aTqmevina, man miipy-
ro mTeli misi yuradReba.
meore araunaklulesi aRmosavleTis saSiSroeba _ Sahaba-
si _ martyofSi...
4. me didi madlobeli var, rom Tqveni razmis Tu aTaseu-
lis arsebobis sami wlisTavi daukavSireT sarwmunoebas,
rom gaixseneT RmerTi, mas swiravT madlobas. es Cveni mxedro-
bis zrdaSi didi sanugeSo movlenaa.
5. ram ixsna saqarTvelo im qariSxalebisagan, romlebmac
mas uvneblad Tavs gadauares an, ukeT vsTqvaT, moulod-
nelad ganze gauares. am sami wlis ganmavlobaSi, Tu ara
RvTis gangebulebam, romelic Cven gveweva. misi SemweobiT

70
Cven, viT patara daviTma, vsZlieT goliaTebi (fsalmunni,
151, 1-7 _ j. g.).
6. gisurvebT Tqven dRegrZelobas, RvTis mfarvelobas,
simxneves da mterTa zeda Zlevas.~ (28, 48).

1921 wlis 25 Tebervals TbilisSi bolSevikuri saokupa-

cio jarebi Semovidnen, saqarTvelos damoukidebeli demokra-
tiuli respublika fexqveS gaTeles, bolSevikebma Seqmnes
saokupacio mmarTveloba saqarTvelos revoluciuri komi-
tetis _ revkomis saxiT. maTTvis sruliad miuRebeli iyo
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia. revko-
mis 1921 wlis 15 aprilis #22 dekretis me-14, me-15 mux-
lebSi naTqvami iyo: `arcerT saeklesio da sarwmunoebriv
sazogadoebas ar aqvs ufleba, iqonios sakuTreba. maT ar
aqvT iuridiuli pirovnebis ufleba, saqarTvelos respub-
likaSi arsebuli saeklesio da sarwmunoebriv sazogadoeba-
Ta mTeli qoneba gamocxadebulia saxalxo kuTvnilebad.~ (13,
13). saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesias Camo-
arTves iuridiuli piris statusi. daiwyo saeklesio qoneb-
is mitaceba. kidev ufro gausaZlisi gaxda cxum-afxazeTis
eparqiaSi saeparqio cxovreba. adgilobrivi separatistuli
Zalebi axla ukve bolSevikuri ideologiiT Seferilni kidev
ufro gaafTrebiT utevdnen cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi qarTuli
orientaciis Zalebs. meufe ambrosi am rTul viTarebaSic
axerxebda saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis interesebis
Rirseul dacvas.
1921 wlis 11 ivliss TbilisSi gardaicvala sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi
leonide. patriarqi 17 ivliss dakrZales sionis sapatri-
arqo taZarSi. sagangebod Seikriba saqarTvelos marTlma-
didebeli samociqulo eklesiis sakaTalikoso sabWos sxdo-
ma, romelsac eswrebodnen episkoposebi: pirosi, daviTi, mit-
ropoliti nazari, dekanozebi: kalistrate, epifane, naumi.
sakaTalikozo sabWom miiRo gadawyvetileba saqarTvelos

71
marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis kaTolikos-patri-
arqis mosaydred aerCiaT cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti am-
brosi. 19 ivliss sagangebo depeSa gaigzavna soxumSi mit-
ropolit ambrosis saxelze, romelSic aRniSnuli iyo sakaTa-
likozo sabWos gadawyvetileba da mesame saeklesio krebis
Catarebis savaraudo TariRi. meufe ambrosim sapasuxo de-
peSiT madloba gadauxada sakaTalikozo sabWos ndobisaTvis
da dasZina, eparqiaSi Seqmnili urTulesi viTarebis gamo
imxanad ver axerxebda TbilisSi Camosvlas. `radganac, rogorc
mecnoba saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos kancelariisagan (19
ivlisi 1921 w. #1578) morigi kreba daniSnulia gelaTis
monasterSi 1 seqtembrisaTvis axali stiliT, me amJamad ar
mimaCnia mizanSewonilad axlave Camosvla TbilisSi, vinaidan
cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSic saqmeebi mosawesrigebelia. amis-
aTvis agvistos Tvis meore naxevarSi gavemgzavrebi qalaq
quTaisSi saeklesio krebaze dasaswrebad, rasac pativisce-
miT vacnobeb sakaTalikoso sabWos.~ (3,61).
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesiis me-
same saeklesio kreba Catarda 1921 wlis 1-5 seqtembers,
gelaTSi. krebas eswreboda 212 delegati. krebis prezid-
iumi ganisazRvra Semdegi SemadgenlobiT, Tavmjdomare sruli-
ad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydre mitropoliti
ambrosi, mitropoliti nazari, episkoposi daviTi, moqalaqe-
ni: daviT niJaraZe, rafiel ivanicki (ingilo).
samdivno: dekanozebi erasti TuTberiZe, giorgi inaSvili,
epifane jaoSvili, naum SavianiZe.
mesame saeklesio kreba gaimarTa qarTveli erisaTvis udide-
si gansacdelis Jams, Svidi Tve iyo gasuli bolSevikuri
ruseTis mier saqarTvelos okupaciidan. saqarTvelos mar-
Tlmadidebeli eklesiis krebas an dumiliT unda aevlo gverdi
im urTulesi politikuri da erovnuli problemebisaTvis,
romelic axali saokupacio xelisuflebis pirobebSi Seiqm-
na, an unda emxilebina misi antierovnuli da antixalxuri
xasiaTi. saeklesio krebaze gulistkiviliT aRiniSna, Tu

72
oficialuri xelisufleba ar gadaxedavda Tavissave dekrets,
romliTac saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia iuridiu-
li statusis armqone organizaciaa, maSin iZulebulni gaxde-
bian gamoacxadon marTlmadidebeli eklesia devnilad. saek-
lesio krebam mouwoda sasuliero pirebs win aRdgomodnen
saero xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebis im zraxvebs, romel-
ic miznad isaxavda saeklesio ganZis xelyofas. saeklesio
krebam aRniSna saqarTveloSi Seqmnili urTulesi viTarebis
Jams mxolod mkacri discipliniT, marTlmadideblobis dacviT
da erTianobiT SesaZlebeli iyo eklesiis da eris interese-
bis dacva.
krebam rekomendacia misca grigol feraZes, raTa igi
ucxoeTSi gamgzavrebuliyo swavlis gasagrZeleblad.
saeklesio krebam imsjela sruliad saqarTvelos kaTo-
likos-patriarqis Tanamdebobaze warmodgenili kandidateb-
is _ cxum-afxazeTis mitropolit ambrosisa da quTaTel-
gaenaTeli mitropolit nazaris Sesaxeb. faruli kenWisyriT
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad arCeul iqna
cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti ambrosi.

73
 3. `me avdivar golgoTaze~

1921 wlis 14 oqtombers sveticxovlobas mcxeTaSi Ses-

rulda sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis uw-
midesi da unetaresi ambrosis aRsaydreba. es sazeimo dRe ar
iyo maStaburi, xalxi ukve daTrgunuli iyo saokupacio
xelisuflebis mier, arc inteligenciis warmomadgenlebi
iyvnen mravlad, samagierod sveticxovlis ezoSi igrZnobo-
da bolSevikuri miliciis razmebis simravle, aRarc ucxo
saxelmwifoTa misiis warmomadgenlebi, arc sxva marTlma-
didebel eklesiaTa delegaciebi, erTaderTi yovelTa somex-
Ta patriarq-kaTolikosis gevorq V warmomadgeneli mRvde-
li xucievi mosuliyo. daiwyo sazeimo wirva. mwirvelni
iyvnen: mitropoliti nazari, episkoposebi: pirosi da davi-
Ti. Sesrulda patriarqis aRsaydreba, uwmides ambrosis si-
tyviT mimarTes: mitropolitma nazarma, episkoposma pirosma.
mrevls, sruliad saqarTvelos mimarTa uwmidesma da un-
etaresma ambrosim, romelmac aRniSna: `saqarTvelos eklesi-
is mwyemsmTavarno, qarTvel eris moZRvarno samRvdelo da
samonazno pirno da aq Sekrebilno morwmuneno!
uRrmesi gulwrfelobiT aRsavse madlobas gwiravT, rom
miiReT Sroma da am saRmrTo wirvaze aRavlineT mxurvale
vedreba yovlad mowyale RvTisadmi suli wmidis madlis
Semweobis gamosaTxovaT Cemi uRirsebisaTvis!
ra unda vsTqva am CemTvis didmniSvnelovan wamebSi dide-
buli sveticxovlis ambionidan, saidanac gaismoda mraval
mWevrmetyvel mamadmTavarTa mkveTri sityva. mekargeba ga-
beduloba, rodesac am istoriul ambionze vdgevar da rodesac
warmovidgen Cems uRirsebas. mexateba warsuli Cemi cxovre-
ba, romelSic me naTlad vxedav RvTis Cems uRirsebaze gange-
bulebas, mzrunvelobas, vxedavd, rom xeli uflisa iyo Cem
zeda maroninebda im gziT, romelic ara sTnda sulsa Cemsa
da romelic kacobriul warmodgeniT unda amecilebia Tavidan,
romelic ar mindoda sofliur midrekilebaTa da qefic xe-

74
lobisa gamo Cemisa. axlac mwams, momiwoda ufalma am didi
da mZime msaxurebisaTvis, magram ra meTqmis morCilebis
meti da am wamebSiac ra Semferis Tu ar dumili.
mociqulebs mouwoda ufalma da isini ara sityvebiT mi-
marTaven mas, ara imas scdiloben, rom Tavisi mWevrmetyvelo-
biT moawonon vismes Tavi, aramed morCileba-dumiliT stoveben
yvelafer da misdeven momwodebels. genisareTis tbaze me-
saTxevelni iTvaliswinebdnen ara awmyos, aramed imas, rom
gaxdebodnen `mesaTxevled kacTa~ (maTe, 4. 10), Semoivlid-
nen mTel qveynierebas, sZlevdnen mecnierTa, mefeTa da dide-
bulTa ama qveynisaTa, daamxobdnen warmarTobas da qristes
saxarebas mianiWebdnen gamarjvebas. miuxedavad amnairi didi
momavlis winagrZnobisa, maT irCies dumiliT da sityvis
miugeblad misdion qristes mowodebas. miT umetes me ara
meTqmis ra, rodesac momavalSic veras vxedav, ara vxedav,
rom SeviZlo risime sayuradRebos gakeTeba.
an marTlac ra unda vsTqva Cems uRirsebaze? magram amis
Sesaxeb ukve maqvs naTqvami sxva dros da sxva adgilas da ar
gavimeoreb. mxolod vityvi pavle mociqulTan erTad _ `me
uZlurebasa Sina da SiSsa da Zrwolasa~ gaviyofdi Tqvens
Soris (I korinT. 2,3).
mamaTmTavrobis tvirTis simZimeze? magram vin Cvenganma
ar unda icodes simZime da siZnele movaleobis asrulebisa,
metadre am autanel dros, rodesac saTaveSi meofni siZul-
viliT da mtrulad uyureben eklesias, rodesac urwmunoe-
ba garegnulad mainc gamefebula da sircxvilaT miaCniaT
Tavis sarwmunoebis gamoaSkaraveba. magram vici WeSmariteba
mociqulis sityvebisa, rom momwodebeli RmerTia, vinaiTgan
`aravin TaviT TvisiT miiRos pativi, aramed romelni wode-
bul arian RvTisa mier~ (ebr., 5,4) da rom `yoveli mRvdelmTa-
vari, kacTagan moyvanebuli, kacTaTvis dadges igi RvTisa
mier~ (ibid, 5.1). maSasadame, Cemi uRirsebac, vimeoreb, RvTi-
sagan mowodebulia am did Tanamdebobaze da is momcems
Zalas xalxisaTvis msaxurebas, vinaiTgan mociquli pavlesTan

75
erTad mec meubneba ufali `Zala Cemi uZlurebasa Sina srul
iqmnebiso~ (2 korinT. 12,6).
gamovTqva wuxili sarwmunoebis dacemis Sesaxeb CvenSi?
magram esec ar unda iyos saWiro. maxsovs, rom Cem winamo-
adgilem gansvenebulma leonidem am ambionidan kaTolikozo-
baze ayvanis dRes brZana, rom saqarTvelos eklesia oTxive
kuTxiv Savi RrubliT aris moculi da swuxda, vai Tu ver
gavfanto es sabediswero Rrublebio. mdgomareobis unuge-
Sobis dasamtkiceblad man msmenelebs miuTiTa am didebul
taZris awindel mdgomareobaze da brZanebda, rom sveticx-
ovlis taZari ar aris am SemTxvevaSi gamonaklisi. `RvTisa
saxli dRes TiTqmis yvelgan pativayrilia, darbeulia, dam-
cirebuli da yovelgvarad Seviwrovebulia. samRvdeloeba
da morwmuneni ganicdian devna-Seuracxebas, qristianoba
mravalT dausaxavT mospobaT, mokled, dRes TiTqmis yvelani
amxedrebulan Cveni eklesiis winaaRmdeg da misi mdgomareo-
ba mogvagonebs `kedelsa midrekilsa da Robesa daswunebul-
sao.~ amnairad axasiaTebda gansvenebuli mamaTmTavari Cveni
eklesiis mdgomareobas 1919 wels da dasZenda, rom vai Tu
ver gavakeTo rameo. gadavxedoT eklesiis dRevandel mdgo-
mareobas. ras vxedavT axla? vxedavT, rom eklesiis mdgo-
mareoba aramc Tu ar gamokeTebula, aramed bevrad ufro
gauaresebula, mis garSemo Savi Rrublebi ufro da ufro
sabedisweroT gamxdara. risTvis ver SesZlo eklesiur saq-
mis ganaxleba-gamokeTeba am didad niWierma da mWevrmetyvel
_ patriot mRvdelmTavarma? misTvis, rom mas garemoeba
xels ar uwyobda, mis garSemo mWidroT ver SekavSirdnen
eklesiis keTildReobisaTvis Tavdadebulni morwmuneni. es
naTlad amtkicebs Cemi sityvebis sinamdviles, im sityvebi-
sas, romelic warmovsTqvi sionis taZarSi pirvelad Sesv-
lis dros, rom Tundac geniosi gvyavdes eklesiur cxovre-
bis saTaveSi, veras gaarigebs Tu TviT Segnebul morwmuneTa
ar gauwies mas daxmareba.
magram Sors Cvengan uimedoba, vinaiTgan warsul ivnis-

76
ivlisis soflebis Semovlam cxum-afxazeTis eparqiaSi dam-
arwmuna, rom xalxma piri ibruna sarwmunoebisaken, rom mas
swyuria sarwmunoebrivi swavla-moZRvrebis mosmena, rom mas
es sadReiso aucilebel miswrafeba-moTxovnilebad gaxdo-
mia, rasac uwin adgili ar hqonda. xalxis am gardaqmnaSi,
sarwmunoebisaken piris dabrunebaSi didi Rvawli miuZRvis,
nu gagikvirdebaT socialist-propagandistebs, maTi sarwmu-
noebis sawinaaRmdego qadagebas, maTgan xalxis wmidaTa wmi-
dis Segineba-Selaxvas. diax xalxSi aris sarwmunoeba, is
aqamdis daferflili iyo, axla ki TandaTan Rvivdeba. gana
amasve ar gvimtkicebs dRevandeli dResaswauli, es svet-
icxovelis Tayvanissacemad mosul morwmuneTa simravle da
gana yvela es ar gvarwmunebs, rom Sors unda iyos Cvengan
uimedoba.
Cvens uimedobaze RmerTi mogvigebs imaze mets, gvanug-
eSebs ufro metad da sagrZnobelad, vinem anugeSa winaswarme-
tyveli ilia, rodesac is israelTa urwmunoebisa gamo aqabis
dros sasowarkveTilebaSi STavarda. `damitevebies israelisa
Svidi aTasi mamakaci, romelTa ara moudriknes muxlni maTni
baals~ (3 mefeTa, 19,18). Tu RmerTma maSin ilias uTxra es
sityvebi, rom arian kidev Svidi aTasi morwmunenio, axla is
migviTiTebs am sveticxovelis da sxva taZrebis dReobebis
dros zRva mlocvelebze, romelTac qedi ar mouxares ax-
landel urwmunoebas da uRmerTobis qadagebas.
maSasadame, nu SeZrwundebian gulni Cvenni, vesavTdeT
ufalsa. dadgeba da moaxloebulic unda iyos is dro, rodesac
am morwmune xalxidan gamovlen Cveni eklesiis ganaxleba-
aRorZinebis saqmeSi damxmareni da Cven eklesiur cxovrebis
saTaveSi myofni ar viqnebiT martoni. amis sabuTs gvaZlevs
ara amereTi marto, aramed imereTic, sadac xalxi sarwmu-
noebrivi saqmeSi kidev ufro gaTviTcnobierebulia. sarwmu-
noebriv saqmeSi amer-imerni erTmaneTSi SeTanxmebul-Sekav-
Sirebulni arian. am mxriv didebulia dRevandeli dResaswauli
sveticxovloba. es aris ara marto dResaswauli taZrisa,

77
aramed amer-imerTa gamoxmaureba, maTi mWidrod SekavSireba
erovnulad da eklesiurad, vinaiTgan Cemi uRirseba, arCeu-
li caTamobaZav gelaTis TaRebqveS, am xaxulis, awyuris,
gelaTis da biWvinTis RvTismSoblis saswaulmoqmedi xatebis
savaneSi, saqarTvelos embazma _ sveticxovelma, dRes loc-
va-kurTxeviT mimiRo. bednierad mimaCnia Cemi Tavi, rom imer-
ameris kavSiri simbolurad gamoixata Cems arCeva-kurTxevaSi.
dRevandeli Cveni eris mdgomareoba imas gvimtkicebs, rom
xalxis cxovrebaSi TiTqmis yvelaferi cvalebadia, ar icv-
leba mxolod misi sarwmunoebrivi gancda. amisTvis saukeTeso
matarebeli da damcveli erovnuli idealebisa aris erovnu-
li eklesia. eris politikuri cxovrebis Secvla ar moas-
wavebs erovnuli sarwmunoebis Secvlas. politikur rwmena-
Si da cxovrebis cvalebadobaSi, sadac xSiraT erovnuli
idealebic daviwyebas miecemian, ucvlelia mxolod sarwmu-
noebrivi cxovrebis normebi, ris gamoc eklesiaSi erovnu-
li ideac samaradiso da Seuryevelia.
xalxi mWidroT ukavSirebs erTmaneTs eklesias da sam-
Soblos, vinaiTgan es mTeli Tavisi istoriis ganmavlobaSi
icavda Tavis samSoblos, magram qristes jvarsac xelidan
ar uSvebda. is sisxls Rvrida sarwmunoebis, samSoblos
dacvisaTvis, magram sarwmunoebis dacvaSi xedavda usaTuod
mamulis dacvasac. es mas Sesisxlxorcebia, gaxdomia WeS-
maritebad da aucilebel moTxovnilebaT. axlac amnairia xalxis
fsiqologia da rogor gindaT amoglijoT es xalxis gul-
idan. mraval saukunoebis ganmavlobaSi am misi (cxovrebis)
Rrmad Cayril saZirkvelze mas auSenebia mkvidri Senoba
Tavisi erovnuli cxovrebisa da Semecnebisa da rogor gnebavT
axla is saZirkveli gamoucvaloT am diad Senobas da Cau-
yaroT axali amave siRrmeSi? mosaxerxebelia gana amnairi
cda, saZirkvelis gamocvla ar Searyevs TviT Senobas? Tu
es mosaxerxebelia da saSiSaric ar aris, maSin gkiTxavT, am
axal saZirkvelis gamagrebisaTvis ramdeni saukunis ganuw-
yveteli medgari Sromis ganmeorebaa saWiro xalxisaTvis?

78
visTvis an risTvis aris es saWiro, sasurveli? ase ityvian
isini, vinc xalxs arTmeven sarwmunoebas, erovnul Senobas
undaT gamoacalon burji, romelzedac is aSenebulia da
Cauyaron axali _ internacionalizmis da urwmunoebis
saZirkveli, magram fuWi usargeblo da unayofoa amnairi
cda. erTaderTi Sedegi amisa SesaZlebelia mxolod is iqmnes,
rom droebiT SeaCereben xalxis erovnul ganviTarebas.
ai, ras unda Caufiqrdes ara marto eklesiis morwmune
wevri, aramed yvela, visac Tavis moRvaweobis miznad dausaxavs
Cveni eris keTildReobisaTvis zrunva, misTvis samsaxuri.
maS, morwmuneno mamuliSvilno, orive _ eklesiac da
samSobloc, tkbilia, orive wmidaTa wmidaa. SevignoT isto-
riuli gakveTilebis Zala, SeviswavloT xalxis mravalsauku-
noebrivi cxovrebis nayofi, xalxis fsiqologia da is gvas-
wavlis da gvetyvis, rom saWiroa SemovkrbeT erovnuli
eklesiis garSemo. politikuri mdgomareobis cvalebadobasTan
nu iqneba cvalebadi Cveni Sexeduleba sarwmunoebaze. vem-
saxuroT Tavisufal erovnul eklesias da is mogvcems Zalas
SevanaxvioT Cvens xalxs erovnuli saxe da Tavisufleba.
erovnuli eklesiis Tavisufleba gulisxmobs erovnul Tavisu-
flebasac.
ai, amnairad ara xalxis sazogadod, romelsac instinktad
gaxdomia amis Segneba, aramed inteligenciis gadaqmnis molo-
dini momcems me Zalas Cemi cxovrebis miwuruli saRamo
Sevswiro Cveni eklesiis da eris keTildReobas, maT samsax-
urs. mxolod am imediT vitvirTe es didi jvari mamamTavro-
bisa da Cveni mravaltanjul eklesiis saWeTmpyrobelisa.~
(28, 53).

1921 wlis 14 oqtombers aseTi Sinaarsis sityviT mimarT-

va qarTveli xalxisadmi gmirobis tolfasi iyo. ra Seicva-
la bolo ori wlis ganmavlobaSi? 1921 wlis 24 marts
saqarTvelos saokupacio xelisuflebam, revkomma miiRo gada-
wyvetileba damfuZnebeli krebis daTxovnis Sesaxeb. saoku-

79
pacio xelisuflebam, Tavis Tavs mianiWa qveynis umaRlesi
sakanonmdeblo, aRmasrulebeli da makontrolebeli funq-
cia. 1922 wlis 2 marts miRebul iqna `saqarTvelos sabWo-
Ta socialisturi respublikis konstitucia~. 1921-1922
wlebSi `okupirebul saqarTveloSi ruseTis msgavsad Camoy-
alibda mmarTvelobis totalitaruli sistema. oficialu-
rad igi proletariatis diqtaturis saxelmwifo sistemad
iwodeboda. Tumca cxadi iyo, rom proletariatis diqtatu-
riT iniRbeboda bolSevikebis diqtatura.~ (112, 6). saokupa-
cio xelisuflebam saqarTvelo dahyo avtonomiebad, misi
istoriuli teritoriis didi nawili gaasxvises somxeTze,
azerbaijanze, ruseTze, TurqeTze. ruseTis saokupacio xe-
lisuflebis adgilobrivi marionetebi umtkicebdnen qarTv-
el xalxs, saqarTvelosTvis ukeTesi iqneboda jer amierkavkasi-
is federaciaSi gaerTianeba, xolo Semdeg axali modernize-
buli rusuli imperiis ssr kavSiris SemadgenlobaSi Sesv-
la. bolSevikurma saokupacio xelisuflebam gaafTrebiT Seu-
tia qarTul erovnul cnobierebas. daiwyo Tbilisis sax-
elmwifo universitetis rbeva. saqarTvelos istoria, qarTuli
literaturis istoria gamocxadda mavne sagnebad. axali
ideologiuri dogmebi fexs ver moikidebdnen Tu ar gaaZevebd-
nen universitetidan ivane javaxiSvils, dimitri uznaZes,
giorgi CubiniSvils, grigol wereTels. xelisuflebisaTvis
miuRebeli iyo akademiuri, klasikuri ganaTleba. mas `axali
ideebis~ matarebeli axalgazrdoba da wiTeli profesura
sWirdeboda. ivane javaxiSvili giorgi xaWapuriZis (peraSk-
ovis) SefasebiT _ qarTvel nacionalist istorikosTa xro-
vis xelmZRvaneli iyo. qarTuli literatura mravalsauku-
novani agiografia, saraindo literatura, didi guramiS-
vili, XIX saukunis qarTuli mwerloba bolSevikuri xe-
lisuflebis adgilobrivi lideris filipe maxaraZis Se-
fasebiT sruliad miuRebeli iyo. mravalmxriv sayuradReboa
misi werili `daniel WonqaZe da misi dro~, sadac avtori-
saTvis miuRebeli iyo, rogorc klasikuri qarTuli mwer-

80
loba, aseve XX saukunis is mwerlebi, romelnic `naciona-
listuri suliskveTebis~ iyvnen. mainc vin iyvnen isini?: k.
gamsaxurdia, p. ingoroyva, al. abaSeli, g. tabiZe, cisferyan-
welebi. samagierod vis endoboda axali xelisufleba? fri-
don narouSvils, valia baxtaZes, sandro euls, Saqro
navTluRels sevarti TalakvaZes. saqarTvelos istoriis nacv-
lad skolebSi SemoRebul iqna samaqalaqo ganaTleba, klas-
Ta brZolis istoriis swavleba. vaxtang gorgasalis, daviT
aRmaSeneblis, Tamaris nacvlad moswavleebs azepirebinebd-
nen klasTa brZolis istoriis faqtebs. xelisuflebisaTvis
miuRebeli iyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo
eklesia, sasuliero pirebi, saeklesio dawesebulebebi. sao-
cari sizustiT iyo aRwerili Seqmnili viTareba dekanoz
nikita TalakvaZis CanawerebSi: `RirsSesaniSnavi movlena iyo
1921 wlis 9 marts kojris gmirebi (qarTveli iunkrebis)
gvamTa gamosveneba mixeilis saavadmyofodan mTeli Tbili-
sis samRvdeloebis monawileobiT. gamovasveneT 33 kubo,
galobda sami gundi, win migviZRoda jvari Savi droSiT,
dagveswro mTeli Tbilisi ganurCevlad erovnebisa. gaimarTa
iseTi procesia, romlis msgavsi ar axsovs WaRara Tbiliss,
movdiodiT SesaniSnavi discipliniT samxedro taZarSi, (iq
sadac dRevandeli parlamentis Senobaa s.v.). sadac maTTvis
momzadebuli iyo saflavebi, iq jer kidev menSevikebis qala-
qidan gasvlamde davasaflaveT isev am brZolaSi daxocili
oficrebi, iunkrebi da jariskacebi _ 15 kubo. amaT maSin
wirva gadauxada kaTolikosma leonidma. iqve augeT wesi
kurTxevans me vkiTxulobdi. noe Jordaniac dagveswro maSin
Tavisi ministrebiT, axla ki anderZi avugeT ezoSi, saflav-
is pirze, zRva xalxiT garSemortymuli, grandiozuli su-
raTi iyo, anderZis kurTxevans isev me vkiTxulobdi, xmama-
Rla, mkafiod da mwuxarebiT. xalxs Jruanteli uvlida tan-
Si, sityvebi ar warmoTqmula gangeb `usityvod~ ufro bev-
ri iTqva. bolos saukunod xsenebaze daiCoqa samRvdeloebam,
mTelma xalxma, rogorc ezoSi mdgomma, ise galavnis na-

81
pirze. Tu saxlebis saxuravebze. gamovida didi demonstra-
cia Cveni dedaqalaqis ase veragulad da muxanaTurad rusi
armiis mier daWerisa gamo Cveni ubeduri-ugunuri qarTveli
bolSevikebis winamZRolobiT. es sacodavebi jerac vera
grZnoben Tu ra umagaliTo RalatSi miiRes monawileoba,
romlis msgavsi ar axsovs Cvens istorias, bolSevikebma
gayvlifes yvelaferi, saqarTvelos 50 miliardiani kontribu-
cia daades... didZali xalxi ixvriteba yovel Rame. bolSe-
vikebi kargad Cacmuli-daxurulni mSvenier sasaxleebSi gamoW-
imulni yovel dRe-Rame lxinSi atareben dros. Citis rZec
ki ar akliaT maT da maT ojaxebs... xalxs egona, vinaidan
rusis jari Semodis wina dros siiafe da wesrigi iqnebao,
magram rodesac rusebi Seesivnen maT sarCo-sabadebels, col-
Svils vandaluri simxeciT, axla TavSi xelebs icemen... dRes
Cvens winaaRmdeg SeerTdnen osebi, rusebi, somxebi. somx-
ebTan sazRvari lamis navTluRamde movides! alaverdis qarx-
nebi da TviT axtalis monasteri dRes somxeTis sazRvreb-
Sia, zaqaTala bolSevikebs azerbaijanisaTvis gadauciaT...
qalaqi aivso somxebiT, rusebiT... saqarTvelos iRupeba, saWiroa
saRi, gaerTianebuli social-politikuri moRvaweoba.~ (14,
025995).
am dros saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia angariS-
gasawev Zalad rCeboda. moqmedi iyo 1450 eklesia, 25 monas-
teri, sadac RvTismsaxurebas eweoda 1600-ze meti kaci.
rogor unda moqceuliyo Seqmnil viTarebaSi saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli eklesia, misi mmarTveli, uwmidesi da
unetaresi ambrosi? gulgrilad ecqiraT saqarTvelos ngre-
visaTvis Tu emxilebinaT bolSevikuri xelisuflebis anti-
xalxuri xasiaTi? am sakiTxze araerTxel Catarda saqarTve-
los marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikoso sabWos sx-
doma. uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi grZnobda, rom du-
mili, wayrueba bolSevikuri xelisuflebis moqmedebebze
danaSaulis tolfasi iyo. amitom man itvirTa ra eris winaSe
arsebuli problemebis Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis

82
yuradRebis mipyroba 1922 wlis 10 aprilidan 19 maisamde
italiis qalaq genuaSi mimdinare saerTaSoriso konferen-
cias mimarTa sagangebo memorandumiT. memorandumis teqsti
ase iwyeboda: `kulturul kacobriobas, genuis konferen-
ciaze warmodgenils mona RvTisa ambrosi, sulieri mwyemsi
da patriarqi sruliad saqarTveloisa, qristes mier siy-
varuliT moikiTxavs.~ Semdeg patriarqi konferenciis monaw-
ileebs mokled mouTxrobda saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, mis rolze
qristianul aRmosavleTSi, romelmac 1918 wels aRidgina
saxelmwifoebrivi damoukidebloba, magram mcire erTa
mCagvrelma ruseTma xelmeored daadga kiserze mZime da
samarcxvino monobis uReli. `okupantebi, marTalia lamoben
Sin da gareT yvelani daarwmunon, rom maT gaaTavisufles
da gaabednieres qarTvelebi, magram ramdenad bednierad Tavs
grZnobs qarTveli eri, es yvelaze ukeT vuwyi me, misma
sulierma mamam da dResdReobiT erTaderTma namdvilma moZR-
varma, romlis xelSia am eris gulidan gamomavali idumali
Zafebi da romelsac uSualod esmis misi kvnesa da vaeba.~
(16, 5167). patriarqi sinanuliT aRniSnavda, rom is Seufer-
ebeli eqsperimentebi, romelsac axla socializmis droSiT
naTlaven, qarTvel ers fizikur gadaSenebamde da gaxrwnam-
de miiyvanda, rom idevneboda Cveni didebuli warsuli, ek-
lesia, samRvdeloeba ukiduresad devnili da uflebaayrili
iyo. uwmidesi ambrosi saerTaSoriso sazogadoebisagan moiTx-
ovda daxmarebodnen saqarTvelos, raTa moexdinaT zegavlena
ruseTze, raTa mas dauyovnebliv gaeyvana saokupacio jarebi
saqarTvelos teritoriidan da dacul yofiliyo misi miwa-
wyali ucxoel moZaladeTa TareSisagan. `saSualeba mieces
qarTvel ers TviTon, sxvaTa Zaldautanebliv da ukarnaxoT
moawyos iseTi normebi social-politikuri cxovrebisa,
rogoric mis fsiqikas, suliskveTebas, zne-Cveulebasa da
erovnul kulturas Seesabameba.~ (16, 5167).
genuis konferenciaze sabWoTa ruseTis delegaciis xe-
lmZRvanels CiCerins surda saerTasoriso sazogadoeba daer-

83
wmunebina imaSi, rom TiTqos saqarTvelos mSromelebma sax-
alxo revoluciis gziT daamxes menSevikuri mTavroba, rom
saqarTvelo suverenuli sabWoTa respublika iyo da amis
dasturia Tundac is, rom misi `delegati~ budu mdivani aq
imyofeba da hkiTxeT sabWoTa saqarTvelos mSromelTa ganw-
yobis Sesaxebo, magram CiCerins aravin daujera. uwmidesi
ambrosis mamxilebelma sityvam didi STabeWdileba moaxdina
konferenciis monawileebze. saqarTvelos okupaciis Tema
gaagrZela devnili mTavrobis Tavmjdomarem noe Jordaniam,
romelmac ganacxada: `me miviRe depeSa, romelic macnobebs,
rom sabWoTa ruseTis saokupacio jarebi awarmoeben saomar
moqmedebebs saqarTvelos provinciebSi svaneTs, leCxumsa
da raWaSi. am dros me-9 armia igzavneba quTaisidan im mxare-
Si, romelmac 1921 wlis miwurulSi gareka bolSevikebi da
aRadgina demokratiuli wes-wyobileba. dasavleT saqarTve-
los did nawilSi sisxli iRvreba, qveynis sxva nawilebSi
mdgomareoba ufro da ufro mwvavdeba, mosalodnelia usaS-
inlesi katastrofa.~ (8, 71). evropis saxelmwifoTa warmo-
madgenlebma guldasmiT moismines saqarTvelos didi satki-
vari gacxadebuli misi sulieri winamZRolisa da emigracia-
Si gaZevebuli mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris mier, sityvieri pa-
suxi mosTxoves ruseTis sabWoTa respublikis delegacias,
magram praqtikulad araferi ar gaakeTes saqarTvelosaTvis
realuri daxmarebis aRmoCenis mizniT da pirispir martod-
marto datoves qarTveli xalxi bolSevikuri saokupacio
reJimis winaSe.
bolSevikurma saokupacio xelisuflebam daiwyo damoukide-
blobis ideis matarebeli adamianebis masobrivi dapatimre-
ba-daxvretebi. 1922 wels Tbilisis universitetis studen-
tebma zeimiT aRniSnes saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocx-
adebis wlisTavi, magram mozeime studentTa rigebSi rusi
jariskacebi SeiWrnen da daiwyo patrioti axalgazrdebis
dapatimreba. saokupacio xelisuflebam ieriSi miitana Tbili-
sis universitetis profesor-maswavleblebze, studentebze,

84
evropuli ganaTlebis adamianebze, saqarTvelos marTlma-
didebel samociqulo eklesiaze. patriotoba, samSoblos
siyvaruli provinciul CamorCenilobad moinaTla. axali
ideologia ver damkvidrdeboda, Tu Zvelis mimdevrebs fiz-
ikurad ar gaanadgurebdnen. qarTveli patriotebis benia
CxikviSvilis, valiko juRelis, qaquca ColoyaSvilis, kote
abxazis, giorgi ximSiaSvilis, gogita faRavas, konstantine
andronikaSvilis, nikoloz qarcivaZis, varden wulukiZis,
grigol lorTqifaniZis saxiT mtris xats qmnidnen, xolo
patriotebad, revoluciuri ideebisaTvis wamebul adamiane-
bad asaRebdnen i. stalins, f. maxaraZes, m. oraxelaSvils, b.
mdivans da sxvebs. saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi sisxlis gubeebi
daayenes, qveyanaSi SiSma daisadgura. uwmidesma ambrosim
jer kidev 1921 wlis 18 seqtembers gardacvlil qarTvel
patriotTa sulis mosaxseneblad panaSvidze aRniSna: `mar-
Tlmadidebelno Zmano da dano! pirveli mRvdelmsaxureba
Cems mier samwysoSi Semxvda am wm. taZarSi, Semxvda dRes,
rodesac sruldeba xseneba imaTi, romelnic Seiwirnen msx-
verplad CvenTa codvaTaTvis. es aris mizezi, rom Cems pirv-
el wirvas daeswro amdeni sazogadoeba. RmerTs eneba, rom
samsaxuri damewyo mowyvetil mamuliSvilTaTvis locva-ve-
drebis RvTisadmi aRvleniT.
diax, Cven vixsenebT dRes imaT, vinc brZolis velze
sisxli daRvares. es Cveni qristianuli movaleobaa, magram
vikiTxoT, risTvis daixocnen? ra iyo mizezi maTi udrood
am wuTisoflis gamosalmebisa? vityvi gabedulad, rom isi-
ni iyvnen msxverplni Cvenis usjuloebisa, Cvenis codvebisa
da Secdomebisa winaSe RvTisa da mamulisa. es sinamdvilea,
vinaiTgan awmyo aris Sedegi sulisa. Cven daviviwyeT Rmer-
Ti, sarwmunoeba, saxarebis ukvdavi idealebi, moZmeTa siy-
varuli, kaci kacisaTvis Seiqmna mgeli. viZaxiT erToba, siy-
varuli da Tanasworobaze da yvela es, Tuma mSvenieri, san-
atreli, magram, samwuxarod, Cvens cxovrebaSi jer-jerobiT
mxolod carieli sityvebia. ar arsebobs namdvili Zmoba da

85
Tanasworoba. amis magier gamefebulia CvenSi Suri, mtroba
da siZulvili. Tu gvinda, rom ar meordebodes amnairimov-
lenani, erTi romelTaganis mosagoneblad aq varT Sekre-
bilni, Cven unda davubrundeT sarwmunoebas, gavataroT,
ganvaxorcieloT Cvens cxovrebaSi qristes idealebi Tanas-
worobis, Zmobisa da siyvarulisa.
erTgulni mamuliSvilni icaven Tavis samSoblos da aravis
SeuZlia, aravis aqvs ufleba, sTqvas, rom isini, vis xsenebasac
dRes vasrulebT, ar yofiliyvnen gamsWvalulni mamulis
siyvaruliT, misTvis ar daeRvaraT sisxli, vinaiTgan, ueWve-
lia, maT amoZravebdaT mamulis dacvis survili. SeiZleba
bevrma es ar gaiziaros, magram maT angariSi unda gauwion
daxocilTa sulis vedrebas, maT fsiqologias, maTs rwmenas.
rogorc ginda ar vifiqroT, ra azrisani ar unda viyoT,
mainc unda viwamoT, rom maTi sisxli samSoblos miwaze
danTxeuli aris wmida, vinaiTgan mas amnairaT hqmnis ara
marto is, rasac Cven maTze vfiqrobT, aramed TviT maTi
suliskveTeba, romelmac maT misca Zala Tavi gaewiraT.
qarTvelTa eris istoria sisxliT aris dawerili. am is-
toriaSi bevri ram aris Camafiqrebeli, cremlebis momgvre-
li, magram masSi poeziac bevria. marTalia, samSoblos Tav-
gadasavals qarTveli Tvalcremliani igonebs, magram am crem-
lebSi ixareba momavlis imedic, poeturi aRmafrena. es aris
samwuxaro, magram sixarulis momgvreli cremlebi.
rodesac Cveni istoria gveubneba, rom warsulSi qarTve-
li eris cxovreba iyo savse tragizmiT, rom mas rkinis
rkaliviT garSemortymodnen auarebelni mterni, mas emuqre-
bodnen gadagvareba-CanTqmiT, rom amis saSualebad miaCndaT
qristianul sarwmunoebis mospoba, da mahmadis sjulis ZaliT
gavrceleba, rom scdilobdnen SeeginebiaT maTi wmidaTa wmida,
rasakvirvelia, guli gviwuxs. magram rodesac warmovidgenT
Cveni winaparTa simxne-simamaces, maTs eklesiis da samSob-
los siyvaruls, maTTvis Tavdadebas, rodesac istoria gveub-
neba, rom qarTveli midioda mtris mosagerieblad da jibiT

86
Tan mihqonda mSobliuri miwa, sikvdilis win miT eziarebo-
da da ityoda: `meqmnes me ziarebad samSoblos mtverio,~
rom misTvis tkbili iyo sarwmunoebisa da mamulisaTvis
sikvdili, rom qarTlis deda ara imaze swuxda, rom mamuls
da eklesias Svili Seswira, aramed imaze, rom metis Sewirva
ver SeiZlo, rodesac yvela amas warmovidgenT, guli six-
aruliT gvevseba, vamayobT, gvebadeba momavlis imedi, rom is
xalxi, romelsac ase uyvars samSoblo, ar mokvdeba, mas aqvs
momavali.
ai, is sisxlic, romelsac dRes Cven vigonebT, amnairs
mniSvnelobisaa; is aris Tavdebi momavali Taobis simxne-
mamacobisa, aris maCvenebeli imisa, rom winaparTa suli mam-
ulis siyvarulisa, misTvis Tavdadebisa, ar gamqrala Cvens
xalxSi da, maSasadame, SegviZlia imediT vuyuroT momavals.
dae, maTi xseneba iyos saukuno qarTveli mamulisSvileb-
is gulSi, rom amiT maTSi inergebodes is suliskveTeba,
romelmac momavalSiac araerTxel unda ixsnas Cveni samSob-
lo, Seanaxvinos mas Tavisufleba da sarwmunoeba.~ (28, 52).

bolSevikurma saokupacio xelisuflebam ar apatia sruliad

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs, uwmides ambrosis,
saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso sabWos qarTveli eris kanonieri
uflebebis dasacavad xmis amoReba da daiwyo Seteva mis
winaaRmdeg. jer sazogadoebis damuSaveba bolSevikurma presam
daiwyo, `bneleTis mociqulebi,~ `sabWoTa xelisuflebis
SeuniRbavi mtrebi,~ `burJuaziis laqiebi,~ aseTi saTaure-
biT gamoqveynebul werilebSi ras ar abralebdnen qarTvel
samRvdeloebas. genuis konferenciidan Camosulma budu mdi-
vanma mTavrobis erT-erT sxdomaze pirdapir ganacxada _
kaTolikosis sityvam didi ziani moutana sabWoTa xelisu-
flebas. Cveni `Ceka~ ratom ar apatimrebs mas?~ es iyo erT-
gvari direqtiva da `Cekac~ siamovnebiT Seudga masalebis
Segrovebas, farul TvalTvals. dekanozi nikita TalakvaZe
mogonebebSi saocari sizustiT aRwers 1922 wlis movle-

87
bolSevikuri saokupacio me-11 armiis nawilebi
Tbilisis quCebSi
1921 wlis 25 Tebervali

88
me-3 saeklesio krebis monawileni
1921 wlis 5 seqtemberi
gelaTi

89
 mitropoliti nazari (leJava),
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi
uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi,
episkoposi pirosi (oqropiriZe)
1921 wlis 14 oqtomberi
mcxeTa

90
I rigi: episkoposi pavle (jafariZe), episkoposi
ioane (marRiSvili), sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi, episkoposi daviTi
(kaWaxiZe), episkoposi qristefore (cicqiSvili).
II rigi: studenti gabriel CaCaniZe
(SemdgomSi mitropoliti), mTavardiakoni
siko monaseliZe, mRvdeli lazare naTaZe,
mRvdelmonazoni efrem sidamoniZe
1925 w.
sveticxoveli

91
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi
uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi
1925 w.

92
quTaisis wm. daviT aRmaSeneblis taZris gumbaTidan
jvris Camoxsna, bolSevikuri droSis aRmarTva
1922 w.

93
dekanozi nikita TalakvaZe

94
sionis sapatriarqo taZridan zaris Camoxsna

95
kote afxazi
1922 w.

96
Tbilisis samxedro taZari, romlis ezoSi
dakrZalul iyvnen kojris gmirebi.
(axlandeli parlamentis Senobis adgilze)
1924 w.

97
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos rezidencia

98
1924 wlis agvistoSi quTaisSi daxvretilni,
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mier
wmindanebad Seracxulni

99
quTaTeli mitropoliti nazari (leJava)
1924 w.

100
nebs: 13 ivniss `Cekas~ TanamSromlebi sapatriarqo reziden-
ciaSi gamocxaddnen da ikiTxes _ sad aris kaTolikosi?
kote cincaZe (`Cekas~ Tavmjdomare) ibarebso. uwmidesi am-
brosi gamovida Tavisi kabinetidan da waiyvanes, kaToliko-
sis `CekaSi~ wayvanis ambavi gaxmianda, saswrafod Seikriba
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikoso sab-
Wo, sadac msjelobdnen rogor moqceuliyvnen Seqmnil vi-
TarebaSi. dro gadioda da kaTolikosis Sesaxeb veraferi
gaiges. bolos miiRes gadawyvetileba sadilis gagzavnis
Sesaxeb, magram sadili ar miiRes da mimtans gamoucxades,
kaTolikosi mesame ganyofilebaSi imyofeboda dakiTxvaze,
romelic saRamos 20 saaTamde gagrZeldeboda. gvian saRamos
kaTolikos-patriarqi daabrunes.
14 ivniss kvlav Seikriba sakaTalikoso sabWos sxdoma,
romelic gaxsna uwmidesma da unetaresma, sruliad saqarTve-
los kaTolikos-patriarqma ambrosim _ saxeze TiTqos gan-
mkrTali iyo, etyoboda, rom erT dReSi didi sulieri tan-
jva gamoevlo. rogorc man sakaTolikoso sabWos wevrebs
uambo `CekaSi~ misi dakiTxva `Cekas~ Tavmjdomares kote
cincaZes uwarmoebia, dakiTxvas eswreboda mdivani qalbato-
ni, romelic iwerda kaTolikos-patriarqis pasuxebs. ecnobi
am amaRelvebel istorias da guli siamayiT gevseba, rogor
sulier da fizikur simtkices iCenda eris sulieri winamZRo-
li. Cekas ainteresebda patriarqis garda vin iRebda monaw-
ileobas genuis konferenciaze gagzavnili memorandumis
SedgenaSi, `vin amogirCiaT Tqven saqarTvelos opekunad?~
uwmidesi ambrosis pasuxi aseTi iyo: `amomirCia gelaTSi
mowveulma saeklesio krebam, morwmune qarTvelobisagan
Semokrebilma, me mosili var iuridiuli da zneobrivi ufle-
bebiT, rogorc mamamTavari aRvimaRlo xma, rodesac iseTi
viTareba iqmneba, romelSic SeuZlebeli xdeba eris religiur-
zneobrivi azris SenarCuneba, rodesac ers erTmeva saSu-
aleba Tavisufali moqalaqeobisa.~ kote cincaZem patriarqs
ganucxada, ratom menSevikebis dros ar imaRlebdiT xmas,

101
ratom maT ar ewinaaRmdegebodiTo. uwmidesma ambrosim upa-
suxa, miuxedavad imisa, rom isinic urwmunoni iyvnen, mainc
ufro erovnulad iqceodnen da icavdnen imas, razec axla
eklesias mouxda xmis amaRleba. uwmidesma ambrosim sabWoTa
xelisufleba daadanaSaula saqarTvelos xelaxal okupacia-
Si, rom Tqveni mcdelobis miuxedavad, TiTqos saqarTvelos
damoukidebelia, aSkaraa, mTeli Zalaufleba `osobaoa kavkaskaia
armiis~ xelSia. uwmidesi ambrosis am sityvebma `Cekas~ Tavmj-
domares kote cincaZes wonasworoba daakargvina, man aRelvebiT
daiwyo imis mtkiceba, rom bolSevikurma xelisuflebam
saqarTveloSi Caatara demokratiuli arCevnebi, rom Seqmna
amierkavkasiis damoukidebeli federaciuli respublika, rom
saqarTveloSi myofi rusi jari qarTvelebs arafers uSlis,
piriqiT icavso. uwmidesma ambrosim bolSevikur marionet-
ul qarTul xelisuflebas brali dasdo saqarTveloSi ucxo
elementebis momravlebaSi, elementaruli demokratiuli
principebis ugulebelyofaSi, roca qveyanaSi idevneba gan-
sxvavebuli azri, idevneba opoziciuri Jurnal-gazeTebi, rom
umZimesi viTareba iyo Seqmnili Tbilisis saxelmwifo uni-
versitetSi. `Cekas~ Tavmjdomarem gulaxdilad uTxra uw-
mides ambrosis `Cven revolucias vawarmoebT, proletaria-
tis diqtatura gamovacxadeT, warmoebs brZola mowinaaRm-
degeebisadmi, yvela Tavisuflebani, rac ki aris, es mxolod
CvenTvis gvinda, Tqven da Tqveni dromoWmuli mimdevrebi
cxovrebidan gariyuli xarT. Tqven vin mogcemT Tavisufle-
bas. kote cincaZem Seaxsena uwmides ambrosis Tqven mefis
xelisuflebis winaaRmdegobis gamoc yofilxarT gadasaxle-
buli, marTalia es minusad ar CageTvlebaT, umaRlesi ga-
naTlebac gqoniaT miRebuli, magram nuTu ver xvdebiT, rom
axla sxva droa? kote cincaZem uwmides ambrosis mosTxova
pasuxebi kiTxvebze: 1. rodis da ramdeni qoneba gazides
rusebma saqarTvelodan. 2. raSi gamoixateba bolSevikebis
mier saqarTveloSi sarwmunoebis devna? 3. ra vneba moaqvs
rusis jaris yofnas saqarTveloSi? dakiTxvis dros `Cekas~

102
Tavmjdomare koreqtulad iqceoda, roca dakiTxva daamTavra,
wamodga da meore oTaxSi gavida, mdivans gadaulaparaka _
manqaniT miacileT Sinamdeo.~ (14, 94-95).
uwmidesi ambrosi dabrunda ra sapatriarqo rezidencia-
Si, Seudga im masalebis moZiebas, romelSic aRnusxuli
iqneboda bolSevikuri xelisuflebis ukanono qmedebani.
xelisuflebas ainteresebda ra masalebs warudgenda saqarTve-
los marTlmadidebeli eklesia.
bolSevikur xelisuflebaSi azrTa sxvadasxvaoba warmoiSva
axal sakavSiro saxelmwifoSi saqarTvelos Sesvlis sak-
iTxze. i. stalinis, s. orjonikiZis jgufi miiCnevda, rom
saqarTvelo amierkavkasiis federaciis meSveobiT unda Se-
suliyo sabWoTa kavSiris SemadgenlobaSi, rac isedac
SezRuduli suverenitetis kidev ufro SezRudvas niSnav-
da, xolo meore jgufi: b. mdivani, k. cincaZe da sxvebi
Tvlidnen, rom saqarTvelos sabWoTa socialisturi res-
publika damoukideblad unda Sesuliyo sabWoTa kavSiris
SemdgenlobaSi. es jgufi `nacional-uklonistebad~ moinaT-
la da daiwyes maTi devna `Cekas~ Tavmjdomare kote cincaZe,
rogorc nacional-uklonisti gadayenebul iqna Tanamdebo-
bidan. axalma xelmZRvanelobam kidev ufro Seurigebeli
pozicia daikava sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq
ambrosis mimarT. 1922 wlis 2 ivniss sapatriarqo reziden-
ciaSi gamocxaddnen Cekistebi, romelTac piradad inaxules
kaTolikos-patriarqi da Caabares sabraldebo oqmi, romel-
Sic aRniSnuli iyo. xelisufleba kaTolikoss brals sdeb-
da sam danaSaulSi: `provokacia, kontrrevolucioneroba,
mTavrobis gabriabrueba. isini imdenad upativcemulod eq-
ceodnen patriarqs, rom uwmidesma ambrosim elementaruli
zrdilobisa da eTikis dacvisaken mouwoda maT.
bolSevikurma xelisuflebam kidev ufro gaaZliera ek-
lesiis didi devna. 1922 wlis 17 noembers mTavrobis dad-
genilebiT saqarTvelos sapatriarqos CamoarTves reziden-
cia. uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaToli-

103
kos-patriarqi ambrosi saqarTvelos ssr mTavrobis Tavmj-
domarisadmi gagzavnil saprotesto werilSi aRniSnavda, rom
sapatriarqo sasaxle iyo saqarTvelos eklesiis sakuTreba.
amave dros moagonebda mTavrobas, rom 1922 wlis #3137
dadgenilebiT, centralurma aRmasrulebelma komitetma ar-
sebuli Senobebi eklesiis gankargulebaSi gadasca, amis miuxe-
davad, `amisTvis 17 noembers, Cems binaSi movidnen Tbilisis
sabinao ganyofilebis warmomadgenlebi, gazomes igi, Sevid-
nen eklesiaSi da TviT sakurTxevelSic qudebiT, miuxedavad
Cemi warmomadgenlis protestisa, daiwyes Tavis marTleba
imiT, rom sindisis Tavisuflebaao, yovelive gaugebrobis
Tavidan asacileblad noembris 18, Tqven gaaxeliT delega-
cia, sami sapatio pirisagan Semdgari da gTxoveT dagecaviT
mosalodneli Seuracxyofisa da usamarTlobisagan.~ (12, 539).
xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebma arc ki mousmines sakaTa-
likoso sabWos delegacias, kaTolikosis sasaxlis dasakave-
blad gagzavnil iqna 15 SeiaraRebuli axalgazrda, maT davale-
buli hqondaT uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosis rezidenci-
idan gaZeveba. erT-erTi ucxo tomis axalgazrda kadnierad
miiWra kaTolikosTan da mimarTa, Tqven xarT uflebaayrili
pirovneba, Tqven ar gaqvT neba geWiroT es bina, igi Cven
gvWirdeba komkavSirlebisaTvis, romelTa xuTi wlisTavi aq
unda gadavixadoT.~ (12, 539). komkavSireli axalgazrdebi
Tavxedurad acxadebdnen, rom sasaxlis aveji, qoneba re-
kviziciis ZaliT unda waeRoT, xolo kaTolikos-patriarqs
dautovebdnen imas, rasac saWirod miiCnevdnen. uwmidesma
ambrosim mtkiced ganacxada, rom igi Tavisi nebiT ar da-
tovebda Senobas. amasve acnobebda mTavrobis Tavmjdomares:
`gTxovT mxedvelobaSi miiRoT, rom bina, romelic me mi-
Wiravs aris saqarTvelos morwmune erisgan saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqisaTvis miCenili bina, romlidanac gas-
vla Cemis nebiT mekrZaleba, rom es bina dakavSirebulia
eklesiasTan, aq moTavsebulia Tbilisis saeparqio kancelar-
ia, rom am binidan kaTolikos-patriarqis gaZeveba, eklesiis

104
moSla da kancelariis gatana gamoiwvevs qarTvel erSi uk-
mayofilebas, rasac unda veridoT mec, rogorc qarTveli
eris mamamTavari da umaRlesi moZRvari da Tqvenc, rogorc
saqarTvelos respublikis mTavrobis Tavmjdomare. eri did-
ia Cemzec da Tqvenzec da amis gamo Tqvenc da mec unda xels
vuwyobdeT mis bednierebas, keTildReobas da myudroebas.~
(12, 539). bolSevikur xelisuflebas patriarqis Segoneba
arafrad uRirda. piriqiT, kidev ufro gaaZliera antire-
ligiuri propaganda. presaSi qveyndeboda `muSaTa mowode-
bani~ gaesamarTlebinaT `anaforiani intrigebi~, `bneleTis
mociqulebi,~ `menSevikuri saqarTvelos idealistebi.~ mar-
Talia xelisufleba sajarod aRiarebda sindisis Tavisu-
flebas, magram provinciebSi, did qalaqebSi adgilobrivi
bolSevikuri mmarTvelobis dekretebiT auqmebdnen moqmed
eklesiebs, aRwerdnen saeklesio qonebas da axdendnen mis
konfiskacias. imdenad gausaZlisi viTareba Seiqmna quTaisSi,
rom mitropoliti nazari erTxans iZulebuli gaxda eparqia
daetovebina. sasuliero pirebze nadiroba gamocxadda. rogorc
uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi acxadebda: `me ar vewinaaRm-
degebi aramorwmuneTa mier morwmuneebTan ideur brZolas,
magram Cemi arseba ver Seurigdeba imas, rom religiis winaaRm-
degi arasrulwlovanma axalgazrdobam Selaxos moqalaqeTa
cxra meaTedis rwmna da sindisi, ZaliT daiWiros samlocve-
lo saxlebi.~ (12, 539). 1923 wels saqarTveloSi daixura
600-ze meti eklesia-monasteri. 1923 wlis 23 noembers
saqarTvelos sabWoTa socialisturi respublikis saxalxo
komisariatis mier miRebuli dadgenilebiT. 1. daxuruli
eklesiebis mTeli saeklesio qoneba gadadioda adgilobrivi
aRmasrulebeli komitetebis gankargulebaSi. 2. am qonebidan
is saeklesio ganZeuloba, romelsac istoriuli mniSvnelo-
ba aqvT, dacul iqnas saxalxo ganaTlebis samuzeumo dawese-
bulebaSi. 3. danarCeni saeklesio ganZeuloba SeiZleba gamoy-
enebul iqnas adgilobrivi aRmasrulebeli komitetebis mier
glexebis saWiroebisaTvis.~ (7, 41).

105
 am dadgenilebam provinciel uvic bolSevik aqtivistebs
xelfexi gauxsna saeklesio siwmindeTa datacebisa da ganad-
gurebisaken. isini oqro-vercxliT moWedil xatebs, barZim-
feSxumebs `eklesiebSi tyuil-ubralod dayril oqro-ver-
cxls~ uwodebdnen. anadgurebdnen eklesia-monastrebSi dacul
unikalur xelnawerebs, wignebs. saeklesio metrikul Canaw-
erebs. imisaTvis, rom mZime ekonomikuri mdgomareobidan xalxis
yuradReba gadaetanaT yvela ubedurebis mizezad eklesia-
monastrebi, sasuliero pirebi gamohyavdaT.
xelisuflebis adgilobrivi organoebis aqtivistebi awy-
obdnen antireligiur RonisZiebebs. magaliTad, quTaisSi
sajaro sasamarTlo gaumarTes 735-738 wlebSi murvan yrus
winaaRmdeg brZolaSi gmirulad daRupul wm. daviT da wm.
konstantines neStebs. ori kviris manZilze maT lanZRavd-
nen, rom isini araviTari wmindanebi ar iyvnen da xalxs
atyuebdnen. sasamarTlom gamoitana ganaCeni wmida daviT da
konstantines neStebi rionSi unda gadaeyaraT, magram cno-
bilma mxareTmcodnem petre Wabukianma moaxerxa maTi muzeumSi
gadabrZaneba.
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi da sakaTa-
likoso sabWos wevrebi grZnobdnen, rom axlovdeboda maTi
dapatimrebis dro. 1923 wlis 11 ianvars uwmidesi da une-
taresi ambrosi kvlav waiyvanes `CekaSi~ dakiTxvaze. wasv-
lis win uwmidesma da unetaresma ambrosim xeli moawera
gankargulebas misi dapatimrebis SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis Seqmnis
Sesaxeb, romlis Tavmjdomared dainiSna urbneli episkopo-
si qristefore (cicqiSvili). represiebis, SiSis miuxeda-
vad aTasobiT morwmune Seikriba sionis sapatriarqo taZ-
arTan, raTa gaemxnevebinaT misi uwmidesoba. morwmune xalxs
Sexvda episkoposi qristefore. uwmidesi ambrosi Sinapatim-
robaSi Sexvda wmida ninos dResaswauls. qristianobis udide-
si dResaswauli aRdgomac SinapatimrobaSi gaatara. 1922
wlis 2 ivliss uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi iZulebis

106
wesiT gamoasaxles sapatriarqo rezidenciidan. Sinagan saqmeTa
saxalxo komisris saxelze gagzavnil werilSi igi werda:
`me axla ganvicdi patimrobas da rogorc patimari, Seu-
ZliaT wamiyvanon iq, sadac saWiroT dainaxaven, magram, roca
erTmeva bina sakaTalikosos, es eklesiis centralur dawese-
bulebaTa gauqmebas udris, amiT periferiebidan dawyebuli,
saqarTvelos eklesiis ngreva damTavrdeba eklesiis cen-
traluri mTavari sasicocxlo nervis gadaWriT, rac Tumca
rasakvirvelia, eklesias da sarwmunoebas ar mospobs, ramde-
nadme mainc Seaferxebs misi cxovrebis normalur mimdinar-
eobas. es ki vfiqrob, mTavrobis winaganzraxulebaSi ar unda
Sediodes, radgan, Cemi azriT, es iqneboda mizanSewonili da
sargeblobas moklebuli radganac jerjerobiT me aravisa-
gan ar var Tanamdebobidan gadayenebuli da mxolod droe-
biT, Cemi tyveobis ase Tu ise dasrulebamde Cemi movaleo-
bis aRsruleba gadacemuli maqvs sxva mRvdelmTavrisaTvis
valdebulad mimaCnia Cemi Tavi mogmarToT TxovniT, saxli,
romlidanac gamomasaxles, darCes saqarTvelos eklesiis gan-
kargulebaSi kaTolikosis da sakaTalikoso dawesebulebaTa
mosaTavseblad, xolo is eklesia, romelic am SenobaSia
(igulisxmeboda RvTismSoblis eklesia s.v.). moTavsebuli
da romelic mSvenivrad aris mowyobili morwmuneTa sulieri
moTxovnilebaTa dasakmayofileblad ar iqnes dangreuli anu
sxva raime sarwmunoebrivi TvalsazrisiT Seuferebeli daniS-
nulebisaTvis moxmarebuli.~ Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komis-
arma werili gadagzavna saqarTvelos komunisturi partiis
centralur komitetSi, sadac centraluri komitetis mdi-
vanma mixeil kaxianma aseTi rezolucia daado `uari eTqvas,
saerTod ki vfiqrob, rom Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisar-
iatma srulebiT arc unda miiRos gancxadebani iseT pirTa-
gan, rogorc aris kaTalikosi ambrosi.~ (12, 166)
xelisuflebas arafris gagoneba ar surda. jer kidev
1922 wlis 23 ivliss daluqes sapatriarqo rezidencia,
kaTolikosis samuSao oTaxebi. 6 ivliss Sedgenili aqti

107
ityobineboda: `me qvemore xelis momwerma n. gogiSvilma, q
Tbilisis aRmaskomis muSaTa da glexTa inspeqciis revizor-
ma sabinao ganyofilebis gamge d. doliZisa da saxlebis
sammarTvelos TanamSromlis a. galamianis TandaswrebiT gavx-
seniT kaTolikos ambrosis kuTvnili salaro, sadac aRmoCn-
da Semdegi nivTebi: vercxli, jvrebi, yelsakidi, panaRiebi,
rac woniT 1 girvanqa da 83 misxalia.~ (12, 1519). sapatri-
arqodan waiRes rogorc saeklesio, aseve saero daniSnulebis
nivTebi. gadaarCies isini, zogi daitaces, zogic gayides. xma
gaavrceles TiTqos patriarqma ambrosim gadamala nivTebio.
saqarTvelos sapatriarqo rezidencia aRar hqonda patri-
arqs, mas yoveldRe `CekaSi~ dakiTxvebze ibarebdnen da brals
sdebdnen qarTveli eris interesebis RalatSi.
1923 wlis 12 ianvars saqarTvelos ssr sagangebo komi-
siam `Cekam~ miiRo gadawyvetileba saqarTvelos marTlma-
didebeli eklesiis sakaTalikoso sabWos wevrebis dapatim-
rebis Sesaxeb. imave dRes dapatimrebul iqnen: sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi
ambrosi, quTaTeli mitropoliti nazari (leJava), qaSueTis
eklesiis winamZRvari dekanozi kalistrate (cincaZe), didubis
eklesiis dekanozi iosebi (mirianaSvili), qaSueTis eklesi-
is diakoni dimitri (lazariSvili), mcxeTis sveticxovlis
winamZRvari arqimandriti pavle (jafariZe), veris eklesiis
winamZRvari antoni (ToTibaZe), sionis eklesiis winamZRvari
markozi (tyemalaZe), nikoloz arjevaniZe, nikoloz Tavdgi-
riZe. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia umZimes mdgo-
mareobaSi aRmoCnda. bolSevikurma xelisuflebam Tavisi
mzakvruli gegmis ganxorcieleba daiwyo. mas surda saqarTve-
los marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sruli mospoba. TbilisSi
metexis cixeSi umZimes pirobebSi, viTarca avazakni ise Se-
hyares eris sulieri winamZRolebi, is adamianebi, romelTac
xma aRimaRles bolSevikuri saokupacio xelisuflebis mier
Cadenil ukanonobaTa winaaRmdeg. rogori mZime wlebi ar
gadautania qarTvelobas saukuneTa manZilze, magram is rac

108
1921-1924 wlebSi Cvens qveyanaSi datrialda, amis msgavsi
ar axsovda istorias. qarTvel patriotebs daundoblad anad-
gurebdnen, angrevdnen eklesia-monastrebs da internaciona-
lizmis droSiT amcrobdnen da aqucmacebdnen saqarTvelos.
saqarTveloSi qarTvelis garda yvela kargad grZnobda Tavs.
qarTvel bolSevikebs moskoveli batonebis winaSe rom Tavi
moewonebinaT TavianT moqmedebebSi Seubralebloba, sisas-
tike da araerovnulobis demonstrireba unda moexdinaT da
asec iqceodnen.

109
 4. `me Sevasrule Cemi movaleoba~

bolSevikurma saokupacio xelisuflebam sakaTalikozo

sabWos wevrebis, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-
arqis dapatimrebiT niSani misca saqarTvelos sxvadasxva
provinciebis partiul aqtivistebs gaeZlierebinaT antire-
ligiuri brZola. 1924 wels Tbilisis mazraSi daiketa 48,
quTaisis mazraSi 160, Sorapnis mazraSi, 148, ozurgeTis
mazraSi 130, raWa-leCxumSi 255, goris mazraSi 78, zugdi-
dis mazraSi 75, siRnaRis mazraSi 65, cxinvalis zonaSi 60
eklesia-monasteri. mazrebSi didi zar-zeimiT tardeboda
antireligiuri konferenciebi, sadac sasuliero pirebs ai-
Zulebdnen daegmoT qristianuli sarwmunoeba, sajarod moe-
naniebinaT TavianTi `Secdomebi~. moZRvris gareSe darCenil
eklesiebSi daculi xelnawerebi, xatebi, saeklesio siw-
mindeebi iZarcveboda. saarqivo masalebidan irkveva ra bar-
barosuli meTodebiT tardeboda antireligiuri RonisZie-
bani. 1923 wels xonis wmida giorgis xati daamtvries aR-
maskomis Tavmjdomarem nadareiSvilma, partkomis instruq-
torma xubuam. senakis raion sof. salxinoSi tradiciuli
qristianuli wesiT dakrZaluli micvalebulebi amoasvenes
da wiTeli droSebisa da revoluciuri simRerebis sasule
orkestris TanxlebiT gadaasvenes komunistur sasaflaoze.
eklesiebidan gamohqondaT wminda nawilebi da agizgizebul
koconze wvavdnen.
aseTi gaugonari mkrexelobani mosaxleobis didi nawilis
aRSfoTebas iwvevda. am viTarebaSi bolSevikurma xelisu-
flebam taqtikuri mosazrebiT ukan daixia, miiRo sagangebo
dadgenileba `religiur sazogadoebaTa registraciis Sesax-
eb,~ romlis Tanaxmadac, Tu 300-mde xelmowera Segrovde-
boda administraciuli wesiT daxuruli eklesia kvlav gaix-
sneboda. 1924 wlisaTvis 1000-mde eklesia iyo daxuruli.
erTi ori daxuruli eklesiis kvlav gaReba saerTo umZimes
suraTs ver cvlida.

110
 1924 wlis 10 martidan 19 martis CaTvliT naZaladevis muSa-
Ta TeatrSi (amJamad im adgilze kinoTeatri `saqarTveloa s.v.)
mimdinareobda sasamarTlo procesi. ukiduresi cinizmi Sei-
Zleba uwodo imas, rom bolSevikuri xelisufleba saqarTve-
los saxelmwifoebrivi, erovnuli da sarwmunoebrivi Tavisu-
flebisaTvis mebrZol sasuliero pirebs, rogorc `samSob-
los moRalateebs~ ase asamarTlebda. darbazSi mobilize-
bul iqna egzaltirebuli muSebi, proletkultelebi
romelnic skandirebdnen `Zirs kontrrevolucia,~ `samSob-
los moRalateebi,~ anaforiani agentebi.~
bolSevikur gazeTebSi: `muSaSi~, `komunistSi~, pirvel
gverdebze iyo sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriar-
qis uwmidesi ambrosis, dapatimrebuli sakaTalikoso sabWos
wevrebis karikaturebi. samSoblosa da saqarTvelos marTl-
madidebeli eklesiis patriotebs sasamarTlos darbazSi ar
uSvebdnen. istoriam Semogvinaxa am samarcxvino sasamarTlo
procesis monawileTa vinaoba. sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare g.
CxeiZe, wevrebi: g. rTveliZe, v. wivwivaZe, sazogadoebrivi
bralmdeblebi: orzumeliani, gumbrievi, oqoiani, varlamiani.
saxelmwifo bralmdebeli: al. erqomaiSvili, mdivani, abake-
lia, winaswar gadawyvetili ganaCenis miuxedavad uwmidesi
da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq
ambrosisa da sakaTolikoso sabWos wevrebis dacva mainc
ikisres advokatebma k. niniZem, a. guncaZem, d. dadianma, v.
yanCelma, q. qavTaraZem. bolSevikur presaSi, SromiTi koleq-
tivebis saerTo krebaze miRebuli aseTi Sinaarsis rezolu-
ciebi ibeWdeboda. `Cven mTavari saxelosnos muSebi moviTx-
ovT, raTa Savi yornebi konrrevoluciisa dasjili iqnan
umaRlesi sasjeliT da is menSevik-socialistebi, romlebic
maT icaven, moTavsebul iqnan sabralmdeblo skamze.~ (17).
sasamarTlos sxdomis yoveli dRe iwyeboda `gansasjelTa~
advokatebis SantaJiTa da lanZRviT, rogor bedavT am avaza-
ki, moRalate mRvdlebis dacvas? sabWoTa wyobilebas arc
Tqven sWirdebiT da arc Tqveni moRalate mRvdelni. qarTve-

111
li xalxis saxeliT uwmides kaTolikoss brals sdebdnen
oqoiani, orzumiani, varlamiani. amaze meti ubedureba ra
SeiZleba momxdariyo?mainc ras amtkicebdnen isini? `maSin,
roca sabWoTa kavSiri SimSilis brWyalebSi gamomwyvdeuli
suls Rafavda. samRvdeloeba qvebiTa da ketebiT uZaliande-
boda sabWoTa xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs, romlebsac
davalebuli hqondaT eklesiebSi Tavmoyrili saganZuris gamo-
tana. samRvdeloebas ar surda, rom tyuilubralod eklesiebSi
dayrili oqro-vercxlis magivrad mSieri xalxisaTvis puri
eyidaT.~ (17). saeklesio siwmindeni, wmida xatebi am uti-
fari, umecari gadamTielebisaTvis `ubralo oqro-vercxli
iyo.~ sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs ar hqon-
da Turme imis ufleba, rom qarTveli xalxis saxeliT ela-
paraka, da es SeeZloT maT, patriarqis da sakaTalikoso
sabWos wevrebis dasjas moiTxovdnen: sapon-zeTis, safeiqro,
xe-tyis, rkinigzis me-6 salandago depos muSebi. miuxedavad
yovelive amisa xelisuflebam sulierad ver gatexa qarTu-
li eklesiis mesaWe da sakaTalikoso sabWos wevrebi. sasa-
marTlos sxdomebis paralelurad bolSevikur presaSi Saqro
navTluReli, gigo xeCuaSvili dascinodnen uwmidessa da
unetares ambrosis, sakaTalikozo sabWos dapatimrebul
wevrebs.
`aq zis avtori memorandumis,
genuis krebis Semvedrebeli,
rom `kreba~ erTxmad daxmareboda
da `wamebisagan~ daexsna eri~...
gigo xeCuaSvili ki dacinviT ambobda.
`ese arian `sulis mamani~
braldebulebis skamze msxdomelni,
moRalateTagan pasuxs moiTxovs
dRes bralmdebeli xalxi mSobeli.~
momavali TaobebisaTvis sulieri simtkicisa da Tavdade-
bis saukeTeso magaliTia sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-
patriarqis uwmidesi da unetaresis ambrosi xelaias sab-

112
oloo sityva, romelic man warmoTqva sasamarTlo procesze.
misi azriT, braldeba, romelic xelisuflebis warmomadgen-
lebma wauyenes araswori iyo. xelisufleba sakaTalikoso
sabWos edaveba saeklesio qonebis damalvis, genuis konfer-
enciaze kaTolikos-patriarqis saxeliT gagzavnil memoran-
dumze `kontrrevolucionerobaze,~ uwmidesi ambrosis azriT,
xelisuflebis romeli forma iqneba saqarTveloSi amis ganx-
ilva eklesiis saqme r aris, magram mas sasurvelad miaCnia
marTva-gamgeoba qveynisa damyarebul iyos xalxis nebisyo-
faze da TviTgamorkvevaze.~ (19, 1988). misi azriT, qarTvel
komunistebs `revoluciuri interesebidan~ gamomdinare,
saqarTvelos Tavisufleba ar miaCndaT saWirod. mis uw-
midesobas mohyavda. gaz. `muSaSi~ gamoqveynebuli bolSe-
vikebis dacinva saqarTvelos damoukideblobisadmi. `Tavis-
ufali damoukidebeli, neitraluri zurna.~ misi uwmideso-
bis azriT, Tu qarTveli komunistebi saqarTvelos damoukide-
blobis momxreni arian, maSin mas asamarTlebs ruseTis xe-
lisufleba, radgan memorandumis Tanaxmad igi icavda saqarTve-
los saxelmwifoebriv da religiur Tavisuflebas, Tumca
romel Tavisuflebaze SeiZleba saubari, roca idevneba qarTu-
li ena, roca saqarTvelo daaqucmaces avtonomiebad, roca
devna-Seviwroebas ganicdian qarTveli patriotebi, devnil-
ia saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia, sasuliero pire-
bi. `istoria gvimtkicebs _ aRniSnavda misi uwmidesoba _
rom devniloba uZluria mospos sarwmunoeba... igi aris xalxis
sulieri moTxovnileba. devniloba am moTxovnilebebs kidev
ufro aZlierebs, is Rrmavdeba, ikumSeba da gubdeba da amox-
eTqavs gaZlierebulis ZaliT.~ (19, 1988). uwmidesma ambro-
sim upasuxa orzumelianebis, oqoevebisa da varlamianebis
`braldebas.~ TiTqos genuis konferenciaze memorandumis
gagzavniT, sakaTalikoso sabWom, uwmidesma kaTolikosma ga-
daimteres qarTveli eri. misi azriT, qarTveli xalxisaTvis,
visTvisac Zvirfasia samSoblo, ar SeiZleba sulerTi iyo
misi momavali. `Tu me vicavdi Cveni eris Tavisuflebas, amis

113
uflebas maZlevda Cveni sarwmunoebrivi moZRvreba _ acxa-
debda uwmidesi ambrosi _ Tu me xma amoviRe ruseTis
didmpyrobelobis sawinaaRmdegod, didmpyrobelobis, anoma-
liis winaaRmdeg brZolas gvirCevs erTi Cveni umaRlesi
xelisufalTagani. (igulisxmeba v. lenini). Tu xelisufleba
aRiarebs erTa TviTgamorkvevas, gafarToebuls politikurad
gamoyofamdis, maSin ver gamigia, risTvis unda CamomerTvas
danaSaulad eklesiis da eris Tavisuflebis dacva, didmpy-
robelobis dasagmobad xmis amoReba... me Sevasrule Cemi
movaleoba da rogoris TvaliT Sexedavs uzenaesi sasamarT-
lo Cemgan erovnuli interesebis dacvis saqmes, amas dag-
vanaxebs is ganaCeni, romelic gamotanil iqneba... yovel SemTx-
vevaSi, rogorc Cvens winaprebs tkbilad miaCndaT samSob-
losa da sarwmunoebisaTvis tanjvis miReba, agreTve CemTvis
tkbili iqneba is sasjeli, romelsac momisjis uzenaesi
sasamarTlo mSobliuri eklesiisa da eris Tavisuflebis
dacvis mizniT xmis amoRebisaTvis. es iqneba dagvirgvineba im
jvrisa, romelic Cemgan natvirTia da vatareb Cemi cxovre-
bis TiTqmis 37 wlis ganmavlobaSi Cemgan erovnuli inter-
esebis dasacavad amaRlebuli xma da msjavri, romelsac
momisjis uzenaesi samsjavro, monaxaven Tavis adgils yove-
lis qarTvelis gulSi, im qarTvelisa, romelsac jer kidev
ar daukargavs sarwmunoeba da samSoblos siyvaruli. amiTac
bednierad CavTvli Cem Tavs, rogorc morwmune vityvi, iyos
neba RvTisa da mogmarTavT qristes sityvebiT: `asulno ieru-
salimisano, nu stiriT Cem zeda, aramed TavTa TqvenTa stiro-
deT da SvilTa TquenTa.~ (19, 162). uwmidesi ambrosi grZnobda,
rom misi es sityvebi urwmuno sasamarTlos wevrebisaTvis
arafers ar niSnavda, magram igi iyo gamxneveba aTasobiT
patrioti qarTvelisa, romelTa erovnuli sulis Cakvlas
cdilobdnen bolSevikebi.
1924 wlis 19 marts saRamos 8 saaTze bolSevikurma
sasamarTlom gamoitana samarcxvino ganaCeni: `kaTolikos
ambrosis _ igive besarion xelaias _ dapatimreba 7 wliT da

114
9 TviT, 23 dRiT sastiki izolaciiT da mTeli qonebis
CamorTmeviT, iason kapanaZes dauswreblad (radgan gaqceuli
iyo sazRvargareT s. v.) 9 wliT sastiki izolaciiT da
mTeli qonebis CamorTmeviT. kalistrate cincaZes _ 3 wliT
da 9 TviT, 23 dRiT sastiki izolaciiT da mTeli qonebis
konfiskaciiT, markoz tyemalaZes 9 TviT, 23 dRiT sastiki
izolaciiT da mTeli qonebis CamorTmeviT, ioseb mirianaSvi-
lis 9 TviT da 23 dRiT sastiki izolaciiT.
samSoblosa da sarwmunoebis TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZolni
metexis cixeSi gagzavnes. bolSevikuri xelisuflebis mcde-
lobis miuxedavad warmoeCinaT rogorc moRalateni, qarTve-
li sasuliero pirebi samSoblosaTvis wamebul gmirebad
Seracxes. 1924 wlis erovnuli ajanyebis monawile elizbar
mayaSvili werda: `oh, metexo, rogor damaviwydebi! es mZime,
moRuSuli da dardiani cixe dRes saqarTvelos dedaqalaqad
gadaqceula, qarTvel mamuliSvilT aq mouyriaT Tavi. pro-
fesorebi da eqimebi, mkvlevarni da veqilni, qarTveli stu-
dentoba, samRvdeloeba _ Cveni spetaki da wamebuli moxuci
kaTalikosis, ambrosis meTaurobiT.~ Saqro navTluRelisa
da misi msgavsi aramzadebisagan gansxvavebiT daviT kopal-
eiSvils aseTi striqonebi miuZRvnia tanjuli qveynis tan-
juli patriarqisaTvis:
`mZimed gaiRo cixis karebi,
viT qandakeba marmarilosi
SemoabrZanes cixe metexSi
tanjul qarTlosis kaTalikosi.
ver Seegebnen Caketil iyvnen:
poeti, muSa, eqimi, dendi,
verca moxuci, TeTri nazari,
verc paritetis tyve prezidenti.
Cekas daxuTul bnel-civ sardafSi,
sadac budea gvel-bayay-xvlikis,
itanjeboda mtarvalTa xelSi.
eris ministri, iq, xomeriki,

115
 kacsa guladsa, kacsa foladsa,
tanjva enaxa noes, mravali,
ucdida Tvis beds Seudrekeli,
orTqmavalisa qveSe mavali.
tanjvisa gvirgvins Tavze atarebs
Cveni mcxovani mama ambrosi
metexis karebs erTad gagviRebs
xomeriki da kaTalikosi.~
emigrantma qarTvelma poetma giorgi yifianma `levilis
mzes~ samSoblos, saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq ambro-
sis ase mimarTa:
`vficav lodze nagrex suros,
levilis mzes Tvalcremlians,
sadac jvrebi gardasulTa,
cocxlebiviT gvicqerian...
vficav droSas samjer kocniT,
saqarTvelos didebis dRes,
samTaferis caSi frials,
ocdaeqvsi maisis mzes.
prezidentis moxuc saxes,
damarcxebul qarTlosis jars,
yelgamoWril patriarqebs,
kaTalikos ambrosis jvars.
vficav-vficav aqac-iqac.
guls SigniT da sulis Ziras,
saflavSiac rom davicav
xalxis sisxliT nakurTx miwas! (2, 60-41).
bolSevikurma xelisuflebam kidev ufro gaaZliera
represiebi. 1924 wlis agvistoSi qarTveli xalxis saukeTe-
so Svilebis mier mowyobil erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebel
brZolas daundobeli xocva-JletiT upasuxa. saqarTvelos
yvela kuTxeSi sisxlis wvimebi daayena. gausamarTleblad
xocavdnen yvela eWvmitanils. kote afxazis ukanaskneli
sityvebi iyo jalaTebisadmi mimarTuli: `getyobaT, rom

116
gakvirvebT Cveni sulis simtkice, me vkvdebi sixaruliT,
radgan Rirsi gavxdi samSoblos samsxverploze zvarakad
sicoclis mitanisa.~ (babo dadiani).
gaanadgures qarTuli inteligencia, sazogadoebis aris-
tokratiuli nawili, 1924 wlis agvistoSi e.w. `sameulis~
gadawyvetilebiT quTaisSi daxvrites: mitropoliti nazari
(leJava), mRvdeli germane jajaniZe, mRvdeli ioreTeoz ni-
kolaZe, mRvdeli simon mWedliZe, diakoni besarion kuxian-
iZe. bolSevikuri xelisuflebis es sisastike axsnil iqna
imiT, rom TiTqos xsenebuli sasuliero pirni eweodnen
antisabWoTa propagandas. sinamdvileSi quTaTeli mitro-
politi nazari sasuliero pirebTan erTad Cavida quTaisis
mazris sof. rodinoulSi eklesiis kurTxevaze, magram isini
dapatimrebul iqnen adgilobrivi TemsabWos Tavmjdomaris
mier.
`1924 wels, agvistos 3 dResa, me, sviris raionuli aR-
masrulebeli komitetis prezidiumis wevrma amberki ju-
Relma, Sevadgine oqmi ese Semdegzed:
2 ama agvistos RamiT viRac ucnobi piris mier gadmomeca
`baraTi~, sadac igulisxmeboda, rom amave raionis sofel
rodinaulSid kerZo ojaxSi moeyaraT Tavi mRvdlebs da
raRac SemCneviTi moqmedebas eweodnen farTo agitaciuri
saxiT, risTvisac saWiroT vscani, gamegzavna milicia da
momeyvana aRniSnuli pirebi maTi movaleobisa da vinaobis
gamosarkvevaT, rac im wamsve iqna Sesrulebuli da aRniSnu-
li mRvdlebi iqna Cems winaSe warmodgenili krebis Sinaar-
sis da mRvdlebis moqmedebis mcodne pirebTan erTad 3
agvistos, razedac saWiroT mimaCnia iqnas dakiTxuli Si-
naarsis mcodne pirebi da Sedges oqmi ese zemoT naCveneb
mRvdlebzed.
amave ricxvs saqmis daskvnamdi misaRwevad dakiTxul iqna
Cems mier davalebiT gagzavnili raimiliciis umfrosi Tan-
amSromeli amx. barnaba gedevanis Ze maRlakeliZe, mcxovrebi
sofel rodinoulSi, romelmac aCvena Semdegi:

117
 pirvel yovlisad, rom me gamego, Tu sad iyo aseTi da
rom gzas ar avcdomodi, mivmarTe adgilobriv sabWos Tavmj-
domares, romelic vnaxe Tavis samarTveloSi, romelsac es
garemoeba ukve gaego da alagic miCvena, Tu sad iyvnen mRvdlebi
Tav Seyrili, romelic im wamsve CemTan erTad wamovida da
mRvdlebi aRmoCndnen rodinaulis Temis mcxovrebis maTe
CubiniZisas. Cven rom erTad davrwmunebuliyaviT maT saerTo
sjabaasSid da gagvego, Tu vin an da ra pirebi iyvnen Tav
moyrilni, amisaTvis winaswar ganvizraxeT CumaT misvla, rac
marTlac SevsZeliT da daugdeT yuri maT msjelobas. srulebi-
Tac gamourkveveli iyo CvenTvis, Tu vin iyvnen es uka-
nasknelebi da roca mivayureT, gavigoneT Semdegi: komunis-
turi partia aris masis damRupveli, romelic ukargavs mTel
kacobriobas sarwmunoebas da abrmavebs maTo. umetes nawi-
laT moixseniebdnen partiis liderebs zizRiT. am saerTo
kamaTTan iyo irgvliv Semortymuli Temis momwifebuli masa.
bevri raime sawinaaRmdegos qonda alagi maTi laparakiT da
bevric SeiZlebiyo iqve aewera kacs, magram Cvenc veRar
viqonieT moTmineba, risTvisac movsTxoveT ojaxis ufros
karebis gaReba, rac iqna Sesrulebuli. Cveni Sesvlis dros
nawili xalxisa da erTic, sviris Temis mcxovrebi mRvdeli
kirile boWoriSvili gaipara da nawili ki darCa. yvelani
isxdnen magidis irgvliv. Cven misvlas darCenil pirebzed
araviTari zegavlena ar mouxTenia, piriqiT, dagviwyes Se-
kiTxva, Tu razed mosulxarTo, risTvisac me maT ganumcx-
ade Cemi Tana msaxureba da amave dros movsTxove maT davalebis
da piradobis mandatebi, romlebmac es ironiiT miiRes da
momTxoves me, piriqiT, mandati. me am dros maT wavakiTxe,
Tu visi davalebiT da an ra saqmisTvis viyavi wasuli. pirv-
el rigSid gamomicxades kategoriuli uari da roca me maT
kvlav mivmarTe, dammorCileboden, am dros nawili mRvdleb-
isa gaxTa Tanaxma, nawilma ki uari sTqves, magram aseTi maT
erTmaneTSid TviTonve gamoaswores. roca me gareT gamove-
di, iqve vnaxe ojaxis mandilosani, romelmac Cemi SekiTxis

118
Semdeg, Tu raT an da ra saWiroebas warmoadgenda es mRvdlebi,
man mipasuxa: magaT axlavT kidev mitropoliti, romelic am
wamsve daswva kerZo oTaxSido. me am dros vsTxove mRvdlebs,
gamoeyvanaT aseTi, magram maT kategoriuli uariT mipasuxes.
TviT ojaxis deda kacsac vsTxove, gamoeyvana, magram manac
uari miTxra. Semdeg me uTxari milicioners, romelic me
maxTa, gamoeyvanaT es ukanaskneli, magram araviTari damor-
Cileba ar iqonia mitropolitma, ris Semdeg isev me mom-
marTes da Semdeg me wavedi. sabWos Tavmjdomaris TandaswrebiT
roca Sevedi oTaxSid, mitropolitma mogvsTxova mandati.
mec aseTi survili misi avasrule da uCvene mandatic da is
davalebac, romlis ZaliTac me viyavi wasuli, magram maszed
Cemma sabuTebma araviTari gavlena ar iqonia da, piriqiT,
momsTxova, gameTavisuflebia misi oTaxi da ganizraxa iseTi
moqceva uSveris eniT da arsebuli mTavrobis sawinaaRmde-
goT, romelsac TviTon grZnobda, viTomc Cven SevecdebodiT
da xeliT SevexebodiT, magram Cven aseTSid Tavi SevikaveT
da isev xverwniT movsTxoveT maT, amdgariyo da CvenTan
wamosuliyvnen maTi vinaobis gamosarkvevaT. aseTma Cvenma
lmobierma moqcevam mas aamaRlebia xma da dagviwyo kvlav
Semdegi sityvebis Zaxili: Tqven, komunistebo, qveynis dam-
aqcevari xarT, Tqven daaqcieT sarwmunoeba da saqarTvelo.
Tqveni WuWyiani xeli ar momakaroT, Tqven xarT gandevnili
kacobriobisagano da aseTi sazizRari sityvebiT ganagrZob-
da Tavisas, ramac gamogviyvana saerTo moTminebidan da Tanac
ufro gaamwvava CvenSid maszed mitanili eWvianoba, risTvisac
me mivmarTe CemTan mxleb milicioners, raTa aeyvana xeliT
da gamoeyvana gareT. es Sesrulebul iqna. magram gamoyvanis
dros mTeli mRvdlebi, ricxviT 9 kaci, amxedrden Cems
sawinaaRmdeg. am dros me mas Tavi davanebe da es mRvdlebi
wamoviyvane sabWos sammarTveloSid. am dros me moviwvie
asisTavebi da ocisTavebi, risTvisac me mindoda es mRvdle-
bi maTTvis gamometanebia da erTi milicionerTagani sviris
sadgurzed aRmaskomis sammarTveloSid. am dros mTeli

119
mRvdlebi abuntden da Seqmnes xmauri saerTo `panikis~ ga-
mosawvevaT da nawili glexebsac mouwodebden, amxedrebu-
liyvnen Cvens sawinaaRmdegoT. xalxi marTlac mogrovda,
magram ramodenime Segnebuli glexebis saSvalebiT Sevs-
ZeliT maTi damSvideba, e. i. mosuli glexebis da iqidan
wasvlac. da radgan mRvdlebmac darwmunden, rom mosuli
glexoba maT araviTar Svelasa da daxmarebas ar uwevden,
Semdeg amisad damTanxmden da wamomyven sammarTveloSid.
roca eseni gamovgzavne, me da sabWos Tavmjdomarem kvlav
mivmarTeT darCenil mRvdels. rac Seexeba, Cven ar vi-
codiT, Tu vin iyo is, mRvdeli iyo, Tu sxva vinme, radgan
TviTon ar gvacnobda aseTs. Cvenma masTan misvlam ufro
farToT mlanZRveli xasiaTi miiRo, rogorc Cvenzed pira-
daT, umetesad arsebuli mTavrobis sawinaaRmdegoT, ris Semdeg
iqna saxlidan gamoyvanili wesierad da iqve mdgom uremzed
davsviT, magram man aras didebiT ar gaCerda uremzed,
risTvisac kvlav gaiZaxoda _ me var ieso qriste nazareTe-
li da unda tanjuli Seviqne WuWyiani mTavrobis xeliTo.
imdenaT iqna xma amaRlebuli, rom moiTxovda Svelas, magram
Cvenis iqidan misi wamoyvanis saSvalebaT gaxTa uremi, rom-
liTac CamoviyvaneT sammarTveloSid. gzaSid did Zali lan-
ZRva ganagrZo, magram Cven mas vagonebdiT, rom Cven viyaviT
sabWoTa mosamsaxureebi da ara jalaTebi, is mainc Tavisas
ganagrZonda.~ (32, 7-12).
19 agvistos quTaisis mazris politbiuros pasuxismgebe-
li rwmunebulis TanaSemwes Sonias aseTi dadgenileba gamou-
tania: `me quTaisis mazris p/b pasuxismgebelma TanaSemwem
Soniam, ganvixile ra saqme # 590 braldebis gamo quTaTeli
mitropolitis nazir leJavasi, diakon besarion kuxianiZis,
mRvdel germane jajaniZis, simon mWedliZis, nikolaZis,
polievqtos vardosaniZis, es ukanaskneli daxvretas gada-
arCina Tavisma yofilma naTlulma (e.w. troikas erT-erTma
wevrmas.v.). sviris Temis rodinoulis adgilobrivi xelisu-
flebis warmomadgenlebisaTvis winaaRmdegobis gawevis gamo

120
davadgine: isini eweodnen kontrrevoluciur saqmianobas mi-
marTuli sabWoTa xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg.~ aseTi SeTiTx-
nili braldebis msxverpli gaxda sasuliero pirTa es jgufi.
STamomavlobisaTvis daikarga maTi saflavebic. simbolurad
es SeiZleba saRoriis Tu safiCxiis midamoebSi veZioT, si-
namdvileSi sad ganisveneben wamebulTa neStebi CvenTvis
ucnobia.
bolSevikur presaSi ar wydeboda daqiravebul kalmosan-
Ta cilismwamebluri werilebis beWdva. ai maSindeli xe-
lisuflebis mxardaWerTa azrovnebis nimuSebi:
`waiRes ganZeuloba, rac iyo eklesiaSi,
Caawyves iaSCikebSi da gadamales miwaSi,
genuas kaci afrines Tan gaatanes ustari.
sabWoTa wyoba ar mogvwons, sul dagvibnia davTari.~
an
`mwuxarebiT Seicvala wminda mamaTa sixaruli
simwrisagan iRriales ros ixiles xiSti mtruli.~
vinmes axsovs, vin iyvnen Saqro navTluReli? valia bax-
taZe? fridon narouSvili? silibistro Tordia? araqela
oqruaSvili? isini iyvnen im avadsaxsenebeli bolSevikuri
sistemis mexotbeni, romelTaTvisac samSoblo, sarwmunoeba,
qarTveloba salanZRavad, CamorCenilobad qceuliyo. gasuli
saukunis 90-ian wlebSi qarTvelma xalxma silibistro To-
drias, sergo orjonikiZesa da filipe maxaraZes maTi saxiT
bolSevikur ideologias sakadrisi miuzRo. magram manamde
kidev bevri tanjva-wameba damcireba da Seuracxyofa ai-
tanes samSoblos TavisuflebisaTvis wamebulma sasuliero
da saero pirebma. autanel pirobebSi uxdebodaT metexis
cixeSi yofna qarTvel sasuliero ierarqebs. uwmidesma da
unetaresma ambrosim bolomde SeinarCuna sulieri simt-
kice. xelisuflebisaTvis TandaTan arasasurveli xdeboda
sindisis Tavisuflebis deklarirebis pirobebSi sakaTali-
koso sabWos wevrebisa da patriarqis cixeSi yofna. cdi-
lobda maT gatexvas, raTa daeweraT bolSevikuri mTavrobis

121
saxelze patiebis Txovna. uwmidessa da unetaresi ambrosis
arqivSi aseTi Canaweria: `SeiZleba mec momeTxovos igive
sinanuli, rogoric CamourTmeviaT ruseTis patriarq tix-
onisaTvis da amis gamo Cemi gancxadebis proeqti amnairad
iqneba me Cemi Tavi ar mimaCnia damnaSaved... me darwmunebuli
viyavi, rom bolSevikebis mier ganxorcielebul am inter-
vencias saqarTvelos respublikis Sinaur cxovrebaSi mo-
hyveboda eklesiuri Tavisuflebis dakargva, rac me ube-
durebad mimaCnda Cveni mSobliuri eklesiisaTvis Cemi SiSe-
bi savsebiT gamarTlda da eklesias kidevac daatyda didi
ubedureba.~ (12, 895).
bolSevikurma xelisuflebam ver miaRwia uwmidesi pa-
triarqisa da dapatimrebuli sasuliero pirebisagan patie-
bis, monaniebis Txovnis miRebas, magram saqarTvelos marTl-
madidebeli eklesiis droebiT mmarTvelebs daawerines Tx-
ovna dapatimrebulTa Sewyalebisa da didsulovnad miiRes
gadawyvetileba 1925 wlis 10 marts maTi ganTvisuflebis
Sesaxeb. 11 marts uwmidesma da unetaresma ambrosim sionis
sapatriarqo taZarSi wirva aRavlina, didi SiSianobis mi-
uxedavad mravalricxovani sazogadoeba daeswro mas. patri-
arqma sityviT mimarTa maT: `savsebisagan gulisa bageni ityvian~
_ ambobs macxovari Cveni ieso qriste da amiT gviTiTebs
adamianis bunebis im moTxovnilebaze, romelic TviToeul
Cvengans kargad moexseneba, romlis dasakmayofileblad vcdi-
lobT gulze mowolili grZnobani sxvas gavuziaroT. am
fsiqologiur moTxovnilebas vgrZnob me axla, rodesac ori
wlis da ori Tvis daSorebis Semdeg vdgevar am wmida taZ-
arSi Tqven winaSe, magram, samwuxarod, sxva da sxva mizezis
gamo, es wadili gulSi unda Cavikla da davkmayofilde
mxolod Tqvendami madlobis gamocxadebiT imisTvis, rasac
me dRes aq vxedav. me cixeSiac mesmoda Tqveni guliswuxili
Cemi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. mesmoda da vgrZnobdi Tqvens
TanagrZnobas da es mamxnevebda da amatania is, rac am sabWos
dros me avitane. es iyo Sedegi ara Cemi Rirsebisa, aramed

122
imisi, rom Tqven giyvarT deda eklesia da atarebT im xarisxs,
romlis satareblad airCieT Cemi uRirseba. aq ixateba Tqve-
ni Rrma sarwmunoeba. rwmenis saqmeebSi ar emsgavsebiT ler-
wams, romelic mudam qanaobs da gadixreba iqiTken, saiTken-
ac qris qari, aramed xarT mtkiceni da uryevni. es aris
CemTvis gansakuTrebiT sasixarulo. me jer ar Sevdgomivar
Cemi movaleobis Sesrulebas, saWiroa gavecno Cveni eklesi-
is mdgomareobas, imas, Tu ra gakeTebula ori wlis ganmav-
lobaSi. SeiZleba bevrs kidevac gaukvirdes amnairi Cemi
gancxadeba da gulSi gaifiqros, ra saWiroa eklesiis mdgo-
mareobis gacnoba, vin ar icis da ar xedavs, Cveni taZrebi
daketilia, zogi mTlad dangreulia saZirkvlamdis, saekle-
sio samkaulebi, xatebi, jvrebi da Zvirfaseuloba gadata-
nilia da sxvao, magram me saqmes cota sxvanairad vuyureb:
namdvil eklesias vgulisxmob TqvenSi _ morwmuneebSi da
ara SenobebSi, samkaulebSi da ZvirfaseulebaSi. kargia ek-
lesia maSin, rodesac is gamSvenierebulia sarwmunoebis
simtkiciT, misi gaRrmavebiT. am mxriv, me mwams, rom eklesia
axla ufro ganmtkicebuli da gamdidrebulia, vinem iyo
uwin. garegnul xelqmnil taZrebis siRaribeSi xelTuqmne-
li eklesia ufro galamazda. amas naTlad amtkicebs morw-
muneTa Semokreba am wmida taZarSi. es metad sanugeSoa.
male nebiTa RvTisaTa Sevudgebi movaleobis Sesrulebas.
unda ganvacxado, rom Cemi samsaxuris dros swavla-moZRvrebis
sagani iqneba mxolod da mxolod sarwmunoeba da zneoba,
eklesiuri cxovrebis aRdgena. magram rom Cemi samsaxuri
iyos nayofieri, amisTavis marto Cemi Zala ar aris sakmari-
si. me amaSi meWireba Tqveni _ samRvdeloebisa da morwmun-
eTa daxmareba. imedi maqvs, miiRebT mxedvelobaSi Cems mox-
ucebulobas, uZlurebas da SemawevT Tqvens gamocdilebas
da muSaobis unars, xolo es mosaxerxebeli iqneba mxolod
maSin, rodesac yvelani ganvamsWvalebiT Cveni deda eklesiis
siyvaruliT, erTmaneTis Zmurad gataniT, rodesac pirad in-
teresebs vanacvalebT sazogado _ eklesiurs. kaTolikoso-

123
ba TavisTavad ar aris. rodesac kaTolikosobaze arCevis
Semdeg am ambionze avdiodi ganvacxade, rom me avdivar golgo-
Taze, rom me mitvirTavs didi jvari, romlis simZimis qveS
SesaZlebelia, davece Tu Tqveni _ morwmuneebis da TanaSem-
weobis daxmareba ar meqneba _ meTqi. es winaswarmetyveleba
gamodga, Tumca Cemi naTqvami TavisTavad ar iyo araviTari
winaswarmetyveleba. es iyo damyarebuli gamocdilebaze, axal
aRdgenili avtokefaluri Cveni eklesiis sami Tu oTxi wlis
istoriaze. me var saqarTvelos eklesiis mesame saWeTmpyro-
beli. rac mouvidaT kirions da leonids yvelam icis, rac
momivida piradad me, es ukve cxadad yvelam dainaxa. Tu
kirionsa da leonids saxels utexdnen sityviT Tu weriT,
es mec ganvicade, Tu maT gadayenebas cdilobdnen, mec ar
damklebia es mowyaleba. me ufro medgrad momeTxova gada-
dgoma umaRlesi saeklesio dawesebulebidan. ra iyo amis
mizezi? amis mizezi iyo Cveni Seugnebloba, Cveni udisci-
plinoba... Cven ar gvesmoda, rom eklesiis Tavis saxelis
gatexa, aris imave dros saxelis gatexa eklesiisa, saxelis
gatexa TviT im morwmuneTa, im erisa, romelmac airCia uvar-
gisi Tavi da saWeTmpyrobeli. im qveynebSi, sadac morwmune
xalxi momwifebulia sazogado eklesiur moRvaweobisTvis,
sxvanairad iqcevian, irCeven xSirad imdenad moxucebulebs,
anu xanSi Sesulebs, romelnic moklebulni arian muSaobis
unars, magram misi saxeliT da mis magivrad akeTeben eklesi-
ur saqmeebs. rogor sargebloben mtrebi Cveni udiscipli-
nobiT da SeugneblobiT, misi magaliTi bevria, magram aq
moviyvan mxolod erTs. ruseTis eklesias ar moewona Cveni
avtokefaliis gamocxadeba, ruseTis eklesiidan yovelTvis
gvimzadebdnen sxvadasxva dabrkolebas...~ (12, 539). aq Sewyda
misi sityva, cudad gaxda, magram Tavi Seimagra, cremli
moeria, gadaxeda aqviTinebul mrevls da jvari gardasaxa
maT... patriarqTan midiodnen adamianebi da ulocavdnen cix-
idan gaTavisuflebas. iyo werilobiTi adresebic. `uwmideso
meufeo, wmida nikolozis eklesiis mrevli ganmsWvalulia

124
Sendami didi siyvaruliT, dRe dReze eloda cixidan gan-
Tavisuflebas da xilvas. mravalJamier dido meufeo Cveni
eris sakeTildReod.~ (3, 96). uwmidesma da unetaresma sa-
gangebo paraklisi gadaixada kojris misadgomebTan bolSe-
vikur saokupacio jarebTan brZolaSi daRupuli qarTveli
iunkerebisaTvis... patriarqi ver gatexes, verc pozicia Seacv-
levines xelisuflebis survilis sawinaaRmdegod. 1921-1927
wlebSi saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi uwmidesi
da unetaresi ambrosis locva-kurTxeviT mRvdelmTavris
xarisxSi aiyvanes 1. dekanozi qristefore (cicqiSvili)
urbnelad 1922 wels, 2. dekanozi svimeoni (WeliZe) Wyon-
didelad 1923 wels. 3. arqimandriti nestori (yubaneiSvili)
baTum-Semoqmedelad 1924 wels, 4. dekanozi kalistrate
(cincaZe) manglelad 1925 wels. 5. dekanozi stefane (kar-
belaSvili) bodbelad 1925 wels. 6. arqimandriti pavle
(jafariZe) wilknelad 1925 wels. 7. dekanozi mixeili (fx-
alaZe) alaverdelad 1925 wels. 8. dekanozi aleqsi (ger-
samia) cagarelad 1925 wels. 9. dekanozi varlaami (max-
araZe) 1926 wels. 10. arqimandriti efremi (sidamoniZe)
manglelad 1927 wels. aseT viTarebaSi xelisuflebas unda
Seecvala eklesiasTan brZolis taqtika. saWiro iyo ekle-
siaSi xelisuflebis dasayrdenis Seqmna Sida dapirispireb-
is provocireba da eklesiis Signidan afeTqeba.

125
 5. `ganaxlebisa da reformebis~ droSiT
uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis ambrosis damxobis
mzakvruli gegma.

bolSevikuri saokupacio xelisuflebisaTvis sruliad

miuRebeli iyo saqarTvelos marTlmadidebluri samociqu-
lo eklesia. man Tavisi pozicia daufaravad daafiqsira 1921
wlis 15 aprils revkomis dekretiT, romlis Tanaxmadac
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia kanongareSe gamocx-
adda. bolSevikebi aTeistebi iyvnen da miznad isaxavdnen
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saerTod mospobas, magram imasac
grZnobdnen, rom TavianTi Savbneli saqmianobis pirvel etapze
es gauWirdebodaT. amitom aseTi gegma SeimuSaves erTis
mxriv administraciuli, ZalmomreobiTi, teroris gziT ek-
lesiis winaaRmdeg brZola, meores mxriv TviT eklesiis
wiaRSi CaenergaT bolSevikuri xelisuflebis mxardamWeri
sasuliero pirebad movlenili liberalebi. xelisuflebam
samSoblos da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis in-
teresebisaTvis mebrZolT `moRalatis, CamorCenili, kon-
servatorebis, reaqcionerebis da ucxoeTis daqiravebuli
agentebis~ iarliyi miakera, xolo bolSevikuri eqsperimen-
tebisa da uzneobisadmi loialurad ganwyobil sasuliero
pirebs `progresuli samRvdeloeba~ uwoda.
1922-1925 wlebSi bolSevikuri xelisuflebis gadaw-
yvetilebiT saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze aRweres mo-
qmed eklesia-monastrebSi daculi oqrosa da vercxlis saek-
lesio siwmindeni, Semdeg gamozides eklesia-monastrebidan
da `mSromelTa saWiroebis~ sababiT gayides. 1922-1924 wlebSi
popularuli gaxda sasamarTlo procesebi. 1923 wlis 9
Tebervals onSi `mSromelTa saCivris safuZvelze Catarda
sasamarTlo sxdoma, romelmac gamoitana gadawyvetileba
qristianuli sarwmunoebis, rogorc xalxis mtris dagmobis
da raionis teritoriaze moqmedi eklesiebis gauqmebisa da

126
dangrevis Sesaxeb. saqarTvelos sxvadasxva raionebSi adgi-
lobrivi partiuli da komkavSireli aqtivistebi erTmaneTs
ejibrebodnen vin ufro met eklesias daarbevda, vin ufro
Seuracxyofda sasuliero pirebs.
bolSevikuri xelisufleba sazogadoebis winaSe Tavis
marTlebis mizniT, rom qveyanaSi sindisis Tavisufleba iyo
iRebda iseT kanonebs, romelSic adasturebda, rom kanonis
farglebSi moqmedebda. magaliTad 1924 wlis 21 noembris
dekretiT `religiur sazogadoebaTa registraciis Sesaxeb~
miTiTebuli iyo, rom morwmuneebs Tavisuflad SeeZloT
eklesiis gaxsna RvTismsaxurebaSi monawileoba, magram es
mxolod Teoriulad, praqtikulad xelisufleba sastikad
devnida morwmuneebs, sasuliero pirebs. bolSevikur xe-
lisuflebas mosvenebas ukargavda uwmidesi da unetaresi
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis ambrosis, sakaTa-
likoso sabWos Seurigebeli pozicia saokupacio xelisu-
flebisadmi. amitom `Cekam~ SeimuSava saidumlo gegma, romel-
ic iTvaliswinebda `antisabWoeli kaTolikosis eklesiis
mesaWeobidan CamoSorebas, `reaqciuli~ sakaTalikoso sab-
Wos garekvas da mis nacvlad sabWoTa saokupacio xelisu-
flebisadmi loialurad ganwyobili sasuliero pirebis, `pro-
gresuli samRvdeloebisaTvis~ avtoritetis mopovebas. e.w.
`progresuli, reformatori~ sasuliero pirebi, rom mzad
iyvnen xelisuflebasTan TanamSromlobisaTvis, es kargad
gamoCnda 1924 wlis 20 oqtombers saqarTvelos marTlma-
didebeli eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis saxeliT gakeTe-
bul gancxadebis Sinaarsidan. sadac naTqvami iyo: `vaRiarebT
sabWoTa xelisuflebas, romelic warmatebiT xelmZRvanelobs
qarTveli eris kulturul-ekonomikur da erovnul aRorZi-
nebas, vgmobT 1924 wlis agvistos avanturas.~ (12, 539).
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelo-
bis saxeliT aseTi gancxadebis gakeTeba im dros, roca uw-
midesi da unetaresi ambrosi, sakaTalikoso sabWos wevrebi
metexis cixeSi itanjebodnen, xolo aTasobiT patrioti,

127
samSoblos TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZolni daundoblad gaa-
nadgures, gamaognebeli iyo qarTveli xalxis im nawili-
saTvis, visTvisac Zvirfasi iyo samSoblos Tavisuflebis
idea. xelisuflebis waqezebiT eklesiis droebiTi mmarTveloba
gaitaca `ganaxlebisa da reformebis~ ideebma. maT miaCndaT,
rom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebelma eklesiam ver auwyo
fexi revoluciuri drois moTxovnebs, patriarqi kvlav mar-
Tlmadideblur, konservatorul mimarTulebas icavda ekle-
siaSi, amitom aucilebeli iyo siaxleebi. `ganaxlebisa da
reformebis~ jgufs xelmZRvanelobdnen episkoposebi: qriste-
fore da daviTi. episkoposi daviTi (kaWaxiZe) daufaravad
acxadebda: `dro aris ganaxleba Setanil iqnas Cvens saekle-
sio cxovrebaSi Tanaxmad Tanamedrove kulturis, saxelmwi-
foebrivi wes-wyobilebisa.~ (3, 115).
saeklesio sferoSi `reformebisa da ganaxlebis~ jgufis
saqmianoba, rom inspirirebuli iyo xelisuflebisagan es
iqidanac Canda, rom maTi sxdomebis oqmebi, gancxadebebi
daubrkolebriv vrceldeboda bolSevikuri presis meSveo-
biT. magaliTad 1923 wlis 2 seqtembers quTaisSi samRvde-
loebis Sekrebas eswreboda adgilobrivi bolSevikuri or-
ganizaciis erT-erTi lideri valia baxtaZe, romelmac sa-
suliero pirebs mimarTa, Tu rogori unda yofiliyo ganax-
lebuli eklesia da ra SemTxvevaSi iTanamSromlebda xe-
lisufleba masTan. quTaTelma episkoposma daviTma kidev
erTxel daafiqsira Tavisi erTguleba `ganaxlebisa da re-
formebis~ mimarT da ganacxada: `dadga dro, eklesiaSi ganx-
orcieldes cvlilebebi Tanamedrove cxovrebis mixedviT. am
gziT gadadgmuli iqnas progresuli nabijebi eklesiur cxov-
rebaSi~... genuis konferenciaze qarTveli samRvdeloebis
saxeliT gagzavnilma memorandumma, kontrrevoluciurma
gamosvlebma saqarTvelos eklesia uxerxul mdgomareobaSi
Caayena. sabWoTa xelisuflebam igi Tavis mtrad miiCnia da
amitom daarbia eklesiebi, daiqsaqsa samRvdeloeba, mTavroba
unda darwmundes, rom eklesias politikasTan araviTari

128
saerTo ara aqvs, Tu amas davamtkicebT normalur pirobebSi,
maSin xelisufleba Sewyvets eklesiis sawinaaRmdego kampa-
nias. amitom moviTxovT Cvens eparqiaSi SeCerebul iqnas
eklesiisa da samRvdeloebis winaaRmdeg brZola, aRdgenil
iqnas taZrebi. Tu mainc vinme SeiniSna antisamTavrobo ga-
mosvlebSi isini sastikad iqnan dasjilni.~ (13, 1523). bolSe-
vikurma xelisuflebam imisaTvis, rom `sareformo jgufis~
wevrebisaTvis xalxSi avtoriteti Seeqmna maTi moTxovnebi
Seasrula, quTaisis eparqiaSi gaxsna administraciuli wes-
iT daxuruli eklesiebi, gaaTavisufla dapatimrebuli sa-
suliero pirebi.
`ganaxlebisa da reformebis~ jgufis wevrebma axali gancx-
adeba gaakeTes: `dRes saqarTveloSi arsebuli sabWoTa xe-
lisufleba aris erTaderTi kanonieri xelisufleba da qarTve-
li xalxis interesebis damcveli. Cven movuwodebT yvela
morwmunes mxari dauWiron mas. vacxadebT sruliad saqarTve-
los kaTolikos-patriarq ambrosis gamosvlas Semcdarad da
arakanonierad. saWirod migvaCnia igi gadayenebul iqnas ka-
Tolikos-patriarqis Tanamdebobidan.~ (3, 116). es iyo xe-
lisuflebisa da `reformator~ sasuliero pirTa namdvili
survilis gulaxdili aRiareba. uwmidesi da unetaresi am-
brosi iyo didi avtoriteti qarTveli xalxisaTvis Tu mas
gadaayenebdnen da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
saTaveSi marTul sasuliero pirs dasvamdnen kaTolikos-
patriarqad amaze ukeTesi antireligiuri brZola, erovnul-
ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis ganeitraleba xom SeuZlebe-
li iyo. Tu marTuli sasuliero pirebi samSoblos da ek-
lesiis Tavisuflebas avanturad monaTlavdnen vis sWirde-
boda aseTi eklesia? ra Tqma unda xelisuflebas, romelic
moaxerxebda xalxis saboloo damonebas da antireligiuri
brZolis warmatebiT dagvirgvinebas.
`ganaxlebisa da reformebis~ jgufma miiRo yovlad uz-
neo gadawyvetileba, TbilisSi, metexis cixeSi uwmides am-
rosTan gaegzavna delegacia episkopos daviTis (kaWaxiZe) da

129
mRvdel platon cqitiSvilis SemadgenlobiT, romelTac
uwmides ambrosis aseTi Sinaarsis werili miarTves: `saqarTve-
los eklesiis dRevandeli mdgomareoba mZimea, patriarqi,
mitropoliti, arqimandriti, zogierTi dekanozi dapatimre-
bulni arian, eparqiebis marTva-gamgeoba SeCerebulia. taZre-
bi gamonaklisis garda daketilia, samRvdeloeba daqsaqsulia,
morwmune eri Sewuxebulia. yovelive es eklesiis da xe-
lisuflebas Soris momxdari konfliqtis Sedegia, rac gam-
oiwvia Tqven mier gadadgmulma nabijma. amitom gTxovT uaryoT
memorandumi, romlis Sinaarsic mTavrobis dRevandel sax-
elmwifoebriv moqmedebas ar Seesabameba da ar SeswiroT mas
eklesiis keTildReoba,~ (13, 1523). maT araorazrovnad mian-
iSnes patriarqs, rom ajobebda Tu Tavisi nebiT gadadgebo-
da. e. i. jer unda moenaniebina genuis konferenciaze gagza-
vnili memorandumis gamo, bodiSi moexada sabWoTa xelisu-
flebisaTvis da gadamdgariyo patriarqis Tanamdebobidan.
uwmidesma da unetaresma ambrosim gulisyuriT mousmina
maT da mtkiced ganucxada: rom igi Tavisi nebiT ar gadadge-
boda: Tu saWiroa Cveni eklesiisaTvis, me iZulebiT unda
viqne gadayenebuli.~ qarTveli sazogadoebis moazrovne naw-
ilisaTvis, samRvdeloebis umravlesobisaTvis sruliad mi-
uRebeli iyo `ganaxlebisa da reformebis~ mimdevarTa sur-
vilebi, miznebi. bolSevikuri xelisuflebisa da eklesiis
reformatorTa namdvili saxe kargad warmoCnda maT mier
SemuSavebul `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sare-
formo proeqtSi.~ proeqtis Tanaxmad uqmdeboda saqarTve-
los marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikoso sabWo, sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis Tanamdeboba, samagierod
saqarTvelos eklesias ganagebda Tbilisis mTavarepiskopo-
sis tituliT Tbilisis mRvdelmTavari, romelsac aseve
daeqvemdebareboda qarTl-kaxeTis eparqiis kaTedra, misi
rezidencia iyo TbilisSi. Tbilisis mRvdelmTavars TanaSem-
wed eyoleboda qorepiskoposi. proeqtis mixeviT imereTisa
da guria-samegrelos eparqias marTavda quTaisis mRvdelmTa-

130
vari, romelsac kaTedra eqneboda quTaisSi, afxazeTisa da
samurzayanos eparqias marTavda cxum-afxazeTis episkoposi,
romelsac kaTedra eqneboda soxumSi. saqarTvelos eklesiis
mRvdelmTavrebs exmarebodnen mTavarxucesebi, romelTac
eparqiebi dayofili aqvT olqebad da cxovroben, sadac
mouxdebaT. `ganaxlebisa da reformebis~ jgufis wevrebi-
saTvis sruliad miuRebeli iyo saqarTvelos marTlmadide-
beli eklesia rogorc erTiani, Zlieri centralizebuli
organizaciis matarebeli organo. maTi proeqtiT cvlilebe-
bi unda Sexeboda TviT eklesiasac. sakurTxevels kankelis
nacvlad moajiri Secvlida. eklesiidan macxovris xatis
garda sxva xatebi unda gaetanaT (?!) taZarSi ikrZaleboda
sacecxlurisa da sakmevlis gamoyeneba (?!) zari SeiZleboda
wirvis dawyebis win mxolod erTxel daerekaT. reforma-
torebi uaryofdnen saswaulmoqmedi xatis arsebobas (?!)
maTi azriT drois moTxovnebis Sesabamisad unda gamartive-
buliyo RvTismsaxureba, wirvis dros ar iyo savaldebulo
samociqulos wakiTxva. Svidi saidumlodan savaldebulo ar
iyo sinanuli da zeTis kurTxeva. `higienuri mosazrebis
gamo ziarebis dros savaldebulo ar iyo erTi barZimidan
ziareba. saeklesio wignebi asomTavrul-xucurisa da Zveli
qarTulis nacvlad unda gaTanedrovebuliyo. arasavaldebu-
lod cxaddeboda sasuliero pirebis mier samRvdelmTavro
da samRvdelo SesamoseliT siaruli. kategoriulad ikrZa-
leboda ber-monazvnoba. visac undoda SeeZlo gandegilad
ecxovra. es mas aranair privilegias ar aniWebda. saepisko-
poso kandidati SeiZleba yofiliyo coliani, an qvrivi. Sesa-
Zleblad iyo miCneuli daqvrivebuli mRvdlis meored daqor-
wineba. `ganaxlebis da reformebis~ jgufis proeqti krZa-
lavda marxvas, amcirebda saeklesio dResaswaulebs. moiTx-
ovda saeklesio dResaswaulebis axali stiliT aRniSvnas,
mravalsaukunovani qarTuli sagaloblebis gaTanamedrove-
bas. isini acxadebdnen, rom maTi mizani naTeli iyo: `eklesi-
is saqmianobis gamococxleba da progresis gzaze damyareba,

131
karCaketilobisa da calmxrivobis mospoba, misi gamococx-
leba da gavrceleba yvela im saqmeebze, romelnic emsaxure-
bian, rogorc kerZo pirovnebas, ise sazogadoebrivi ganvi-
Tarebisa da progresis saqmes.~ (13, 1523).
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samociqulo eklesia udide-
si gansacdelis winaSe aRmoCnda, devnilobas daemata e.w.
`ganaxlebisa da reformebis~ jgufis saqmianoba, romelic
mimarTuli iyo marTlmadidebluri dogmebisa da mraval-
saukunovani kanonikuri tradiciebis ganadgurebisaken. qarTve-
li `reformatorebi~ ruseTSi farTod gavrcelebul e. w.
`cocxali eklesiis~ ideologias iziarebdnen.
bolSevikuri xelisufleba dadebiTad afasebda qarTvel
reformatorTa mier Sedgenil eklesiis ganaxlebis proeqts.
bolSevikuri gazeTebi `komunisti,~ zaria vostoka,~ `muSa
da glexi~ iwonebdnen saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli ek-
lesiis ganaxlebis (sinamdvileSi mospobis) proeqts. gaz.
`muSa da glexSi~ 1923 wlis #23 saredaqcio minawerSi
`pirveli nabiji~ aRniSnuli iyo: `Cven vfiqrobT _ pirveli
nabiji quTaisis samRvdeloebis warmomadgenlobisa mokle
xanSi ufro da ufro radikalur gamoZaxils povebs sam-
Rvdeloebis dabal fenebSi, yovelgvari axali progresuli
nabijis gadadgma rogorc dadebiTi movlena kidev ufro
daafiqrebs maT, visac eklesia swams, am eklesiis safuZv-
lebis Sesaxeb. dafiqreba ki yvelaze ufro Seuwyobs xels
imas, riskenac Cven miviswrafviT eklesiis sakiTxSi, mis
srul mospobas.~ amaze gulaxdilad raRa unda eTqvaT xe-
lisuflebisa da eklesiis wiaRSi aRmocenebul ganaxlebisa
da reformebis jgufis wevrebs. istoria marto warsuli ar
aris igi awmyosa da momavalSic dafiqrebisa da sworad
gansjis saukeTeso saSualebaa. warsuliT momavlis winaswarme-
tyvelebaa, gadaxedav mas da rwmundebi zogjer faqtebi da
movlenebi rogor hgavs erTmaneTs...
1925 wlis 10 marts, rodesac sapatimrodan gaaTavisu-
fles sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi

132
da unetaresi ambrosi, sakaTalikoso sabWos wevrebi, isini
saswrafod Seikribnen da seriozuli msjeloba hqondaT
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiaSi Seqm-
nili urTulesi viTarebis gamo. uwmidesma da unetaresma
ambrosim sagangebo brZanebiT gaauqma saqarTvelos marTlma-
didebeli eklesiis droebiTi mmarTveloba da daiwyo kaTo-
likos-patriarqis da sakaTalikoso sabWos Zalauflebis gan-
mtkiceba. igi grZnobda janmrTelobis gauaresebas, amitom
gverdiT unda hyoloda erTguli da Wkviani sasuliero pirebi.
man 1925 wlis 30 oqtombers dekanozi kalistrate cincaZe
episkoposad akurTxa, amave dRes mitropolitoba mianiWa,
daajildova bartyulaze briliantis jvris tarebis uflebiT,
gamoacxada upirates mRvdelmTavrad da sruliad saqarTve-
los kaTolikos-patriarqis mudmiv mosaydred. amave dros
uwmidesi ambrosis brZanebiT Seiqmna sagangebo komisia episko-
posis melqisedek alaverdelis da dekanoz epifane jaoSvi-
lis SemadgenlobiT, romelTac dawvrilebiT unda Seeswav-
laT `ganaxlebisa da reformebis~ jgufis saqmianoba. qu-
TaTel episkopos daviTs mowinaaRmdegeni Tavis eparqiaSic
gamouCndnen, magram sakaTalikoso sabWoSi mas mxari episko-
posma qristeforem dauWira, ufro metic, moiTxova misTvis
mitropolitoba. sakaTalikoso sabWom miiRo gadawyvetile-
ba episkopos daviTis sxva eparqiaSi gadayvanis Sesaxeb, ma-
gram am gadawyvetilebas igi ar daemorCila. bolSevikuri
xelisufleba kmayofilebiTa da sixaruliT adevnebda Tva-
lyurs saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi Seqmnil
umZimes viTarebas, kidev ufro aZlierebda antireligiur
propagandas da Riad mxars uWerda `ganaxlebisa da reformebis~
jgufis wevrebs. am kritikul viTarebaSi uwmides da une-
tares ambrosis gverdiT uryevad idgnen: mitropoliti kal-
istrate, episkoposebi: melqisedeki, pavle, aleqsi, dekano-
zebi: ivane mirianaSvili, giorgi gamrekeli, sakaTalikoso
sabWos wevrebi: ivane ratiSvili, giorgi imnaiSvili. `ganax-
lebisa da reformebis~ jgufis wevrebma episkopos daviTis

133
saxeliT saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi aseTi Sinaarsis wer-
ili gamoagzavnes: `vwyvetT yovelgvar kavSirs saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqTan, sakaTalikoso sabWosTan.~ (13, 1523).
maT TviTneburad gamoacxades episkopos daviTis mitropoli-
tis xarisxSi ayvana, xolo 1926 wlis 26-27 dekembers
quTaisSi aseve TviTneburad moiwvies saeklesio kreba, romel-
sac eswreboda sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq
uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosis, sakaTalikoso sabWos mow-
inaaRmdege samRvdeloeba _ sul 77 delegati, maT Soris
TviTneburad gamitropolitebuli qristefore da daviTi,
episkoposebi ioane, simeoni, nestori. saeklesio krebaze
mowveul iyvnen qarTveli inteligenciis TvalsaCino warmo-
madgenlebic, magram isini ar wamoegen am avanturas da uari
ganacxades ukanono krebis muSaobaSi monawileobaze.
meamboxeebma quTaisis saeklesio krebis dRis wesrigi ase
gansazRvres: 1. droebiTi saeklesio mmarTvelobis daarseba.
2. saqarTvelos morwmune mrevlisadmi mimarTvis teqstis
miReba. 3. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTa-
likoso sabWos moqmedebisa da misis dRevandeli Semadgen-
lobis gadayenebis Sesaxeb. 4. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebe-
li eklesiis IV saeklesio krebis mowvevis drois gan-
sazRvra. 5. mimdinare sakiTxebi.
`reformatorebma~ jer kidev 1926 wlis martSi aseTi
ganCineba gamoitanes, `daevalos mitropolit qristefores
Seudges kaTolikos-patriarqis movaleobis Sesrulebas~ (15,
102). saeklesio Zalauflebis xelSi Cagdebis aseTi dauoke-
beli survilis miuxedavad `ganaxlebisa da reformebis~
jgufis wevrebi grZnobdnen morwmune sazogadoebaSi rogor
uaryofiTad Sefasdeboda bolSevikuri xelisuflebisagan
nawamebi kaTolikos-patriarq ambrosis gadayeneba. amitom maT
amjobines ufro SemovliTi gzebiT moqmedeba. 1. gadayenebu-
lad gamoacxades sakaTalikoso sabWos Semadgenloba, 2. sakaTa-
likoso sabWos nacvlad saeklesio krebis mowvevamde Tbi-
lisSi daarses saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelo-

134
ba mitropolit qristefores TavmjdomareobiT. 3. sruliad
saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiT mmarTvelobas evaleba Caibaros
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sakaTalikoso sab-
Wos yvela sabuTi, Tanxa, inventari. kancelariis beWedi. 4.
yvela is sasuliero piri, vinc ar daemorCileba saqarTve-
los marTlmadidebeli eklesiis droebiTi mmarTvelobis gada-
wyvetilebas daTxovnilad iTvlebian. krebis monawileebma
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq ambrosisadmi
gagzavnil werilSi quTaisis krebis gadawyvetilebebi
saqarTvelos eklesiis winaSe arsebuli problemebis gada-
Wris aucileblobiT axsnes. `Cveni mizania _ werdnen isini
_ saqarTvelos eklesiis erTianobis, simSvidis da simtki-
cis SenarCuneba. Cven araviTari ganzraxva ara gvaqvs uadgi-
lo da udroo reformebi SemoviRoT eklesiaSi, varwmunebT
Tqven uwmidesobas, rom Tqvendami pativiscema uaRresad
gaRvivdeba, rogorc Cveni, ise mTeli morwmune eris gulSi,
ukeTu gaiziarebT Cvens TqvenTan TanamSromlobas, Tanaxmad
warmodgenili dadgenilebisa, romelic ar aris mimarTuli
Tqveni uwmidesobis pirovnebis winaaRmdeg, aramed gamowveulia
mxolod saqarTvelos eklesiis siyvaruliT.~ (13, 1651). quTai-
sis saeklesio krebis iniciatorebma SesaniSnavad gamoiyenes
bolSevikuri mTavrobis gadawyvetileba, religiur orga-
nizaciaTa xelaxali registraciis aucileblobis Sesaxeb.
1926 wlis 28 dekembers uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis ambrosis gverdis av-
liT registraciaSi gaatares saqarTvelos marTlmadidebe-
li eklesiis droebiTi mmarTveloba, sadac saTanamSromlod
uflebaayrili kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosic miiwvies.
ras akeTebda Seqmnil viTarebaSi saqarTvelos marTlma-
didebeli eklesiis sakaTalikoso sabWo, sruliad saqarTve-
los kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi?
man saswrafod moiwvia sakaTalikoso sabWos sxdoma, sadac
aseTi Sinaarsis gancxadeba gaakeTa: `miviRe informacia, rom
quTaisSi episkopos daviTis mier sruliad saqarTvelos ka-

135
Tolikos-patriarqis nebarTvis gareSe mowveulia saekle-
sio kreba, romelsac eswrebodnen sxva eparqiebidan zogier-
Ti mRvdelmTavari da sasuliero piri. sakaTalikoso sabWom
miiRo mxedvelobaSi, rom amnairi kreba ar aris gaTval-
iswinebuli saqarTvelos eklesiis debulebiT, ganaCina: quTais-
Si Catarebuli kreba gamocxaddes ukanonod.~ (13, 1651).
egreTwodebuli `reformatorebi~ kidev ufro Sors wav-
idnen 1926 wlis 30 dekembers aiZules mitropoliti kal-
istrate gadamdgariyo mosaydris Tanamdebobidan, xolo Semdeg
Seecadnen xelSi CaegdoT saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis sakaTalikoso sabWos kancelaria, saqmis warmoeba.
aRSfoTebuli da ganrisxebuli kaTolikos-patriarqi ambro-
si acxadebda: `vidre me var sruliad saqarTvelos kaToli-
kos-patriarqi, sakaTalikoso sabWos kancelaria imyofeba
Cems gankargulebaSi da is aravis ar gadaecema. arsebul
saeklesio kanonTa gareSe quTaisSi momxdari yrilobis mier
arCeul saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiT mmarTvelobis mi-
uxedavad mis pirad Semadgenlobas me ver vcnob.~ (12, 539).
xelisuflebisadmi loialurad ganwyobil reformatorebis
zraxvebs Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariati wamoeSvela.
1927 wlis 4 ianvars Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariatis
brZanebiT sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq uw-
mides ambrosis CamoarTves sakaTalikoso da saeparqio kan-
celaria, romelic gadaeca saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis droebiT mmarTvelobas. uwmidesma da unetaresma
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma ambrosim 1927
wlis 12 ianvars Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisrisadmi gag-
zavnil werilSi aRniSna: `quTaisis saeklesio yriloba saek-
lesio kanonebis mixedviT odnavadac ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos
kanonier krebad, vinaidan kanonierad iTvleba mxolod is
kreba, romelic mowveulia eklesiis pirvel mRvdelmTavris-
agan, kaTolikos-patriarqisagan. xsenebuli yriloba aramc
ar yofila mowveuli Cems mier, aramed pirdapir gamocxade-
buli iyo Cemgan da sakaTalikoso sabWosgan ukanonod.~ (12,

136
539). aseT viTarebaSi maTTvis sapatriarqo kancelariis Cabare-
ba dauSvebeli iyo. magram xelisuflebis wamomadgenlebi-
saTvis saeklesio kanonebi ar arsebobda. maTTvis uwmidesi
da unetaresi ambrosi miuRebeli iyo. marTalia 1925 wels
igi sapyrobiledan gaaTavisufles, magram maTi azriT igi
mainc ar iSlida xelisuflebisadmi daumorCileblobas, ar
scnobda sabWoTa xelisuflebas rogorc kanoniers, kvlav
ixdida panaSvidebs 1921 wlis TebervalSi bolSevikur saok-
upacio jarebTan daRupuli qarTveli patriotebisaTvis, 1924
wlis ajanyebis monawile daRupulTaTvis, winaaRmdegoba gauwia
maT samxedro taZris CamorTmevis gamo. am dros `ganaxleb-
isa da reformebis~ jgufi, romelnic saqarTvelos marTl-
madidebeli eklesiis droebiT mmarTvelobaSi iyvnen araerT
gancxadebaSi afiqsirebdnen TavianT pozicias, aRiarebdnen
bolSevikur xelisuflebas, rogorc qarTveli xalxis er-
TaderTi kanonieri interesebis gamomxatvel xelisuflebas.
oficialuri xelisuflebis waqezebiT droebiTi mmarTvelobis
wevrebma 1927 wlis TebervalSi uwmidesi da unetaresi
ambrosi faqtiurad CamoaSores saqarTvelos marTlmadide-
beli eklesiis marTva-gamgeobas. am nerviulobam, SfoTma da
ciliswamebam, kidev ufro gaauaresa uwmidesi da unetaresi
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq ambrosis janm-
rTeloba. 1927 wlis 22 marts droebiTi mmarTvelobis wevre-
bi Sevidnen uwmidesi ambrosisTan da gamoucxades, rom igi
ganTavisuflebuli iyo saqmis warmoebisagan da saqarTve-
los marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saWeTmpyrobelobidan. `amis
gamocxadebis meore dRes 23 marts uwmidesma ambrosim dakarga
metyvelebis unari, 27 marts goneba, 29 marts dilis 3
saaTze igi gardaicvala...~ (15, 102).
aseTi araadamianuri, gausaZlisi teroris viTarebaSi,
romelSic amyofebdnen mis uwmidesobas, daasrula Tavisi
sicocxle saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis didma
mwyemsmTavarma, romelic sicocxleSi Tavisuflebis simbolod,
xolo gardacvalebis Semdeg misabaZ gmirad iqca patrioti

137
qarTvelobisaTvis.
1927 wlis 29 marts Seikriba saqarTvelos marTlmadide-
beli eklesiis droebiTi mmarTveloba, romelmac moismina
mitropolit kalistrates sityvieri gancxadeba. man gaaxmo-
vana gansvenebuli patriarqis survili misi dakrZalvis dros
ar iqnas warmoTqmuli sityvebi. uwmidesi ambrosi yvelafers
iTvaliswinebda, qristianuli tradiciis Tanaxmad micvale-
bulze an kargi unda eTqvaT, ar araferi. vin gabedavda masze
kargi Tqmas? Tu gabedavda amiT xom safrTxes Seuqmnida
Tavis Tavsac da eklesiasac. am `uxerxulobisagan~ gaaTa-
visufla gansvenebulma sasuliero ierarqebi. damkrZalav
komisias xelmZRvanelobda alaverdis episkoposi melqisedeki,
SiSianobis, teroris miuxedavad sionis sapatriarqo taZar-
Si panaSvidebze mravalricxovani sazogadoeba ikribeboda.
gansakuTrebiT mravalricxovani iyo xelisuflebisaTvis
zedmetad miCneuli saxelovani qarTveli inteligencia,
represiebis gadarCenilni eTxovebodnen saqarTvelos mar-
Tlmadidebeli eklesiis siamayes. 3 aprils sionis sapatri-
arqo taZarSi saxelovani patriarqebis uwmidesi kiron II da
leonids gverdiT dakrZales saqarTvelos eklesiisa da sax-
elmwifoebrivi damoukideblobisaTvis wamebuli gmiri
sulieri winamZRoli...

138
 6. wmindanTa dasSi

uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaToli-

kos-patriarqi ambrosi xelaia saqarTvelos istoriis sax-
elmZRvaneloebSi samecniero publikaciebSi XX saukunis
30-80-ian wlebSi moixseneboda rogorc Seurigebeli anti-
sabWoeli da `didi sabWoTa socialisturi mSeneblobis~
mowinaaRmdege. samwuxarod sasuliero wreebSic iyvnen ise-
Ti adamianebi, romelnic gaumarTleblad miiCnevdnen, sabWo-
Ta xelisuflebisadmi mis Seurigebel damokidebulebas. sa-
bWouri ideologiuri dogmebiT damuSavebuli sazogadoebis
didi nawilisaTvis ucnobi iyo uwmidesi ambrosis saqmiano-
ba. didi moTmineba da muSaoba iyo saWiro sazogadoebis
mosamzadeblad. 1989 wlis 9 aprilis movlenebis Semdeg,
roca kidev erTxel warmoCinda ruseTis saokupacio jareb-
is, im saokupacio jarebis STamomavalTa mxecobani, romelTac
Tavis droze ebrZoda uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi,
saqarTveloSi Seicvala azrovnebis wesi. damoukideblobi-
saTvis brZolis ideam gaacocxla is miviwyebuli gmirebi,
romelnic Tavis droze am ideas Seewirnen. uwmidesi da
unetaresi ambrosis saxeli Tavisi Cveuli brwyinvalebiT
daubrunda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel samociqulo ek-
lesias, qarTul sinamdviles.
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma uwmidesma
da unetaresma ilia II sinodis sxdomaze daayena sakiTxi
moemzadebinaT yvela saWiro masala uwmidesi ambrosis wmin-
danad SeracxvisaTvis.
1995 wlis 18-19 seqtembers sveticxovlis sapatriarqo
taZarSi Sedga saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis ga-
farToebuli saeklesio kreba, romelic gaxsna uwmidesma da
unetaresma ilia II. patriarqma krebis monawileebs amcno
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida sinodis is-
toriuli gadawyvetileba erisa da eklesiis winaSe damsax-
urebisaTvis uwmidesi da unetaresi ambrosi Seracxil iqnas

139
wmindnTa dasSi ambrosi aRmsareblis saxeliT da misi xsenebis
dRed dawesda 16 (29) marti. roca am gadawyvetilebas acx-
adebda uwmidessa da unetares ilia II xma auTrTolda da
cremlebi moeria, es iyo Rirseuli winamorbedisadmi STa-
momavlobis saxeliT gamoTqmuli udidesi sinanulisa da
siyvarulis gamoxatuleba.
uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaToli-
kos-patriarqis ilia II locva kurTxeviT Seiqmna wm. ambro-
si aRmsareblis xatebi... aSenda wmindanis saxelze axali
taZrebi.
uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaToli-
kos-patriarqi ambrosi, ukve istoriis kuTvnilebaa. qarTve-
li eri arasodes ar daiviwyebs im saocari gmirobisa da
sulieri gautexlobis magaliTs, romelic wmida ambrosi
aRmsarebelma gamoiCina. misi locva da mfarveloba iqneba
Semwe bewvis xidze myof saqarTvelosaTvis, im saqarTvelo-
saTvis, romlis winaSe kvlav mwvaved dgas erovnuli TavisTa-
vadobisa da saxelmwifoebrivi damokidebulebis sakiTxi.
gvjera, Cveni gadarCenis da gamTlianebis, imisa, rom
qarTvel ers sxvaTa karnaxis gareSe SeeZleba gadawyvitos,
rogorc saxelmwifos ganviTarebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebani,
aseve politikuri orientaciis sakiTxi. dae bolo oci wlis
manZilze daRvrili sisxli iyos qarTuli saxelmwifoebrivi
da erovnuli cnobierebis simtkicisaTvis ukanasknelad gaRe-
buli msxverpli. rogorc uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II brZanebs: mwux-
arebas sixaruli mosdevs... Tu gadavxedavT Cvens warsuls,
Cvens istorias, davinaxavT, rom xSirad yofila saqarTvelo
gaZarcvuli da Seuracxyofili, yofila periodebi, roca
mters egona, rom daaCoqa da xerxemalSi gatexa Cveni qvey-
ana, amgram saqarTvelo kvlavac fexze wamomdgara, radgan
RmerTi ugzavnida did moRvaweebs, sulier mamebs, romelTa
locva da Sroma eweoda ers.~ (29, 362).

140
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi
uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II
1995 w.

141
wmida ambrosi aRmsarebeli

142
 dokumentebi

rogorc yazanidan gvatyobineben, wels yazanis sxvadasxva

umaRles saswavlebelSi swavla daumTavrebiaT Semdegs
qarTvelebs: m. mirianaSvils _ sabeiTlo institutSi, gor-
gaZesa da mRvdelmonazons ambrosis (eriskacobaSi xelaia)
_ sasuliero akademiaSi. mRvdelmonazons ambrosis dauwer-
ia Cinebuli sakandidato disertacia `Áîðüáà Õðèñòèàíñòâàñ
Èñëàìîì â Ãðóçèè~. profesor malovs uTxovnia diser-
tantisaTvis, Seavsos zogierTi Tavi am disertaciisada waradg-
inos igi magistris xarisxis mosapoveblad.
gaz. `iveria~. 1901 w. 14 ivlisi.

sosiko merkvilaZe
gulTazriani RvTismsaxuri

...mariamobisTvis 15-s nikorwmindidgan wavediT axlo-max-

lo mdebare adgilebis dasaTvaliereblad... mivediT monas-
terSi. jer wirva gamosuli ar iyo. WeliSis monasteri
RvTismSoblis saxelobazed aris agebuli da am dRes monas-
tris dReoba iyo _ mariamoba. xalxi blomad mosuliyo
axlo-maxlo soflebiTgan. mwirveli brZandeboda yazanis
akademia swavla damTavrebuli da dRes winamZRvari am monas-
trisa arqimandriti ambrosi Tavis krebuliT. wirvis Semdeg
mama ambrosim warmosTqva grZnobiT savse qadageba, romlis
gagonebamac mraval mlocvels sixarulis cremli mohgvara.
mama ambrosi _ sul weliwadi ar aris, rac aq winamZRvrad
gamoamweses, magram RvTisa da kacis moyvare adamianisaTvis
es mokle droc sakmao yofila, rom wrfelisguliT Seey-
varebia xalxs. amisTanas Sesaxeb Tqmula:
`ra kargia kargi kaci,
kargs saqmezed agebuli,
qveyana hyavs madlieri,

143
 sworis guliT mogebuli.~
axlo-maxlo soflebSi Cven imisTana kacs ar Sexvedri-
varT, romelic wrfelis guliT ar iyos gamsWvaluli mama
ambrosisadmi Rrma pativiscemiT da siyvaruliT.
_ rogoria, Zmobilo, Tqvenis udabnos axali winamZRvari?
_ vkiTxavdiT soflelebs.
_ rom ityvian, RvTis ena-piri asxiao, swored is aris.
ager, am xnis kaci gaxlavarT da jer magisTana aravin mosu-
la da arc mag dalocvilisnairi qadageba gagvigonia, _ iyo
pasuxi.
WeliSis udabnos garegani Sexeduleba da misi mdebareoba
cxadad dagarwmunebT, rom Cven gvyolia namdvili RvTis
mosavi da xalxis moyvare mamebi, romelTac kargad scodni-
aT salocavad da erisTvis samoRvaweod rogori alagia _
saWiro.
WeliSis monasteri Semokrulia uSvelebelis maRlis
mTebiT, arc gza aqvs axlos da arc kvali; Znelad misasvle-
lia. miudgomel mTebSi, rogorc CaSuqebuli sanTeli, sdgas
oblad patara monasteri WeliSisa, galavanSemozRuduli
qvitkiris kedliT da am monasterSi mavedrebel ZmaTa sax-
lebiT.
monastris galavans gareT mravali didroni nigvzis xee-
bia, patara vake, sxva bostneuloba iTeseba da didi auzic
kalmaxebisaTvis. mama ambrosim gviTxra, monasters zogi friad
Zvirfasi etratis xelnawerebic aqvs SesaniSnavis zed-war-
werebiT, magram daexiaT zogi maTgani viRac uvicebs da
wylis WurWlis Tav-dasacobad Turme hxmarobdeno.
rogorc umetes nawils Cvens udabno-monastrebSi, ise
WeliSSiac ar aris jerjerobiT rigianad mowyobili qarTu-
lis galobis saqme, Tumca aq, rogorc zeviTa vsTqviT, aTa-
mde beria Sevrdomili. es miT ufro samwuxaroa, rom mTeli
raWa am mxriv Zlier CamorCenilia saqarTvelos yvela kuTx-
eebs.
xSirad ikiTxaven xolme: imisTana morwmune erSi, rogoric

144
iyvnen dasabamiTve qarTvelebi, ram dascao ase Zlierad sar-
wmunoeba?
Cvenis azriT, Cvens xalxSi sarwmunoeba Seasusta iman,
rom axal-axal mRvdlebisagan aRar ismis aRarc cocxali
sityva, aRarc qadageba, aRarc galoba da aRarc darigeba.
magram darwmunebuli varT, WeliSis monasterSi mama am-
brosis mecadineobiT male eSveleba am satkivars. (2,5-7).

arqimandriti ambrosi
sityva warmoTqmuli 8 seqtembers sionis taZarSi
ilias panaSvidis win, me-2 saaTze

vkadnierdebi da vbedav mec am didebuli cxedris winaSe

vsTqva oriode sityva.
dRes mTeli saqarTvelos dastiris didebuli mamuliSvi-
lis cxedars. dRes saqarTvelom dahkarga udiadesi mgosani,
saucxovo da Tavdadebuli sazogado moRvawe, siamaye erovnu-
li literaturisa. ara gvyavs ilia grigolis Ze WavWavaZe, _
moWirnaxule Tavis erisa. is moikla barbarosebis binZuris
xeliT.
magram mokvda ki didebuli ilia? `iqmen morwmune vidre
sikvdiladmde, da mogce Sen gvirgvini igi cxovrebisao~
(gamocx. 2,10), gvibrZanebs Cven ufali, mociquli ioanne
RvTismetyvelis piriT da amiT gvisaxavs imas, Tu ranairi
unda viyoT Cven am qveynad, rom davimkvidroT saukuno gvir-
gvini ukvdavebisa. netaria is, vinc am qveynad pirnaTlad
asrulebs Tavis movaleobas, swams da Tavganwirulad emsax-
ureba simarTles, amas isaxavs moqmedeba-moRvaweobis safuZ-
vlad: `patiosan ars winaSe uflisa sikvdili~ amnairis ka-
cisa (fsal. 115.6). is ukvdavia misi namoqmedariT, misi xsov-
na ukunisamde darCeba madlier erSi. amisTana kaci sikvdil-
is Semdegac Tavisis namoqmedar-naRvawiT maswavlebeli da
damrigebelia, radgan, mociqulis TqmiT, is sikvdilis Sem-

145
degac metyvelebs (ebr. 11,4).
maSasadame ar momkvdara iliac; is cocxalia. is mxolod
gardaicvala sikvdilisagan cxovrebad. Tumca dasdumdnen
mWermetyvelebiT ganTqmulni bageni, magram saqmeni misni
mWermetyveluradve RaRadeben da iRaRadeben. is Tvisi naS-
rom-naRvawiT ukvdavad darCeba, sanam qarTveli eri iarse-
bebs. vityodi metsac: qarTveli eric rom gadagvardes, uku-
RmarT dro-garemoebaTa gamo, maSinac ar iqneba dakarguli
didebul mgosan-moRvawis xsovna, vinaiTgan am didebuli
saqarTvelos Svilis nawarmoebi ekuTvnis ara marto qarTv-
el ers, aramed mTel kacobriobas, romlis nawilsac Sead-
gens qarTveloba.
gansvenebuli didebulia Tavisi mravlamxrivi moRvaweo-
biT samSoblos sakeTildReod. misi Rvawlis sidiade aris
mizezi, rom ase mwared dastiris mas mTeli saqarTvelo.
magram, qarTvelno, ara dauviwyari didebuli iliaa saglo-
vo-satirali, aramed bedisagan ganwiruli Cveni samSoblo,
_ misi damkargveli. gana ar kmaroda, rac ukuRmarT dro-
viTarebam ubedureba dagvatexa Tavze, rom Cven TviTon auw-
ereli ubedureba ar migvematebia?! magram dasajerebeli kia,
es umagaliTo barbarosuli mkvleloba Caedinos saqarTve-
los Svils. Svils im saqarTvelosi, romlis Tavganwiru-
lad samsaxurSi gaatara gansvenebulma mTeli ormocdaaTi
weliwadi.
Tu ki es brali daedo qarTvelobas, maSin WeSmaritad
Cveni gaxrwnileba, zneobrivi dacema, veluroba, ukuRmarTo-
ba iqneba satirali. amas unda Rrmad CaufiqrdeT, Tu gvinda
davrCeT qarTvel erad. gansvenebuli ki netaria. man keTi-
lad ganvlo gza, misi navali da kvali waruSlelia, ekliani
gza gakafulia. is ukanasknel wuTamdis erTgulad emsaxure-
boda im idealebs, romlebic am naxevari saukunis winaT
airCia qarTveli eris sakeTildReod; erTis nabijiTac ar
gadauxvevia, ar uRalatnia maTTvis da amisaTvis, mociqulis
Tqmisaebr, gza ars misTvis `gvirgvini cxovrebisa~ (gamocx.

146
2,10), gvirgvini ukvdavebisa.
didebul gvamTa gardacvalebasac ki aqvs CvenTvis raime
mniSvneloba, isic uTuod rames gvaswavlis.miviCnioT es bar-
barosTagan daRvrili sisxli Cvens erovnul codvaTa ganm-
wmendad, ukuRmarT gzidan momqcevad, mTlad saqarTvelos
SvilTa SemaerTeblad, ganmamtkiceblad.
SevficoT am winamdebare cxedars, rom viqnebiT namdvili
aRmasrulebeli am mcnebisa, romelic gansvenebulma Tvisis
moRvaweobiT gvianderZa.
Tu Cven gveqneba erToba erovnul idealebis msaxurebaSi,
maSin ueWvelia Cveni samSoblo mxare SeiZlebs kidev war-
moSobis iliasebri didebuli moRvaweni da maSin ki sab-
olood ganixarebs gansvenebulis didebuli ukvdavi suli.
RmerTo maRalo da Zliero, gvakmare es ubedureba. es
iyos ukanaskneli msxverpli, samSoblos sakeTildReod da
CvenTan erovnul codvaTa saxsrad Sewiruli erovnul tra-
pezad. sidiade am msxverplisa Tavdebia, rom momavalSi Cveni
ukuRmarToba, Cveni Seugnebloba mospobil iqneba da erTo-
bilis ZaliT SevudgebiT pirnaTlad samsaxurs samSoblo
mxaris aRorZinebisas. Tu amnairi Rvawli dagvdo Cven am
msxverplis sisxlma, Tu Cven SegvaerTa mamulisaTvis Tavdadeb-
iT samsaxurisTvis es iqneba ukanaskneli WeSmaritad didi
Rvawli didebulis iliasi, _ misi xangrZlivi Sromis sa-
surveli nayofi da gvirgvini. Cvenis mxriTac es iqneba nam-
dvili valis moxda, misi anderZis aRsruleba da Tan saukeTeso
pativiscemac gansvenebulis xsovnisa. RmerTman mogvces amis
saSualeba.
saukunod iyos xseneba Seni, mamulisaTvis Tavdadebulo,
didebulo mgosano iliav!~ (12, 539).

147
 sityva warmoTqmuli dekanoz nikita TalakvaZis
mier sveticxovlis taZarSi 1917 wlis
12(25) marts

arc erT kulturul-istoriul ers ar dastexia despo-

tur ruseTisagan iseTi ubedureba da sulierad Tu qone-
brivad ganiaveba, rogorc Cven, _ qarTvelobas! ar vici,
romeli erTi daviCivlo, romeli erTi: Cveni damcireba Tu
Seuracxyofa aRvniSno?! ra gviyo despotiis momsaxure mox-
eleebma! ramdenjer agviwiokes ruseTTan Tavis nebiT, uf-
lebriv traqtatiT SekavSirebuli samSoblo! ramdenjer
mandili mohxades Cvens umanko dedebs, debs da Svilebs,
qveyanas namusi ahxades!.. ramdeni vaJkacni gamxdaran msxver-
plni ganukiTxav TviTnebobisa! ramden maTgans daulevia suli
despotis cixe-satusaRoebSi, ramdenTa ZvlebiT mokenWila
cimbiris katorRebi da tundra-Waobebi?! oh, usamarTlod
dasjilno, umanko msxverplno, Cveno mecxramete saukunis
dido mowmeno, netaro anton kaTalikozo, filadelfos kikna-
Zeno, dodaSvilno, ismineT Cveni Tqvendami oxvra da sulTq-
ma! exla mainc gaixareT suliT!
Semogvisies sxvadasxva erni!!! Camogvisaxles vigindarebi,
gaamefes erTa Soris siZulvili, Suri da damRupavi qiSpo-
ba, rom erTmaneTi amogveWama, raTa Cveni mziani, turfa da
tkbili samSoblo xelidgan gamogvcloda da maT darCeno-
daT...
esec ar gvakmares, Seexnen adamianis wmida-wmidas, _ sin-
disi SegvibRales, Cvens mxcovan sveticxovels gumbaTi gada-
umtvries, eklesias Tavi mosWres; samSoblodan gagvaZeves,
iq Cagvkles, Cagvasamares. iveriis samociqulo eklesias gen-
eral tormasovis gankargulebiT ruseTis sinodi daudgines
mmarTvelad egzarqosebis saSualebiT! ruseTis eklesia, _
es umcrosi dai iveriis eklesiisa _ batonad dagvidgines,
raTa debi erTmaneTisaTvis SeeZulebinaT. Selaxes da daar-
Rvies eklesiuri, msoflio krebaTagan dadgenili kanonebi.

148
 CamogvarTves Cveni ZvelisZveli siwminde-samlocveloe-
bi, taZar-monastrebi, Cveni mowamebrivi eris sisxliT aTasjer
morwyulni da maT kedlebze misxmul tviniT gapoxilni.
Cven ganmanaTlebel wm. ninos saTayvanebeli saflavic ki ar
daindes, CamogvarTves, vigindara moloznebs gadaces da Cve-
ni eris gadagvarebis bude-iaraRad dasaxes. gaZarcves xate-
bi, Zvirfasi samkaulebi, fuTobiT Tval-margaliti gazides,
gagvaRatakes 140 milionad Sefasebuli iveriis eklesiis
adgil-mamuli CamogvarTves da saxazinod Seracxes, ekle-
sias da mis msaxurT ki lukma dauZvires, gaaCanages, ekono-
miur monobaSi Cagvyares, raTa ufro advilad gavenadgure-
bieT.
esec ar gvakmares! zneobrivad imzom dagvaqveiTes qarTve-
li samRvdeloeba, rom sakuTari xeliT Cven TviTon vsCiC-
qnidiT Tvalebs uflebaayril deda-eklesias...
wagvkides erTmaneTs, dasTeses CvenSi iseTi RvarZli, rom
dResac am ganaxlebis da aRorZinebis momentSic ki ver
avmaRlebulvarT da Tavi ver dagviRwevia gamanadgurebel
intrigebisaTvis! samSoblodan gagviZeves saxelovani swav-
lulni, mxcovani ierarqi kirioni, gulwrfelni, faqizni da
simarTlisaTvis wamebulni _ episkoposni daviTi da arqiman-
driti ambrosi.
Cveni Zmani da Tanamwirvelni svavebiviT Sesevian Cvens
monastrebs da daurideblad RrRnian, krexaven! es daknineb-
uli mtaceblebi wiTel-yviTel jvar-mendlebiT da lent-
bant-orden-mitrebiT morTul-mokazmulni sicil-xarxaxiT
da udardelad dros tarebiT ufskrulSi miaqaneben mSob-
liur qveyanas da mis eklesias.
magram... CvenTan ars RmerTi! dahkra ganaxlebis, aRorZinebis
da Cveni eklesiis aRdginebis Jamma!.. vupatronoT mSobel
eklesias, romlis dedobriv kalTaSi aRizarda qarTveli
eris cnobili Zveli da axali qristianuli kultura. vupa-
tronoT sisxlSi ganbanil, mowamebriv SaravandediT mosil
iveriis eklesias!..

149
 Cveni eklesia mudam sinaTlis, simarTlis da sixarulis
mTesveli iyo, sanam mis majiscemas sxva ar daudga darajad.
is arasodes ar cdilobda erze gabatonebuliyo! Cvenma ek-
lesiam ar icis ra aris evropuli anu sinodaluri klerikal-
izmi, demokratiuli eris eklesia ar SeiZleba iyos sxva, Tu
ara devnilTa, maSvralTa da tvirTmZimeTa mzurveli deda...
ismine, ufalo, Segvewie Cveno saso RvTismSobelo, kvarTo
uflisao, mirono mcxeTisao, gvioxeT wmindanno nino, mirian
da nana, netarno kaTalikosno, mRvdelT-mTavarno, mefeno,
dedofalno da mamuliSvilno, aq gansvenebulno!.. vficavT,
arasodes dagaobloT, Cveno sveticxovelo!...
gaumarjos Tavisufal saqarTvelos da avtokefalur, jvaris
mtvirTvel iveriis eklesias!~ (14, 025995).

Tqveno uwmidesobav!

22 oqtombers CvenTvis samudamod samaxsovro dRes, roca

qarTvelma erma amdeni pativi dasdo saqarTvelosadmi Cems
mier siyvaruls da Cems mwerlur Sromas gaumarTa ormoci
wlis iubile, me Tqveni saxeliT momesalma mangleli
mRvdelmTavari.
maSin moklebuli viyavi saSaulebas, gadameca Cemi uRrme-
si madloba Tqveni uwmidesobisa da qarTveli samRvdeloeb-
is mimarT. axla ki am weriliT madlobas giZRvniT Tqven da
mTel qarTvel samRvdeloebas, romelmac pativi mca iu-
bileze daswrebiT da ase daafasa Cemi Sroma samwerlo as-
parezze. amasTan erTad minda davsZino, rom mTel Cems cx-
ovrebaSi bednierad vracx Tavs, rom davkavSirdi keTilSo-
bil qarTvel erTan. Cemi Rrma rwmenaa, rom qarTveli eri,
istoriulad ase tanjuli, daimkvidrebs kacobriobaSi im
adgils, romlis Rirsic aris misi aTaswlovani kultura,
rom es eri ganamtkicebs qristianul kulturas, romlis
apologetic iyo amden saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi, da rom-

150
lisTvisac amdeni wmida sisxli dauRvria, Tqveni uwmideso-
bis mociqulebrivi moRvaweoba aris amis sawindari.
Tqveni uwmidesobisa da qarTveli eris maradi pativism-
cemeli artur laisti 1922 w. (2, 35).

uwmides konstantinopolis patriarqs basil III, antio-

qiisa da sruliad aRmosavleTis patriarqis grigol III,
uwmides damianes ierusalimis patriarqs, uwmides nikolozs
aleqsandriis patriarqs.
gangebiTa RmrTisaiTa 1921 wlis ivlisis TerTmets gar-
daicvala saWeTmpyrobeli iveriis eklesiisa. kaTolikos-pa-
triarqi leonidi. imave wlis 5 seqtembers RvTiv gangrZno-
bilman krebaman morwmune erisa da samRvdelo dasisgan mTa-
varepiskoposad mcxeTisa da sruliad saqarTvelos kaToli-
kos-patriarqad aRirCia uRirseba Cemi.
vZrwi da vSiSob, raJams gulisxma vyof mZimesa mas uRel-
sa, romelic gangebaman RmrTisagan damakisra me, garna viTval-
iswineb ra iveriis eklesia saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi mudmi-
vad poulobda nugeSsa da daxmarebas erTmorwmune aRmosav-
leTis eklesiebidan.
vsasoeb, aseT Svelasa da daxmarebas dResac ar iqneba
moklebuli igi da gulSematkivari deda, aRmosavleTis ek-
lesia, zneobrivad axlac gauwvdis xels mas.~
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi.
1921 w.~ (12, 539).

151
 kulturul kacobriobas, genuis konferenciaze
warmodgenils

mona RvTisa ambrosi, sulieri mwyemsi da

patriarqi sruliad saqarTvelosa,
qristes mier siyvaruliT moikiTxavs

jer kidev winaqristianuls xanaSi, kavkasiis ZirSi, Savi-

sa da kaspis zRvebs Soris, qarTul modgmis tomebma Seqmnes
patara sivrciT, magram Zlieri nebisyofiT da aqtualuri
niWiT mdidari saxelmwifo, romelic cnobilia istoriaSi
saqarTvelos saxeliT da romelic saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi
erTaderTi matarebeli iyo wina aziaSi qristianuli kul-
turisa da evropuli humanizmisa.
meTvramete saukunis gasuls, gareSe mtrebTan brZolaSi
Zalamixdili qarTveli eri nebayoflobiT miekedla erTmor-
wmune ruseTs, im imediT, rom misi mfarvelobis qveS saqarTve-
lo uzrunvelhyofda Tavis politikursa da erovnul arse-
bobas, raica aSkarad aris aRniSnuli 1783 wlis saqarTve-
los mefis erekle meorisa da ruseTis imperatorica ekat-
erine meoris Soris dadebuls politikur traqtatSi, ma-
gram, samwuxarod, gacruebul imedebis amara darCenili Cemi
samSoblo 117 wlis ganmavlobaSi ruseTis biurokratiisagan
ganicdida mxolod mwvave despotiasa da autanel Seviwrovebas.
amitom 1917 wels erma gamoacxada damoukidebloba da dauy-
ovnebliv xeli mohkida Tavisi politikuri da erovnul-
kulturuli cxovrebis restavracias. miuxedavad imisa, rom
am muSaobaSi mas aferxebdnen Sinauri da gareSe mtrebi, man
gamoiCina iseTi niWi da erovnuli SemoqmedebiTi energia,
rom sami wlis Semdeg ganaTlebulma evropam scno misi
saxelmwifoebrivi unari da adgili uboZa saqarTvelos
damoukidebel, suverenul-politikur erTeulTa Soris.
rasakvirvelia, amas ver Seurigdeboda misi yofili batoni,
mcire erTa mCagvreli ruseTi: man dasZra saqarTvelos

152
sazRvrebisken saokupacio armia da 1921 wlis 25 Tebervals
usworo brZolaSi sisxlidan daclili saqarTvelos xelme-
ored daadga kiserze iseTi mZime da samarcxvino monobis
uReli, romlis msgavsi mas ar ganucdia Tavis mravalsauku-
novan istoriaSi. okupantebi, marTalia, lamoben Sin da ga-
reT yvelani daarwmunon, rom maT gaanTavisufles da gaabed-
nieres qarTvelebi, magram ramdenad bednierad hgrZnobs Tavs
qarTveli eri, es yvelaze ukeT vuwyi me. misma sulierma
mamam da dRes dReobiT erTaderTma namdvilma moZRvarma,
romlis xelSia am eris gulidan gamomavali idumali Zafebi
da romelsac uSualod esmis misi kvnesa da vaeba. Tamamad da
gauzviadeblad vambob, rom is yovlad Seuferebeli eqsper-
imentebi, romelsac axdenen qarTveli eris zurgze, aucile-
blad miiyvans mas fizikurad gadaSenebis da sulierad gav-
elurebis da gaxrwnis karamde! ers arTmeven mama-papaTa sisx-
liT da ZvlebiT gapoxierebul miwa-tyes, romelsac ucxo-
eTidan SemoxiznulT urigeben; maTi wyalobiT isedac ga-
Ratakebul ers piridan hglejen misi sisxliTa da ofliT
moweul sarCos da gaugebaris siCqariT imav ucxoeTSi miez-
idebian. ers ugmoben da arTmeven mSobliur enas, mas ubil-
waven mamapapur erovnul kulturas; dasasrul, ubRalaven
wmindaTa-wmindas, sarwmunoebriv grZnobas da sindisis Tavisu-
flebis droSis qveS, nebas ar aZleven Tavisuflad daikmay-
ofilos religiuri moTxovnileba; misi samRvdeloeba uki-
duresad devnilia; misi eklesia, es Zvelis ZvelTave faq-
tori saqarTvelos erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi amaRlebisa
da Zlierebisa, dRes ufleba ayrilia, imdenad, rom nebac ki
ara aqvs Tavisi SromiT, garjilobiT da unariT moipovos
mudmivi saxsari arsebobisa. erTi sityviT, eri gminavs, ma-
gram saSualeba ara aqvs xmis amoRebisa. amgvar pirobebSi
Cems mwyemsmTavrul movaleobada vracx kulturuli kaco-
briobis gasagonad vsTqva: me rogorc eklesiis warmomad-
geneli, ar Sevdivar politikuri cxovrebis sxvadasxva forme-
bis dafasebasa da reglamentaciaSi. magram ar SemiZlia ar

153
visurvo Cemi erisTvis iseTi wyobileba, romelic Sedare-
biT ufro metad Seuwyobs xels mis fizikur aRorZinebas
da kulturulad ganviTarebas. amitom viTxov: 1. dauyovnebliv
gayvanil iqnes saqarTvelos sazRvrebidan ruseTis saokupa-
cio jari da uzrunvelyofili iqnes misi miwa-wyali ucx-
oelTa TareSobisa da mZlavroba-mitacebisagan. 2. saSualeba
mieces qarTvel ers TviTon, sxvaTa Zaldautanebliv da ukar-
naxod moawyos Tavisi cxovreba ise, rogorc es mas unda,
SeimuSaos iseTi formebi social-politikuri cxovrebisa,
rogoric mis fsiqikas, suliskveTebas, zne-Cveulebas da
erovnul-kulturas Seesabameba.
sruli imedi maqvs, rom maRal pativcemuli konferencia,
romelsac miznad dausaxavs gaarkvios udidesi problemebi
kacobriobis cxovrebisa da daamyaros qveyanaze samarTlianoba
da Tavisufleba, ar ugulebelhyofs patara saqarTvelos
elementarul moTxovnilebas, dRes Cemis piriT warmoTqmuls,
da daixsnis mas Zalmomreobisa da samarcxvino monobis klan-
Webidan.
kurTxeva uflisa iyos Tqvenzeda da Tqvens keTilSobil-
ur miswrafebasa da muSaobaze.

mdabali ambrosi, patriarqi sruliad saqarTveloisa,

7/II-22 w. tfilisi~ (16, 516).

aleqsandre manveliSvili
ambrosi Tavdadebuli

1922 wels saqarTveloSi, kerZod svaneTsa da xevsureT-

Si, brZolebi mimdinareobda sabWoTa xelisuflebis winaaRm-
deg. es mTelma qveyanam icoda. bolSevikebi Seecadnen genuis
konferenciis gaxsnamde am ajanyebis likvidacia moexdinaT,
magram ver SeZles da swored am dros genuis konferen-
ciaze gaisma xma saqarTvelos kaTolikosisa, ambrosis memo-

154
randumis saxiT. saqarTvelos kaTolikosma Tavi gaswira sam-
SoblosaTvis da Seqmnil jojoxeTur pirobebSi, Tbilisidan
xma miawoda konferencias. memorandumSi dawvrilebiT aris
aRwerili saqarTvelos ubeduri mdgomareoba da ganaTlebu-
li kacobriobisagan moiTxovs daxmarebas. memorandumi wak-
iTxul iqna konferenciaze, ramac didi STabeWdileba moaxdina.
garedan moqmedebda saqarTvelos araoficialuri delegacia,
romelsac cda ar dauklia rom saqarTvelos sakiTxSi mTe-
li msoflio TanagrZoba da daxmareba moepovebina~ (2, 39).

prof. korneli kekeliZis Cveneba sasamarTloze

memorandumis Sinaarss vicnob, Cemi SexedulebiT saekle-

sio kanonebis mixedviT kaTolikos ambrosis hqonda misi
gagzavnis ufleba. amis magaliTebi bevria saqarTvelos war-
sulSi. kaTolikos ambrosis vicnob rogorc Cinebul pub-
licists. mixedviT misi werilobiTi gamosvlebisa ruseTis
sinodis winaaRmdeg da agreTve sxva mecnieruli naSromebiT.
kidev amas davumatebdi, rom is gulaxdili da patiosani
kacia. (16, 300).

saqarTvelos sagangebo komisiis (`Cekas~)

moxsenebidan

`kaTolikosi ambrosi da sakaTalikoso sabWos wevrebi ar

dakmayofildnen genuis konferenciaze kontrrevoluciuri
mowodebiT da ganagrZnobdnen saqarTvelos sabWoTa respub-
likis winaaRmdeg mimarTul politikas, rac gamoixata ima-
Si, rom 1923 wlis 9 ianvars sakaTalikoso sabWo, romlis
Tavmjdomare iyo kaTolikosi ambrosi. mas saxalxo komisar-
Ta sabWom gaugzavna telefonograma. imis Sesaxeb, rom saxko-
msabWos #68-e dadgenilebiT respublikis teritoriaze

155
arsebuli samxedro taZrebi gadaeca komunisturi axalgazr-
dobis kavSirs da amitom evaleba sabWos gaugzavnos imave
ianvars 10-s pirvel saaTze Tavisi ori warmomadgeneli Si-
nagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariatSi. Tbilisis samxedro
taZrebis mRvdelmsaxurebis da sxva sagnebis Casabareblad.
am telefonogramis sapasuxod sakaTalikoso sabWom kaTo-
likos ambrosis TavmjdomareobiT aseTi dadgenileba gam-
oitana. Zalisa gamo 1921 wlis #21 dekretisa, ver scno
TavisaTvis SesaZleblad dasTmos Tbilisis wmida giorgis
(yofili samxedro) taZari ara sarwmunoebrivi miznebisaTvis...
amgvarma gamolaSqrebebma kidev erTxel naTelyo is, rom
sakaTalikoso sabWos kaTolikos ambrosis meTaurobiT au-
Ria Seurigebeli gezi saqarTvelos sabWoTa respublikis
mimarT. (16, 300, 36).

saqarTvelos ssr sagangebo komisiis Tavmjdomares

moq. k. cincaZes

`gaaxlebT ra amasTanave Cem mier aRTqmul werils, maqvs

pativi gTxovoT gasceT gankarguleba, rom Tu saWiro ar
iqneba piradad Tqven mier Cemi naxva, nu inebebT Cems dabare-
bas, gansakuTrebiT im saxiT, rogorc adgili hqonda dRes:
movida ubaraToT erTi ymawvili da gadasca Cems msaxurs
dauyovnebliv gamovcxadebuliyavi komisiaSi.~
kaTalikosi ambrosi, 1922 w. 26 ivnisi. (16, 516).

saqarTvelos ssr Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisars

`ukve mesame kvira gadis, rac dapatimrebulni arian sakaTa-

likoso sabWos sami wevri, mec akrZaluli maqvs binidan
gasvla, mTxovnelebis miReba da maSasadame Cemi movaleobis
aRsruleba, iqmneba uxerxuli mdgomareoba, gTxovT daaCqar-
156
oT saqmis gamoZieba, rom rac SeiZleba male bolo moeRos
gaurkvevel da arasasurvel mdgomareobas~.
kaTolikosi ambrosi. 1923 weli. 20 ianvari. (16, 516).

saqarTvelos ssr sagangebo komisiis Tavmjdomares

`Cemi patimruli cxovrebis pirobebSi sionis taZris ezoSi

gadasaxlebiT ramdenadme gamoicvala. sakaTolikoso saxlSi
mqonda karis eklesia, sadac SemeZlo wirva-locvis Ses-
ruleba, axla ki karis eklesia ara maqvs. da amisaTvis gTx-
ovT rac SeiZleba daCqarebiT momceT ganmarteba, maqvs Tu
ara ufleba kvira uqme dReebSi Sevasrulo wirva-locva
sionis sakaTedro taZarSi.~
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi. 1923 w.
8 ivlisi. (16, 516).

metexis cixis ufross

gTxovT miSuamdgomloT visTanac jer ars, rom viqne ga-

dayvanili sagubernio cixeSi iq moTavsebuli dapatimrebul
samRvdelo pirebTan erTad.
kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi

saq. uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares

kaTolikos-aptriarq ambrosis gancxadeba

vinaidan Cemi saqmis garCeva, rogorc gazeTma gvacnoba

dainiSneba ama Tvis meore naxevarSi da radganac daskvniTi
dadgenileba ukve Cambarda vTxov sasamarTlos: 1. daminiS-
nos damcvelebi, 2. momeces saSualeba gamoZiebis masalebis
gaTvaliswinebisa, 3. mieces Cems Svilebs Cemi naxvis ufle-
157
ba. 4. momeces neba mivide Cems binaze. Cemi piradi arqividan
im masalebis amoRebisa, romelic gaamyarebs genuis konfer-
enciaze gamogzavnil debulebebs.

saqarTvelos respublikis sagangebo komisiis

(~Cekas~) Tavmjdomares

ama Tvis 13-Si me viyav mowveuli Tqven mier sagangebo

komisiaSi. Cvenebis CamosarTmevad Cems mier genuis konfer-
enciaze gagzavnili memorandumis gamo.
me vfiqrobdi, rom Cemi ganmarteba damakmayofilebeli
iqneboda saqmis saTanado msvlelobisaTvis, magram Tqven mier
daniSnulma gamomZiebelma qavJaraZem momiwvia sagangebo ko-
misiaSi da momTxova davasabuTo memorandumSi aRniSnuli
debulebani. amis gamo saWirod vracx ganvacxado Semdegi.
saqarTvelo damoukidebeli iyo 1918-1921 wlebSi. igi icno
ruseTma 1920 wlis 7 maisis xelSekrulebiT. miuxedavad
amisa 1921 wlis TebervalSi ruseTis jarebma gadmolaxa
saqarTvelos sazRvrebi da moaxdina qveynis okupacia, mospo
qarTveli eris suverenoba. am garemoebas mohyva saqarTve-
los daqucmaceba misi erTi nawili gadaeca azerbaijans,
meore somxeTs, mesame axladSeqmnil avtonomiur oseTs. calke
respublikebis saxiT gamoeyo afxazeTi da aWara. saqarTve-
los rkinigza SeuerTda ruseTisas, saqarTvelos jari gaiTqv-
ifa ruseTisaSi, qarTuli ena ganidevna saxelmwifo dawese-
bulebebidan.~
kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi. (16, 516).

158
 nawyveti 1924 wlis martSi gamarTuli sasa-
marTlo sxdomis oqmidan

mosamarTle wivwivaZe _ romel enaze iyo dawerili memo-

randumi?
kaTolikosi ambrosi _ qarTul enaze.
mosamarTle baraTaSvili _ ra xasiaTi hqonda Tqvens mem-
orandums?
kaTolikosi ambrosi _ genuis konferenciaze iyo saqarTve-
los warmomadgeneli da iq unda daculiyo Cveni eris suv-
erenoba. vfiqrobdi, rom Cvens warmomadgenels es memoran-
dumi daxmarebas gauwevda da mec amitom gavgzavne.
baraTaSvili iyo Tu ara SemTxveva, rom mRvdlebi propa-
gandas eweodnen arsebuli xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg?
kaTolikos ambrosi _ ara, ar iyo. da rom yofiliyo me
winaaRmdegi wavidodi.
prokurori okujava _ Tu sabWoTa wyobileba ara, rogor
wyobilebas iTxovdiT?
kaTolikosi ambrosi. iseTs, romelic xalxis survilze
iqneboda damyarebuli.
prokurori okujava _ xom iciT, rom sabWoTa mTavrobis
xalxi irCevs?
kaTolikosi ambrosi. axla vici. pirveli yrilobis Sem-
deg, memorandumis daweramde ase ar iyo.
mosamarTle erqomaiSvili. ra moelodi genuis konferen-
ciaze gagzavnili memorandumiT?
kaTolikosi ambrosi _ vicavdi saqarTvelos saxlmwifoe-
briv da eklesiur Tavisuflebis ideas.
mosamarTle _ risTvis iTxovdiT saqarTvelodan wiTeli
armiis gayvanas, romelic mSromeli xalxis interesebis dam-
cvelia?
kaTolikosi ambrosi _ pasuxobs, rom man dResac ar icis,
vis interesebs icavs wiTeli laSqari, rom rodesac is
wiTeli laSqris gayvanas iTxovda. mas hqonda mxedvelobaSi

159
intervencia, radganac intervencia xdeba jaris saSualebiT.
kiTxvaze _ rodis iyo saqarTvelo Tavisufali adre Tu
wiTeli laSqris Semosvlamde braldeboda kaTolikosi upa-
suxebs: wiTeli laSqris Semosvlamde. mas Semdeg ki, rac
wiTeli laSqari Semovida saqarTvelos damoukidebloba
daikarga. da rom misi azriT xalxic ase fiqrobda.
SekiTxvaze: raSi xedavs kaTolikosi morwmuneTa intere-
sebis Selaxvas da rodis iyo Selaxuli sarwmunoebrivi
interesebi eklesiisa, kaTolikosi pasuxobs: sarwmunoebas
nikoloz II icavda, magram me maSinac vibrZodi da exlac
vitanjvi. Cemi dakvirvebiT sabWoTa xelisufleba Telavda
sarwmunoebriv interesebs, amaSin me darwmunebuli viyavi
da es gamarTlda kidec.
sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare CxeiZe: memorandumSi Tqven naTq-
vami gaqvT, rom qarTvel xalxs arTmeven miwa-wyals da urige-
ben sxva erebs, damisaxeleT ra waarTves xalxs da vis gada-
sces?
kaTolikosi ambrosi: aramcTu miwa-wyali, xalxic gada-
cemulia sxva erebze. es damtkicdeba maSin, rodesac moitanT
saqarTvelos rukas.
Tavmjdomare: Tqven ambobT, rom winaaRmdegi xarT ucxo
saxelmwifos Carevisa da TviTon ki iseT xalxs mimarTavT,
romelnic mSromeli xalxis interesebs ar icaven!
kaTolikosi ambrosi: genuaSi iyo mowveuli samSvidobo
konferencia, sadac sxvaTa Soris, irCeoda patara erebis
Tavisuflebis saqme. iq iyo wasuli saqarTvelos warmomad-
geneli da me darwmunebuli viyavi, rom is daicavda saqarTve-
los damoukiodeblobas. amitom vfiqrobdi memorandumis gziT
mis daxmarebas.
sasamarTlos wevri rTvelaZe _ scnobT Tu ara, rom sab-
WoTa xelisufleba aris xalxis Tavisuflebis damcveli?
kaTolikosi ambrosi: me minda saqarTveloSi mTavroba iyos
damoukidebeli. saqarTvelos mTavroba ki damokidebulia sxva
eris mTavrobaze.

160
 prokurori okujava: damisaxeleT, romeli sabuTis ZaliT
waerTva saqarTvelos damoukidebloba?
kaTolikosi ambrosi: intervenciiT.
prokurori okujava: ratom uwodebT ruseTis laSqars
saokupacio laSqars?
kaTolikosi ambrosi: imitom, rom man moaxdina saqarTve-
los okupacia.
prokurori okujava: raSi gamoixata saqarTvelos damone-
ba ruseTis mxriv?
kaTolikosi ambrosi: asoci wlis Tavisuflebis da
damoukideblobis maZebar xalxis Tavisuflebis intervenci-
iT warTmevaSi.
prokurori okujava: damisaxeleT, raSi gamoixata fiz-
ikuri gadaSeneba xalxisa?
kaTolikosi ambrosi: enis devnaSi, teritoriis sxvis xe-
lSi gadacemaSi da imaSi, rodesac xelisufleba qarTvelTa
xelSi ar aris.
sasamarTlos wevri erqomaiSvili: magaliTad raSi gam-
oixata ruseTis jaris Careva eklesiis TavisuflebaSi?
kaTolikosi ambrosi: Tavisufal ers unda hyavdes Tavis-
ufali jari, ramdenadac Tavisufalia eri, imdenad Tavisu-
falia eklesiac. (16, 300).

saokupacio xelisuflebis dekreti #21

saxelmwifodan eklesiis da eklesiidan skolis gamoy-

ofis Sesaxeb:
1) sarwmunoeba kerZo saqmea yovelive moqalaqisa. yovel
moqalaqes SeuZlian aRiaros esa Tu is sarwmunoeba, an ar
aRiaros srulebiT araviTari sarwmunoeba.
2) mikuTvneba ama Tu im sarwmunoebisadmi ar qmnis mo-
qalaqesaTvis raime upiratesobas an privilegias.

161
 3) eklesia gamoyofilia saxelmwifosagan.
4) akrZalulia gamocema yovelgvar iseT adgilobriv kanon-
ebisa da dadgenilebaTa, romelTac SeuZliaT sindisis Tavisu-
flebis Seviwroeba an da SezRudva. yovelgvari uflebrivi
SezRudva, dakavSirebuli ama Tu im sarwmunoebis aRiare-
basTan an da sazogado sarwmunoebis uaryofasTan. gauqmebulia.
SeniSvna. yvela oficialuri aqtebis Sesrulebis dros
ama Tu im sarwmunoebisadmi mikuTvnebis dasaxeleba uaryo-
filia.
5) saxelmwifoebriv da sxva sazogadoebriv uflebriv
dawesebulebaTa moqmedebas araviTari religiuri wesebis da
ceremoniebis Sesruleba Tan ar axlavs.
6) Tavisufali Sesruleba religiuri wesebisa uzrunve-
lyofilia imdenad, ramdenad isini ar arRveven sazogadoe-
briv wesrigs da ar warmoadgenen moqalaqeTa uflebebis
Selaxvis cdas. adgilobriv xelisuflebas ufleba aqvs mi-
iRos aseT SemTxvevaSi saTanado zomebi sazogadoebriv wes-
rigis da mSvidobianobis uzrunvelsayofad.
7) aravis ar SeuZlian Tavisi religiur Sexedulebebze
dayrdnobiT mxari auxvios Tavis moqalaqobriv movaleobaTa
Sesrulebas. gamonaklisi erTi moqalaqobrivi movaleobis
meoreTi Secvlis pirobiT daSveba yovel kerZo SemTxvevaSi
saxalxo sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT.
8) sarwmunoebrivi fici ispoba, aucilebel SemTxvevaSi
unda dadebul iqnas mxolod sazeimo aRTqma.
9) moqalaqobrivi viTarebis aqtebi warmoebul unda iqnas
mxolod samoqalaqo xelisuflebis mier, saxeldobr, mo-
qalaqeobriv viTarebis aRnusxvis ganyofilebis saSualebiT.
10) skola gamoyofilia eklesiisagan.
11) sarwmunoebrivi sagnebis swavleba yvela saxelmwifo,
sazogado da agreTve kerZo saswavleblebSi, sadac gadian
sazogado ganaTlebis sagnebs, daSvebuli ar aris. moqalaqeT
SeuZlianT aswavlon da iswavlon sarwmunoebrivi sagnebi
kerZoT.

162
 12) yvela saeklesio da religiuri sazogadoebebi emor-
Cilebian saerTo wesebs Sesaxeb kerZo sazogadoebebisa da
kavSirebisa da ar sargebloben araviTar upiratesobiT da
subsidiiT arc saxelmwifosa da arc misi adgilobriv an
sxvagvar avtonomiur da TviTmarTvel dawesebulebidan.
13) arc iZulebiTi gadasaxadebi saeklesio da religiur
sazogadoebaTa sasargeblod, agreTve arc ZaldatanebiT an
damsjeli zomebi am sazogadoebebis mxriv maTive TanawevrTa
mimarT ar SeiZleba daSvebul iqnas.
14) saeklesio da religiur sazogadoebebs ar aqvT neba
kerZo sakuTrebis flobisa, agreTve iuridiuli pirovnebis
uflebasac moklebuli arian.
15) saqarTvelos respublikaSi arsebuli saeklesio da
religiur sazogadoebaTa mTeli qoneba cxaddeba saxalxo
sakuTrebaT.
Senobebi da sagnebi, romelnic daniSnulni arian spe-
cialurad saRvTisamsaxuro miznebisaTvis, ufasod eZlevaT
saxmareblad saTanado sarwmunoebriv sazogadoebebs cen-
tralur an da adgilobriv saxelmwifoebrivi xelisufleb-
is gansakuTrebuli dadgenilebiT.
eklesiis saxelmwifodan da skolis eklesiidan gamoy-
ofis dekretis Sesaxeb instruqcia saxalxo komisariatis
mier gamoqveynebuli iqneba calke.
s. s. s. r. revkomis Tavmjdomaris moadgilem oraxelaS-
vili.
revkomis mdivani S. gabriCiZe.
1921 w. aprilis 15 dResa.
tfilisi_sasaxle.

163
 sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis gansakuTrebuli naw-
ilis, Tavi III, saxelmwifosagan eklesiis CamoSore-
bis wesis darRveva.

123. mosatyuebeli moqmedebis Cadena xalxSi crumorwmu-

noebis aRsaZravad, agreTve amiT raime sargeblobis mosa-
poveblad gamoiwvevs Tavisuflebis aRkveTas erT wlamde an
amave vadiT iZulebiT muSaobas.
124. swavleba mcirewlovanTa da ara srulwlovanTaTvis
religiuri moZRvrebisa saxelmwifo an kerZo saswavlebel-
sa da skolaSi gamoiwvevs iZulebiT muSaobas erT wlamde.
125. yovelive Zaldataneba saeklesio da religiuri or-
ganizaciisa da jgufis sasargeblod gadasaxadis akrefis
dros gamoiwvevs iZulebiT muSaobas eqvs Tvemde, adgilo-
briv sabWosTan xelSekrulebis dadebis uflebis CamorT-
meviT or wlamde RvTismsaxurebisaTvis saWiro qonebisa da
Senobis moxmarebis Sesaxeb da organizaciis qonebis kon-
fiskaciiT.
126. miTviseba religiuri an saeklesio organizaciis mier
saadministracio, samosamarTlo an saqveyno samarTlis xas-
iaTis sxva funqciisa an da iuridiuli pirovnebis uflebisa
gamoiwvevs iZulebiT muSaobas eqvs Tvemde aRniSnuli orga-
nizaciis likvidaciiT da misi qonebis konfiskaciiT.
127. Sesruleba saxelmwifo an sazogadoebriv dawese-
bulebasa da sawarmoSi religiuri wesisa, agreTve moTavse-
ba am SenobaSi raime religiuri gamoxatulebisa gamoiwvevs
iZulebiT muSaobas sam Tvemde an jarimis 300 maneTamde (c.
a. l-is 1925 w. oqtombris 6 dadg. # 45 (kan. kr. 1925 w. #
3, mux. 68)).
128. xelis SeSla religiuri wesis asrulebisaTvis, ukeTu
es wesi ar daarRvevs sazogadoebriv wesierebas, da mis
Sesrulebas Tan ara sdevs moqalaqeTa uflebis Selaxva,
gamoiwvevs iZulebiT muSaobas eqvs Tvemde.

164
 moqalaqobrivi mdgomareobis aqtebis Sesaxeb
Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariatis ganmarteba
cirkuliari #66
moqalaqobrivi mdgomareobis aqtebis
registraciis damoukideblad samRvdelo
pirTa mier sarwmunoebrivi wesebis
Sesrulebis uflebis Sesaxeb

moqalaqeobrivi mdgomareobis aqtebis Camwer adgilobrivi

organoebis SekiTxvebis gamo, akrZaluli aqvT Tu ara sam-
Rvdelo pirT sarwmunoebrivi wesebis (monaTvla, dasafla-
veba, jvris wera da sxva) Sesruleba ama Tu im moqalaqo-
brivi mdgomareobis aqtis `mmaC~-is organoSi registracia-
Si gatarebamde, Sinagan saqmeTa da iusticiis saxalxo ko-
misariatebi ganmartaven:
`eklesiis saxelmwifosagan gamoyofis~ dekretis Tanax-
mad samRvdelo pirTa mier sarwmunoebrivi wesebis Ses-
ruleba aris kerZo saqme da ramdenad am wesebis Sesruleba
ar ewinaaRmdegeba momqmed kanonmdeblobas da ar arRvevs
arsebul wesrigs, samRvdelo pirT ufleba aqvT Seasrulon
igi Tavisuflad, yovelgvar Seviwroebis gareSe.
aRniSnulis gamo samRvdelo pirT SeuZliaT Seasrulon
monaTvla, jvris wera, dasaflaveba da sxva sarwmunoebrivi
wesebi dabadebis qorwinebisa da gardacvalebis aqtebis reg-
istraciaSi gatarebamde, amave dros, radganac saqarTvelos
s. s. r. kanonmdeblobiT moqalaqobrivi mdgomareobis aqteb-
is amonaweris gacema mikuTvnebuli aqvT `mmaC~-is orga-
noebs.

165
 dadgenileba #42
sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centraluri
aRmasrulebeli komitetis prezidiumisa da
saqarTvelos soc. sabW. resp. saxalxo komisarTa
sabWosi
miwis kodeqsis me-9 muxlis Secvlis Sesaxeb

sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa me-2 mowvevis centraluri

aRmasrulebeli komitetis me-2 sesiis 1924 wl. martis 10
TariRisa da 77 #2 dadgenilebis me-2 muxlis Tanaxmad,
sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centraluri aRmasrulebeli
komitetis prezidiumi da saqarTvelos s. s. r. saxalxo
komisarTa sabWo adgenen:
miwis kodeqsis me-9 muxli Seicvalos Semdegnairad:
`miwis sargeblobis ufleba soflis meurneobis sawar-
moeblad aqvs saqarTvelos socialisturi sabWoTa respub-
likis yvela moqalaqes (ganurCevlad sqesisa, erovnebisa da
sarwmunoebisa), vinc moisurvebs miwis sakuTaris SromiT
damuSavebas.
moqalaqe, romelic moisurvebs miwis miRebas Tavisi SromiT
dasamuSaveblad, miiRebs miwas miwadmoqmedebis saxalxo ko-
misariatis saTanado organosagan, ukeTu am organos moe-
poveba soflis meurneobisaTvis gamosadegi saTadarigo mi-
wis fondi.
sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centraluri aRmasrule-
beli komitetis Tavmjdomare f. maxaraZe.
saqarTvelos soc. sabW. resp. saxalxo komisarTa sabWos
Tavmjdomare _ S. eliava.
sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centraluri aRmasrule-
beli komitetis mdivani _ s. Todria.
1925 w. seqtembris 21
tfilisi _ sasaxle.
`komunisti~, 1925 w. # 222 seqtembris 27.

166
 ganmarteba
sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centraluri
aRmasrulebeli komitetisa, saqarTvelos soc.
sabW. respublikis miwis kodeqsis me-9 da 82
mux. Sefardebis Sesaxeb.

saqarTvelos soc. sabW. respublikis miwis kodeqsis me-9

mux. Secvlis gamo. sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa cen-
traluri aRmasrulebeli komiteti auqmebs miwis kodeqsis
me-9 da 82 muxlis Sesaxeb 1924 w. ivnisis 4-s TariRiT
gamocemul Tavis ganmartebas da xelaxlad ganmartavs.
1. kultis msaxurs da mis ojaxis wevrs miwa miecema
saerTo wesiT (miw. kod. me-9 da Semdegi muxlebi), amasTanave
sakiTxs miwis micemis Sesaxeb gadaswyvets samazro saadg-
ilmamulo organo.
ukeTu Txovna Tavisufali an saTadarigo miwebidan xe-
laxla miwis gacemis Sesaxeb, Semova erTsa da imave dros
kultis msaxurisa da iseTi moqalaqisagan, romelic mSromel
miwaTmomqmed mosaxleobas ekuTvnis da romelic kultis
msaxuri ar aris, pirvel rigSi miwiT dakmayofilebul unda
iqnes zemoxsenebuli moqalaqe.
is kultis msaxuri da misi ojaxis wevri, romelsac
miwis nakveTi ukve aqvs faqtiur Sromis sargeblobaSi, Sein-
arCunebs miwad sargeblobis uflebas sxva mSromel miwad-
mosargebleebTan Tanabrad, SemdegSiac mas miwa SeiZleba
CamoerTvas mxolod im wesiT da im SemTxvevaSi, rac kanon-
Sia aRniSnuli. amasTanave mRvdelmsaxurebisaTvis gasamrje-
los miReba miwiT sargeblobis uflebas kultis msaxurs ar
uspobs.
2. imave kodeqsis 82 muxli, romliTac saqarTvelos soc.
sabW. respublikis yvela moqalaqes, visac ki soflad mud-
mivi calke mosaxleoba aqvs, unda dautovos samosaxlo ad-
gili, imisda miuxedavad, aqvs mas Tu ara miwiT Sromis
ufleba, _ hgulisxmobs agreTve religiuri kultis msax-
167
urTac saerTod.
sruliad saq. sabW. centr. aRmasr. komit. Tavmjd. f. maxaraZe.
sruliad saq. sabW. centr. aRmasr. komit. mdivani s. Todria.

dadgenileba #124
sruliad saqarTvelos centraluri aRnasrulebe-
li komitetisa eklesiebis gaxsna da religiur
sazogadoebaTa registraciis wesis Sesaxeb

raTa mtkiced ganxorcielebul iqnes ZiriTadi kanoni

saxelmwifosagan eklesiis CamoSorebis Sesaxeb (1921 w. apri-
lis 15-sa da 21 #-ris dekreti), romliTac saqarTvelos
soc. sabW. respublikis moqalaqeTaTvis uzrunvelyofilia
sarwmunoebisa da religiuri kultis Tavisuflad asrule-
ba, sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centraluri aRmasrule-
beli komiteti adgens:
1) gauqmebul iqnes yvela momqmedi dadgenileba, instru-
qcia da administratiuli gankarguleba, rac Seexeba re-
ligiur sazogadoebaT da zRudavs saqarTvelos soc. sabW.
respublikis moqalaqeTa mier religiuri kultis Tavisu-
flad asrulebas.
2) SemoRebul iqnes qvemod aRniSnuli wesi eklesiebisa
da samlocvelo saxlebis gaxsnisa da saqarTvelos soc.
sabW. respublikis moqalaqeTa xelSi sargeblobisaTvis ga-
dacemisa, romelTa gadacemis Sesaxeb xelisuflebis adgi-
lobriv organoebTan SeTanxmeba jer ar momxdara; eseve wesi
SemoRebul iqnes agreTve winad daxuruli eklesiebisa da
samlocvelo saxlebis gaxsnisa da gadacemisaTvis, xolo
igi ar vrceldeba im samxedro taZrebze, rac saxelmwifo da
sazogadoebriv organizaciebs gadaeca saqarTvelos soc. sabW.
respublikis saxalxo komisarTa sabWos 1923 w. ianvars 8
TariRiT da 68 nomriT gamocemuli dadgenilebis ZaliT:
a) saqarTvelos soc: sabW. respublikis moqalaqeT Seu-

168
ZlianT miiRon sargeblobisaTvis Tavisi sarwmunoebis taZrebi
da samlocvelo saxlebi, agreTve RvTismsaxurebisa da re-
ligiuri wesebisaTvis mikuTvnebuli qoneba, risTvisac unda
daarson religiuri sazogadoeba, romlis damfuZnebel wevrTa
ricxvi Svidze naklebi ar unda iyos.
b) religiuri sazogadoebis warmomadgenelni taZrebs,
samlocvelo saxlebs da qonebas miiReben sargeblobisaTvis
adgilobriv aRmasrulebel komitetisagan xelSekrulebiT,
usasyidlod da uvadod Tanaxmad saqarTvelos soc. sabW.
respublikis revoliucionuri komitetis mier 1921 w. apri-
lis 15 TariRiT da 21 nomriT gamocemuli dekretis me-15
muxlisa.
g) xelSekrulebis dadebisas, religiur sazogadoebas
registracia unda eqnes saTanado mazrisa an qalaqis aRmas-
rulebel komitetSi.
v) adgilobrivi aRmasrulebeli komitetis uari xelSek-
rulebis dadebaze an religiur sazogadoebis registraciaze
SeiZleba gasaCivrebul iqnes sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa
centralur aRmasrulebel komitetSi erTi Tvis vadaze im
dridan, rodesac Cabarebul iqneba werilobiT dasabuTebu-
li dadgenileba uaris Sesaxeb.
4) ama dadgenilebis gamocemamde daarsebuli da regis-
tracia-qmnili religiuri sazogadoeba ganagrZobs Tavis
arsebobas axali registraciis mouxdenlad. dadgenileba ese
gavrceleba am sazogadoebazedac.
5) religiuri sazogadoeba SeiZleba daxurul iqnes mx-
olod Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komiasriatis gankargulebiT
im SemTxvevaSi, ukeTu igi saqarTvelos soc. sabW. respub-
likis konstituciisa da kanonebis sawinaaRmdego meTodiT
imoqmedebs.
6) dawesebuleba da Tanamdebobis piri, romelic ama Tu
im saxiT winaaRmdegobas gauwevs eklesiis da samlocvelo
saxlis gaxsnas da sxv., an devnas aRZravs im piris winaaRm-
deg, vinc eklesiis gaxsnas iTxovs, agreTve RvTis msaxurs,

169
kultis SesrulebisaTvis devnas dauwyebs, pasuxs agebs,
rogorc xelisuflebis gadametebisaTvis.
7) meTvalyureoba ama dadgenilebis mtkiced aRsrulebi-
saTvis daekisrebaT iusticiisa da Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo
komisariatebs da maTve daevalebaT ama dadgenilebis gansav-
iTareblad gamoscen saTanado instruqciebi.
sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centraluri aRmasrule-
beli komitetis Tavjdomare m. cxakaia.
sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centraluri aRmasrule-
beli komitetis mdivans s. Todria.
1924 w. noembris 21.
tfilisi _ sasaxle.
gamoqveynebulia gaz. `komunistis~ me-268 #-Si 1924 w.
noembris 23.

eklesiebis gaxsnisa da religiur sazog.

registraciis wesis Sesaxeb
instruqcia
iusticiisa da Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo
komisariatebisa

sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centraluri aRmasrule-

beli komitetis 1924 w. noembris 21 TariTiT da 124 #-iT
gamocemuli dadgenilebis _ `eklesiebis gaxsnisa da re-
ligiur sazogadoebaTa registraciis wesis Sesaxeb~ _ as-
rulebisaTvis.
1. SemoRebul iqnes qvemo aRniSnuli wesi saqarTvelos
soc. sabW. respublikis moqalaqeTaTvis, rogorc im eklesiebis
gadacemisaTvis, romelnic winad daxurul iqnen adgilo-
brivi administratiuli xelisuflebis gankargulebiT, ise
im eklesiebis gadasacemad, romelTa morwmuneTaTvis gada-
170
cemis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba jer ar momxdara, (garda im samxedro
taZrebisa, rac saxalxo komisarTa sabWos 1923 wl. ianvars
8 TariRis da 68 #-is dadgenilebiT gadaecaT saxelmwifo
sazogadoebriv organizaciebs).
2. ukeTu moqalaqeni, ricxviT ara nakleb 7 kacisa, moi-
surveben religiuri sazogadoebis Sedgenis da eklesiis an
samlocvelo saxlis da RvTismsaxurebisaTvis saWiro nivTebis
usasyidlod sargeblobisaTvis miRebas, _ imaT saamiso gancx-
adeba unda Seitanon adgilobriv _ mazris an qalaqis aRmas-
rulebel komitetSi.
3. gancxadebaSi aRniSnul unda iyo: a) religiuri sazoga-
doebis damfuZnebelTa (ukeTu sazogadoeba jer Sedgenili
ar aris), an warmomadgenelTa saxeli, mamis saxeli da gvari,
b) religiuri sazogadoebis saxelwodeba, g) damfuZnebelTa
sacxovrebeli adgili da d) saxelwodeba eklesiisa (sam-
locvelo saxlisa), romlis RvTismsaxurebisaTvis miReba
surT maT.
4. adgilobrivi aRmasrulebeli komiteti qonebas da mis
aRwerilobas gadascems im moqalaqeT, romelTac ganacxades
survili am qonebis sargeblobisaTvis miRebisa, xolo aRw-
erilobis meore cals mimRebTa xelisnaweriT daitovebs
TavisaTvis.
5. wina muxlSi naxseneb eklesiisa da qonebis misaRebad
sazogadoebis damfuZnebelni an gankargulebeli organo das-
deben xelSekrulebas saTanado mazris an qalaqis aRmas-
rulebel komitetTan.
SeniSvna: sanimuSo xelSekruleba amasTanave darTulia.
6. xelSekrulebis dadebis Semdeg religiuri sazogadoe-
ba winaswar gatarebul unda iqnes registraciaSi adgilo-
briv mazris an qalaqis aRmasrulebel komitetSi, ris Sem-
degac mas SeuZlian daiwyos moqmedeba.
7. ukeTu eklesia da qoneba damfuZneblebma miiRes, igini
religiuri sazogadoebis Sedgenis Semdeg eklesiasa (sam-
locvelo saxls) da qonebas gadascemen religiuri sazoga-

171
doebis ganmkargulebel organos, da qonebis gadacemis aqvs,
agreTve cnobas religiuri sazogadoebis ganmkargulebeli
organos Semadgenlobis Sesaxeb, sadac aRniSnul unda iqnes
ganmkargulebeli organos TviTeuli wevris saxeli, mamis
saxeli da gvari, _ warudgenen saTanado aRmasrulebel ko-
mitets.
8. xelSekrulebiT, romelic daideba sakulto Senobis da
qonebis ufaso sargeblobis Sesaxeb, religiuri sazogadoe-
bis warmomadgenelni (ganmkargulebeli organo) pasuxs age-
ben, Tu mindobili saxalxo qoneba ukleblad da wesierad
ar iqneba Senaxuli, agreTve Tu taZarSi wesiereba darRveu-
li iqneba.
9. adgilobrivi aRmasrulebeli komitetis uari xelSek-
rulebis dadebaze da religiuri sazogadoebis registra-
ciaze SeiZleba gansaCivrebul iqnes sruliad saqarTvelos
sabWoTa centralur aRmasrulebel komitetSi erTi Tvis
vadaze im dRidan, rodesac Cabarebuli iqneba werilobiTi
dasabuTebuli dadgenileba uaris Sesaxeb.
10. Tavis sazogado krebebis dadgenilebaTa aRsrulebi-
saTvis, agreTve sagareo warmomadgenlobisaTvis religiuri
sazogadoeba Tavis wridan airCevs warmomadgenlebs (gan-
mkargulebel organos), romelnic uZRvebian mimdinare
muSaobas, iwveven sazogadoebis mier daniSnul vadaze sa-
zogado krebebs da sxv.
religiuri sazogadoebis an morwmuneTa jgufis sarge-
blobaSi myof sadgomSi morwmuneTa kreba xdeba Tavisu-
flad da ise, rom yovel calke SemTxvevaSi winaswari nebarTva
saWiro ar aris, miuxedavad imisa, Tu ramdeni xalxi monaw-
ileobs am krebebze; amrigadve moxdeba kreba, mowveuli im
sakiTxebis gamo, rac Seexeba taZris dacva-Senaxvis da sakul-
to qonebebis gamgeblobas.
12. qadageba SeiZleba Tavisuflad im pirobiT - ki rom
Tavisi SinaarsiT qadageba iyos martooden religiuri da
religiur-damrigebeli xasiaTisa.

172
 13. religiuri sazogadoebis an morwmuneTa jgufis wevrebs
SeuZliaT Seagrovon nebayoflobiTi Semowirulebani im xar-
jebis dasafaravad, rac dakavSirebulia sakulto qonebis
sargeblobasTan, eklesiis msaxurTa da mgalobelTa daqirave-
basTan da sxv.
14. gauqmebul iqnes yvela winad gamocemuli instruqcia
religiur sazogadoebaTa registraciis, agreTve eklesiebis
da RvTismsaxurebisaTvis mikuTvnebuli qonebis sargeblo-
bis wesis Sesaxeb.
iusticiis saxalxo komisari i. varZieli.
Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisari S. maTikaSvili.
1924 w. dekembris 2.
q. tfilisi.
`komunisti~ #280 1924 w. dekembris 7.

xelSekruleba
(danarTi)

Cven, qvemore amisa xelis momwerT, warmomadgenelT (ama

da am) religiuri sazogadoebisa, (ama da am adgilas an ama
da am qalaqSi mcxovrebT), davdeT es xelSekruleba (ama da
am) aRmasrulebel komitetTan, (misi rwmunebulis Tanamde-
boba, saxeli da gvari) am saxiT mas Sina, rom 192.. wels...
Tve... dRes... aRmasrulebeli komitetisagan uvado da ufaso
sargeblobisaTvis miviReT (aqa da aq) mdebare (ese da es
RvTismsaxurebis Senoba) da RvTismsaxurebis sagnebi Cveni
xelmoweriT Semowmebuli gansakuTrebuli aRwerilobiT,
Semdegi pirobiT:
1. mTeli Cveni (esa da es) religiuri sazogadoeba movaled
racxs Tavs gaufrTxildes masze gadacemul saxalxo qonebas
da isargeblos am qonebiT amrtooden misi daniSnulebis
Sesaferisad, amasTan sazogadoeba kisrulobs mTel pasux-
ismgeblobas Cabarebuli qonebis simrTelisa da SenaxvisaTvis,

173
agreTve am xelSekrulebiT nakisri yvela sxva movaleobis
SesrulebisaTvis.
2. sazogadoeba movaleT racxs Tavs taZrebiTa da iq Senaxul
RvTismsaxurebis sagnebiT isargeblos da asargeblos yvela
erTmorwmune martooden religiuri moTxovnilebaTa dasak-
mayofileblad.
3. sazogadoeba movaleT racxs Tavs miiRos yoveli RonisZ-
ieba imisTvis, rom misTvis Cabarebuli qoneba ar moxmardes
iseT mizans, romlic ar Seefereba ama xelSekrulebis 1-l
da 2 muxls.
kerZod sazogadoeba movalea akrZalos mis gamgeblobaSi
gadasul RvTismsaxurebis sadgomSi:
a) sabWoTa xelisuflebis samtrod mimarTuli politikuri
krebebis gamarTva;
b) sabWoTa xelisuflebis an misi calke warmomadgenlis
winaaRmdeg mimarTuli wignebis, broSurebis, furclebis da
epistolebis darigeba da gayidva;
g) sabWoTa xelisuflebis an misi calke warmomadgenlis
winaaRmdeg mimarTuli qadagebis da sityvebis warmoTqma;
d) mcxovrebTa sabWoTa xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg amxe-
drebis mizniT zaris rekviT gangaSis atexa da xalxis mo-
groveba.
4. sazogadoeba movalea Tavisi saRsriT gaswios... taZris
(an sxva RvTismsaxurebis Senobis) da am taZarSi daculi
sagnebis SenaxvisaTvis saWiro mimdinare xarjebi, saxeldo-
br: remonti, gaTboba, dazRveva, dacva, gastumreba valebisa,
gadasaxadebisa, adgilobrivi Senawerisa da sxv.
5. sazogadoeba movalea iqonios RvTismsaxurebis qonebisa
sainventaro aRweriloba, sadac Setanili unda iqnas re-
ligiuri kultis yoveli axlad Sesuli (SewirulebiT, sxva
taZrebidan gadacemiT an sxva gziT) sagani, romelic calke
moqalaqeebis kerZo sakuTrebas ar Seadgens.
6. sazogadoeba movalea, roca RvTismsaxureba ar swar-
moebs, SeuSvas taZarSi aRmasrulebeli komitetis warmo-

174
madgenelni qonebis drogamoSvebiT Sesamowmeblad da da-
saTvaliereblad.
7. miRebuli qonebis dakargvis an gafuWebisaTvis sazoga-
doeba pasuxs agebs im zaralis farglebSi, romelic qonebas
mouva.
8. sazogadoeba movalea, ukeTu saWiro iqneba miRebuli
qonebis ukanve Cabareba, Caabaros igi im saxiT. ra saxiTac
man miiRo sasargeblod da Sesanaxad.
9. ukeTu sazogadoeba moisurvebs xelSekrulebis mo-
spobas, igi movalea amis Sesaxeb werilobiT acnobos aRmas-
rulebel komitets, amasTan am gancxadebis Setanidan erTi
kviris ganmavlobaSi es xelSekruleba ZalaSi rCeba da sa-
zogadoeba pasuxs agebs aRsrulebisaTvis; sazogadoeba mov-
alea agreTve am xnis ganmavlobaSi Caabaros mis mier miRebu-
li qoneba.
10. sazogadoebis yovel wevrs, romelsac xelSekruleba-
ze xeli uweria, SeuZlia gavides xelSekrulebis monawile-
Ta ricxvidam; amisTvis man werilobiTi gancxadeba unda
Seitanos aRmasrulebel komitetSi, amgram es ver ixsnis
gasul pirs pasuxismgeblobisagan mTeli im zaralisaTvis,
romelic saxalxo qonebas mouvida im xnis ganmavlobaSi,
rodesac gasuli wevri monawileobas iRebda im qonebis sarge-
blobaSi da gamgeblobaSi, im dromde, vidre igi saTanado
gancxadebas Seitanda.
am xelSekrulebis dedani inaxeba... aRmasrulebeli komi-
tetis saqmeebSi, xolo saTanadoT Semowmebuli asli gveZl-
eva Cven, sazogadoebis warmomadgenelT, romelTac am xe-
lSekrulebaze xeli gviweria da romelTac 1924 w.... aRwer-
ilobiT religiuris mizniT sasargeblod miviReT RvTism-
saxurebis Senobani da maTdami daculi sagnebi.
11. ukeTu sazogadoeba am xelSekrulebidan gamomdinare
movaleobaTa Sesasruleblad ar miiRebs yvela SesaZlebel
RonisZiebas, xelSekruleba ese saTanado aRmasrulebel ko-
mitetis mier SeiZleba mospobil iqnas xolo im SemTxveva-

175
Si, rodesac xelSekruleba aSkarad iqneba darRveuli, dam-
naSaveni pasuxs ageben sisxlis samarTlis wesiT.

saqarTvelos s. s. respublikis kanonmdebloba

eklesiis Sesaxeb

saqarTvelos socialistur sabWoTa respublikaSi ekle-

sia CamoSorebulia saxelmwifos, skola eklesias, Tumca
sarwmunoebrivi da antisarwmunoebrivi propagandis Tavisu-
fleba miniWebuli aqvs yvela moqalaqes im aucileblis piro-
biT, rom propaganda xdebodes politikur da socialistur
mizanTa gareSe.
s. s. s. respublikis konstitucia. mux. 11.

oficialuri ganyofileba
sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centraluri
aRmasrulebeli komitetis axsna-ganmarteba
saqarTvelos soc. resp. ZiriTadi kanonis
(konstituciis) 11 muxlisa

saqarTvelos soc. sabW. respublikis ZiriTadi kanonis

(konstituciis) me-11 muxl. aniWebs yvela moqalaqes re-
ligiuri propagandis Tavisuflebas. 11-muxli moqalaqed
gulisxmobs mxolod sabWoTa moqalaqes da ara ucxoels,
rac sCans ZiriTadi kanonis merve muxlidan. aq, sxvaTa Soris
aRniSnulia, rom yvela is moqalaqobrivi ufleba-movaleoba,
rac ki saqarTvelos s. s. r. konstituciiT dawesebulia
saqarTvelos soc. sabW. resp. moqalaqeTaTvis, vrceldeba
respublikis teritoriaze myof sxva sabWoTa respublikeb-
is yvela moqalaqeze.
amis gamo sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centraluri

176
aRmasrulebeli komiteti ganmartavs, rom saqarTvelos ter-
itoriaze religiuri `propagandis Tavisufleba ekuTvnis
martooden sabWoTa moqalaqeT, da ara ucxoelT.
sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centraluri aRmasrule-
beli komitetis Tavmjdomare f. maxaraZe.
sruliad saqarTvelos sabWoTa centraluri aRmasrule-
beli komitetis mdivani s. Todria.
1927 w. Tebervlis 18.
tfilisi _ sasaxle. (30, 1-16).

uwmidesi da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos

kaTolikos-patriarq ambrosis sityva
sasamarTlo procesze.
`me Sevasrule Cemi movaleoba~

sanam rames vityode im danaSaulebis Sesaxeb, romelic me

medeba, saWirod mimaCnia ganvacxado, rom Cven RvTismsaxur-
ni qristianuli swavla-moZRvrebis mixedviT valdebulni
varT, davemorCiloT `xelmwifebasa mas umTavresisasa~ (rom.
13,1), radganac xelmwifebasa Sina myofni `msaxurni RmrTi-
sani arian~ (rom, 13,6), maTTvis unda vilocoT (1, tim. 2,2)
da maTze ara vsTqvaT boroti (saq. mociq. 23,5), magram
borotis ara Tqma imas ar niSnavs, rom maT moqmedebas kri-
tikis TvaliT ar SevxedoT, maTi Secdomebi ar aRvniSnoT.
amisTvis Cems sityvaSi mTavrobis Secdomebis aRniSvnis dros
Tu rame aramarTebuli wamomcdes, gTxovT, es CaricxoT
uneblie SecdomaT, anu miiRoT ubralo lapsus linguea-d da
borot ganzraxulebis xasiaTi ar misceT. me saxeSi myavs
mxolod saqarTvelos respublikis mTavroba.
Cven _ sakaTalikoso sabWos mTel Semadgenlobas _ bralad
gvedeba is, rom ar SevasruleT mTavrobis winadadeba, gagveg-
zavna warmomadgeneli yofili samxedro taZris CamorTmevis
dros dasaswreblad da rom ar movisurveT Cvenis xeliT

177
Cagvebarebina igi ara sarwmunoebrivi miznebisaTvis mosaxma-
rad. sakaTalikoso sabWom es TavisTvis CasTvala miuRe-
blad, rac mas CamoerTva winaaRmdegobis gawevad, moRala-
teobad, ajanyebisaken xalxis mowvevad da sxv. amnairi bralde-
bis arseboba me gavige mxolod ukanaskneli dakiTxvis dros
da Cems gaocebas sazRvari ar hqonda, ver gamigia, saidan
SeiZleba amnairi daskvnis gamoyvana.
religia ar aris saxelmwifosagan warmoSobili da dawese-
buli. mas aqvs Tavisi damoukidebeli safuZveli arsebobisa,
saxelmwifo da eklesia amis gamo ori sxvadasxva dawese-
bulebaa, maT aqvT sxvadasxva sfero moqmedebisa. Tavisi daniS-
nulebis asrulebaSi orive erTmaneTisagan damoukidebelia.
saxarebis devizia: `keisrisa keisarsa da RvTisa RmerTsa.~
saxelmwifo eklesiur Sinaur cxovrebaSi ar ereva gansakuTre-
biT maSin, rodesac isini erTmaneTisagan gamoyofilia. dae,
gamoyofil eklesias waarTvan yvela uflebebi iuridiuli
pirovnebisa, mas mainc darCeba erTi sfero Tavisufali mo-
qmedebisa, erTi kuTxe, Tavisi wmidaTa wmida, romelSiac
saxelmwifo ar unda SeiWras. es aris misi Sinauri re-
ligiuri cxovreba, romelic eqvemdebareba RvTisagan dawesebul
normebs. vinc eklesiis msaxurTagani amas gadauxvevs, is
moRalatea sarwmunoebisa. amis gamo amnair SemTxvevebSi,
rogorc geubneba qristianuli swavla-moZRvreba, Cven valde-
bulni varT vemorCiloT ufro RmerTsa, vidre kacTa (saq.
moc. 5,29). es normebi eklesiuri cxovrebisa, amnairiurT-
ierToba saxelmwifos da eklesias Soris miRebulia yvela
saqristiano qveynebSi da ar gvegona, Tu Cveni mTavroba amas
ar gauwevda angariSs. am TvalsazrisiT vsTqviT, rom wi-
nadadeba CvenTvis miuRebeli iyo, vinaiTgan imis miRebiT
Cven gavxdebodiT RvTis dadgenilebis da sarwmunoebis moR-
alateni. es aris da es. Cven azraTac ar mogvsvlia, rom
Cvens amnair kanonier gancxadebas mTavroba miiRebda sawi-
naaRmdegod. miT umetes, rom taZars hyavda Tavisi winamZR-
vari, romlis gankargulebaSi iyo eklesiis qoneba da romelic

178
TavisTavad iyo sasuliero mTavrobis warmomadgeneli.
saqarTveloSi daiketa 1200-ze meti eklesia, zogi mTlad
dangreul iqmna, magram arc erTis Sesaxeb sasuliero mTavro-
bisaTvis arc ki SeutyobinebiaT da raRa samxedro taZris
Cabareba ar SeiZleboda ukaTalikoso sabWoT?! gvcodnoda,
rom Cvens, Cvenis TvalsazrisiT kanonier gancxadebas, saero
mTavroba miiRebda sawyenaT, Cven sxvanairaT gamovsTqvamdiT
Cvens azrs da winaaRmdegobas ar gavuwevdiT. amas winaT
ramdenime jariskacma-baptistma, ganacxada, rom maT sarwmu-
noeba ukrZalavs jarSi samsaxurs da es gancxadeba samxedro
sasamarTlom scno pativsadebad da gaaTavisufla isini
samxedro begaris moxdisagan. darwmunebuli var, uzenaesi
sasamarTloc ase Sexedavs Cvens gancxadebasac da amisTvis
amis Sesaxeb metis Tqma mimaCnia saWiroT. 1) danaSaulad
miTvlian imasac, rom mcxeTis da sionis taZrebis ganZeulo-
bis damalva vicodi. amnairi braldeba mimaCnia gaugebrobad,
vinaiTgan nivTebis quTaisSi waRebis dros me vmsaxurebdi
soxumSi da nivTebis damalva moxda uCemod, 2) arc Cemi da
arc sxvebis Cvenebidan ar sCans, rom es me vicodi nivTebis
aRmoCenamde. saidan da rogor aris es braldeba SeTxzuli,
arvici. da 3) marTlac rom vyofiliyavi damalvis monawile,
maSinac ver CavTvlidi Cems Tavs damnaSaved, vinaidgan sam-
Rvdeloeba movale iyo, ezruna eklesiis qonebis dacvi-
saTvis da uxsovar droidan areulobis da mtrebis Semose-
vis dros ganZeulobis dacvisaTvis mimarTavdnen am saSu-
alebas. aman Segvinaxa igi, rodesac misi gadatana moxda
quTaisSi, es ganZeuloba ar Seadgenda mTavrobis kuTvnile-
bas. es moxda Zveli mTavrobis dros, rodesac eklesias ar
hqonda CamorTmeuli sakuTrebis ufleba. Tundac CamorT-
meuli hqonoda, maSinac samRvdeloebis movaleoba iqneboda,
radgan mis xelSi iqneboda misi movla-dacvis saqme. amis
Semdeg gansacvifreblad mimaCnia sabraldebo, oqmSi xmareba
sityvis `gataceba~, metis Tqmas amis Sesaxeb ar vsTvli
saWirod.

179
 umTavresi braldeba Cems sawinaaRmdegod wamoyenebuli,
rogorc sabraldebulo oqmidan sCans da rogorc prokuroris
sityvidanac mesma, aris kontrevolucia. Cemi kontrevolu-
cioneroba gamoixata genuis konferenciaze Cem mier weri-
lis gagzavnaSi, magram ar mesmis ra iyo kontrevolucioneruli
Cems werilSi. nuTu is erTaderTi ZiriTadi debuleba, rom
TiToeulma erma Tavisi saqmeebi moawyos ise, rogorc es mas
unda, magram es Cemi mogonili xom ar aris? ukanasknelma
saerTaSoriso omma bevri ubedureba moutana kacobriobas,
magram manve amarTa droSia, romelzedac msxvilis asoebiT
waawera: `mcire erebis TviTgamorkvevis ufleba.~ es lozun-
gi imdenad aRmafrTovanebeli, sanetaro da sasixarulo iyo,
rom misTvis angariSi unda gaewiaT. asec moxda. TviT ni-
koloz meoris mTavarsardali nikoloz nikolozis Ze ereb-
isadmi Tavis mimarTvaSi ambobs, rom is ibrZvis am lozungis
ganxorcielebisaTvis. metyviT, es gancxadeba ar iyo gulwr-
felio da mec savsebiT geTanxmebiT, magram aq mniSvneloba
aqvs ara imas, gulwrfeli iyo es gancxadeba Tu ara, aramed
imas, rom mTavarsardali iZulebuli gaxda, angariSi gaewia
cxovrebis sinamdvilisaTvis, eRiarebia is, rasac TviTonac
ar TanaugrZnobda, diax, is wamoayena cxovrebam da mas yve-
laze uwin angariSi gauwia socialisturma mimarTulebam,
magram stalinis sityviT, meore internacionalma da misma
liderma kauckim es lozungi CamoaqveiTes avtonomiamde,
xolo politikuri da ekonomiuri mxare dautoves isev gaba-
tonebul erebs. sabWoTa xelisuflebam ki gaafarTova is
mcire erebisaTvis politikurad gamoyofis uflebis miniWe-
bamde.
ai, es TviTgamorkvevis ufleba Txoulobs, rom TiToeul-
ma erma Tavisi cxovreba da marTva-gamgeoba moawyos ise,
rogorc TviTon moisurvebs da Tu stalinis sityva Seicavs
WeSmaritebas, Tu sabWoTa xelisuflebam gaafarTova TviT-
gamorkvevis lozungi da mcire erebs uboZa ufleba poli-
tikuri gamoyofisa, Tavisufleba-suverenobisa, maSin cxadia

180
TviT gamorkveuli da suverenuli erisaTvis Tavisuflebis
warTmeva am lozungis darRvevad unda CaiTvalos. meti arc
me miTqvams ra.
me ar vekuTvni arcerT partias, CemTvis sulerTia rome-
li partiis xelSi iqneba marTva-gamgeoba, romels eqneba
Zalaufleba da romlis diqtatura iqneba damyarebuli. amis
ganxilvaSi Sesvla Cemi saqme ar aris. mxolod mrwams da
sasurvelad mimaCnia marTva-gamgeoba damyarebuli iyos xalxis
nebisyofaze da TviTgamorkvevaze, xalxis survili CemTvis
kanonia. am survilze damyarebuli wes-wyobileba margebelia
xalxis erovnuli mTlianobisaTvis da misi kulturulad
winmsvlelobisaTvis. me ar gamegona, rom momxdariyos xalx-
is dakiTxva amis Sesaxeb da amis gamo, rodesac pirveli
dakiTxvis dros damisves kiTxva, arCeulia Tu ara xalxisa-
gan axlandeli Cveni mTavrobao, meti rom ar meTqva, vupa-
suxe: ar vici meTqi. rodesac damkiTxvelma sayveduriT miTxra,
rogor, inteligentma kacma ar unda icode, rom warsul
Tebervals (es iyo 1922 wels) iyo yriloba da man airCiao,
me bodiSi movixade da mxolod SevniSne, rom maSasadame
1921 w. Tebervlidan 1922 w. Tebervlamdis _ erTi wlis
ganmavlobaSi _ aurCevlad umsaxurnia meTqi. da asec unda
yofiliyo, vinaidgan erTi weliwadi saWiroc iqneboda xalxis
dawynarebisa da TviTgamorkvevisaTvis. Cven, eklesiis msax-
urni ki im aurCevel mTavrobasac vcnobdiT, vinaiTgan an-
gariSs vuwevdiT faqts _ erovnuli mTavrobis arsebobas da
ar SevdiodiT kanoniereba-ukanonobis ganxilvaSi...
...maxsovs pucikoviCis geografia, romelSic TiToeuli
kuTxis aRwera dasuraTebuli iyo adgilobriv mkvidrTa
tipebiT. velikorusi gamoyvanilia: didi, axovani, kmayofili
saxiT da amayi gamometyvelebiT da qveS miwerili hqonda:
`Õîçÿèí çåìëè ðóññêîé~. sxva erovnebaTa warmomadgeneli
iyo monis da daCagrulis gamometyvelebiT. TviT skola awv-
dida xalxs am didmpyrobelobiT ideas da ra gasakviria,
rom misi miswrafebaT iqca yvelasaTvis ecqiraT, rogorc

181
monebisaTvis, maT qveSevrdomTaTvis. ocdaaTiode wlis winaT
mowme gavxdi Semdegi sanaxaobisa: q. soxumis bulvari, zRvis
pirad mravali moseirne. aqve dgas ori rusi Zalze Sezarx-
oSebuli. erTi maTgani uCvenebs Tovlian mTebze da eubneba
meores: `Ýòè ãîðû íàøè...Âñå íàðîäû òàì æèâóøíå íàøè
ïîääàííûå è âñå çäåñü ãóëÿþùèå íàì ïîä÷èí¸íû~.
da daabolova imnairi sityvebiT, romlebis moyvana aq ar
SeiZleba. 1905 w. me viyavi donis olqSi da, rodesac gavr-
celda xma, rom kavkasiaSi, saqarTveloSi gamocxadda Tavisu-
fleba ruseTis batonobidan, xSiri iyo SemTxveva, rom me-
kiTxebodnen rogorc qarTvels, nuTu marTla saqarTvelo
gamoeyofa ruseTso. es SeuZleblad miaCndaT. miT ufro,
rom adgilobrivi rusobac ase fiqrobda. rodesac 1917 wlis
revoluciis Semdeg marTla daarsda saqarTvelos respub-
lika, soxumis rusoba ver urigdeboda saqarTvelos Tavisu-
flebas. didi Tu patara, naswavli Tu uswavleli, yvela
gaiZaxoda: `rogor SeiZleba saqarTvelo iyos Tavisufali,
es droebiTia, mova Cveni jari da isev davimorCilebTo.
saqarTvelos Tavisufleba sasacilod miacndaT, mas asax-
elebdnen: `Êóêóðóçíàÿ ðåñïóáëèêà~ anu `Ðåñïóáëèêà íà 1
1/2 ÷àñà~. batonobis ideaze aRzrdili bunebrivaT gulkeTili
adgilobrivi rusi mosurne iyo batonobisa da Tanasworobas
ver guobda.
...magram Zneli saTqmelia qarTveli komunistebi, visi sur-
vilis aRmasrulebelni iyvnen erTi ki cxadia, maT surdaT
saqarTvelo Sesuliyo didi ruseTis farglebSi...
...maT ar swamdaT saqarTvelos Tavisufleba. gazeT `komu-
nistis~ erT-erT SarSandel Tu SarSanwindel nomerSi naTq-
vamia, rom revolucioneruli Tvalsazrisi moiTxovda Tavis
droze tfilisze dakvras da poloneTze galaSqrebaso. gamodis,
rom revolucia Txoulobs erisaTvis Tavisuflebis warTme-
vas. imave gazeTis SarSandel noembris erT nomerSi (#263)
eseve azri ufro cxadad aris gamoTqmuli. iq naTqvamia, rom
saqarTvelos Tavisufleba komunisturi TvalsazrisiT ar

182
iyo misaRebi, saqarTveloSi Tavisuflad daTareSobdnen im-
perialisturi jarebi, rac did safrTxes umzadebda ruseTs
da sxva mezobel sabWoTa respublikebs, amisaTvis ruseTis
wiTeli armiis 11 Tebervlis istoriuli nabiji marqsistu-
lad gagebuli revolucioneruli omebis Teoriis mixedviT
gamarTlebuli xdebao.~
me ar vici marqsistulad gagebuli revolucioneruli
omebis Teoria da amis Sesaxeb veras vityvi, mxolod Sevni-
Snav, rom saxifaTod da molipul gzaze dadgomad mimaCnia
imis mtkiceba, rom saqarTvelos mdgomareoba saSiSi iyo
ruseTisaTvis... es erTi. meoreT unda aRvniSno, rom Tavisu-
fleba TavisTavad arasdros ar unda iyos dasagmobi. is
yovelTvis sasurvelia. ar yofila xalxi, romelic mas Sex-
aroda, ar eZebda, romlis miRweva ar miaCnda bednierebad.
SesaZlebelia, saqarTvelos yofilma mTavrobam ver moixmara
igi, rogorc amas rigi moiTxovda, magram aq Tavisufleba ra
SuaSia. Tu Zveli mTavrobis dros saqarTveloSi imperalis-
turi jarebi Tavisuflad daTareSobdnen, de, axla mTavrobam
aiRos es Tavisufleba da ganaxorcielos is, rogorc saWiroa,
de, axali suverenuli respublikis mTavrobis xelSi nu
iTareSeben imperialisturi jarebi da saqarTvelos Tavisu-
fleba nu iqneba saSiSari sxva erebisaTvis. es iyo Cemi azri
da ara axali xelisuflebis uarisyofa, magram... aq davusvam
mravalwertils da gavCumdebi. mxolod ar SemiZlia, ar
avRniSno is garemoeba, rom saqarTvelos Tavisufleba komu-
nistebis erT nawils miaCnda sasacilod da masxrad agdebda,
erTi rusuli asoebiT dabeWdili gazeTi `Ïðàâäà Ãðóçèè~...
amnairad ixseniebda mas: `Tavisufali, damoukidebeli, suv-
erenuli da neitraluri zurna.~ aq saWiro ar aris komen-
tarebi. yvela es sruliad araferSi ar eTanxmeba xalxis
TviTgamorkvevis da politikurad gamoyofis uflebas, piri-
qiT. pirdapiri misi uaryofaa. SeiZleba vcdebode, radgan
marqsistuli Teoria Cems specialobas ar Seadgens, magram
arcodna arcodvaa, naTqvamia da amisTvis mometeveba.

183
 miuxedavad zemonaTqvamisa, me meubnebian, rom Cemi gamos-
vliT viTom vuRalate Cvens mTavrobas, saxeli gavutexe
mas, gavabiabrue, ar unda mimemarTa genuis konferencii-
saTvis, rom Cemis mimarTviT me mindoda gamomewvia inter-
vencia, evropis SeiaraRebuli jarebiT Careva saqarTvelos
saqmeebSi, TiTqos amiT me xeli SevuSale Cvens iq warmomad-
genels mis saqarTvelos sakeTildReod zrunvaSi. amnairi
braldeba me mimaCnia gaugebrobis nayofad da amis gamo us-
amarTlobad. me Cveni mTavrobis sawinaaRmdego ara miTqvams
ra...
Cemi werili mimarTuli iyo didmpyrobelobis winaaRmdeg
da es cxadad aris masSi gamoTqmuli. erTi sityviTac ar
damigmia axali xelisufleba saqarTveloSi, piriqiT, iq
gamoTqmulia, rom me ar Sevdivar imis ganxilvaSi, rogori
unda iyos marTva-gamgeoba, radgan es Cemi saqme ar iyo.
werili dawerilia axali xelisuflebis arsebobis wlisTavze,
xolo Cveni qristianuli moZRvrebiT yoveli damkvidrebu-
li mTavroba ganukiTxavad unda vicnaT da vemorCiloT yove-
li samoqalaqo xasiaTis saqmeebSi. amis gamo, cxadia, me
mindoda damoukidebloba ukve damyarebuli mTavrobisaTvis.
genuis konferencia me warmodgenili mqonda, rogorc sax-
elmwifoebis warmomadgenlebis kreba, mowveuli mSvidobi-
ani molaparakebisaTvis _ kreba, romelsac sagnad hqonda
mcire erebis pretenziebis ganxilva da amisTvis vfiqrobdi,
rom yvelas hqonda ufleba miemarTa misTvis Tavisi azris
gamoTqmiT. me vici, rom iq iyo Cveni warmomadgenelic, romel-
ic, darwmunebuli viyavi, daicavda Cveni qveynis suverenoba-
Tavisuflebas da romelsac amaSi eWirveboda daxmareba. am
SemTxvevaSi ki Cems werils SeeZlo ramdenadme mainc gaead-
vilebia brZola saqarTvelos damoukideblobisaTvis. Tu is
iyo saqarTvelos warmomadgeneli mxolod sityviT, saqmiT
ki gamodioda damatebaT ruseTis warmomadgenlisa da dam-
cvelad didmpyrobelobisa, maSin, rasakvirvelia, werili mas
samsaxurs ver gauwevda, magram es ukanaskneli arc iyo

184
mizani werilisa da, maSasadame amaSi ar SemiZlia viyo pa-
suxismgebeli. yvela amis Semdeg me kidevac mikvirs, risTvis
masamarTlebs saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlo da ara ruse-
Tisa, magram vinc unda gamasamarTlos _ saqarTveloam imi-
sTvis, rom me vicav erovnuli eklesiis da eris Tavisufle-
bas, Tu ruseTma imisaTvis, rom xma amoviRe didmpyrobelo-
bis winaaRmdeg, sul erTia, orive SemTxvevaSi cxadad mt-
kicdeba, rom saqarTvelo ar aris Tavisufali respublika
da moqmedebs gareSe direqtivebiT...
...sanam kaci kacisTvis, rogorc amboben romaelebi, mge-
lia, jarebis yola, rasakvirvelia, saWiroa, magram erovnu-
li TvalsazrisiT moiTxovs, rom jari iyos usaTuod erovnuli.

mqonda Tu ara ufleba me, rogorc sasuliero pirs, Sevx-

ebodi kiTxvebs, romelnic wamoyenebulni arian Cems weril-
Si? meubnebian, rom Cems uflebebs gadavamete, rom me ar
mqonda ufleba gavreodi politikaSi da amomeRo xma. ar
vici maqvs Tu ara sabWoTa xelisuflebis TvalsazrisiT
raime moqalaqeobrivi ufleba, magram is WeSmaritebaa, rom
Cven TviTon vcdilobT cxovrebaSi gaviyvanoT principebi:
`keisrisa keisarsa da RvTisa RmerTsa~ _ amis gamo ar ver-
eviT saxelmwifo wyobilebisa da marTva-gamgeobis saqmeSi,
mTavrobis uaryofasa da winaaRmdegobaSi da sxv. magram es
imas ar niSnavs, rom pirSi wyali CaviyenoT da ara vsTqvaT
ra, rodesac vxedavT usamarTlobas, gareSe Zalebis moZale-
bas, xalxis Seviwroebas, erisTvis saziano Secdomebs da
sazogadoT ar vitvirToT xalxis samsaxuri, misi interese-
bis dacva da misi mwuxarebis sagani ar vamcnoT qveyanas.
yvela amas qristianuli moZRvreba ar gvikrZalavs. qristes
ebraleboda eri, mas emsaxureboda da masze zrunavda, ambob-
da xSirad: `mewyalis eri eseo~ (mark. 8,2). `nu daidumebT
erisTvisao,~ gveubneba Cveni moZRvreba da amis aRsrulebas
pirnaTlad misdevda samRvdeloeba. gadaaTvaliereT istoria
da Tqven iq dainaxavT amis auarebel magaliTebs. moigoneT

185
basili didi, grigol RvTismetyveli, ioane oqropiri da
maTi gamosarCleba xalxis keTildReobisaTvis, maTi brZola
am qveynis xelisuflebasTan, mis usamarTlobasTan, moigon-
eT ambrosi mediolaneli, romelmac mrisxane imperatori
Teodosi ar SeuSva eklesiaSi misgan TesaliaSi moxdenili
sisxlisRvris gamo da mravali sxva. gadaxedeT saqarTvelos
istorias da aqac dainaxavT uamrav magaliTs, samRvdeloebis
brZolas arsebuli wyobis da eris interesebis dasacavad
amqveyniur xelisufalTa mZlavrebisagan. samRvdeloeba
yovelTvis iyo damcveli saqarTvelos Tavisuflebis ideisa.
ramdenad mouridebelni iyvnen mRvdelmTavarni am SemTxveva-
Si, gviCvenebs Semdegi magaliTi. imereTis mefe solomon
didis memkvidre, aleqsandre, urwmunoebisa da sxva dana-
SaulobebisaTvis samRvdelo krebam gankveTa eklesiidan da,
rodesac is miicvala, aukrZala misi qristianuli damarxva.
is daasaflaves wesis augeblad eklesiis da sasaflaos gareSe.
Tvalcremliani mefe solomon didis mudarebam da Txovnam
ver gaWra, ver SeaSina mRvdelmTavarTa krebuli. moigoneT
anton Wyondideli da misi gamosvla tyveTa yidvis winaaRm-
deg, rac imereTis mefes da guria-samegrelos mTavrebs gada-
qceuli hqondaT saxelmwifos marTvis sistemad, rogorc
savaldebulo begara. auarebeli axalgazrda qal-vaJi igza-
vneboda stambulSi sultanisaTvisac yovelwlobiT. krebam
Zala daatana mefes da mTavrebs da xelwerili daadebina am
senis mospobisaTvis. gansakuTrebiTi aRsaniSnavia rusebis
dasavleT saqarTveloSi damkvidrebis xana mecxramete saukunis
dasawyisSi. am dros eklesiis da eris Tavisuflebis dam-
cvelebaT gamodian quTaTeli da gaenaTeli da xalxis ajan-
yebas saTaveSi udgebian. orive gaamgzavres ruseTisaken, ma-
gram mxolod genaTelma eqvTimem CaaRwia novRorodSi, sa-
dac is unda daebinavebinaT. imp. aleqsandre pirvelma moi-
surva misi naxva, Caiyvanes peterburRSi, imperatorma didi
zeimiT da pativiT miiRo, magram amisTvis ar moerida emx-
ilebia saqarTvelos eklesiisa da eris Tavisuflebis warT-

186
mevisaTvis da samSoblos damcvelebis wamebisaTvis, mas uwoda
axali neroni. es iyo mizezi, rom is gaagzavnes sviris mon-
asterSi oloneckis guberniaSi, sadac ganisvena da dasa-
flavebulia. (2005 wels wmindanad Seracxili eqvTimes neS-
ti gadmoasvenes saqarTveloSi da dakrZales gelaTSi s.v.).
amnairad rogorc sarwmuneobrivi, ise istoriuli magaliTe-
bi maZlevdnen me uflebas xmis amoRebisas. ara, es ufleba
ar aris, es aris movaleoba, da misi ausrulebloba gamxdida
me uRirsad Cemi Tanamdebobisa _ pasuxismgeblad RvTis ek-
lesiisa da eris winaSe.
miuxedavad yvela amisa, Cemi werili iyo namdvili ekle-
siuri aqti da Tu man miiRo garegnulad politikuri xas-
iaTi, es asec unda momxdariyo, vinaiTgan aseTi Tu iseTi
politikuri mdgomareoba, misgan aRebuli gezis cvalebade-
ba gvaZlevs SeZlebas, warmovidginoT perspeqtivebi eklesi-
is mdgomareobisa momavalSi. axal xelisuflebas pirvel
xanebSi undod uyurebda da mec mafiqrebda eklesiis momava-
li bedi, vinaiTgan mTavrobis gezi eklesiur sakiTxSi savse-
biT uaryofiTi iyo. Tu xalxs ar moswonda Tavisuflebis
dakargva, mec vfiqrobdi, rom politikuri Tavisuflebis
dakargvas moyveboda eklesiis devna. da misi Tavisuflebis-
mospoba, rac savsebiT gamarTlda. faqtiurad eklesiis Tavisu-
fleba fexqveS gaTelilia da iuridiuladac cdiloben mis
mospobas. SarSanwin ruseTSi iyo gamarTuli didi kampania,
bevrs werdnen eklesiuri avtokefaliebis mospobis saWiroe-
baze, radgan ruseTis mTavrobas surda eklesiur cxovreba-
Siac SemoeRo iseTive centralizacia, rogoric iyo dam-
yarebuli politikur cxovrebaSi. amnairi iyo miswrafeba
mTavrobisa saqarTveloSiac. am mizniT undoda mas saqarTvelo-
Si damyarebuliyo `cxoveli eklesia~ da amis propagandas
eweoda samRvdeloebaSi. zogierTni wevrni samRvdeloebisa
gaebnen dagebul maxeSi da erTi maTgani kidec Caewera mTa-
var komitetSi. am mizniT mec momeca winadadeba, damewyo
miwer-mowera `cxovel eklesiasTan.~ davmorCilebodi mas,

187
xolo erT sabWos wevrTagans SeaZlies sapatio Tanamdeboba,
Cadgomoda `cxovel eklesias~ saTaveSi, magram es, rasakvirve-
lia, uaryofil iqna, rogorc cda eklesiuri Tavisuflebis
mospobisa da eklesiuri centralizaciisa. es iyo mizezi,
rom saqarTvelos eklesiis mmarTveli aparatis wevrebi CaTv-
lili iqnen kontrevolucionerebad, reformebis SemoRebis
mowinaaRmdeged, Tumca sakaT. sabWos ukve dawyebuli hqonda
saqme farTe reformebis SemoRebisa eklesiur cxovrebaSi.
magram saqme Seaferxa sabWos Tavmjdomarisa da wevrebis
dapatimrebam, xolo im pirebma, romlebic mowinaved da pro-
gresulad sTvlidnen TavianT Tavs da darCnen Tavisuflad
samoqmedo asparizze, romelTa lideris TavmjdomareobiT
sareformo komisiac ki iyo arCeuli, verafris gakeTeba,
rogorc mosalodnelic iyo, ver SeZles (igulisxmeba episko-
posi daviTi s.v.). saqme imaSia, rom sakaT. sabWos undoda
reformebis SemoReba erovnul niadagze, adgilobrivi pirobebis
mixedviT, xolo `mowinave~ samRvdeloebis wre, romelsac
SeerCia moqmedebis asparezi, fiqrobdnen reformebis moxde-
nas ruseTis eklesiis trafaretiT im mizniT, rom saqarTve-
los eklesia gaebaT monobis uRelSi, daemorCilebiaT isev
ruseTis eklesiisaTvis.
radganac amnairi uaryofiTi iyo mTavrobis gezi sarwmu-
noebriv sakiTxebSi da movelodi amnair Sedegebs, me, rogorc
eklesiis Tavi, veZebdi saSualebas eklesiis interesebis
dacvisaTvis da am mizniT mivmarTe genuis konferencias.
aq TavisTavad ismeba kiTxva, aqvs Tu ara eklesiis Tavs
ufleba eklesiis TavisuflebasTan erTad Tqvas rame erovnuli
Tavisuflebis Sesaxebac da, Tu ar aqvs, iqneba Tu ara es
politikur sferoSi SeWra? Cemis rwmeniT, amis uflebas
Cven gvaZlevs qristianuli swavla-moZRvreba. is gveubneba,
rom kaci RvTisagan Tavis saxed da msgavsad Seqmnilia. Rv-
Tis saxeoba da msgavseba aRbeWdilia mis sulier TvisebebSi,
romelTa Soris umTavresi Tvisebaa Tavisufleba. pavle mo-
ciquli gveubneba, rom Cven wodebul varT Tavisuflebi-

188
saTvis. qristem mogvaniWa es Tavisufleba da mtkiced unda
SevinaxoT igi. erTxel ganTavisuflebulma ar unda david-
gaT isev monobis uReli (gal. 5,1); gvetyvian rom mociquli
ambobs individualur da sarwmunoebriv Tavisuflebaze da
xalxis Tavisuflebas ar exebao, magram vinc Caukvirdeba
mociqulis sityvebs, darwmundeba, rom is gulisxmobs koleq-
tiur individumebs _ erebs da maTs amqveyniur urTierTo-
bas. amas mociquli cxadad gvimartavs, rodesac gveubneba,
rom Tavisufleba unda gvqondes ara `safarvelad ukeTure-
bisa~ (1 pet. 2,16), ara `mizezad xorcTa,~ aramed ZmaTa
siyvarulisaTvis, xolo ukeTu `urTierTas ikbinebodiT da
SeiWamebodiT, ixileT nuukue urTierTas ganilineT~, am-
bobs igi (gal. 5, 13-15). e.i. Tu erTmaneTSi uTanxmoeba da
brZola geqnebaT, vaiTu amowydeTo. cxadia, aq naTqvamia ad-
amianebis krebulTa da xalxTa Soris urTierTobebze. amis
gamo Tu me Cems werilSi Sevexe eris Tavisuflebis sak-
iTxs, amis uflebas maZlevda saRi werili da Cven, sasuli-
erno pirni am movaleobis asrulebas gverds ver avuxvevT.
es erTi.
meores mxriT, rogor ginda ar Seexo xalxis cxovrebis
sakiTxebs, da aman ar miiRos politikuri saxe, rodesac
eklesiis da politikuri erTeulis Semadgenloba erTi da
igivea _ eklesiis wevrni imave dros arian saxelmwifos
wevrni. amis gamo yovel Cvens moqmedebas, yovel sityvas
SeiZleba mieces politikuri xasiaTi, Tu amis survili gveqne-
ba. eklesiis da saxelmwifos erTmaneTisagan gamoyofa me ise
mesmoda, rom gamoyofil eklesiis Sinaur saqmeebSi saxelm-
wifo ar Caereoda, magram sinamdvile gviCvenebs, rom vscde-
bodi. 1922 wels erTi provincieli qalaqis eklesiaSi xalxs
mivmarTe sityviT, romelSidac veubnebodi mas, rom is iyos
erTguli eklesiisa, rom asrulos qristianuli moTxov-
nileba, rom eklesia gamoyofilia saxelmwifodan, rom mTavro-
ba amis gamo ar ereva mis Sinaur saqmeebSi, morwmuneebs ar
ukrZalavs iqonios Tavisi sarwmunoeba, sindisis Tavisu-

189
fleba da sxva Turme es sityvac adgilobriv xelisufalT
moeCvenaT sawinaaRmdegod da uTqvamT, rogor gabeda amis
Tqmao. iyo SemTxveva, mqadagebelma Tavis sityvaSi moiyvana
qristes sityvebi: `bWeni jojoxeTisani ver moerevian~ ek-
lesiaso. aha, jojoxeTi gviwodao. dasabamidan qristiano-
bisa eklesiaSi miRebulia litanioba, magram amasac Tvlian
kontrevolucionerul demonstraciad da sxva.
saqarTvelos eklesia da samRvdeloeba aras dros ar
yofilan kontrevolucioneruli mimarTulebis. Tu maTze
msjeloben ruseTis eklesiis analogiiT, es didi usamarT-
loba iqneba. Cvenma eklesiam da erma 120 weliwadi gaatara
monobaSi. didi da xangrZlivi brZolis Semdeg daibruna
Tavisufleba da surs SeinarCunos is. samRvdeloebis zrax-
vebi amis iqiT ar midis. sul sxvaa ruseTis eklesia. pirv-
elsave saeklesio krebaze (1917-18 wlebi) iyo gamoTqmuli,
rom ruseTis xsna mxolod TviTmpyrobel mefeSia, masze
msjelobdnen da ocnebobdnen, xolo am krebis gagrZelebam
(varlovicSi) kidevac daadgina, mowveul iqnas ruseTis taxtze
mefe. delegatTagan xels awerda 86 (roZiankom Seikava Tavi),
erTma mRvdelmTavarma (mitr. platoni), rogorc gamoqvey-
nebuli iyo, Seadgina saRmrTo razmi sabWoTa xelisuflebis
winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad, _ aba, gviCveneT amnairi ram
saqarTvelos eklesiis krebebis an kerZo samRvdelo piris
istoriaSi? miuxedavad amisa, ruseTis eklesia gacilebiT
ufro karg pirobebSia, vidre saqarTvelosi. raSia saqme? Tu
aq Cemi werilia mizezi, xalxi da samRvdeloeba ra SuaSia?
is Cemi dawerilia eklesiuri da erovnuli interesebis
dacvis TvalsazrisiT da meve meTxoveba pasuxi.
rogor aris dayenebuli erovnuli sakiTxi? pirvelad
sabWoTa xelisuflebas arc ki hqonda Tavis programaSi erovnu-
li sakiTxi, is uaryofili da daCrdiluli iyo internacio-
nalur mimarTulebis ukiduresobiT (is emsaxureboda mx-
olod didmpyrobelobis ideas). Semdeg am sakiTxs mieqca
yuradReba. stalini ambobs, rom nikoloz meoris dros mx-

190
olod da mxolod erebis garusebaze fiqrobdneno. amaSi mec
savsebiT veTanxmebi, radganac Cemi 37 wlis msaxurebis gan-
mavlobaSi am borotebas vebrZodi beWdviTis sityviT (adg-
ilobriv da sataxto petrogradis Jurnal-gazeTebSi) da
saqmiT, ris gamo devna, tanjva da mwuxarebis meti ara
damimsaxurebia ra. magram ganagrZos stalinma, rogoria axla
am sakiTxis mdgomareoba. axla sul sxvao, ambobs igi, sabWo-
Ta xelisufleba ar cdilobs yvela erebi alaparakos erT
enaze. rac unda patara iyos eri, is scdilobs Seuqmnas mas
wera-kiTxva da mwerloba. me-X yrilobam daadgina: 1. sabWo-
Ta xelisufleba yvela erebSi moewyos adgilobrivi pirobebis,
zne-Cveulebis da midrekilebis mixedviT da SefardebiT. 2.
saqmis warmoeba da miwer-mowera usaTuod unda iqnes adgi-
lobriv enaze da 3. skolebSi swavlebis enad unda iqnas
usaTuod adgilobrivi ena. me-XII yrilobam kidev ufro
gaafarTova erovnuli sakiTxi. amnairad sabWoTa xelisu-
fleba erovnuli sakiTxis uaryofidan gadaixara mis cnobam-
di, misi samsaxurisaken (Tumca es jer, savsebiT ar aris
ganxorcielebuli). es asec unda momxdariyo, amas Txou-
lobda cxovreba da amisTvis Zalauneburad angariSi unda
gaewiaT.
miuxedavad amisa, yvela rusi komunisti amas ar Tanau-
grZnobs. leninma sTqva: `gafxikeT zogierTi komunisti rusi
da Tqven dainaxavT wiTel patriotsa da Sovinistsao.~ maT-
Si bevria didmpyrobelobis ideis mimdevarni _ im didmpy-
robelobis, romelsac leninma uwoda ðóñîïÿòñòâî. X yri-
lobaze aRniSnuli iyo, rom rusi komunistebi ganapira qvey-
nebSi amayoben Tavis rusobiT, maT swamT ara federacia,
aramed ganuyofeli ruseTi. ukrainis warmomadgenelma komu-
nistma zatonskim aRniSna X krebaze, rom poloneTis da
galiciis winaaRmdeg mimaval jars amxnevebdnen rusuli pa-
triotizmiT, ruseTis ganuyofelobiT. TviT saxelwodeba
`sabWoTa ruseTSi~ zatonski xedavs imave didmpyrobelobiT
ideas da ambobs: germaniac rom SemogvierTdes, nuTu maSi-

191
nac darCeba saxeli `sabWoTa ruseTio.~
rogorc ruseTis didmpyrobelobas, ðóñîïÿòñòâî-s, wi-
Tel patriotizms, da ruseTis ganuyoflobas, ise zaton-
skis protests aqvs Tavisi safuZveli. aq naTlad mosCans
buneba adamianisa, siyvaruli Tavisi erisa da samSoblosad-
mi, patriotizmi, marTalia, pirvel SemTxvevaSi zoologiuria,
magram mainc patriotizmia. amnair mimarTulebas, rasakvirve-
lia, lenini da saukeTeso komunistebi gmoben, magram misi
arseboba mainc faqtia. erTma Cvenma umaRlesma xelisufal-
Taganma erT Tavis sityvaSi gamosTqva, rom ruseTis didmpy-
robelobas unda vebrZoloTo. maS raSia saqme? marto CemTvis
xom ar unda iyos danaSauli didmpyrobelobis winaaRmdeg
xmis amoReba. sazogadoT unda iTqvas, rom is debulebani,
romelnic daedva Cems werils, ar yofilan umniSvnelo.
imnair viTarebisaTvis unda mieqciaT yuradReba da miaqcies
kidec.
erovnul cxovrebis mimdinareobaSi defeqtebis maCvenebe-
li faqtebio, mkiTxaven. ar vici saWiroa faqtebis moyvana
Tu ara. amboben, rom mdgomareoba axla uaresia, vinem iyo. im
dros, roca Cemi werili igzavneboda genuis konferenciaze.
uaresobisas me veras vityvi, radgan ukanaskneli weliwadi
patimrobaSi myofobisa gamo mowyvetili var sazogadoebriv
cxovrebas, magram Tu erovnuli cxovrebis mdgomareobis
uaresoba sinamdvilea, maSin saWiroa gamoirkves, sad aris
amis mizezi. Cveni komunistebis energia, romis moyvareoba
da qarTveli eris sakeTildReoT zrunva mrwams da amisTvis,
vfiqrob, amis mizezebi unda veZioT gareSe pirobebSi _
CvenSi moqmed gareSe Zalebis siZliereSi. imedia Cveni muSake-
bis energia SeebrZoleba am xelis SemSlel pirobebs da
daZlevs maT eris sakeTildReod. amjerad ki mainc moviyvan
ramdenime magaliTs:
a. dawesebulebaSi yvelaze ukeT me vicnob sagangebo ko-
misias, radgan or weliwadze meti Cemi cxovreba masTan iyo
dakavSirebuli. Cemi pirveli am dawesebulebaSi Sesvlis

192
dros Tavmjdomaris kabinetis karebTan mjdom darajs vkiTxe
qarTulad raRac, xolo man mipasuxa: `ß ïî ãðóçèíñêè, íå
çíàþ~. me, radgan vicodi rusuli, miviRe dakmayofileba,
magram ra qnas rusulis ucodinarma? mas mekaresTanac moene
sWirdeba.
afxazeTidan Camovida glexi, Svili hyavda dapatimrebuli
CekaSi da misi naxva undoda, iara mTeli ori Tve da veravis
gaagebia Tavisi survili, radgan CekaSi wamyoli moenis Sov-
na Znelia. mere urCies da TxovniT mimarTa Cekis Tavmj-
domares, ramac gasWra, miiRo dakmayofileba. magram ramdeni
daujda sawyal glexs Svilis naxva? wamosvlis dros gayida
xar-kameCebi saxarjod da dahkarga ori saukeTeso Tveebis
(maisi da ivnisi), rodesac afxazeTSi warmoebs xvna-Tesva
simindisa (soflis muSaoba).
daapatimres CemTan myofi mRvdelmonazoni efremi, gavug-
zavneT sadili qarTulad dawerili baraTiT, damibrunes ukan,
ar miiRes, baraTi rusulad unda iyos dawerilio.
iqve mopasuxe emudareba gamomZiebels, momiyvaneT moene
da malaparakeT qarTulado, gamomZiebelma ar daukmayofila
Txovna da daasabuTa amnairad: `Âñ¸ ðàâíî è ïî ãðóçèíñêè
òàêæå áóäåò âðàòü, êàê è ïî ðóññêè~...
b. fosta. im xanebSi, rodesac gavgzavne werili genuaSi,
Cemma kancelariam gagzavna saqmis werili duSeTis mazraSi,
daabrunes amanaTze rusuli warweriT, rom misamarTi rusu-
lad unda iyos dawerilio. erTma didma xelisufalma Tavis
sityvaSi gamoaqveyna Semdegi: `erTis fostis ufrosisagan
movida moTxovnileba: radgan saqarTvelos respublikaSi
qarTuli ena savaldebuloa, mogvaSoreT rusi moaxele qarTu-
lis ucodinari, romelic ver asrulebs movaleobas. es sa-
kiTxi mSvenieraT gadavwyviteT. rusul enaze mosuli tele-
grama rusma miiRos, xolo qarTul enaze qarTvelma. mx-
olod ar iyo moxsenebuli, im fostis ganyofilebaSi arse-
bobs Tu ara moxeleTa morigeoba da Tu arsebobs, ras izams
rusi qarTulis ucodinari, rodesac misi morigeobis dros

193
mova depeSa qarTul enaze. aris Tu ara amnairi privilegia
qarTvelisaTvis ruseTSi. magaliTad moskovSi, petrograd-
Si, vladikavkazSi da sxvagan, sadac qarTveloba blomadaa.
g. rkinis gza. ukanasknel dromde iq qarTuli ena gandev-
nili iyo. erTma xelisufalma Tavis sityvaSi ganacxada, rom
mTavrobas usayvedureben, rom rkinis gzaze saqmis warmoeba
ar aris qarTulad. axla muSavdeba kanon-proeqti, oris kviris
Semdeg gamova, romlis Semdeg qarTvel glexs SeeZleba
mogzauroba qarTuli enis saSualebiTo. am gancxadebam six-
aruli da taSi gamoiwvia. gamoqveynda es sasurveli kanoni,
romelic gveubneba, rom rkinis gzis sammarTveloSi saqme
unda warmoebdes rusul da qarTul enaze, rusi _ Tundac
qarTuli enis ucodinari mosamsaxureni saWironi arian, radgan
saqarTvelos rkinis gza Sesulia ruseTis rkinis gzaTa
cxrilSio. da sxv. imis gamo, rkinis gza SeuerTda ruseTis
rkinis gzebs. qarTvels, rusulis mcodnes, ar SeuZlia
araqarTul respublikis teritoriaSi sapasuxismgeblo adg-
ilebi daikavos rkinis gzis sammarTveloSi, albad imisTvis,
rom qarTvels ndoba dakarguli aqvs. amas winaT gazeTSi
gamocxadebuli iyo, rom rkinis gzaze momxdar raime gauge-
brobis Sesaxeb pretenziebi unda gaasaCivron sarkinigzo
centralur dawesebulebaSi, romelic imyofeba moskovSi.
nuTu ar SeiZleboda aq, TbilisSi daarsebuliyo amnairi
dawesebuleba anu ganyofileba mainc, sadac yvela qarTvels
Tavis enaze SeeZleboda miemarTa saCivriT.
d. amboben, rom umTavres safinanso dawesebulebaSi _
saxelmwifo bankSi _ qarTvelis samsaxuri iSviaTia da Tu
vinme msaxurobs, ukavia sul dabal mosamsaxuris adgili.
e. ganaTlebis komisariatSi mxolod SarSan gadavidnen
saqmis qarTul warmoebaze. 1923 wlis maisis TveSi gamovida
komisariatis brZaneba amis Sesaxeb.
v. raRac samedicino dawesebulebaSi undodaT aerCiaT
pasuxismgebeli mdivani qarTuli enis ucodinari. krebis
damswreTaganma ganacxada, rom saqarTvelos farglebSi mo-

194
samsaxurisaTvis qarTuli enis codna savaldebuloa, da ami-
saTvis mas `Ðàá, Ïðàâäà~-m uwoda Sovinisti da puriSkeviCi.
sxva magaliTebis moyvanas me ar Sevudgebi, magram ar
SemiZlia gverdi avuxvio im SekiTxvas, romlebsac aZlevd-
nen yofili menSevikebi xelisufalT 1923 wlis agvistos
yrilobis dros, radgan es SekiTxvebi xalxis survilebis
maCvenebelni arian:
z. Tqven ambobT, eubnebian yofili menSevikebi komunistebs,
rom ruseTis proletariati aravis miscems nebas, rom qarTu-
li ena iqnes daCagrulio. Tu Cveni respublika damoukide-
belia, risTvis Cvenma proletarebma, komunistebma da xe-
lisuflebam ar unda izrunos da miiRos zomebi amis Sesaxebo.
T. rodesac qarTveli msaxurobs qarxanaSi, valdebulia
is uyvardes Tavisi samSoblo Tu arao.
T. ra saWiroa iyo saqarTvelos dayofa avtonomiebad,
gansakuTrebiT ra saWiro iyo oseTis da aWaris respublike-
bis daarseba. saWiroa Tu ara yvela mazras, Tems da sofels
hqondes avtonomiuri uflebebio.
i. rodis gava ruseTis jari saqarTvelodan.
k. rodesac qarTveli glexi _ rusulis ucodinari _
midis romelime dawesebulebaSi, valdebulia Tu ara is
TavisTvis moene TviTon iSovoso.
l. miaqcies yuradReba tfilisSi xalxis gamravlebas da
cremlSi amovlebul ironiiT amboben: `marqsma sTqva, yvela
qveynis proletarebo SeerTdiT da aras dros, arsad ar
uTqvams, yvela qveynis ltolvilebo tfilisSi Segrovdi-
To~ da sxv.
CaukvirdiT am SekiTxvebs da Tqven darwmundebiT, rom
xalxi raRaciT ar aris kmayofili, raRac awuxebs mas da ver
grZnobs Tavs bednierad. CaukvirdiT da Tqven imasac dainax-
avT, rom me imisTana araferi miTqvams, rac sinamdviles
ewinaaRmdegebodes da momakvdinebel codvad SeiZlebodes
CameTvalos.

195
 SeiZleba vinmem momces SeniSvna, rom amdens vlaparakob
erovnuli kiTxvebis Sesaxeb da TiTqmis araferi miTqvams
eklesiis mdgomareobaze, magram gana saWiroa raimes Tqma
eklesiis mdgomareobaze? TiToeuli CvenTagani, romelic
xalxis cxovrebas ukvirdeba, naTlad xedavs eklesiuri cx-
ovrebis sinamdviles, xolo visac istoria uswavlia an gas-
cnobia odnav mainc. iman icis, rom amnairi devnuloba, rogorc
CvenSi moxda, istoriam ar icis, Tu ar miviRebT mxedvelo-
baSi qristianobis pirvel saukuneebs, rodesac morwmuneni
iZulebulni iyvnen TavianTi sarwmunoebrivi movaleobebis
aRsasruleblad CamZvraliyvnen katakombebSi, imnairi sisas-
tike, rogoric CvenSi gamoiCina komunisturma xelisufle-
bam, ar yofila arc ruseTSi da arc sxva sabWoTa federaci-
is respublikebSi. ruseTidan Camosulebi gancvifrebaSi modian,
rodesac gaigeben eklesiis mdgomareobas saqarTveloSi. amas
winaT gazeT `komunistSi~ (30 noemberi, 1923 weli # 276)
moyvanili iyo cnoba, rom ganjis musulmanur sasuliero
wodebis warmomadgenlebma didi britaneTis aRmosavleTSi
Zaladobaze moxsenebis mosmenis Semdeg gamoaqveynes wer-
ili, romelSiac kicxaven inglisis im agentebs, romelnic
aramusulman qveynebSi avrceleben umecrebas da crumorw-
munebas, sdevnian samRvdeloebas, saRmrTo uflebebs da Seu-
racxyofen musulmanTa wminda adgilebs. yvela amisTvis kicx-
aven britaneTs da madlobas ucxadeben sabWoTa xelisufle-
bas samarTliani mopyrobisa da misgan damyarebuli rwmenis
TavisuflebisaTvis. bednieri musulmani morwmuneni! maTSi
ar yofila devna sarwmuneobisa! bednieri musulmanuri sam-
Rvdeloeba, ramdenad win wasula igi sami wlis ganmavloba-
Si, ramdenad gauswria Cveni qarTuli samRvdeloebisaTvis!!!
vai, Cveni sircxvili! arc somxebis respublikaSi daketila
aramc Tu imdeni eklesiebi, ramdenic saqarTveloSi, magram
imedia, momavalSi Cvenc mogvecema rwmenis Tavisufleba.
sad iyo am sisastikis mizezi? amboben, rom amis mizezi
iyo TviT xalxi. mas ar undoda eklesiebi, samRvdeloeba da

196
sarwmunoeba, magram marTalia es? sasuliero mTavrobis war-
momadgenlis TandaswrebiT ekiTxaT xalxisTvis faruli xmis
micemis saSualebiT, Torem pirdapir gamoTqmas xalxi ver
bedavs, rom aman ar gamoiwvios represiebi an raime bugeul-
Si momxdari ubedurebis msgavsi. Tu faruli dakiTxvis Sem-
deg morwmuneTa ricxvi mcire aRmoCndeboda, maSin Cven Tvi-
Ton davketavdiT eklesias da morwmuneT mivawerdiT sxva
samrevlos.
gadmogvcemen, rom erT sofelSi (samegrelo) eklesiis
daketvis da mRvdlisaTvis mRvdelmoqmedebis akrZalvis Sem-
deg erT Rames mohgvares mRvdels samoci mosanaTli bavSvi,
ramdeni yofila am sofelSi morwmune? TiTo ojaxSi xuTi
suli rom viangariSoT, gamova samasi suli morwmune. axla
ramdeni morwmune ojaxi iqneboda, romelsac mosanaTlavi ar
eyoleboda. ai es da amnairi soflebi urwmunoebad arian
gamocxadebulebi. me xelSi mqonda da SeiZleba axlac mqondes,
aRweriloba abaSis eklesiis dangrevis istoriisa. bugeu-
lis eklesiis daketvis istoria sasamarTlos kargad moex-
seneba da sx. samegrelodan, amboben, mosanaTlavi bavSvebi
mihyavdaT da jvrisweraSi midiodnen imereTSi, afxazeTSi da
sxvaganac. yofila magaliTi TbilisSiac Camoyvanisa. micvale-
bulebs wesis augeblad marxavdnen, xolo wesis asagebad da
wirvis gadasaxdelad sawylebi midian Soreul adgilebSi.
amdenad didia Sewuxebao, amboben, magram SeiZleba es xalx-
isaTvis sasargeblo iyos sarwmunoebrivad da ekonomiura-
dac? ras gveubneba amnairi magaliTebi?
rodesac xalxis urwmunoebis mtkiceba ar gamodga sak-
marisad, devnulobis mizezad gamoacxades Cemi genuis kon-
ferenciisadmi mimarTva da daiwyes mtkiceba, rom manamdis
ar yofila sarwmunoebis devnao. Tu es WeSmaritebaa, maSin
xalxis survili aq ara SuaSia da Tu xalxis survili iyo
eklesiebis daketva, uCemwerilodac moxdeboda is, rac mox-
da. meores mxriT, sakadrisi iqneboda mTavrobisaTvis Cemi
danaSaulisaTvis xalxis dasja sarwmunoebrivad? magram vi-

197
kiTxoT, marTalia is mtkiceba, rom Cemi werilis gagzavnam-
dis ar yofiliyos viTom devna sarwmunoebisa? rodesac
axali xelisufleba myardeboda saqarTveloSi, me ganvagebdi
soxumis eparqias. ra vnaxe? soxumSi axali mTavrobis TiTq-
mis pirveli aqti iyo qarTvelebisa da afxazebisaTvis sakaT-
edro taZris CamorTmeva da gadacema rusebisaTvis, romel-
bic raodenobiT soxumis mkvidrTa erT meoTxedsac ar Sead-
gendnen da romelnic ar emorCilebodnen saqarTvelos ek-
lesias. meore, eklesiisaTvis ara sakeTilo zoma iyo sam-
RvdelmTavro saxlis CamorTmeva, Cemi iqidan ZaliT gamogdeba,
bargebis quCaSi gamoyra, Cemi komisariatidan komisariatSi
SeiaraRebuli milicionerebis saSualebiT tareba da Cemi
xuTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi xan visTan da xan visTan Tavis
Sefareba. me-3. karis eklesiis dangreva. 4. kancelariisa da
istoriisaTvis Zvirfasi arqivis sanaxevro ganadgureba da
naSTis samzareulosTan nestian oTaxSi Seyra, sadac sistemat-
urad nadgurdeboda. 5. saeklesio saxlebis CamorTmeva da
mRvdel-msaxurTa Seviwroeba, ris gamo zogierTi mRvdelT-
agani iZulebuli gaxda, sofelSi Seefarebia Tavi da Tavis
rigis Sesasruleblad iqidan eara qalaqSi da sxv. yvela es
moxda axali mTavrobis damyarebis pirvel Tvesave.
igive moxda foTSi, ris gamoc mRvdelmTavari, romelsac
bina waarTves, iZulebuli gaxda samsaxurisaTvis Tavi daenebe-
bina. sakaT. sabWos SuamdgomlobiT Sinagan saqmeTa komisar-
iatma gasca gankarguleba foTis samRvdelmTavro saxlis
dabrunebis Sesaxeb. magram adgilobrivma mTavrobam uyura-
dRebod dastova centraluri mTavrobis gankarguleba. ruse-
Tis centralizaciis sistemas mtkiced vicavT da vemor-
CilebiT da Sin ki ver gangvixorcielebia es sistema. Sina-
gan saqmeTa komisariatma SeimuSava proeqti, rom is Senobe-
bi mainc darCnen xeluxlebeli, romlebic imyofebian ek-
lesiis ezoebSi. proeqti damtkicebul iqmna cent. aRmas-
rulebeli komitetisagan, magram sisruleSi moyvanas ver
eRirsa. sakaT. sabWos saqmeebSi bevria magaliTebi provinci-

198
is daba-soflebSi saxlebis CamorTmevisa da samRvdeloebis
Seviwroebisa. cxadia, axal xelisuflebas Tavidanve etyo-
boda, Tu ranairi iqneboda misi gezi saeklesio saqmeebSi da
tyuilia imis mtkiceba, rom yvelaferi werilis brali iyos,
me amas ver davuSveb, imdenad ver davamcireb mTavrobas,
romelsac pativs vcem.
gareSe amisa unda aRvniSno erTi ram. istoria gvimtki-
cebs, rom devnuloba uZluria mospos sarwmunoeba. piriqiT,
SeniSnulia rom devnuloba aZlierebs mas, mecnierTa azriT,
pirvel saukuneebSi rom ar yofiliyo sastiki devnuloba,
SeiZleba qristianobas arc ki gaemarjva, Camqraliyo, magram
brZolam misca mas Zali arsebobis ganmtkicebisa. sarwmu-
noeba aris xalxis sulieri moTxovnileba. devnuloba am
moTxovnilebas ufro aZlierebs. is Rrmavdeba, ikumSeba da
gubdeba da amoxeTqavs gaZlierebulis ZaliT. ase iyo yvel-
gan, ase iqneba CvenSic, saqarTvelo ar iqneba gamonaklisad
sazogado kanonebidan. maSin xalxs dasWirdeba eklesiebi,
samkaulebi da Sesamoslebi. vin aRudgens mas dangreul ek-
lesiebs. daubrunebs Sesamoslebs da eklesiur aucileblad
saWiro samkaulebs? mizanSewonilad da mofiqrebulad Seg-
viZlia CavTvaloT Cveni mTavrobis politika eklesiis Sesaxeb?
me mesmis mxolod ideuri brZola, magram mowinaaRmdege
mxaresac unda hqondes ufleba Tavisi rwmenis dacvisa. ma-
gram kmara amis Sesaxeb, vinaiTgan axla TviT mTavroba mimx-
vdaria, rom misi moqmedeba gadaWarbebuli iyo. Secdoma
mouvida. es beWdviTac ki gamoaqveyna man, rac momaswavebe-
lia gezis Secvlisa.
Cven movixsenieT, rom xelisuflebam aRiara Tavisi Sec-
domebio. agreTve yofili menSevikebis yrilobis dros da
sxva SemTxvevebSiac komunisturma partiam ganacxada, rom
mas bevri Secdomebi mouvida, magram amis aRiarebis mas ar
rcxvenia. didad sasaxelo Tvisebaa. yoveli adamiani Secdo-
mis Svilia, Secdomebi mas Tan sdeven. misi Tandayolili
Tvisebaa, magram, rodesac adamiani ar jiutobs, rodesac

199
gulaxdilad misi aRiarebisa ar rcxvenia, es momaswavebelia
gasworebisa da winmsvlelobisa. me vfiqrob, rom Cveni ko-
munistebis dayofa or banakad _ centralistebisa da ukl-
onistebisa _ Sedegia ukanasknelTagan erovnul sakiTxSi
Tavis Secdomebis Segnebisa da erovnuli principebis miRe-
bisa. pirvelma partiam gareSe xelSemwyoblebisa gamo gaim-
arjva, xolo uklonistebi gariyul iqnen imis gamo, rom
didmpyrobeli erisTvis saWiro da margebeli iyo central-
izmi. zinovievi Tavis im werilSi, romelmac gamoiwvia
diskusiebi, ambobs: `iseTi qveynis mmarTvels, rogoric Cve-
ni qveyanaa, ruseTis (xazi Cemia) kompartias ar SeuZlia ar
iyos centralistur organizaciad~ _ (`komunisti~ 9 de-
kemberi, 1923 weli, #284). rogorc am sityvebidanac sCans,
komunistur xanasi suyvela erebisaTvis ar aris saWiro da
savaldebulo centralisturi wes-wyobileba, xolo ar aris
gamorkveuli sakiTxi, aris Tu ara margebeli saqarTvelo-
sTvisac centralizmi da, Cemis azriT, qarTul diskusante-
bisaTvis saWiro iyo mieqciaT umTavresi yuradReba am sak-
iTxis gamorkvevisaTvis.
sakavSiro cakis mesame yrilobaze moskovSi Cveni mTavro-
bis warmomadgenelma waradgina debulebis proeqti sadireq-
tivo komisariatis daarsebis Sesaxeb da amis saWiroebis
dasasabuTeblad Tqva Semdegi: `klasobrivi mxriT Cven varT
absoluturad centralistebi~. magram imave dros angariSi
unda gavuwioT ssr kavSiris xalxTa nacionalur Tavisebu-
rebebs da SevitanoT es Cvens konstituciaSi. centraliza-
cia, saerTo sakavSiro komisariatebi, Seeferebian sabWoTa
xelisuflebis klasobriv safuZvels. meore mxriT, Cven gva-
qvs komisariatebi, romlebic gamoxataven naciaTa miswrafe-
bebs da Seeferebian calke respublikebis kulturul-is-
toriul da yofa-cxovrebis Taviseburebebs, es komisari-
atebi absoluturaT avtonomiuri arian (`komunisti~. 10
noemb. 23 w. #259), aqedan cxadia, rom Cven gvaqvs mxolod
kulturuli avtonomia, magram isic ar viciT danamdvilebiT,

200
am sferoSic varT Tu ara sruliad Tavisufali da is sa-
direqtivo komisariati, romelic unda daarsdes, albaT
saWiroa am avtonomiur farglebis viTarebisaTvis. beWdviT
sityvas arc ki dausvams sakiTxi, gamoerkvia, aqvs Tu ara
qarTvel ers raime saqmeebSi damoukidebloba, arsebobs Tu
ara raime Tavisufleba. es kiTxva SeiZleba daisvas for-
maluri mosazrebiT, xolo namdvilad ki zemoT naTqvamis
Semdeg cxadia, rom saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs erovnuli
Tavisufleba. komunisturi moZRvreba winaaRmdegia saxelm-
wifoebrivobis arsebobisa da xels uwyobs mis sruliad
mospobas. stalini ambobs amis Sesaxeb Semdegs: `1917 wels,
roca Cven win, oqtombrisaken mivdiodiT, Cven saqme ise
warmogvedgina, rom gveqneba komuna, rom es iqneba mSromel-
Ta asociacia, rom biurokratizms dawesebulebebSi moeRe-
baT bolo da rom saxelmwifos, Tu uaxloes periodSi ara,
ori-sami xanmokle periodis ganmavlobaSi mainc, gadavaqcevT
mSromelTa asociaciad. praqtikam ki dagvanaxa, rom es aris
ideali, romlidanac Cven kidev Sors varT, rom imisaTvis,
raTa saxelmwifo ganTavisufldes biurokratizmis elemen-
tebisagan, imisaTvis, rom sabWoTa sazogadoeba mSromelTa
asociaciad gadaiqces, saWiroa mosaxleobis maRali kultu-
ruli done, saWiroa garSemo sruliad uzrunvelyofili
mSvidobiani pirobebi. imisaTvis rom saWiro ar iyos jareb-
is didi kadrebi, romlebic moiTxoven auarebel xarjebs da
mZime uwyebebs, romlebic Tavis daRs asvamen sxva saxelm-
wifo dawesebulebebsac (`komunisti~. 14 dek. 23 w. #288).
diax, TviT komunistebi darwmundnen, rom komunizmis ganx-
orcielebaze fiqri Zalian naadrevia. ganxorcieleba komu-
nizmisa moxdeba maSin, rodesac dadgeba is dro, rodesac
gaxdeba SesaZlebeli davinaxoT `Txa da mgeli erTad Zovdes~,
rodesac, rogorc winaswarmetyveli ambobs, saomari iaraRe-
bi saxnisebad iqnebian gadakeTebuli, rodesac kaci kacisTvis
ar iqneba mgeli, erTi sityviT, rodesac adamianis buneba
gardaiqmneba. marTalia es dro sanatrelia, magram es aris

201
ocneba, marTalia Zalian tkbili, magram mainc mxolod oc-
neba. davuSvaT, rom es ocneba SeiZleba iqces sinamdviled
da misTvis saWiroa mzadeba, TandaTanobiT ganxorcieleba am
idealisa, magram ver gagvigia, risTvis unda dawyebul iqnas
usaTuod saqarTvelodan, misi damoukideblobis gauqmebidan.
daiwyos TviT didmpyrobeloba da saqarTvelo _ cnobili
Tavisi wambaZvelobiT TvisebiT _ usaTuod miyveba mis ma-
galiTs. uamisod centralizacia _ wvril erebisagan Tavisu-
flebis dakargvis saSualebiT momxdari, _ margebeli iqneba
mxolod didmpyrobeli eris Zliereba-batonobis ganmtkice-
bisaTvis. ityvian, es saWiroa im kavSirisaTvis, romelic
arsebobs da margebulia patara erebis fizikurad Senaxvi-
saTviso, magram me vfiqrob, rom Tavisufal, damoukidebel
erebs Soris ufro samarTlianoba iqneba, vidre batonsa da
monaTa Soris.
erTma Cvenma xelisufalTaganma erT Tavis sityvaSi sTqva:
`1921 wlis ganmavlobaSi me kidev mesmoda saSiSroeba qarTve-
li eris erovnulad ganadgurebisao.~ SesaniSnavi erovnuli
Tvalsazrisis gamomxatveli sityvebia. bevri rames gamoyvana
SeiZleba am sityvebidan, magram sxvadasxva mizezebisa gamo
am xelad amis tvirTva ar SemiZlia. SevniSnav mxolod, rom
Tu mas mouvida amnairi saSiSroeba, sxvebsac da maT Soris
mec mqonda ufleba, dambadeboda igive saSiSroeba da Tu
damebada igi, gekiTxebiT Tqven, viyavi movale amomeRo xma
Tu ara? rodesac saxls cecxli ekideba, nuTu gulgrilad
unda vucqiroT im imediT, rom is TavisTavad Caqreba. me
vfiqrob da imedi maqvs Tqvenc dameTanxmebiT, rom Tu vxe-
davdi xalxis erovnulad mospobis saSiSroebas, movale viyavi,
xma amomeRo, xolo axla am movaleobis asrulebisaTvis vs-
dgavar saqarTvelos uzenaes erovnul sasamarTlos winaSe,
romelic masamarTlebs, rogorc damnaSaves.

erTma ara qarTvelma pasuxismgebma komunistma (da gaz.,

`muSa~-mac #20, 1924 w.) miTxra, rom me Cemis gamosvliT

202
gadavikide eris mSromeli nawili, magram romel ers gulisx-
mobs?! nuTu Cemi gamosvlis winaaRmdegi iqneba qarTveli
eris mSromelTa umravlesoba, romlis interesebisaTvisac
mindoda Semewira Cemi Tavi da Cemi piradi interesebi kide-
vac Sevswire. ara, ar davijereb. glexoba, romelic Seadgens
qarTveli eris 90% mets, romelic mudam dahyurebs dedamiwas
da rwyavs mas Tavisi ofliT, romelic misgan moelid Tavis
sazrdos, romlis winaprebis sisxliT morwyuli da ZvlebiT
gapoxierebulia samSoblos vel-mindvrebi, es glexoba, mwams,
mudam iqneba Tavis samSoblos mosiyvarule da mis Tavisu-
flebis ideis damcvels arasdros ar SeiZulebs da arc
gadaekideba.
darwmunebuli var, im qarTvel mSromelT, romelnic
qalaqebSi muSaoben, drogamoSvebiT mainc auZgerdeba guli
samSoblos bed-iRblis da mdgomareobis mogonebiT. qarTve-
li muSis damaxasiaTebelia is Tviseba, rom is iSviaT SemTx-
vevaSi wyvets kavSirs sofelTan. Sromobs da naSromis gada-
narCeni umetes SemTxvevaSi miaqvs Tavisi mamapapeuli ojax-
is mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad. CvenSi Zalian cotaa
egreT wodebuli bogano muSa. is darwmunebulia, rom misi
internacionaluri da kosmopolituri msoflmxedveloba ar
aris Tavis samSoblos siyvarulis winaaRmdegi, ama Tu im
erisTvis zrunva ar uSlis da ar ewinaaRmdegeba mis kosmo-
politur Sexedulebas. piriqiT, man icis, rom qarTveli
erisTvis zrunva imave dros aris kacobriobis samsaxuri,
vinaiTgan qarTvelobac ari am kacobriobis nawili. marTa-
lia, internacionaluri mimarTulebis ganviTarebis ganvi-
Tarebis procesSi ari erTi periodi, romelsac uZaxian san-
timentalur kosmopolitobas, romlis Sinaarss Seadgens
ocneboba mTeli qveynierebis bednierebaze da imave dros
misi mimdevarni ar aqceven yuradRebas Tavis ojaxs, Tavis
xalxs, Tavis saxelmwifos, Tavisas yvelafers ucxoelze
dabla ayeneben da aRfrTovanebulia yvela imiT, rac sxvisia.
mxolod imisTvis, rom is sxvisia. ar vici, gavlilia Tu ara

203
es xana Cveni eris cxovrebaSi. mxolod vici, rom amnairi
mimarTuleba iyo CvenSi da axlac arian zogierTebi, romelnic
mzad arian didmpyrobel erTan dakavSirebas Seswiron qarTve-
li eris Tavisufleba da erovnuli individualoba. amisTvis
gasagebia zemoT moxsenebuli SekiTxva: `qarTveli, rodesac
is muSaobs qarxanaSi, aris Tu ara movale uyvardes Tavisi
samSoblo.~ 1904 Tu 1905 wels Cveni samSoblos rome-
liRac kuTxeSi iyo SimSiloba da gazeTebma gamarTes fulis
Segroveba damSeuli qarTvelebisaTvis dasaxmareblad. erTma
quTaisurma soc. demokratiulma gazeTma gamosTqva, rom is
Tanaxmaa aagrovos Sewiruloba mxolod im pirobiT, Tu Se-
grovili fuli gaegzavneba germaniis muSebs. am gancxadebam
gaaoca sazogadoeba. SeekiTxen amis Sesaxeb bebels, romel-
mac ganumarta SemkiTxvels, rom germaniis muSebs im dros
ar eWireboda qarTvelobis Semweoba da urCia, rom izrunon
Tavis erisTvis, misi kulturulad amaRlebisaTvis, rom is
gaxdes Rirseuli wevri internacionalur ojaxisa da es
ukanaskneli iqneba samsaxuri kacobriobisa. imedia, axla amnair
santimentalur kosmopolitobas Cvens muSaobaSi ara aqvs
adgili, rom maT Segnebulad uyvarT Tavisi samSoblo da
maSasadame arc iqnebian winaaRmdegi Cemi gamosvlisa, romel-
sac sagnad hqonda Tavisuflebisa da erovnuli interesebis
dacva, miT umetes, rom me arasdros ar vyofilvar kontrev-
oluciuri mimarTulebis da arsad ar miTqvams muSaTa diqta-
turis winaaRmdeg. amis gamo me gavscem pasuxs muSebs da
imedi maqvs qarTveli eris mSromeli nawili ar Seasrulebs
am gazeTs `muSis~. rCevas da ar `damasamarebs~. ar mwams,
rom mas hqondes amnairi gadawyvetileba, radgan me aras
dros ar vyofilvar kontrevolucioneruli mimarTulebisa.

Cemi 37 wlis samsaxuri me movandome garusebis poli-

tikasTan brZolas. vibrZodi rogorc moqmedebiT, ise presis
saSualebiT, ramac SemZina auwereli devnuloba da Cems
cxovrebaSi ar minaxavs tkbili da myudro dReebi. orjer

204
ganvicade samSoblodan eqsorioba. orjer viyavi gadasaxle-
buli ruseTSi da orjerve samSobloSi damabruna revolu-
ciam (1905-1907 w.). gansakuTrebiT sastiki iyo CemTvis me-
ore gadasaxleba, romelic moxda 1907 wlis ianvarSi: warT-
meuli mqonda zogierTi uflebebi _ ar mqonda neba wirva-
locvisa da mRvdel msaxurebisa iseve, rogorc axla _ am
erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, mxolod im gansxvavebiT, rom maSin
es ufleba wamarTva saTanado mTavrobam, xolo axla saero
mTavrobam, romelsac amis ufleba ar unda hqonoda, Cemi
cxovrebis ukanaskneli TxuTmeti wlis ganmavlobaSi me aRvni-
Snav sam moments, romelic damaxasiaTebelia axlandeli Cemi
mdgomareobisa. meore eqsoriobis dros, mTeli 1909 wlis
ganmavlobaSi, Cemi saqme hqonda xelSi general-prokurors,
yofil iusticiis ministrs, cnobil Seglovitovs, magram
manac ver scno SesaZleblad is gadaeca sasamarTlosaTvis.
SesaZlebelia, am ararusebis moZulesac eklesiuri Tavisu-
flebis sakiTxi miaCnda imdenad naz da pativsacem sakiTxad,
rom misi sasamarTlosaTvis gadacema Seufereblad miaCnda.
amis gamo saqme mospo da me damibrunes uflebebi, garda
samSobloSi dabrunebisa.
2. 1917 wlis revoluciam momiswro q. staraia rusaSi,
novRorodis guberniaSi, sadac me viyavi daniSnuli monas-
tris winamZRvrad. revoluciis pirvel xanebSi st. rusaSi
iyo areuloba, saxlebis rbeva, Zarcva, da Cemi monasteric
gansacdelSi iyo Cavardnili, mas moeloda didi saSiSroeba
da ar vicodi, ra saSualebebisaTvis miemarTa. axalma rev-
olucionurma mTavrobam sruliad moulodnelad damibara
Tavis erT krebaze da SemekiTxa, Tanaxma var Tu ara, rom
mTavrobam ikisros monastris dacvao. me, rasakvirvelia,
Tanxmoba ganvucxade da madlobac gadavuxade mzrunvelobi-
saTvis. da marTlac amis Semdeg monasters ar hqonia aravi-
Tari saSiSroeba. amis gamo, rodesac petrogradSi gamiwvies
monawileobis misaRebad im delegaciaSi, romelic saqarTvelo-
dan iyo gagzavnili eklesiis Tavisuflebis rus. mTavrobis-

205
agan dadasturebisaTvis, sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi iq yofnis
dros sruliad darwmunebuli viyavi, radgan monastris dacvis
saqme uzrunvelyofilad mimaCnda, rasac daadasturebs aq
myofi delegaciis erTi wevrTagani, ra iyo mizezi monas-
trisTvis revolucioneruli mTavrobis amnairi yuradRebi-
sa? rasakvirvelia ara Cemi Tvalebis simSveniere, Cemdami
siyvaruli, ara maT Rrma sarwmunoeba da siyvaruli monas-
ter-eklesiebisadmi, radgan staraia, rusas revolucionere-
bi TiTqmis yvela ara qristianebi iyvnen, aramed is garemoe-
ba, rom me viyavi dasjili da eqsoriayofili saqarTvelodan
Tavisuflebis ZebnisaTvis.
mesame SemTxveva, romlis aRniSvna minda, exeba sabWoTa
xelisuflebis xanas. pirveli dakiTxvis dros, 1922 wlis
ivnisSi, damkiTxveli maZlevs kiTxvas: nikoloz meoris dros
viyavi me dasjili Tu ara. vupasuxe, rom mTeli Cemi samsax-
uri gavatare devnulobaSi da orjer ruseTSiac viyavi ga-
dasaxlebuli, magram nuTu esec minusia Cems cxovrebaSi-
meTqi. mipasuxa: `ara, es ucilobeli pliusi ariso.~
rodesac am sam moments viTvaliswineb axla, ver momix-
erxebia isini SevuTanxmo erTmaneTs. saqme imaSia, rom mizezi
devnulobisa erT da igive iyo rogorc nikoloz meoris
dros, ise Semdegac da ver gamigia, rodis viyavi damnaSave,
maSin, rodesac Seglovitovmac ki ver momca Tavisuflebis
ZebnisaTvis samarTalSi, Tu axla, imave danaSaulisaTvis, Tu
es danaSaulad SeiZleba CaiTvalos. Tu 1917 w. rogorc
Tavisuflebis mZebnels, pativiT mepyrobodnen revolucio-
nerebi, axla uaRresi socialisturi mimarTulebis dros,
rodesac gamocxadebulia mcire erebis TviTgamorkvevis
ufleba da, maSasadame, Tavisuflebisac, ver gamigia, risTvis
unda videvnebode da vidge erovnul sasamarTlos winaSe,
rogorc didi damnaSave.

Tu me vicavdi Cveni eri Tavisuflebas, Tu amis uflebas

maZlevs Cveni sarwmunoebrivi moZRvreba, Tu sabWoTa adgi-

206
lobrivi mTavrobis sawinaaRmdego ara miTqvams ra da mx-
olod vicavdi mis damoukideblobas, Tu me xma amoviRe
ruseTis didmpyrobelobis sawinaarmdegod, im didmpyrobe-
lobisa, romlis winaaRmdeg brZolas gvirCevs erTi Cveni
umaRlesi xelisufalTagani, Tu sabWoTa xelisufleba aRi-
arebs erTa TviTgamorkvevas, gafarToebuls politikurad
gamoyofamdis, maSin me ver gamigia, risTvis unda CamomerT-
vas danaSaulad eklesiis da eris Tavisuflebis dacva da
didmpyrobelobis dasagmobad xmis amoReba.
vaTaveb da vityvi, rom me Sevasrule Cemi movaleoba da
rogoris TvaliT Sexedavs erovnuli uzenaesi sasamarTlo
Cemgan erovnuli interesebis dacvis saqmes, amas dagvanaxebs
is ganaCeni, romelic gamotanili iqneba. aseve ganaCeni dag-
vanaxebs imasac, sabWoTa xelisufleba marTla iziarebs mis-
gan aRiarebul lozungs erTa TviTgamorkvevisas, Tu es mx-
olod idealia, romlis ganxorcielebas unda velodoT
Soreul momavalSi. yovel SemTxvevaSi, rogorc Cvens
winaprebs tkbilad miaCndaT samSoblosa da sarwmunoebi-
saTvis tanjvis miReba, agreTve CemTvis tkbili iqneba is
sasjeli, romelsac momisjis uzenaesi sasamarTlo mSobli-
ur eklesiis da eris Tavisuflebis dacvis mizniT xmis
amoRebisaTvis. es iqneba dagvirgvineba im jvarisa, romelic
Cemgan natvirTia da vatareb Cemi cxovrebis ukanasknel TiTqmis
37 wlis ganmavlobaSi.
Cemgan erovnuli interesebis dasacavad amaRlebuli xma
da msjavri, romelsac momisjis uzenaesi samsjavro, monax-
aven Tavis adgils yovelis qarTvelis gulSi, _ im qarTvelisa,
romelsac jer kidev ar daukargavs sarwmunoeba da samSob-
los siyvaruli. amiTac bednierad CavTvli Cems Tavs. rogorc
morwmune vityvi _ iyos neba RvTisa! _ da mogmarTavT qristes
sityvebiT: `asulno ierusalemisano, nu stirT Cemzeda, aramed
TavTa TqvenTa stirodeT da SvilTa TquenTa~ (luka 23,28).
(19, #10).

207
 sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis
morwmuneTa mimarT

`yoveli morwmune qarTvelisaTvis cxadi unda iyos, Tu

rogor satiral mdgomareobaSia saqarTvelos eklesia da
isic naTeli unda iyos, rom Tu droze ar iqna miRebuli
sawiro zomebi Cveni eklesia mTlianad ganadgurdeba. amis
mizezia sakaTalikoso sabWos utaqto moqmedeba, saeklesio
kanonebis ugulebelyofa droisa da garemoebisaTvis angari-
Sis gauwevloba. sakaTalikoso sabWom usamarTlod dasaja
saqarTvelos eklesiis yvelaze uxucesi mRvdelmTavari
episkoposi daviTi da moindoma misi quTaisidan mawyverel
episkoposad gadayvana, sadac arc binaa, arc saSualeba mis
Sesanaxad. mas brali wauyenes viTom eretikosobaSi.
episkopos daviTis mier Sedgenili saeklesio reformis
proeqti, piriqiT Zalian kargia.
episkoposi daviTi iyo kaTolikos-patriarq ambrosisTan
da mosTxova gadadgoma, es ara Tu danaSauli, aramed mova-
leobis Sesruleba iyo, romelic gamoxatavda samRvdeloeb-
is survils ar Careuliyvnen politikaSi...
quTaisis krebis mizania _ saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-
gamgeoba Caayenos normalur kalapotSi. gareSe politikisa
misi sruli avtokefaliis safuZvelze. Cven araviTari mwvale-
bluri reformebis momxreni ara varT... Cven reformebis
JiniT ar varT Sepyrobilni da arc vapirebT mis SemoRebas,
Tu amas saWirod ar dainaxavs saqarTvelos saeklesio kreba.
1926 w. 25 dekemberi.

208
 sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq
ambrosis

`warmovadgenT ra pirs dadgenilebisas danarTebiTurT q.

quTaisSi ama wlis 24-25 dekembers momxdar saqarTvelos
eklesiis episkoposTa samRvdeloTa da morwmune erisagan
krebisas, mowiwebiT gTxovT SexedoT Cvens moqmedebas, rogorc
droisa da Seqmnil garemoebaTagan nakarnaxevs. Cveni mizania
saqarTvelos eklesiis erTianoba, simSvide, simtkice. Cven
araviTari ganzraxva ar gvaqvs uadgilo da udroo reforme-
bi SemoviroT eklesiaSi, varwmunebT Tqvens uwmidesobas,
rom Tqvendami siyvaruli da pativiscema uaRresad gaRvivdeba,
rogorc Cveni, ise mTeli morwmune eris gulSi. ukeTu
gaiziarebT Cven TqvenTan TanamSromlobas kargi iqneba. war-
modgenili dadgenileba ar aris Tqveni uwmidesobis pirovnebis
winaaRmdeg, aramed gamowveulia mxolod saqarTvelos ek-
lesiis siyvaruliT.
quTaisis krebis Tavmjdomare mitropoliti qristefore~
`miviRe informacia, rom quTaisSi episkopos daviTis mier
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis nebarTvis gareSe
mowveulia saeklesio kreba, romelsac eswrebodnen sxva
eparqiebidan zogierTi mRvdelmTavari da sasuliero piri.
sakaTalikoso sabWom miiRo mxedvelobaSi, rom amnairi kreba
ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli saqarTvelos eklesiis davalebiT
_ ganaCina: quTaisSi Catarebuli kreba gamocxaddes ukanonod~.
kaTolikos-patriarqi ambrosi. (15, 324, 325).

209
 ndobis baraTi

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti endoba amis warmomd-

gens ioseb mreveliSvils, raTa man miiRos gansvenebuli
kaTolikosis ambrosis mier universitetisaTvis sicocxle-
Sive Sewiruli biblioTeka.
universitetis reqtori
1927 w. 5 aprili. Tbilisi. (12, 539).

patriarqis STamomavalni _ ana kldiaSvilis

mogoneba

ambrosi xelaias meuRle _ kesaria merWule mesame Svi-

lis _ anas (Cemi bebiis) dabadebas gadahyva 23 wlis asakSi.
ambrosi colis gardacvalebis Semdeg berad aRikveca. ke-
saria dakrZalulia ilorSi, samrekloSi, radgan ilori mer-
Wuleebis salocavi yofila.
kesaria merWules naTesavebi oCamCireSi cxovrobdnen. iq
mas Zmis Svilebi da SviliSvilebi hyavs. cxadia, amJamad
isinic ltolvilebi arian da maTTan urTierToba gvaqvs.
ambrosis soxumSi, kirovis quCaze saxli hqonda ezoTi. Semdgom
am saxlSi cxovrobda misi vaJi _ aleqsandre. maxsovs biZia
aleqsandresTan rom CavdiodiT, gzad ilorSi Cemi didi
bebiis saflavs vewveodiT xolme.
aleqsandrem ganaTleba peterburgSi miiRo. mas ori coli
hyavda. pirveli Zalian lamazi qali yofila. Svili ar hyavda
da megobarma afxazma aCuqa Tavisi vaJi _ vaxtangi, romelsac
ratomRac `uSkuras~ veZaxdiT. aleqsandre meore colma _
rusma qalma dinam ver SeiTvisa 6-7 wlis vaxtangi da mSoblebs
daubruna. miuxedavad amisa, urTierToba aleqsandresa da
vaxtangs Soris ar gawyvetila. mravali wlis Semdeg log-
inad Cavardnil aleqsandresa da dinas swored vaxtangi da

210
misi coli uvlidnen. aleqsandrem sikvdilis win saxli
Svilobils dautova. vaxtangi amJamad ltolvilia da zug-
didSi cxovrobs. adre galSi cxovrobda. amaswinaT Camovida
da Tqva, rom ambrosis saxli bombma daangria. vaxtangs xe-
laiebis gvari ar miuRia, mas afxazuri gvari aqvs, magram
qarTvelebis mxares ibrZoda da afxazebma pirveli areulo-
bis dros (rusTavelis Zegli roca daangries) daWres.
ambrosi xelaias ufrosi Svili _ nino colad gahyva
viqtor donduas, cnobil ojaxiSvils, varlam, karpez da
daviT donduebis Zmas. isini parizSi cxovrobdnen. iq samed-
icinoze swavlobda dondua. maTi erTaderTi Svili _ Tamari
ruanSi iyo dabadebuli. (aseTi sasacilo ram xdeboda,
saqarTveloSi sadac midioda, yvelgan uwerdnen rom dabade-
bulia rionSi...).
viqtor dondua _ ambrosis siZe, eqimi iyo, amasTanave
didad gatacebuli xelovnebiT da parizSi sakuTari antik-
varuli maRazia hqonda. pirveli msoflio omis win bebiaCemi
sorbonaSi saswavleblad Cavida da dasTan cxovrobda. ram-
denime weli iq swavlobda _ sabuTic ki SemogvrCa _ magram
damTavreba ver moaswro. revoluciis Semdeg sabWoTa xe-
lisuflebam gamoacxada _ vinc ar dabrundeba, sazRvrebi
daiketeba da aRar SemovuSvebTo. rogorc mamidaCemisagan,
(igi mamaCems deidaSvilad ekuTvnoda da me mas mamidas veZa-
xdi) Tamar donduasgan gamigia, amis gamo didi usiamovneba
qhondaT parizSi. bebiaCems _ anas dabruneba undoda, Tavisi
da _ ninoc daiyolia, magram misi meuRle viqtor dondua
uarze iyo. mZime kaci yofila, qalebis moyvaruli, amitom
bebiaCemma anam _ mtkice da Zlierma umcrosma dam iZala _
xeli mohkida ufros das. ninos, disSvils _ Tamars da
erTad gamoemgzavrnen parizidan. ker londonSi Casulan,
Semdeg fineTSi da iqidan gemiT peterburgSi. Tamari maSin
xuTi wlis yofila. Turme bavSvis sazRvarze gadmoyvanis
ufleba ar hqondaT. gemze bebiaCemma bavSvi leibebSi damala
da gaafrTxila ori saaTi xma ar amoiRo da ar gainZreo.

211
Semowmebisas Cemodnebi da mTeli bargi gaCxrikes, magram
bedad leibebisaTvis xeli ar uxliaT. aseTi wvalebiT Camo-
aRwies TbilisSi. nino meored ar gaTxovila. mkacri da
TavSekavebuli qali iyo. parizidan wamosvlas ar nanobda. iq
daaxloebiT rva weli gaatara. omis wlebSi nino xelaia
WleqiT daavadda da gardaicvala.
misi meuRle, viqtor dondua bolomde parizSi cxovrobda.
modioda informacia, rom eZebda Svils, magram aq iseTi
situacia iyo rom Tamari pasuxs ar scemda. bolos, ukve 16-
17 wlis rom viyavi, movida cnoba donduas gardacvalebis
Sesaxeb. antikvaruli maRazia parizSi da mTeli qoneba dau-
tova Svils _ Tamars. donduas araCveulebrivi biblioTeka
hqonia. es iyo daaxloebiT 1977-78 weli. amdenad SeSinebu-
li iyo Tamari, rom ar miakiTxa am sabuTs. araferi viciT
sad wavida is qoneba, naTesavebs vakiTxineT safrangeTSi da
gavigeT, rom donduas erTi momvleli qali hyolia saxlSi
da savaraudoa, rom yvelaferi mas darCa, an, rac im dros
xSirad xdeboda, sukma wamoiRo yvelaferi (Setyobinebac
sukidan movida) da samaxsovroc araferi darCenia Tamars.
patriarqis gardacvalebis Semdeg Tamari da dedamisi (am-
brosis Svili da SviliSvili) erT oTaxSi cxovrobdnen
sionis ezos ukan rom saxlebi iyo _ iq. saerTo da samza-
reuloTi. ninos qaliSvili Tamari bibliografi iyo. wlebis
manZilze sajaro biblioTekaSi muSaobda mxareTmcodneobis
ganyofilebis gamgis moadgiled, Zveli Taobis mecnierebi,
axalgazrdoba _ yvela icnobda da pativs scemda. Tamari ar
gaTxovila da STamomavlobac ar darCa.
ambrosis mesame Svili _ bebiaCemi ana, Cvili daoblebuli
gogona ambrosis wuTiTac ar mouSorebia. arc naTesavisTvis
miucia. ZuZus megreli qali awovebda, Semdeg rusi gamzrdeli
da da zrdidnen. saerTod ambrosi araCveulebrivi mama iyo.
samive Svili yvelgan Tan dahyavda. gadasaxlebaSic axldnen.
pirvelad gadasaxlebuli iyo peterburgTan, staraia ru-
saSi. bebiaCemma anam iq daamTavra rusuli skola da qarTuli

212
didxans ar icoda.
deda rom gardaicvala rusi gamzrdeli mouyvanes, Semdeg
staraia rusaSi mouwia cxovreba da swavla, rogorc ukve
vTqvi bolos sorbonaSi. ase rom TbilisSi dabrunebulma
mxolod rusuli da franguli icoda. kldiaSvilebis rZali
rom gaxda, mere sagangebod iswavla qarTuli. qarTul lit-
eraturasac kargad icnobda.
sxvaTaSoris ambrosim kargad icoda megruli. maxsovs
sandro Ziac SesaniSnavad laparakobda megrulad. bebiaCemic
Turme franguli aqcentiT laparakobda megruls.
bebiaCemi parizidan dabrunebis Semdeg frangulis Tar-
jimnad muSaobda foTSi. vasil kldiaSvili _ Cemi didi
babua, hyavda ori vaJi _ nikolozi da vasili. babuaCemi
nikoloz kldiaSvili foTis sadguris ufrosi iyo. mas
lenigradSi hqonda miRebuli rkinigzelis ganaTleba.
bebiaCemi da babuaCemi foTSi Sexvdnen erTmaneTs. maT
erTi vaJi _ gia gauCndaT. meore bavSvze fexmZimed rom iyo,
bebiaCemi daeca da imis mere Svili aRar eyola. ase rom,
mamaCems samwuxarod da-Zma ar hyolia.
mama da deda eqimebi iyvnen _ ftiziatrebi. SeuRlebidan
rva wlis Semdeg gavuCndi me _ erTaderTi SvilTaSvili
ambrosi xelaiasi.
ambrosis TbilisSi bina ar hqonia. sapatriarqos SenobaSi
cxovrobdnen. axlac imave SenobaSia sapatriarqo. erTxel,
mamaCemma, sapatriarqoSi stumrobisas maCvena mesame sarTulze
oTaxi, sadac eZina pataraobisas da fanjara, romlidanac
erT-erT monazonTan erTad uyurebda patriarqis gasvenebas
ezodan.
vici, rom sapatriarqoSive gardaicvala.* (SeniSvna: sapa-
triarqos aRniSnuli Senoba ukve CamorTmeuli iyo xelisu-
flebisagan. s.v.). mamaCems axsovda raRac SeSfoTeba, oTaxSi
Serbodnen, gamorbodnen... bebia 31 wlis iyo. igi kldiaS-
vilebis ojaxSi cxovrobda _ saiaTnovas quCaze. sapyro-
biledan gamosul patriarqs, rogorc Cans aRar tovebda

213
bebiaCemi da eqvsi wlis mamaCemTan erTad sapatriarqoSi
gadmovida sacxovreblad.
amboben, rom bebiaCemi sasamarTloze gamodioda da icavda
mamas.
mamidaCemma, Tamarma, ambrosis Tu raime nivTi hqonda Semor-
Cenili _ me gadmomca. CemTvis mouyolia: ambrosi metexidan
rom gamouSves Zalian mZimed iyo, Tirkmelebi hqonda da-
zianebuli da cixis sinesteSi ufro gaumwvavda avadmyofo-
ba. gamouSves imitom rom icodnen _ didi dRe aRar ewera.
da ai, metexidan gamosuli dasustebuli patriarqi martod-
marto, Zlieri neli nanijiT gadmodioda e.w. viris xidze
(axlandel metexis xidze). modioda Zalian didxans, sveneb-
svenebiT. xalxma etyoba dainaxa da sanam sionamde miaRwia
mTelma Tbilisma gaigo rom cixidan gamosuli patriarqi
sionSi midis. rodesac ambrosi sionSi Sevida taZari xalxs
veRar itevda... mrevli muxlmodrekili da damxobili Sexvda
Tavis patriarqs. sionSi Sesul patriarqs amdeni xalxi rom
daunaxavs, xelebi zemoT aRupyria da uTqvams: `madloba
ufals, saqarTvelo ar mokvdara!~ mamidaCemi mudam Tval-
cremliani ixsenebda am ambavs.
ambrosi xelaias bolo wuTebis Sesaxeb araferi vici.
bebiaCemi arafers yveboda. saerTod ar ixsenebda. dazafru-
li da daSinebuli iyo. yvela werili da nivTi samalavSi
hqonia Senaxuli, ise rom arc uTqvams.
misi sikvdilis Semdeg SemTxveviT vipoveT. kldiaSvileb-
is naqoni Zveli saweri magida gvqonda da uceb gatyda. ra
gatexavda imxela magidas, raRac daeca da ficrebs Soris
napralSi samalavi aRmoCnda. madloba RmerTs, rom gatyda
Torem daZvelebul magidas albaT ise gadavagdebdiT, rom
araferi dagvafiqrebda. saxlSi arcerTi foto ar iyo am-
brosisa. ase gadagvirCa wlebis manZilze, magidaSi gadanaxu-
li fotoebi, patriarqis piradi fotoebi, patriarqis pira-
di werilebi, sasamarTloze warmoTqmuli misi ukanaskneli
sityvis xelnaweri.

214
 ambrosi xelaias mTeli biblioTeka, piradi nivTebi, Tu ki
rame gaaCnda aq, sapatriarqoSi da soxumSi, konfiskacias
daeqvemdebara. erTaderTi roiali dautoves. mec maxsovs
soxumSi is roiali.
ambrosis hqonda oqros jvari, romelic sandro Zias dar-
Ca. gaiqurda is saxli da jvaric moipares. meore, vercxlis
jvars samalavSi malavda bebiaCemi. amJamad Cveni ojaxis
sakuTrebaa, Tuki rodesme gakeTdeba ambrosi xelaias iseTi
saflavi, rogoric am pirovnebas Seefereba, minda es jvari
gadavce eklesias, raTa saflavze minis qveS dasvendes.
gvaqvs kidev nivTebi, sapyrobileSi tusaRebisagan naCu-
qari. magaliTad qaRaldis saWreli da yaisnaRi, romelic
qaliSvils gamougzavna _ motexili Tavi aqvs da warwera:
`patriarqs _ mixeilisagan.~
miuxedavad imisa, rom rogorc mogaxseneT, saxlSi ambro-
si xelaias Sesaxeb ar saubrobdnen, dedaCems (e.i. ambrosi
xelaias rZals) Zlier eamayeboda aseTi saxelovani RvTism-
saxuris STamomavali rom viyavi da Cum-Cumad maxsenebda
amas. SesaZloa dedaCemis aseT ganwyobas isic uwyobda xels,
rom misi babua mRvdeli iyo. simon mWedliZe dedamisis biZa
iyo da ramdneime naTesavic sasuliero piri hyavda.
me bavSobidan morwmune var. dedac da mamac partiulebi
iyvnen, magram deda malulad cdilobda garkveuli eklesi-
uri wesebi daecva ojaxSi. ver vityvi rom Cveni ojaxi
eklesiuri iyo am cnebis WeSmariti gagebiT.
dedaCemi da mamidaCemi wirva-locvaze dadiodnen, magram
erTad _ arasdros. Cumad, cal-calke eswrebodnen wirvas.
mamidaCems, radgan sionis ezoSi cxovrobda, SeeZlo SeumC-
nevlad sanTlis anTeba ambrosi xelaias saflavze.
erTi ram cxadia. qveyanaSi Seqmnili imdroindeli viTare-
bisa da ambrosi xelaias gamorCeuli moRvaweobis gamo, mis-
ma Svilebma _ daSinebulebma, rom sasikvdilo manqanis msx-
verpli ar gavmxdariyaviT. yvelaferi gaakeTes imisaTvis,
rom Cveni ojaxi da misi kavSiri ambrosisTan SeumCneveli

215
yofiliyo boroti ZalebisaTvis. ambrosis gardacvalebis
Semdeg dakiTxvebze dayavdaT misi ojaxis wevrebi, emuqre-
bodnen, mTeli qoneba CamoarTves da iqidan gamoyolili SiSi
veRar daZlies.
ambrosis Svilebsa da SviliSvilebs araviTari wuxili ar
gamouxatavT dakarguli qonebis gamo. arc arafers
gamodevnebian.
mamidaCems arasdros aravisTvis miumarTavs dasaxmareblad.
ukadrisobda amas. sionis ukan rom daangries bina, gldanSi
misces. isic ki ver moaxerxa rom bina sadme axlos eTxova.
bednierebi iqnebodnen ambrosis wmindanad Seracxvas rom
moswrebodnen... vin ifiqrebda amas?!
Cemma meuRlem _ gia buRaZem 1987 wels. ambrosi xelaias
naxatebis mTeli seria miuZRvna, romelSic patriarqis por-
tretic aris. universitetSi 1988 wels moewyo am naxateb-
is gamofena. misi uwmidesoba da unetaresoba, ilia II rom
mobrZanda gamofenaze, mamaCemma mRelvarebisagan sityva ver
Tqva, TiTqos raRac gaeCxira yelSi da cremlebi wamouvida
_ xma ver amoiRo. Cemi ojaxidan yvelaze metad me davukav-
Sire cxovreba da saqmianoba eklesias. xelovnebaTmcodne
gaxlavarT. vmuSaob Sua saukuneebis kedlis mxatvrobaSi
(qarTuli xelovnebis istoriis institutSi). iseTi specia-
loba avirCie, rom Zalauneburad unda mcodnoda Teologiuri
sakiTxebi, wamekiTxa eklesiis mamebis naSromebi, vyofil-
iyavi axlos eklesiasTan.
sapatriarqosTan saqmiani urTierToba maqvs. amJamad var
saeklesio xelovnebis sabWos wevri da qarTuli siwmindeTa
Semswavleli ganyofilebis TanamSromeli.
meuRlec RmerTma iseTi marguna, romlisTvisac sarwmu-
noeba eklesia wmindaTa wmindaa.
myavs vaJi 21 wlis gia kereseliZe _ Wkviani, mSromeli,
mosiyvarule axalgazrda, romelic jer energetikulze swav-
lobda, miatova es fakulteti II kursidan da filosofi-
urze Caabara. amJamad IV kurszea.

216
 kidev myavs umcrosi qaliSvili, 11 wlis nino.
da kidev erTi ucnauri detali. 20 wlamde xorci ar
miWamia da pirvelad ZaliT maWames fexmZimobisas. (frinve-
lis xorci dRemde arc ki gamisinjavs) erT-erTma morwmune
eqimma mkiTxa, gvarSi vinme ar gyolia, xandaxan es gene-
tikuriao. marTlac, dedis mxridan mRvdelebi myavda, mamis
mxridan _ cxadia! merWuleebis gvarsac Tavisi madli gaaCnia.
gansakuTrebuli gansacdelis dros migrZvnia saocari,
auxsneli Semweoba, romelsac is gansacdeli CemTvis sasike-
Tod moubrunebia. Sinaganad darwmunebuli var rom es Cemi
didi babuis _ wminda ambrosi xelaias sulis Semweobaa. (31,
2-3).

217
 sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis
uwmidesi da unetaresis ambrosis mokle
biografiuli monacemebi

1861 wlis 7 oqtomberi _ daibada martvilSi;

187-1873 wlebSi _ swavlobda oCamCiris erTklasian sas-
wavlebelSi;
1873-1879 w.w. _ swavlobda martvilis sasuliero sas-
wavlebelSi;
1878-1885 w.w. _ swavlobda Tbilisis sasuliero seminar-
iaSi;
1886 wels ekurTxa mRvdlad;
1886-1896 wlebSi msaxurobda soWSi, soxumSi;
1882 w. dainiSna soxumis eparqiis xazinadarad;
1892 wlidan soxumis sakaTedro taZris kandelakia;
1893 wlidan soxumis pirveli keTilmorwmunea;
1893 wels daqvrivda;
1897-1901 wlebSi swavlobda yazanis sasuliero akademi-
aSi;
1900 wlis 11 noembers aRikveca berad da ewoda saxelad
ambrosi;
1902 wels dainiSna WeliSis monastris winamZRvrad;
1904 wels gadayvanil iqna ustmedi velickis sasuliero
saswavleblis zedamxedvelad;
1906 wels dainiSna daviT garejis ioane naTlismcemlis
monastris winamZRvrad;
1909 wels gadaasaxles rizianis monasterSi, wirvis ufleb-
is gareSe;
1910 wels sasamarTlom gaamarTla, magram samSobloSi
dabrunebis ufleba ar misces;
1910-1917 w.w. novgorodis guberniis, staraia rusas winamZR-
varia;
1917 wlis ivlis-agvistoSi awarmoebda molaparakebas
saqarTvelos eklesiis uflebrivi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb _

218
ruseTis saxelmwifoSi;
1917 wlis agvistodan saqarTveloSia;
1917 w. 15 oqtombers akurTxes Wyondidel episkoposad,
imave dRes ayvanil iqna mitropolitis pativSi;
1919 wlis 28 agvistodan cxum-bedielia;
1921 wlis 18 ivliss arCeul iqna sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis mosaydred. 5 seqtembers gelaTSi
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad.
1921 wlis 14 oqtombers Sesrulda misi aRsaydreba;
1922 wlis 7 Tebervals man gagzavna memorandumi genuis
konferenciaze.
1922 wlis 30 maiss mis winaaRmdeg aRiZra sisxlis sa-
marTlis saqme;
1922 wlis 22 ivnisidan SinapatimrobaSia;
1923 wlis 12 ianvars igi dapatimrebul iqna;
1924 wlis 10 martidan 19 aprilamde mimdinareobda misi
sasamarTlo procesi;
1925 wlis 10 marts igi gaaTavisufles patimrobidan;
1927 w. 29 marts igi gardaicvala, 3 aprils daikrZala
sionSi.
1995 wlis 18 seqtembers Seiracxa wmindanad.

219
 boloTqma

Tbilisis sionis sapatriarqo taZari TiTqmis dedaqala-

qis xnisaa. ramdeni mwuxarebisa da sixarulis cremlebi
daufrqveviaT mis WaRara kedlebSi Cvens saxelovan winaprebs.
gasuli saukunis 70-ian wlebSi, Cemi studentobis xanaSi
xSirad vstumrobdi am wmida taZars, sadac umetesad siwy-
nare da simSvide iyo. vxedavdi erT aristrokat qalbatons
babo dadians, romelsac davuaxlovdi, man miambo metexis
sapyrobileSi, rogor daumsaxureblad itanjeboda uwmide-
si da unetaresi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriar-
qi ambrosi, sakaTalikoso sabWos wevrebi, samSoblos Tavisu-
flebisaTvis mebrZoli qarTveli patriotebi. am droidan
gamiCnda survili rac SeiZleba meti mcodnoda uwmidessa
da unetares kaTolikos-patriarqebze, kirion II-is, leonides,
ambrosis, kalistrates, melqisedekis, efremis, daviTis Sesax-
eb. daviwye masalebis moZieba, rac ufro bevr masalas vec-
nobodi miT ufro rTuli meCvena misi qaRaldze gadatana,
magram RvTis SewevniT es movaxerxe. saqarTvelos marTlma-
didebeli eklesiis wmida sinodis ganCinebiT da sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis uwmidesi da uentaresi
ilia II-is locva-kurTxeviT XX saukunis ori wamebuli
patriarqi uwmidesi kirion II da uwmidesi ambrosi wmind-
anebad Seiracxen. maT wmida saflavebze yoveldRe cocxali
yvavilebia, cimcimebs kandeli... es aris im madlieri STamo-
mavlobis siyvarulis gamoxatuleba, romelTac bolSevikur
sasamarTloze am sityvebiT mimarTa uwmidesma da unetares-
ma ambrosim `darwmunebuli var Cemgan erovnuli interese-
bis dasacavad amaRlebuli xma da msjavri, romelsac mo-
misjis uwmidesi samsjavro, monaxaven Tavis adgils yoveli
qarTvelis gulSi, im qarTvelisa, romelsac jer kidev ar
daukargavs sarwmunoeba da samSoblos siyvaruli. amiT bed-
nierad CavTvli Cems Tavs.~
Tqveno uwmidesobav! 87 wlis Semdegac igive problemeb-

220
is winaSe dgas Tqveni saTayvanebeli samSoblo, Tqveni loc-
va, mfarveloba mas ise sWirdeba, rogorc XXI saukunis
dasawyisis cocxali legendis, uwmidesi da unetaresi sruli-
ad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-isa. Cven, Tqvens
STamomavlobas samSoblos, sarwmunoebis, urTierTis namd-
vili siyvaruli da erTianoba, awmyoSi warsulTan da mo-
mavalTan kavSiri.

sergo vardosaniZe
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori.
15.07.2009 w.

221
 damowmebuli wyaroebi da literatura

1. S. kakuria `q. Tbilisis mosaxleoba 1803-1970 wlebSi.

Tbilisi, 1975.
2. kaTolikosi ambrosi, Tbilisi. 1994.
3. s. vardosaniZe `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli samo-
ciqulo eklesia 1917-1952 wlebSi. Tbilisi, 2001.
4. arqimandriti ambrosi `WeliSis varianti qarTlis mo-
qcevisa~. Tbilisi, 1911.
5. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi kalistrate
(cincaZe) `Cemi mogonebebidan~. Tbilisi, 2001.
6. saqarTvelos istoria, XX saukune prof. v. gurulis
redaqciiT, Tbilisi, 2003.
7. saqarTvelos ssr kanonTa, saqarTvelos ssr prezidiu-
mis brZanebaTa qronologiuri krebuli 1921-1940 wlebSi.
Tbilisi, 1959.
8. g. cxovrebaZe `qarTuli politikuri emigracia da
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis sakiTxebi 1921-1924 wlebSi.
Tbilisi, 1996.
9. n. papuaSvili `ambrosi (xelaia) ruseTis saeklesio
politikis Sesaxeb afxazeTSi. Tbilisi, 2005.
10. j. gamaxaria, `wmida ambrosi aRmsarebeli da afxaze-
Ti.~ Tbilisi, 2006.
11. sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTolikoso sinodis uwyeba-
Ta krebuli, tfilisi. 1927.
12. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos arqivi, kaTolikos-patri-
arq ambrosis fondi. #539.
13. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo arqivi, episkopos daviT ka-
WaxiZis saqme #1523.
14. g. leoniZis saxelobis literaturis muzeumi, de-
kanoz nikita TalakvaZis fondi. #025-995.
15. saqarTvelos xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, kalis-
trate cincaZis fondi #102.
16. saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriis centraluri saisto-

222
rio arqivi fondi #5167
17. gazeTi `muSa~ 1924 w. 15 marti.
18. gazeTi `komunisti~. 1924 w. 12 marti.
19. Jurn. `mnaTobi~ 1988 w. #10.
20. `iveria~ 1890 w. 30 aprili.
21. `cnobis furceli~ 1897, 30/XI.
22. `mwyemsi~ 1897 w. 30 dekemberi.
23. amberi `mogzauroba raWa-leCxumSi~. Jurn. `ganTiadi~,
1916.
24. g. saiTiZe `wamebuli mSobeli qveynisa da eklesii-
saTvis.~ `istoriani~. Tbilisi, 2000.
25. xelnawerTa erovnuli centri, kirionis fondi, saqme
1319.
26. sityvebi da werilebi yovlad samRvdelo aleqsan-
dreze, Sekrebuli da gamocemuli zaqaria WiWinaZisagan. Tbili-
si, 1908.
27. kalistrate cincaZe `qaSueTis wmida giorgis ekle-
sia~. Tbilisi, 1994.
28. saqarTvelos xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. ambrosi
xelaias fondi #38.
29. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II
`epistoleni, sityvani, qadagebani~ t. III. Tbilisi, 2008.
30. sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTolikoso sinodis uwyeba-
Ta krebuli. tfilisi. 1927.
31. Jurn. `saydari~ 1999 #2,3.
32. v. guruli `mitropolit nazaris saqme.~ Tbilisi,
2009.

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 Sergo Vardosanidze

Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia his Holiness and

Beatitude Ambrosi (1921-1927)

Great is the merit of his Hiliness Beatitude Ambrosi in the

history of Georgian Orthodox Chu rch of the XX centu ry. His
life was fully dedicated to the Georgian Orthodox Chu rch.
Starting from Martvili Theological Seminary he continued
his studies at Kazan Theological Academy, but wherever he
was his thoughts were always hovering over Georgia. Due to
that fact Catholicos-Patriarch Ambrosi was always subject for
discrimination du ring the Tsarist regime and even after occu-
pation of Georgia by Bolsheviks.
Catholicos-Patriarch Ambrosi was an outstanding ecclesias-
tical figure for his tireless work carried out in Abkhazia,
Ossetia and Ingushetia.
His Holiness Ambrosi, desperately striving for restoration of
independence of Georgian Chirch, took active part in the
First Chu rch Congress.
Under the consent of His Holiness Catholicos-Patriarch
Kirion II, Archimandrite Ambrosi was blessed as a Bishop and
ar the same time he was ascended to the position of Mitrop-
olite. In the period of 1919-1924 Mitropolite Ambrosi was in
charge of Tskhum-Bedia Eparchy; later in 1921-1927 he was
the Head of Georgian Orthodox Church -Catholicos-Patriarch
of All Georgia.
In the memoranda sent to Genoa conference in 1922 as well
as in the court proceedings in 1924 Catholicos-Patriarch Am-
brosi, declaring the opinion of the members of Georgian Church
Council, condemned brutal activities carried out by Bolsheviks
and occupants in the country.
Notwithstanding the great efforts, Bolsheviks failed to destroy
His Holiness spiritually, but long-term imprisonment had had

224
serious effect on his health.
Catholicos-Patriarch Ambrosi passed away in 1927. He was
bu ried is Sioni Patriarchate Cathedral.
In 1995, on the proposal of Catholicos-Patriarch of All
Georgia Ilia II, Georgian Orthodoc Charch Congress made a
decision on canonization of the greatly suffered and tortu red
Patriarch under the name of Ambrosi the Confessor.

225
 wignis avtori: sergo vardosaniZe, istoriis mecniereba-
Ta doqtori, profesori, Tbilisis sasuliero akademiis da
seminariis saqarTvelos istoriis kaTedris gamge. saqarTve-
los sapatriarqos wmida andria pirvelwodebulis saxelo-
bis qarTuli universitetis sruli profesori. gamoqveyneb-
uli aqvs wignebi: `sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-
arqi uwmidesi da unetaresi kirion II-1993 w. sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi
leonide.~ 2000 w. `sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-pa-
triarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi efrem II. 2007 w. sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi
ilia II~ 2008 w. `sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patri-
arqi uwmidesi da unetaresi qristefore III~ 2009 w. `sruli-
ad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetare-
si kalistrate~ 2009 w. `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
samociqulo eklesiis istoria 1917-1952 wlebSi. 2001 w.
qarTuli erovnuli cnobierebis problemebi XIX-XX ss.~
2004 w. Tanaavtoria wignisa `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebe-
li eklesia XIX-XX saukuneebSi~ (inglisur enaze. Jeneva.
2006 w.).
dasabeWdad mzaddeba `XX saukunis qarTveli mRvdel-
mTavrebi~.

avtori wignis gamocemisaTvis aRmoCenili daxmarebisaTvis

madlobas moaxsenebs: iRumen ambrosis (maRlakeliZe), iRu-
men doroTes (yuraSvili), iRumen isaaks (Radua), biznes-
centr `kalasi~-s xelmZRvanelobas.

226