„jvaris“ guSagni.

malxeli gurjebis nakvalevze

Sinaarsi
1. legendebSi gadasuli istoria------------------------ 4
2. pirveli cnobebi daviwyebul TvistomTa Sesaxeb------ 6
3. malxeli gurjebis nafuZarze--------------------------- 9
4. rjulis gzasayarze-------------------------------------- 11
5. malxelTa sevdiani istoriis furclebi------------------- 13
6. ras mogviTxroben malxel gurjTa STamomavlebi---- 16
7. malxelTa saitze ganTavsebuli informacia------------- 53

„jvaris“ guSagni. malxeli gurjebis nakvalevze

1. legendebSi gadasuli istoria

Cveni qristiani winaprebi meoTxe saukuneSive dadgomian wminda miwisken
saval gzas. gadmocemiT, ierusalims TviT mirian mefec ki swvevia amaliTurT; masve
SeuZenia ierusalimis misadgomebTan miwis is nakveTi, romelzec mogvianebiT jvris
saxelobis monasteri aSenda. istoriul wyaroTa cnobebiT ki, pirveli, vinc qarTvelTagan
wminda miwaze gamoCnda, mefiswuli bakuri iyo. is iq romaelTa maRali samxedro
moxelis rangSi imyofeboda 382-394 ww.-Si. mis saxels ukavSirdeba bir el-kutis adgilze
qarTuli samonastro kerisTvis safuZvlis Cayrac. monastris arseboba, cxadia, gulisxmobs
am dros iq qarTvel moweseTa yofnis faqtsac. nazareTis xarebis taZarSi gamovlenili
grafitebi ki imis mowmobaa, rom Tu ufro adre ara, V saukunis meore meoTxedSi mainc
qarTveli piligrimebi wminda miwas ukve stumrobdnen. 338 wels ierusalimSi misuli
misi SviliSvili petre iberi arnaxuli masStabis samSeneblo moRvaweobas iwyebs
wminda miwaze; aSenebs sastumro saxlebs mwirTaTvis, did Tu mcire savaneebs,
romlebsac simbolurad iberTa monastrebis saxels aniWebs. zogierTi gadmocemis
Tanaxmad, axlandeli jvris monastris adgilze bazilikis aSenebis saTaveebTanac igive
petre idga. Tumca, sxva legendiT, am saqmis moTave, misive Tanamedrove mefe
vaxtang gorgasali iyo. juanSeris cnobiT, vaxtangi ojaxis wevrebTan erTad V s-is 60-
iani wlebis bolos Tavad Casula ierusalimSi mosalocad. gviandeli xanis gadmocemebiT,
TiTqos swored im dros augiaT qarTvelebs jvris monasteri, romlis dacvisa da
ekonomiuri uzrunvelyofis mizniT vaxtangs Tanmxlebi spidan specialurad SerCeuli
meomrebi iqve monastris maxloblad daumkvidrebia. juanSeris monaTxrobis safuZvelze
isic ki SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom es meomrebi
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mesxeTis mkvidrni iyvnen. marTalia, es gviani periodis legendaa, magram
masSi mainc moCans warsuli sinamdvilis gamoZaxili. sakmarisia gavixsenoT msgavsi
istoria Tundac imperator iustiniane I didis (527-565) mier aleqsandriidan da Trakiidan
(Tu anatoliidan) ojaxebiT gadmosaxlebuli meomrebisgan sinas mTis wm. ekaterines
saxelobis monasterSi mudmivi garnizonis Seqmnaze. dRes im meomrebis
STamomavlebi jabalias beduin toms Seadgenen da tradiciulad monastris movla-
patronobas, momlocvelTa Tanxlebasa da sxva samsaxurs ewevian. istoriidan aseve
cnobilia aTonis wminda mTis qarTvelTa monastris dasacavad da samsaxureblad Tavis
droze sofel erissoSi 40 qarTuli ojaxis dasaxlebis faqti. saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi
ramodenime aTeuli soflis saeklesio ymebi wminda miwis ama Tu im savanes iyvnen
miwerili da qiras uxdidnen maT. ymebs ki iqaur monastrebs wiravdnen rogorc qarTveli
mefe-mTavrebi, ise kerZo pirebic. samwuxarod, qarTul werilobiT wyaroebSi (maT
Soris, wminda miwaze Seqmnil xelnawerebSi) odnavi miniSnebac ki ar gvxvdeba jvris
monastris am guSag-msaxurebze. feodaluri xanis qarTul istoriografia usaxelo ymebis
bed-iRbliT, rogorc wesi, iSviaTad interesdeboda.
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2. pirveli cnobebi daviwyebul TvistomTa Sesaxeb
1757-1759 ww.-Si wminda miwaze mosalocad Casuli timoTe gabaSvili
faqtiurad pirvelia, visac Tavisi usaxelo Tanamemamuleebi axsendeba. wminda miwis
qarTul TemTan dakavSirebuli xangrZlivi istoriis mimarT Cveni mematianeebis
mxridan gamoCenili ugulisyurobiT SeZruli timoTe gabaSvili Tavis “mimoslvaSi” wers
Semdegs: “aw gancvifrebuli var didad, Tu rasTvis ugulebels yvnes qarTvelTa didni ese
da wmidani adgilni... kvalad amasca gankvirvebul varT, Tu ase rasaTvis umecar
iqmnen saqarTvelosaganni? erTi vinme rasaTvis ver moiwia aqa, aqauri ambavi Seetyo,
da anu qvazed anu wignTa Sina aRmoekiTxa es ambebi da saqarTveloTaTvis
euwyebina? aravisa smenies, Tu ierusalimi qarTvelTaTvis ra aris, da arca me uwyodi
aqauri eseviTari saqme. hoi me, ra didis ugunurebiT ars naTesavi Cveni!”. Tavad
timoTem uamravi sayuradRebo cnoba dagvitova wminda miwis qarTul kvalze. zogjer
isic ver scdeba legendebis farglebs (rogorc es, magaliTad, vaxtang gorgaslis mier
ierusalimis “dapyrobis” ambis Txrobisas gvaqvs). misi monaTxrobis konteqstSi egviptis
sulTnisa da “frangTa” xsenebis faqti, aSkarad migvaniSnebs sxvadasxva drois ambebis
erTmaneTSi aRrevis faqtze (Cveni saistorio tradicia ierusalimTan akavSirebs kidev erT
mefe vaxtangs, III-s, romelic 1299 wels yazan yaens xlebia laSqrobaSi). asea Tu ise,
timoTes is cnoba, rom “mcvelni qalaqisa ierusalimisani da mxedarni, romelica vaxtangs
ganuwesebia mun, mun dasaxlebulan, ena SescvliaT arabulad. da igini qarTvelni arian
garemos ierusalimisa arabni da efraTas arabnica, aw arabni ierusalimelni qarTvelni
arian”, sayuradReboa bevri TvalsazrisiT. is mowmobs XVIII s-is 50-iani wlebis
miwurulisaTvis ierusalimis SemogarenSi ukve safuZvlianad gaarabebuli qarTveli
kolonistebis STamomavalTa arsebobis faqts. amis Semdeg TiTqmis 125 wlis manZilze
aRniSnuli sakiTxiT qarTvel swavlulTagan aravin dainteresebula. ar Sexebia am Temas
1819 wels palestinaSi misuli g. avaliSvilic.
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1883 wels wminda miwas iqauri qarTuli siZveleebis mosaZieblad da
Sesaswavlad ewvia aleqsandre cagareli. is pirvelia, vinc qarTvel kolonistTa
STamomavlebis konkretul adgil-sacxovriss asaxelebs da bevr sayuradRebo cnobasac
gvawvdis maT Sesaxeb Tavis CanawerebSi: “jvris monastris siaxloves, 20 wuTis saval
gzaze, vadi el-verdSi (“vardis ReleSi”) mdebareobs mcire sofeli malxa, dasaxlebuli,
rogorc Cans, qarTvel kolonistTa STamomavlebiT. es sofeli ganTqmuli iyo vardis wylis
warmoebiT. axlandel droSi vardis kultura daqveiTebula: amJamad vardnaris didi nawili
saxnav mindvrebad gadaqceula. malxaSi orive sqesis 600 suli mkvidrobs. maT
daiviwyes winaparTa ena da rjuli, magram jerac axsovT sakuTari warmomavloba,
rogorc amas amboben isini, “Soreuli CrdiloeTidan” da Tavs “gurjebad”-qarTvelebad
moixsenieben, garSemomyofi arabi mosaxleobac maT ise uyurebs, rogorc mosulebsa da
ucxotomelebs. laparakoben isini arabulad da zogierTi Turqulad da berZnulad. isini
warmoadgenen jvris monastris mcvelebs da msaxuroben mas. maT upyriaT misi
mindvrebiTa da venaxebiT sargeblobis privilegia, da monasters moweuli mosavlis
mxolod mesameds uxdian; monasters ar SeuZlia am saqmis sxvisTvis gadacema
malxelTa mxridan seriozuli usiamovnebebis Tavze datydomis gareSe. SesaxedaobiT,
zniTa da CveulebebiT isini gansxvavdebian garSemomyofi arabi mosaxleobisgan. maT
sofelSi arsebobs nangrevebi, albaT, Zveli eklesiisa, romlis qveSac, malxelTa mtkicebiT,
inaxeba didi ganZi: nivTebi, Zvirfaseuloba da wignebi, romlebic maT bediRbalTan da
samSoblosTanaa dakavSirebuli. isini am nangrevebs krZaluli ridiT ekidebian”. sofelSi
im dros eklesiis nangrevebis arsebobis faqts adasturebs palestinur siZveleTa cnobili
mkvlevari Sarl simon klermon-ganoc (1846-1923). faqtiurad a.
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cagarelis cnobis Semoklebul variants sTavazobs mkiTxvels dekanozi petre
kenWoSvili, romelmac wminda miwa 1899 wels moixila.
mxolod ukanasknel wlebSi gaxda cnobili grigol feraZis dRiurSi gakeTebuli im
Canawerebis Sesaxeb, sadac moTxrobilia 1936 wels jvris monastris ukanasknel
mekliturTan – haji hasanTan da misi ojaxis wevrebTan Sexvedris ambavi. gr. feraZe
saxeliT moixseniebs aRniSnuli piris ufros vaJs ibrahim spirasac. saubarSi gairkva, rom
am malxel ojaxs memkvidreobiT ebara jvris monastris darajoba; maT jer kidev
hqondaT SerCenili bundovani xsovna Soreul winaparTa qarTul warmoSobaze. isini
stumrad iwvevdnen gr. feraZes malxaSi, hpirdebodnen iq arsebuli Zveli naeklesiaris
Cvenebas da a.S. magram, sabolood es stumroba gr. feraZis mouclelobis gamo ver
Sedga. amrigad daikarga CvenTvis Zvirfasi informaciis uSualod soflis wreSi
mopovebis ukanaskneli Sansi. Svidi aTeuli wlis Semdeg qarTuli samecniero eqspediciis
(xel. T. mgalobliSvili) wevrebma inaxules imJamad beTlemis kaTolikur monasterSi
TavSefarebuli xandazmuli qalbatoni, asuli aRniSnuli haji hasanisa, romlisganac mciredi
sagulisxmo informacia Caiweres. abu saidas (safiqrebelia, qmris) gvaris matarebeli es
moxuci qali am Sexvedridan mcire xanSi gardaicvala. qarTvel mkvlevarTa zogadi
daskvniT ki, Tavis droze samSoblodan wminda miwaze gadmosaxlebul qarTvelTa
STamomavlebi bolo as weliwadSi sruliad asimilirdnen palestinis muslimur garemoSi.
isini Tavs ukve aRar uwodeben gurjebs da aRarc TavianTi sadauroba axsovT. Tuki
manamde soflebis - malxasa da katamonis mkvidrebi mxolod erTmaneTze
qorwindebodnen, amJamad maTSi es tradiciuli urTierTobebi faqtiurad moSlilia.
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3. malxeli gurjebis nafuZarze
malxeli gurjebis Tema gasabWoebul saqarTveloSi pirvelad 1960 wels
amotivtivda, rodesac SoTa rusTvelis gamqrali freskis mosaZieblad wminda miwas
qarTvel swavlulTa jgufi (a. SaniZe, g. wereTeli, i. abaSiZe) ewvia. movixmobT mcired
amonarids i. abaSiZis “palestinis dRiuridan”: “saRamomde vdgavarT gorakze da
gavcqeriT am bibliuri qalaqis sanaxebs. ager xuTiod kilometris manZilze, patara sofeli,
Tu nasoflari. – ra hqvia am sofels? – “malxa”. raRac qarTul sityvas gagonebs es saxeli,
magram TiTqos arc qarTulia. – vin cxovrobs am sofelSi? – axla TiTqmis, rogorc
gviTxres, aravin. aqauri mcxovrebni palestinis am ukanaskneli omis dros sadRac Sors
gadausaxlebiaT. cxovrobdnen ki arabebi, romelnic ratomRac TavianT Tavs “gurjebs”
eZaxdnen. es ukanaskneli Taobac am soflidan ise gafantula da dakargula, namdvilad arc
ki gaugiaT, rom maTi Soreuli winaprebi marTlac “gurjebi”, qarTvelebi iyvnen da rom
isini, gadmocemiT, mravali saukunis win, qarTvelma mefem vaxtabg gorgasalma
datova aq, patara garnizonad, jvaris monastris mterTagan dasacavad ... malxa ...
malxa ... mSvidobiT, “saxiTa, zneobiTa da CveulebiTa” ucnauro arabebo ... ager guSin,
TiTqmis Cvens Tvalwin, dasrulda Tqveni sevdiani istoria”. miuxedavad imisa, rom aq
malxaze arsebiTad axali da ucnobi araferi Tqmula, qarTvel swavlulTa wminda miwaze
stumrobis amsaxvelma qronikam mainc sagrZnobld gazarda imdroindel saqarTveloSi
mis mimarT interesi.
1966 wels wminda miwas saqarTvelos televiziis muSakTa jgufic (g. pataraia, i.
rurua, g. melqaZe) ewvia filmis “rusTavelis nakvalevze” gadasaRebad. amjerad
informacia malxasa da mis yofil mkvidrebze ufro vrceli iyo: “goraks irgvliv Caudis
Zveli, dRes ukve gauqmebuli gza. ferdobebi dafarulia terasebiT, romlebzedac malxelebs
gaSenebuli hqoniaT vazi da xexili, baRnari da bostani. axlad SefoTlil xeebs Soris
tyemlebic SevicaniT... TviT sofeli ori istoriuli nawilisagan Sedgeba. uZvelesi mTlianad
nangrevebis saxiTaa moRweuli, magram am nangrevebSic gaarCevT Cveni TvalisaTvis
esoden nacnob arqiteqturul formebs da xazebs – naeklesiars, qviTkiris saxlebs
Cveneburi sarkmelebiT, buxrebiTa da TaxCebiT, Cveneburi yofis ganuyrel atributebs –
marans, qvevrs, dRes qvebiT amovsebuls. yoveli nagebobis qveS fexiT isinjeba da
Tvalic kargad arCevs miwisqveSa saTavsebs...
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malxelebi eridebodnen Turme am adgilebs. cxadia, es ukve ucxo religiuri
rwmeniT Cagonebuli krZalva iyo daviwyebul-gaucxoebulisadmi. albaT, amitomac Tu
aiyarnen pirvandeli nasaxlaridan da iqve, gverdze damkvidrdnen”, vkiTxulobT i. ruruas
STabeWdilebaTa dRiurSi. iqve is soflidan ayril malxelTa tragikul xvedrzec saubrobs:
“axla isini, albaT, sadRac usicocxlo udabnoSi, saxeldaxelod agebul qoxmaxebsa da
miwurebSi cxovroben, ukidures siRaribesa da gaWirvebaSi. ase gaqrnen da
gaiTqvifnen sxva modgmaSi sxvaTa miwaze Cveni erTi muWa Tanamemamuleni”.
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4. rjulis gzasayarze
malxas dasaxleba ierusalimis dasavleT nawilSi, Zveli qalaqidan 5.5 km-is
daSorebiT, zRvis donidan 750 m. simaRleze mdebareobs. es adgili ori velis – jvrisa
(arab. Vadi umm al-salib) da rafaimis gasayarzea. adgilobrivi gadmocemebis
Tanaxmad, malxel gurjebs aTvisebuli hqondaT orive maTgani; rafaimis velze maT
mohyavdaT vardis kultura. am adgils dResac vardis Rele ewodeba (arab. vadi el-vard,
ebr. Emek vradim). vardis Reles dasawyisSi, malxasgan aRmosavleTiT dRevandeli
ierusalimis kidev erTi sagareubno sofeli beiT safafa mdebareobs. rogorc amas adgilze
napovni mcire monastris naSTebi da 596 wliT daTariRebuli warwera mowmobs, am
midamoebs Cvens winaprebi jer kidev bizantiur xanaSi unda swveodnen. Tavdapirvelad
malxa gorakis ZirSi yofila gaSenebuli, mogvianebiT ki soflis mkvidrebma borcvis
Txemisken gadainacvles. Zveli malxidan dRes TiTqmis aRaraferia gadarCenili. soflis
am nawilSi, rogorc iTqva, uwin SeiniSneboda eklesiis nangrevebi, rac malxaSi qristian
mosaxleTa odindel arsebobaze migvaniSnebs. 1966 wels igi SeniSna qarTvel
kinematografistTa zemoxsenebulma jgufmac. malxas gamahmadianebulma
mosaxleobam, rogorc Cans, qristianuli warsulis daviwyeba amrigad scada.
qristiani malxelebis gamahmadianebis zusti dro ucnobia. SegviZlia mxolod
vivaraudoT, rom es erTbaSad ar momxdara da dasrulebuli saxe regionSi osmalTa
batonobis damyarebis Semdeg, XVI-XVIII ss-Si miiRo. swored aRniSnuli periodi
aRmoCnda sabediswero wminda miwis qarTuli TemisTvis. qarTuli eklesia-monastrebi
TurqTagan dawesebul maRal gadasaxadebs veRar ixdidnen, davalianeba dRiTidRe
izrdeboda, samSoblodan ki saTanado daxmareba ar Canda. am mizeziT XVII-XVIII s-
Ta mijnaze faqtiurad yvela qarTuli savane ucxoTa xelSi aRmoCnda. qarTuli Temis
ukiduresi SeWirveba-dacema negatiurad unda asaxuliyo jvris monastris samsaxurSi
saukuneTa manZilze myofi qarTveli kolonistebis bedzec. yofil patronTa mfarvelobas
moklebulni, amieridan isini sakuTari Tavis anabrad darCnen. rjulis Secvlas
Tanmimdevrulad mohyva mSobliuri enis daviwyeba, erovnuli cnobierebis
TandaTanobiT minavleba da bolos misi sruli moSla. momTabare beduinTa da
sxvadasxva juris avazakTa gauTavebeli TavdasxmebiT Sewuxebulma qarTvelma
moweseebma ukve XVII s-is meore meoTxedSi
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dacales katamonis monasteri (franCesko surianos cnobiT, beduinebma qarTveli
berebi amoxoces). Zneli warmosadgeni ar aris is, Tu ra mZime mdgomareobaSi
aRmoCndeboda im dros sofel katamonSi mosaxle arcTu mravalricxovani qarTvelobac.
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5. malxelTa sevdiani istoriis furclebi
 gavrcelebuli azriT, soflis saxeli malxa (al-malxa) arabulia da niSnavs
“marilians”. mas zogjer al-malixad an malixa al-suRradac (arab. “mcire, patara”)
moixseniebdnen. ebraeli mecnierebis azriT, malxas dasaxleba bibliaSi naxsenebi
qanaanelTa qalaq manaxatis adgilze mdebareobs da gviandeli dasaxlebis saxeli
“malxa/malixa” winamorbedi dasaxlebis saxelwodeba “manaxat”-is arabul yaidaze
transformirebul formas warmoadgens. samwuxarod, arc adreuli arabuli batonobis xanis,
arc jvarosnebisa da egvipteli sulTnebis regionSi hegemonobis droindel werilobiT
wyaroebSi es toponimi ar Cans. gvaqvs arabi mematianis baha ad-din ibn Sadadis
(1145-1234) cnoba salah ad-dinTan 1192 wels Tamar mefisgan gagzavnil elCze,
romelmac sulTans moaxsena ierusalimSi qarTvelTa kuTvnil “wminda adgilebze da
agreTve TavianTi dasaxlebuli adgilebis Sesaxeb”. kidev erTi arabi avtoris ibn fadl allah
al-umaris (1301-1349) cnoba, rom sulTanma 1347 wels neba darTo qarTvel berebs jvris
monastris maxloblad mdebare romeliRac soflidan SemosavliT sargeblobaze, rogorc
amas cnobili palestinologi denis pringli fiqrobs, SeiZleba gulisxmobdes swored malxas.
sofeli konkretuli saxelwodebiT (malixa al-suRra – arab. “mcire malixa”) werilobiT
sabuTebSi pirvelad Turq-osmalTa regionSi gabatonobisas Cndeba. is im dros osmaleTis
imperiis Semadgenel administraciul erTeulSi - ierusalimis nahieSi (livaSi) iricxeboda.
1596 wels Sedgenili osmaluri sagadasaxado davTris monacemebiT, sofelSi sul 286
mosaxle yofila, romlebic gadasaxads xorbliT, qeriT, zeTisxiliT, xexilis nayofiT,
TxebiTa da futkris ojaxebiT ixdidnen.
momdevno sami saukunis manZilze soflis mkvidrTa ricxvi, rom
gansakuTrebulad ar gazrdila, amas mowmobs frangi swavlulis viqtor gerenis is cnobac,
romlis Tanaxmad malxaSi 1868 wlisTvis sul raRac 200-ze meti mosaxle iyo.
imdroindeli mogzaurebi (edvard robinsoni, 1832w; mari eliza rojersi, 1862 w.; viqtor
gereni, 1868 w. ...) XIX s-is 30-60-ian wlebSi malxas cicabo gorakis Txemze Sefenil
erT mcire soflad warmogvidgenen, sadac im dros ukve mdgara meCeTic (umar ibn al-
xattabis saxelobis umoqmedo meCeTi minareTiTurT dResac dgas adgilze), romlis
siaxloves v. gerinis al-burjad wodebuli Zveli (rogorc is wers, jvarosnebamdeli, magram
ara antikuri droisa) koSki
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uxilavs. 1850 wels malxaSi hqonia dadebuli bina ierusalimis mTebSi erT-erTi
avtoritetuli gvaris - al-Saixas ojaxobas. malxasa da mis SemogarenSi gvxvdeba
adamianTa sadgomi gamoqvabulebi.
warmoSobiT malxeli swavlulis isa alanis cnobiT, arsebobs legenda soflis
saxelTan dakavSirebiT. am Tqmulebis mixedviT, soflis meCeTis mSeneblobisas
Senobis saZirkvelSi wyali Camdgara. is iqve maxloblad mdebare wyarodan Jonavda
Turme. mis aRsakveTad mSeneblebs wyaroSi didZali marili CauyriaT, ris Sedegad
wyaro damlaSebula da sasmelad sruliad gamousadegari gamxdara. sofelsac TiTqos
aqedan daumkvidrda saxelad al-maliha (“mariliani”). malxelebis xsovnaSi Semonaxuli
es Tqmuleba Rirebulia Semdegi TvalsazrisiT: gorakis ZirSi mdebare Zveli malxidan
soflis mkvidrTa gorakis Tavze gadanacvleba, rogorc iTqva, maT gamahmadianebas
unda mohyoloda. axal adgilze aSenebuli nagebobebidan erT-erTi pirveli swored
meCeTi iqneboda. 1596 wlis osmalur sabuTSi rom sofeli pirwmindad arabuli saxeliT
moixsenieba, es imis mowmobaa, rom am dros malxeli gurjebi araTu
gamahmadianebuli, aramed ukve deeTnizirebulic (gaarabebuli) iyvnen. soflis “mcired,
patarad” moxseniebis faqti ganmasxvavebeli niSani Cans ufro vrceli, albaT gorakis
ZirSi mitovebuli dasaxlebisgan, sadac, rogorc viciT, Tavis droze eklesia idga. legenda
gvexmareba imis dadgenaSi, rom malxeli gurjebis gamahmadianebas 1596 wlamde
hqonda adgili; savaraudod, maleve aq otomanTa batonobis damyarebis Semdeg.
amdenad, timoTe gabaSvilis ierusalimSi stumrobisas malxelebi ukve 200 wlis
gamuslimebuli yofilan da ra gasakviria, rom am erTi muWa xalxs im dros mSobliuri
qarTuli enac daviwyebuli hqonodaT?! swored islamizaciis Tanamdev deeTnizacias
unda mohyoloda soflisTvis arabulad transformirebuli saxelis “al-malixa” (an “malxa”)
damkvidrebac. samwuxarod, ucnobia, Tu ras uwodebdnen sofels manamde misi
qristiani mkvidrebi.
soflis demografiuli mdgomareoba radikalurad icvleba XIX s-is ukanasknel
meoTxedSi. 1883 wlis mdgomareobiT mosaxleobis ricxvi ukve gaormagebulia; al.
cagareli im dros aq 600 sulis arsebobaze uTiTebs. momdevno 65 wlis manZilze ki
SeiniSneba soflis mosaxleobis raodenobis zrdis uCveulod maRali dinamika: 1922 wels
– 1.038 suli, 1931 wels – 1.410 suli (sofelSi am dros 299 saxli aRiricxeboda, mkvidrTa
Soris ki 8 qristianic eria al saheris gvaridan), 1945 wels – 1.940 suli, 1948 wels – 2.250
suli. sazogadod aRniSnuli periodis palestinis demografiisTvis damaxasiaTebel am
ucnaur faqts Tanamedrove
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mkvlevrebi (mag., b. morisi, r. karka da m. oren-nordheimi, a. plaskovi da sxv.)
imiT xsnian, rom mTeli XIX s-is ganmavlobaSi palestinis miwa-wyalze aTeul aTasobiT
maRribeli, egvipteli, bosnieli, qurTi Tu sxva modgmis kolonistebis mZlavr
Semodinebas hqonda adgili. bevrma maTganma aq axali dasaxlebebi Seqmna, zogic
qalaqebsa da soflebSi gaibna. arabuli qveynebidan aTasobiT muSaxeli iqna aq
Semoyvanili britanuli mandatis pirobebSic; adgili hqonda sakuTari iniciativiT
Camosaxlebasac. amave dros negevis udabnodanac miaSures CrdiloeTiT dasaxlebul
adgilebs beduinma tomebma da sagvareulo klanebma. XIX s-is ukanaskneli meoTxedis
rukebze ierusalimis dasavleT periferiebs bani hasanis zedwerili aqvs. igi maqilis arabuli
klanis erT-erT subklans (arabTa nomatikur jgufs) warmoadgens. malxelTa dRevandeli
STamomavlebis didi nawili swored mas ukavSirebs Tavis warmomavlobas da maTi
winaprebis ierusalimSi gamoCenas sulTan salah ad-dinis mmbrZaneblobis droiT
sazRvravs. 1948 wlis 14 ivliss, ebrael-arabTa samxedro dapirispirebisas, frontis xazze
mdebare sofeli malxa ebraulma samxedro SenaerTma “irgunma” brZoliT daikava.
panikamoculma mosaxleobam sofeli ukve manamde, 12 aprils datova da Tavi beTlemis
mxares Seafara. gaukacrielebuli malxa 15 ivliss mTlianad ebrauli mxaris kontrolis qveS
gadavida. mogvianebiT soflis mitovebul ezo-karmidamoebSi erayeli da sefardi
ebraeloba Casaxlda. ukanasknel wlebSi malxas midamoebi israelis dedaqalaqis aqtiuri
ganaSenianebis zonad iqca. yofili arabuli sofeli da misi savargulebi (miwis saerTo
farTobiT - 13.449 arabuli dunami) ierusalimis centris erT-erT prestiJul ubnad
Camoyalibda. statistikuri monacemebiT, devnilobaSi myofi malxelebis saerTo ricxvi
amJamad 14 aTas suls aRemateba.
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 6. ras mogviTxroben malxel gurjTa STamomavlebi
ukve aRniSnulic gvaguebda im samwuxaro realobasTan, rom xalxis am mTlian
masaSi qarTuli warmoSobis malxelTa ricxvi imdenad mcire unda yofiliyo, rom Cveni
mxridan maTi gamovlenis mcdeloba TavSive uimedo Canda. mocemuli problemis
srulfasovani analizisTvis ki aucilebeli iyo malxelTa STamomavlebis moZieba da maTi
gamokiTxva. logikurad, SeuZlebelic ki iyo, rom ase ukvalod gamqraliyvnen 67 wlis
win soflidan ayrili malxelebi. dasaxuli amocanis ganxorcielebisaTvis internetze ufro
efeqturi saSualeba arc Canda da Cven swored misi meSveobiT davadeqiT dakarguli
malxelebis kvals. da isinic nel-nela, erTi meores miyolebiT gamovidnen kontaqtze.
sakiTxis Seswavla daviwyeT malxelTa sagvareulo Temebis dadgeniT, raSic
dagvexmara warmoSobiT malxeli swavluli isa alani. malxelTa sagvareuloebis nusxa
aseTia: favqseh, javariS (jvariS), mala, al uq, haraTin, safafreh, abu qaml, darviS.
TiToeuli es sagvareulo ramodenime mcire Tu mozrdil gvars aerTianebs. malxelTa
STamomavlebSi gavrcelebuli azriT, yvela maTgani bani hasanis modgmas
warmoadgens (zogierTi respodenti uTiTebs erayis qalaq najafze, saidanac gadmosaxlda
es tomi palestinaSi; zogic libiasa da marokoze), romelsac TiTqos sulTanma salah ad-
dinma misca samkvidrod ierusalimis dasavleTiT mdebare 9 sofeli da maT Soris,
malxac. sawyisi, dazverviTi xasiaTis gamokiTxvis Semdeg Cveni arCevani javariSis
sagvareulo klanze SeCerda. respodentTa sakmaod farTo wris gamokiTxvis Sedegad
dadginda am sagvareulo klanSi gaerTianebuli gvarebis saxelebi: al baSa, salama, al
helu, ajjaj, farhan, avaad, al qam, rizeq (razeq), lutfi, aTman, TaSTa, eid, odeh, basim,
abu daies. danarCen sxva sagvareuloebSi gvxvdeba Semdegi gvarebi: qaTamiS,
hmeidan, faraj, ramadan, asaad, aTraS, daud, Sararah, SarafaT, al xatib, xasavneh, abu
samix, muala, barxum, hanaS, saida, nareS da sxv. javariSis saxeliT cnobilia negevis
udabnos mkvidri beduinebis erT-erTi tomi, romelic XX s-is dasawyisSi CrdiloeTiT
gadmonacvlda da aqaur soflebsa da qalaqebSi cxovrebis binadar wesze gadavida.
gansakuTrebiT kompaqturad isini qalaq ramlas gareubanSi arian warmodgenili; ubani
dResac maTi saxeliT aris cnobili. TiTqos aq yvelaferi naTeli iyo, magram safuZvlian
eWvs aCenda is garemoeba, rom malxeli javariSebi kategoriulad uaryofdnen negeveli
beduinebis xsenebul tomTan maTi
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mxridan genetiur kavSirs. qvemoT am da sxva CvenTvis saintereso sakiTxebis
sailustraciod moviyvanT malxeli javariSebis sagvareulos zogierTi wevris naTqvams
(stili daculia):
ruba al qam javariS (30 w., amani): “Cven javariSi varT. es sagvareulo saxelia.
marTali giTxraT, ar vici ras niSnavs es sityva arabulad. Cemi piradi gvari al qam
javariSis SemadgenlobaSi erT-erTi mTavari gvaria. mamaCemi da misi da-Zmebi
malxaSi daibadnen. magram Cveni winaprebi odiTgan miwaTmoqmedebas
misdevdnen, ra kavSiri SeiZleba gvqonoda am beduinebTan, ver vxvdebi”.
aiman TaSTa javariS (31 wlis, beTlemi, malmio): “me malxeli javariSis gvars
vekuTvni. Cveni warmomavloba aranairad ar aris dakavSirebuli beduin javariSebTan.
babuaCemi sul imas ambobda, rom Cven miwis muSakni da fermerebi viyaviT
odiTgan. beduinebTan Cvens kavSirze mas arasodes uTqvams raime. sagvareulo da
sanaTesavo wreSic ar msmenia msgavsi ram”.
musa lutfi jvariS (17 w., beiT jala): “Cemi gvari lutfia, jvariSi var. swori forma
es aris da ara javariSi. sagvareulos saxelia, masSi Semavali gvarebi ki misi klanebia. 93
wlis babua myavs, Cemi sexnia, SeiZleba man icodes gurjebze raime, magram avadobs
da asakis gamo mexsierebasac uCivis”.
maram odeh javariS (24 w., ramala): “biZaCemi ahmad javariSi (igi 50 wlisaa)
ambobs, rom sofeli malxa Zvelad ar iyo sagvareuloebad dayofili da rom yvela es didi
gvari (sagvareulo) mcire gvarebidanaa warmoqmnili. is fiqrobs, rom sofel al malxaSi
winaT namdvilad cxovrobdnen gurjebi”.
jamal salama javariS (34 w., ramala): “me salama javariSis gvarisa var. javariSis
sagvareuloSi Svidi an meti gvaria gaerTianebuli. studentobisas me vikvlevdi malxas
warsuls, gamovkiTxe bevri xandazmuli malxeli manamde, sanam isini cocxlebi iyvnen.
am masalas siamovnebiT gadmogcemT, Tu odesme SevxvdebiT erTmaneTs. me Cemi
babuisa da bebiisgan gadmocemiT vici, rom Zalian didi xnis win malxaSi cxovrobdnen
qristianTa ojaxebi da es dokumenturad maqvs dafiqsirebuli. rogorc isini
marwmunebdnen, malxaSi namdvilad aris SemorCenili qristianuli kvali (reliqviebi)...
sxvaTa Soris, rizeqisa da salamas ojaxebSi umravlesobas qera Tma, cisferi Tvalebi da
TeTri kani aqvT...”.
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iman farhan javariS (20 w., ramala): “Cemi gvari farhan javariSs ekuTvnis.
mamaCemi ambobs, rom Cven uwin gurjebi viyaviT. gurjebi rusebi
(marTlmadideblebi?) iyvnen. Cvens winaprebs auSenebiaT jvrisa da katamonis
monastrebi. magram axla Cven mahmadianebi varT. gurji Tu qarTvels niSnavda ar
vicodi. CemTvis adre aravis uTqvams amis Sesaxeb...”.
reemi abu daies javariS (21 w., beTlemi): “babuaCemi malxelia. 87 wlisaa.
gurjebze vkiTxe, magram araferi axsovs. Cemma meore babuam Turqulic icoda... nuTu
Cemi winaprebi qarTvelebi iyvnen?! gaognebuli var. es CemTvis Sokia...”
rehamo farhan javariS (23 w., beiT-safafa): “javariSi gvaria. zogi ambobs, rom
es gvari mosulia ruseTidan, SeiZleba sadRac soWis mxridan, magram zustad saidan, es
aravin icis. me wlebis win msmenia, rom Cemi winaprebi romeliRac sabWoTa
respublikidan movidnen aq. gadmocemiT vici, rom Cemi didi babua (winapari)
msaxurobda jvris monasterSi; ras akeTebda is iq, ar vici. ojaxSi gagonili maqvs isic,
rom mas ekuTvnoda miwa jvris monastris irgvliv an is mas flobda raRac drois manZilze
da Semdeg ukan daubruna monasters. ufro zusti detalebi CemTvis ucnobia”.
saja al baSa javariS (20 w., ramala): “Cemi gvari javariSis did sagvareulos
ekuTvnis. dedaCemi gvarad farhania. Cemi bebia 73 wlis maisar al qami, warmoSobiT
hebronelia. misi gardacvlili meuRle anu Cemi babua mohamad farhani (gard. 1994 w.)
iyo. bebia ambobs, rom javariSis gvari iordaniis jeraSidan aris palestinaSi mosuli.
magram iordaniaSi saidan moxvda, es ki aRar icis. babua mohamadi ambobda, rom
Cven sadRac TurqeTis mxridan varT odesRac mosuli da gurjebs vekuTvniT. mas,
rogorc biZaCemi - obed farhani amas ambobs, xSirad uTqvams imis Sesaxeb, rom misi
didi babua (winapari) msaxurobda jvris monasterSi, sadac is kiTxulobda biblias. babua
fiqrobda, rom is qristiani iyo da SeiZleba xucesic ki. Tumca, Cven axla mahmadianebi
varT. babuis gadmocemiT, otomanTa imperiis dros gurjebis jgufi Camosula palestinaSi
qristianobis gasavrceleblad; maT auSenebiaT jvris monasteri da cxovrobdnen malxaSi.
gurjebs jvris garda kidev 5 monasteri hqoniaT palestinaSi. babuis sityviT, Cven Turme
im Zvel droSi aRmosavleTis eklesias vekuTvnodiT. Tumca, me ar vici ras
SENTRIES OF „JVARI” 2017
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niSnavs es. bebia maisaric ar flobs zust informacias gurjebis vinaobaze”.
respodentTa umravlesoba, rogorc vixileT, axalgazrdaa. ufrosi Taobis malxelebi
internetmomxmarebelTa Soris naklebad arian. umravlesi maTgani mSobliuris garda
sxva enebsac ver flobs. amdenad, am axalgazrdebma Cvens da maT Soris Suamavlebis
roli itvirTes. bevrma maTganma am procesSi pirvelad Seityo Soreuli, ucnobi
winaprebis Sesaxeb. is rac, magaliTad, saja al baSam mogviTxro, mas 2 wliT adre
uambobda biZamisi obed farhani israelel gids evgenia sapaevas. es faqti informaciis
wyaros sandoobis SemowmebaSi dagvexmara. am gadmocemebSi bevri ram
legendarulia, zogjer droSi acdenilic, magram farhan javariSTa Soreuli winapris jvris
monasterSi msaxurebasTan dakavSirebiT uneburad gvaxsendeba evropeli piligrimis
feliqs fabris erTi cnoba, mis dros (1480-1483) jvris monasterSi qarTveli berebis
colebTan erTad cxovrebis Sesaxeb. monaTxrobis sandoobas gansazRvravs agreTve
maTi mxridan saqarTvelos cnebis arcodnis faqtic. an ki saidan unda xsomebodaT, roca
erTiani saqarTvelo didi xnis win gamqrali, XIX-XX ss.-is periodis msoflio politikur
rukaze ki xan ruseTis imperiis, xanac sabWoTa kavSiris konturebiT iyo gadafaruli?!
miuxedavad amisa, respodentTa monaTxrobi gvarwmunebs, rom maTi uaxloesi
winaprebi mainc sworad orientirebdnen istoriuli samSoblos adgil-mdebareobis
gansazRvrisas.
SeiZleba Cven marTlac davagvianeT, magram faqtia, rom malxeli gurjebis
STamomavlebi ukvalod ar gamqralan. maTi kompaqturi jgufebis xilva jerac
SesaZlebelia beTlemTan da ramalasTan mdebare aidasa da kalandias ltolvilTa
banakebSi. isini kvlav ierusalimis Soriaxlos trialeben da iqedan gascqerian monatrebul
sofels, sadac fexis pirvelad dadgmisTanave igrZnobs qarTveli kaci raRac mSobliuris
surnels. xandazmul malxelTa rigebi amJamad SeTxelebulia. ociode wlis win maTi
ricxvi bevrad meti iqneboda. vin icis, CvenTvis mosayoli ramdeni ucnobi ambavi da
sayuradRebo gadmocema gaiyoles maT im qveynad?! malxeli gurjebis STamomavlebi
dRes TavianT Tavs palestinel arabTa nawilad aRiqvamen. bundovani xsovna maTi
odindeli gurjobis Sesaxeb ver cvlis am mxriv realur suraTs. isini imasac ver xvdebian,
rom es javariS-jvariSis sagvareulo klani sxva araferia, Tu ara ucxo eTnogaremoSi maTi
mxridan ukve dakarguli sakuTari identobis SenarCunebis umweo, qvecnobieri
mcdeloba; ver xvdebian, rom isini “jvaris” xalxi, odesRac jvris monastris
SENTRIES OF „JVARI” 2017
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samsaxureblad dadgenil gurjTa STamomavlebi arian. “jvaris” dakargvam
faqtiurad samasi wlis win gansazRvra qarTvelTa saxelovani savanis usaxelo guSagTa
tragikuli yismaTi. maT etapobrivad dakarges yvelaferi, rac ase eZvirfaseba nebismier
xalxs: jer winaparTa samSoblo, Semdeg rjuli, ena, gvarebi, bolos ki samkvidro sofelic.
erTaderTi, rac maT ar daukargavT, es imedia ukeTesi mermisisa...
winamdebare werilze muSaobisas sasargeblo konsultaciebis gawevisTvis gvsurs
madloba movaxsenoT Cvens arab da ebrael kolegebs: isa da mohamad alanebs, qamal
navaSs, mansur TaSTas, ilia mazias, evgeni ozerovs, evgenia sapaevas, olga kuklissa da
olga xaienkos. calke aRniSvnis Rirsia is saocari enTuziazmi da cnobiswadili, rasac
Tavad malxeli respodentebi iCendnen CvenTan urTierTobisas. darwmunebuli varT,
rom momavlis kvlevebi kidev bevr sagulisxmos gamoavlens mocemul sakiTxze.