sapfo 75

sapfo
(Zv.w. VII-VI saukuneTa mijna)

antikuri literaturiT dainteresebuli mkvlevarnica da mkiTxvelnic sapfos1

Zveli berZnuli lirikis upirveles poetesad aRiareben. Tumca Zalze didxans
Zv.w. VII-VI saukuneTa mijnaze moRvawe am didebuli poeti qalis Semoqmedebis mesve-
urni rTuli problemis winaSe idgnen. maT xelT hqondaT, erTi mxriv, antikuri
cnobebi, romlebSic Zveli samyaros saxelovani moazrovneni (alkeosi, soloni,
platoni, herodotosi, straboni, horaciusi, fsevdo-longinosi da sxvani) saqe-
bar sityvebs ar iSurebdnen sapfos lirikis Sesafaseblad, meore mxriv ki, Zalze
mcirericxovani fragmentebi, romelTa gaTvaliswineba mxolod miaxloebiT war-
modgenas iZleoda mis Semoqmedebaze. papirologiis ganviTarebasTan erTad
mkvlevarT berZnuli lirikis axleburi analizis SesaZlebloba miecaT. ufro
mravalferovani gaxda ara mxolod teqstebis gamocemebi, aramed is gamokvleve-
bic, romelTa mizani iyo ganesazRvra sapfos adgili msoflio lirikis ganviTa-
rebaSi. dRes aRaravis epareba eWvi imaSi, rom Zveli samyaros saxelovani adamiane-
bi ar cdebodnen, rodesac sapfos `meaTe muzad~ aRiarebdnen (platoni, AG IX 506),
an `gasaocar arsebad~ moixseniebdnen da dasZendnen: `... Cven ar gveguleba sxva poe-
tesa, romelic mcireoden mainc Tu gautoldeboda sapfos poeturi mSvenierebiT~
(straboni, XIII 617). samarTlianoba moiTxovs aRiniSnos, rom antikurma esTetikam
sapfos poezia saTanadod Seafasa ra, naTlad warmoaCina misi avtoris Semoqmede-
biTi portreti, romelic dResac ar kargavs Tavis mniSvnelobasa da STambeWdao-
bas. Tumca unda gaviTvaliswinoT isic, rom droTa ganmavlobaSi igi legendebi-
Tac Seimosa.2 Tanamedrove mkvlevarisaTvis ar aris rTuli, erTmaneTisgan gana-
calkevos realuri da legendaruli sapfos Sesaxeb arsebul gadmocemebSi.
upirveles yovlisa vnaxoT, romel realur faqtebs SeiZleba vendoT: sapfos
cxovrebis amsaxveli cnobebi moipoveba iseT avtorebTan, rogorebic arian hero-
dotosi, straboni, ovidiusi, aTeneosi, maqsimos tiroseli, elianusi, himeriosi
da sxva. 1922 wels gamoqveynda fragmentebi, romelSic aRniSnulia, rom biografia
Sedgenilia qameleonis Txzulebis mixedviT. sapfos cxovrebis aq warmodgenili
cnobebi msgavsia svidas leqsikonSi dadasturebuli biografiisa. am cnobaTa gaT-
valiswinebiT dadgenilia, rom sapfo daibada kunZul lesbosis qalaq eresosSi,
Tumca mTeli cxovreba qalaq mitileneSi gaatara. igi tiran pitakosisa da poet

1
antikur samyaroSi sapfos saxelis ramdenime varianti dasturdeba. Tavad poetesa Tavis Tavs
fsapfos (Yavpfw) uwodebs. es saxeli ar aris berZnuli warmomavlobis, mas mcireaziul enob-
riv samyaros ukavSireben mecnierebi.
2
vrclad sapfos SemoqmedebiT portrets SegiZliaT gaecnoT wignSi: n. tonia, sapfos poeturi
samyaro, Tbilisi, 1991. warmodgenil fragmentebs vuTiTebT lobel-peijis gamocemis mixedviT.
76 sapfo

alkeosis Tanamedrove yofila, Sesabamisad, moRvaweobda Zv.w. VII-VI saukuneTa mij-

naze. `parosis qronika~ gvamcnobs, rom aristokratTa devnis dros, VI saukunis
pirvel wlebSi, sapfo mitilenedan siciliaze gaqceula. varaudoben, rom igi
warCinebuli ojaxidan unda yofiliyo da, amdenad, pitakosis risxva masac unda
Sexeboda. sapfos leqsebSi ar Cans samoqalaqo brZolaTa Sefasebis kvali, amitom,
mkvlevarTa azriT, igi gadasaxlebaSi unda gahyoloda Tavis qmars, lesbosel
aristokrats, romelsac politikuri brZolebis dros devnidnen. is iyo mdidari
kaci kunZul androsidan, saxelad kerkilasi. cnobilia, rom Zv.w. 580 wlis maxlo-
bel xanebSi pitakosma amnistia gamoacxada. sapfoc am droisaTvis unda dabrune-
buliyo mitileneSi.
gadmocemaTa Tanaxmad, mas hyavda qaliSvili, saxelad kleisi, msgavsi saxeli un-
da rqmeoda poetis dedasac; mamas erqva skamandrosi. sapfos sami Zma hyolia _ eri-
giosi, lariqosi da qaraqsosi. umcross, lariqoss warCinebulTa gvarisTvis Sesa-
ferisi Tanamdeboba ekava _ igi pritaneionSi sapatio stumrebs Rvinos awodebda.
rac Seexeba ufros Zmas _ qaraqsos, is erTxel mitilenedan samogzaurod wasula
egvipteSi, sadac hetera doriqa Sehyvarebia da didi Tanxa gauRia mis gamosasyi-
dad. aman sapfos guliswyroma gamoiwvia, rac aRniSna kidec Tavis simRerebSi.
erigiosis Taobaze mxolod is aris cnobili, rom monawileobda romeliRac
brZolaSi.
rogorc varaudoben, sapfo yofila tanmorCili da Savgremani. Cvenamde moaR-
wia misma ramdenime gamosaxulebam. maT Soris yvelaze sainteresod miiCneven cno-
bil miunxenur larnaks sapfosa da alkeosis gamosaxulebiT (Zv.w. VI s.).
rogorc Cans, gadasaxlebidan dabrunebuli TiTqmis ormoc wels mitanebuli
sapfo saTaveSi udgeba warCinebul qaliSvilTa wres (an salons). swored misi
cxovrebis am nawils ukavSirdeba is legendebi, romelTa mimarT interesi sauku-
neTa ganmavlobaSi ar Camcxrala. erT-erTi legendis Tanaxmad, sapfos mSvenieri
Wabuki faoni Sehyvarebia. uimedo vnebaTaRelvas ayolils Tavi mouklavs, gadaS-
vebula ra levkadis kldidan amRvreul zRvaSi (straboni, X 452). sxva legenda ki
gvamcnobs, TiTqos sapfo iyo hetera, arTobda kacebs, magram WeSmariti vnebiT
mxolod axalgazrda qaliSvilebisaken iswrafoda. maT uZRvnida Tavis simRerebs
(maqsimos tiroseli, 18, 9). am arabunebrivi siyvarulis saxelwodebad dRemde Se-
morCa `sapfouri~ an `lesbosuri~, rameTu sapfo kunZul lesbosis mkvidri iyo.
sapfos pirovnebiT dainteresebas mravalma garemoebam Seuwyo xeli. yvelaze
metad ki iman, rom misi Semoqmedebis didi nawili qalwulebs eZRvneboda. maTi
STagonebiT qmnida poeti Tavis simRerebs, romlebSic Caqsovili iyo misi emociu-
ri bunebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mZafri gancdebi da ltolvebi. ratom? amaSi
rom gaverkveT, upirveles yovlisa unda warmovidginoT im periodis kunZuli
lesbosi, sapfos samSoblo.
antikuri tradicia lesboss xmelTaSua zRvis Svid udides da umniSvnelovanes
kunZulTa Soris moixseniebs (straboni, 612). eolielebiT dasaxlebul am mSvenier
da mdidar kunZulze saintereso Tavisebureba dasturdeba: aq qalebi damoukide-
belni da Tavisufalni iyvnen, maSin rodesac imave periodis atikaSi isini mkacrad
gansazRvrul ojaxur wesebs emorCilebodnen. im Soreul epoqaSi lesbosze mat-
rilinealuri tradiciebi jer kidev ar iyo gamqrali. albaT amitom aristokra-
tuli gvaris Camomavali kacebisaTvis arsebula e.w. mamrTa saidumlo kavSirebi.
savaraudoa, rom kacebi Tavisi drois umetes nawils iq atarebdnen. Tavis istori-
ul rols, romelic matrilinealuri gadmonaSTebis winaaRmdeg brZolasa da
ekonomiurad Zlieri patrilinealuri Zalauflebis damkvidrebas gulisxmobda,
eolidis mamrTa saidumlo gaerTianebebi aRasrulebdnen religiuri morCilebis
taqtikiT. es iyo ritualTa da rwmenaTa mTeli sistema, romelic mosaxleobaze
magiurad moqmedebda. rogorc socialuri organizacia, es saidumlo kavSirebi
sapfo 77

mdidar aristokratTa Rarib mosaxleobaze batonobis erTgvari iaraRic iyo.

kunZul lesbosze am saidumlo gaerTianebebSi mamrTa miReba xdeboda bavSvobis
asakidan, uceremoniod, magram garkveuli gadasaxadiT. axalziarebulni icavdnen
garkveul wesebs, monawileobdnen mniSvnelovan wesisgebebsa da religiur zeimeb-
Si, romlebic mamrTa saidumlo kavSirebis mfarvel RvTaebaTa wminda WalebSi
imarTeboda.
iseve, rogorc kacebs, kunZul lesbosze qalebsac hqondaT TavSesayari adgi-
lebi, hyavdaT rCeuli RvTaebebi, romlebsac Tayvans scemdnen da romelTa keTil-
ganwyobis mosapovebladac sagangebo ritualebs aRasrulebdnen. amis Tqmis saSu-
alebas gvaZlevs, upirveles yovlisa, sapfos lirika. samwuxarod, arqauli epoqis
berZenTa religiuri cxovrebis Sesaxeb arqeologiuri masala ganzogadebaTa
aramyar safuZvels iZleva. mecnierebi iZulebulni arian ZiriTadad daeyrdnon am
periodis mxatvrul nawarmoebebs. miuxedavad maTi fragmentuli xasiaTisa, swo-
red aq mopovebuli informaciaa umTavresi epoqis sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis su-
raTis warmosadgenad. is, rom sapfosa da mis garSemo Semokrebil qaliSvilTa sa-
Tayvanebeli qalRmerTi iyo afrodite, es jer kidev aleqsandrielma swavluleb-
ma (Zv.w. III s.) daadgines da, Sesabamisad, berZeni poeti qalis simReraTa gamocemaSi
pirvel adgilze am RvTaebisadmi miZRvnili himni moaTavses. sapfos Cvenamde moR-
weuli simRerebis didi nawili swored afrodites eZRvneba, ufro didi nawili
ki siyvarulis im mSvenierebis gancdas, romelsac es RvTaeba uZRvnida adamianebs.
sapfos uTqvams, rom mas muzebi aniWebdnen WeSmarit bednierebas (elianusi,
aristid. sity. 28, 51), amitomac eTayvaneboda muzebs, xolo im adgils, sadac Tavs
iyridnen saidumlos ziarebuli qaliSvilebi, uwodebda `muzis msaxurTa saxls~
(`moisopolw'n dovmwi fr. 150). aravis miuCnevia sakamaTod is, rom sapfo am saxlis wi-
namZRvari iyo. mis mier aRiarebuli kulti (afrodite) ganapirobebda saidumlos
ziarebulTa cxovrebis wessa Tu Semoqmedebis Tematikas. es iyo siyvaruli, mSve-
niereba, gazafxulis dResaswauli, qorwineba da yovelive is, rac dakavSirebuli
iyo afrodites kultTan da rac xalisiT aRavsebda adamianur yofierebas. alkeo-
sisgan gansxvavebiT, lesbosis politikuri cxovreba maTi Tvalsawierisgan Sors
idga.
savaraudoa, rom sapfo, rogorc winamZRvari qalwulTa religiuri da Semoqme-
debiTi saxlisa, anu Tanamedrove termini rom moviSvelioT, salonisa, eweoda aR-
mzrdelobiT da akademiur moRvaweobasac. xolo qalwulni, mas Semdeg, rac miiReb-
dnen daxvewil religiur Tu musikalur-poetur ganaTlebas, Sin brundebodnen, an
Txovdebodnen. is dro, romelsac qaliSvilebi erTad atarebdnen, Cans, ubednieresi
iyo maT cxovrebaSi. isini Txzavdnen leqsebs, simRerebs, swavlobdnen cekvebs; euf-
lebodnen daxvewil manerebs, silamazis xelovnebas, rameTu monawileobdnen cno-
bil zeimebSi, romelTac `kalisteebi~ (`silamazis agonebi~, Tanamedrove samyaroSi
gansakuTrebuli popularoba rom moipova) ewodebodaT; emzadebodnen religiuri
ritualebis aRsasruleblad da ganicdidnen RvTaebebTan ziarebis sixaruls; Ta-
visufal dros ki mindvrad krefdnen yvavilebs, Tmebs imSvenebdnen diademebiT, sxe-
uls izeldnen nelsacxeblebiT da moRlilebi isvenebdnen rbil baliSebze. buneb-
rivia, maT moswondaT `muzis msaxurTa saxlSi~ yofna, amitomac ganSorebisas af-
rqvevdnen cremlebs da wuxdnen. xolo poeti, winamZRvari, sikvdils natrobda gan-
SorebiT gamowveul simwuxareSi (fr. 94). mas xom wrfeli guliT uyvarda Tavisi
mowafeebi, romelTac uZRvnida ara mxolod siyvaruliT gamTbar striqonebs, ara-
med sakuTari sulis nawilsac. es ase xdeba dResac. yovel WeSmarit moZRvars uy-
vars Tavisi mowafe. sapfos SeeZlo erTdroulad mosiyvarulec yofiliyo da mkac-
ric, zomaze metad gamoexata vnebaTaRelva garSemo SemokrebilTa sulieri amaR-
lebisTvis. sapfos moRvaweoba wminda elinuri movlenaa, rameTu Zveli berZnebi-
saTvis aRzrdaSi moiazreboda religiac, zneobac, Semoqmedebac, siyvarulic. war-
78 sapfo

moudgeneli iyo misTvis Semoqmedeba RmerTebisa da marTalgangebis gareSe, iseve

rogorc Semoqmedi Tavisi qmnilebis siyvarulis gareSe.
`muzis msaxurTa saxli~, romelsac meTaurobda sapfo, ar yofila erTaderTi
kunZul lesbosze. mitileneSi mis garda arsebula sxva msgavsi `saxlebic~, rom-
lebsac qalebi meTaurobdnen. maT saxelebs Tavad sapfoc moixseniebs (fr. 57; 131;
90; 68 da sxva). Cans, maT Soris garkveuli urTierTdapirispirebac iyo. amaze mig-
vaniSneben is fragmentebi, sadac sapfo gamoTqvams Tavis gulistkivilsac imis ga-
mo, rom misi wris wevri qalwuli sxvisken (andromedasken, gorgosken) iswrafvis
da sixarulsac imis gamo, rom viRaca mas ubrundeba:
`Sen damibrundi, ra kargia, o, rogor msurdi,
naTelmosili siyvaruliT amivse suli,
ibedniere, vidre droa bednierebis...~
(48)
cnobil berZen mweral filostratosTan vxvdebiT aseT cnobas: `gainteresebs
Tu ra erqva pamfiliel qals, romelic icnobda sapfos da Txzavda himnebs arte-
mis pergaelis gansadideblad, usadagebda ra erTmaneTs eoliur da pamfiliur
maneras?... es brZeni qali TavisTavs uwodebda damofiles da Txzavda sapfos mane-
riT. Semoikriba garSemo qalwulTa wre da qmnida erotikul simRerebs, agreTve
himnebs, romelTac artemiss uZRvnida. saerTod ki, baZavda sapfos~ (filos-
tratosi, apolonis Sesaxeb I, 30). am gadmocemis mixedviT, pamfilieli damofiles
salonis wevrebs, qalwulebs, artemisis kulti aerTianebda. isinic qmnidnen ero-
tikul simRerebsa (Tumc erotika erTob Sors unda yofiliyo artemisisgan) da
himnebs. filostratosi damofiles brZen qals uwodebs, iseve rogorc platoni _
sapfos (elianusi, „Wreli ambebi~, 12, 19). Cans, damofilec artemisis kults ziare-
bul qalTa studiis ganswavluli da SemoqmedebiTi niWiT dajildoebuli winam-
ZRvari unda yofiliyo.
ase rom, uZvelesma wyaroebma Semogvinaxes cnobebi sapfosdroindel lesbosze
sul cota qalTa oTxi salonis arsebobis Taobaze. es umniSvnelo cifri rodia.
unda vivaraudoT, rom maT Soris arsebuli konkurencia, berZenTa agonisturi
sulis erT-erTi gamovlineba, xels uwyobda lesbosze musikalur-poeturi tra-
diciebis ganviTarebas. am azrs amyarebs ucnobi avtoris erTi friad sagulisxmo
gamonaTqvami: `... vfiqrob, aRamaRles `megobarma qalebma~ (hetairai) musikaluri
xelovneba, romelic sasargeblo da aucilebeli iyo axalgazrda qalwulebis-
Tvis~ (oqs. pap. XXIX, 2506 fr. 48). am erTi frazidan ori umniSvnelovanesi azris
gamotana SeiZleba: erTi mxriv imis, rom axalgazrda qaliSvilebisaTvis aucile-
beli da sasargeblo iyo musikaluri (da Sesabamisad poeturi) ganaTleba, meore
mxriv ki _ es movlena xels uwyobda, saerTod, musikaluri xelovnebis ganviTare-
bas. lesbosel qalTa saidumlo studiebis wevrebi, iseve rogorc maTi meTaurebi,
ra Tqma unda, werdnen simRerebs, magram maTgan Cvenamde arafers mouRwevia. ro-
gorc Cans, yvela daCrdila sapfom. misi simaRle miuwvdomeli aRmoCnda Sem-
dgomdroindeli poetesebisTvisac.
sapfos Semoqmedebis fragmentebma Cvenamde ZiriTadad ori gziT moaRwies: a)
antikuri xanis avtorebi xSirad imowmebdnen maT rogorc amaRlebuli poeziis
nimuSebs; b) mikvleulia papirusebi, sadac met-naklebi sizustiT amokiTxulia sap-
fos poeziis nawyvetebi.
dReisaTvis Cven mogvepoveba sapfos Semoqmedebis daaxloebiT 1900-mde striqo-
ni. maT Soris 600-mde striqonis Targmna SesaZlebelia. 1300-mde karedi ar iTar-
gmneba metismeti fragmentulobis gamo.
sapfos qmnilebaTa pirveli kritikuli gamocema ganaxorcieles aleqsandriel-
ma filologosebma (Zv.w. III-II ss.). maT cxra wignad gaanawiles sapfos simRerebi; ga-
iTvaliswines ra maTi metrika, pirveli wignis pirvel simRerad afroditesadmi
sapfo 79

miZRvnili himni (fr.1) warmoadgines, riTac gansazRvres kidec poeti qalis Semoq-
medebis Tematika.
ukanasknel wlebSi sapfos simReraTa mravali kritikuli gamocema ganxorci-
elda. ar wydeba muSaoba calkeul fragmentTa detalur interpretaciebze, Tan-
daTanobiT ixveweba da zustdeba sapfos simReraTa teqsti da Targmani. Cvenamde
moRweul fragmentTa Soris SesaZlebelia gamoiyos: epiTalamiebi, himnebi, pro-
pemptikonebi, Trenebi da megobari qalwulebisadmi miZRvnili simRerebi.
rac Seexeba epigramebs, elegiebs, iambebsa da monodiebs, romelTa Sesaxebac
gadmogvcems svida (s. v. Sapfwv), maTgan Cvenamde arafers mouRwevia.
sapfom didi gavlena iqonia lirikuli poeziis ganviTarebaze, xolo Tu Tvals
gadavavlebT antikuri xanis qalTa Semoqmedebas, gamoikveTeba friad saintereso
suraTi _ Zveli saberZneTisa da romauli xanis qalTa poezia sapfos Semdeg
daqveiTebis gzas daadga da bolos gaqra kidec.
es ramdenime mizeziT iyo ganpirobebuli. sapfos lirikis gaTvaliswinebiT
Seiqmna e.w. qalTa poeziis modeli. gviani xanis poetesebi cdilobdnen miebaZaT
sapfosaTvis. istoriuli gamocdileba ki cxadyofs _ yoveli mibaZva mTavrdeba
kraxiT.
ras vgulisxmobT, rodesac vsaubrobT sapfos poetur modelze?
poeturi modeli SeiZleba ganvixiloT a) garegani da b) Sinagani niSnebis er-
TobliobiT. garegnul donezea is, rac poeturi Semoqmedebis zedapirze Zevs da
risi aRqmac siRrmiseul ZiebaTa gareSe SeiZleba. am SemTxvevaSi Cven vgulis-
xmobT Tematikas, metrs, Janrobliv midrekilebebs, dialeqts.
rac Seexeba Sinagan dones, igi poeturi warmosaxvis Taviseburebebis yvelaze
mgrZnobiare momentebTan aris dakavSirebuli. am SemTxvevaSi vgulisxmobT `li-
rikuli mes~ gamovlenis formas, saxeobriobas, enobriv organizacias, epoqis
grZnobas da sxva. swored es sfero gansazRvravs poeturi xelovnebis arss.

a ) s a p f o s p o e t u r i m o d e l i s g a r e g a n i n i S n e b i:
Tematika. jer kidev antikur samyaroSi miuTiTebdnen sapfos poeziis Tematika-
ze. demetriosis gadmocemis Tanaxmad: `sapfo, romelic umReris silamazes, ero-
tebs, gazafxulsa da zRvis Citebs, aris tkbilmoubari da saamo. yoveli lamazi
sityva warmodgenilia mis qmnilebebSi. zogierTs igi Tavadac Txzavda (demetri-
osi, `metyvelebis Sesaxeb~, 166). daaxloebiT amave azrs imeorebs himeriosi, rode-
sac aRniSnavs: `sapfo, erTaderTi qalTa Soris, mZafrad ganicdida siyvaruls
liris xmaze. amitomac uZRvnida afroditesa da erotebs mTel Tavis simRerebs.
Temad irCevda axalgazrda qalwulTa silamazesa da simSvenieres~ (himeriosi,
sity. 28, 7).
amgvarad, antikuri xanis avtorTa cnobebidan cxadi xdeba, rom sapfos simRere-
bis mTavari Tema siyvaruli iyo. amasve adasturebs is faqtic, rom, rodesac aleq-
sandrielma swavlulebma sapfos poeziis gamocema ganaxorcieles, pirveli wignis
pirvel adgilze moaTavses afroditesadmi miZRvnili himni (fr.1), riTac cxadi ga-
xades misi Semoqmedebis mTavari Tematika.
metri: sapfos Cvenamde moRweuli fragmentebi saSualebas gvaZleven aRvniSnoT,
rom misi poezia metrikis TvalsazrisiT erTob mravalferovani unda yofiliyo.
amas, rogorc Cans, ganapirobebda TviT eoliuri lirikis buneba, misi sasimRero
xasiaTi.
sazomTa simravle saSualebas gvaZlevs vivaraudoT, rom maT Soris garkveuli
nawili Tavad sapfos mier unda iyos mignebuli. yoveli SemTxvevisaTvis, tradi-
cia mas antikur lirikaSi popularuli `sapfouri strofis~ Semoqmedad Tvlis.
am sazomiT yofila gamarTuli sapfos aleqsandriuli gamocemis 1 wigni da sxva
simRerebic.
80 sapfo

Janri: 1922 wels gamoqveynda sapfos biografiis Semcveli fragmentebi (oqs. pap.
15, 1800, fr. 1), romlis xelnaweric II-III saukuneebiT TariRdeba. masSi aRniSnulia,
rom biografia warmodgenilia qameleonis Txzulebis mixedviT. fragmentis meo-
re svetSi pirdapir aris miTiTebuli, rom sapfos `SeuTxzavs lirikul nawarmo-
ebTa 9 wigni, elegiebi da sxva~. ase rom, ukve antikuri xanis avtorebi mas mxolod
lirikuli nawarmoebebis Semoqmedad Tvlidnen.
dialeqti: mecnierebaSi dRes ukve dadgenilad iTvleba, rom sapfo werda eo-
liur dialeqtze. Cveni azriT, sapfos SemoqmedebaSi aris cda eoliuri dialeq-
tis lesbosur variantze gadasvlisa.

b ) s a p f o s p o e t u r i m o d e l i s S i n a g a n i n i S n e b i:
berZnul literaturaSi lirikis ganviTarebasTan erTad rom mZlavrad Semo-
vida individualizmis nakadi, romelic mkveTrad daupirispirda eposis obieqtu-
robas, ukve antikur epoqaSic kargad iyo gaazrebuli. ukanasknel xanebSi am sa-
kiTxis kvlevas mravali naSromi mieZRvna, maT Soris mniSvnelovani iyo bruno sne-
lis wigni saTauriT `sulis aRmoCena~. br. snelma eposidan arqaikaze gardamaval
epoqas, anu im epoqas, rodesac xdeba lirikis, rogorc Janris, formireba, specia-
luri terminic ki uwoda _ `pirovnebis gamoRviZeba~ (`das Erwachen der Personlichkeit“),
romelic Semdgom araerTma mkvlevarma gamoiyena. Cveni azriT, cnebaSi `pirovne-
bis gamoRviZeba~ pirvel rigSi unda vigulisxmoT poetis, Semoqmedis CarTva mis
sakuTar nawarmoebSi, rogorc adamianTa, saganTa Tu movlenaTa ZiriTadi Semfa-
seblisa. am SemTxvevaSi ori momenti unda gamovyoT: 1. emociuri, romelic poetis
`lirikuli mes~ gamovlenasTan aris dakavSirebuli; 2) msoflmxedvelobrivi, ro-
melic lirikaSi mxatvruli azris uSualo gancdis formiT aris warmodgenili
da romelic saxeebiT azrovnebis sferos moicavs. es momentebi arsebiTad migvaC-
nia sapfos poeturi modelis Sinagani donis gansazRvrisas.
`lirikuli me“-s gamovlena: sapfos poeziaSi am TvalsazrisiT SeiniSneba metad
mniSvnelovani garemoeba. masTan harmoniulad aris Serwymuli empiriul-biogra-
fiuli da warmosaxviT-biografiuli. poetis `lirikuli me~ garkveuli Tvalsaz-
risiT scildeba yofiT sazrunavebs da axal, sakuTar poetur samyaros iqmnis. em-
piriul-biografiulidan rCeba mxolod is, rac aZlevs mas impulsebs warmosaxvi-
Ti samyaros Sesaqmnelad. gveqmneba STabeWdileba, rom empiriul-biografiulis
doneze sapfos cxovreba faqtiurad dakavSirebuli iyo mis megobar qalwuleb-
Tan. maTTan urTierTobaSi hpovebda poeti qalis `lirikuli me~ impulsebs iseTi
warmosaxviTi samyaros Sesaqmnelad, sadac absoluturad ixsneboda distancia po-
etsa da RvTaebas Soris. es kargad Cans afroditesadmi miZRvnil himnSi (fr. 1), sa-
dac poeti evedreba RmerTqals, romlis yovlisSemZleobaSic Rrmad aris dar-
wmunebuli, Semwed moevlinos. poets mravalgzis miumarTavs RvTaebisaTvis da
sjeroda misi Zalmosilebisa:
`taxtmoxatulo, maradmyofo, zevsis asulo,
grZnebiT macduro afrodite, Sen gevedrebi,
dards da sawuxars ganmaride, nu damiTrgune
suli, meufev.
gardmomivline Semweoba, gamomecxade.
uwinac xSirad, ros gsmenia cad aRvlenili
Cemi vedreba, dagiTmia mamiseuli
oqros sasaxle
da gadmosulxar cidan etlze aRzevebuli.
swrafadmfrinavi beRurebis lamazi gundi
haerSi frTebis xSiri rxeviT mogaqrolebda
Savi miwisken.
sapfo 81

myis moaRwevdnen Cems samyofels da Sen, netaro,

mSvidi RimiliT mociage, ukvdavi saxiT
mekiTxebodi: ra mewada, ra mawuxebda,
kvlav rad gixmobdi.
esoden Zlier ra makrTobda, ras veswrafodi
mRelvare suliT: _ Cemo sapfo, vin davarwmuno
Sendami trfobiT rom aRenTos, vinme mogepyro
umarTebulod?
saTnoyofilma migatova iqneb qalwulma,
TviT geaxleba; Sens naboZeb ZRvens Tu ar iRebs,
Tavad mogiZRvnis; Tu ar uyvarxar, uneblieT
Seuyvardebi.
RmerTqalo, axlac momevline keTilganwyobiT,
mZime gancdaTgan damixseni damwuxrebuli
da damibrune Tanadgomis didebulebiT
sulis simSvide.

sapfo uSualo mxilvelis poziciidan aRwers `swrafadmfrinavi beRurebis la-

maz gunds, romelic haerSi frTebis xSiri rxeviT moaqrolebda~ qalRmerTs `Savi
miwisken~. leqsSi afrodites gamocxadeba poeturi sisadaviTa da ostatobiT
aris daxatuli. igi `mSvidi RimiliT mociage ukvdavi saxiT~ warsdgeba poetis wi-
naSe da ikiTxavs, Tu kvlav rad ixmobs. es sityva migvaniSnebs imaze, rom RmerTqa-
li araerTxel movlinebia sapfos mRelvarebis Jams. axla igi poets yvela survi-
lis aRsrulebas hpirdeba. mTeli simRera dawerilia RvTaebisadmi poetis da, pi-
riqiT, RvTaebis poetisadmi saocari siaxlovis grZnobiT. igi efuZneba mosiyva-
rule da keTilganwyobil mokvdav-ukvdavis urTierTobas.
aseTive siaxlovis grZnobiT aris warmodgenili afrodite sxva simReraSic
(fr. 2), romelsac pirobiTad `kiprosSobilisadmi~ ewodeba. simReram fragmentu-
lad moaRwia Cvenamde. dakargulia misi dasawyisi da bolo striqonebi, magram, mi-
uxedavad amisa, mkiTxvels naTlad warmoudgeba afroditesadmi miZRvnili reli-
giuri ritualis suraTi. sapfo am simReraSi maRali poeturi ostatobiT iduma-
lebiT moculi religiuri ritualis monawiled gvxdis. igi mis rCeul RvTaebas
evedreba, daeSvas kretis wminda taZarTan, sadac unda aRsruldes misdami miZR-
vnili rituali. gazafxuli iyo afrodites dro, kretaze marTlac yofila am
RvTaebis pativsacemad agebuli originaluri taZari. amdenad, sapfom zustad
amoirCia dro da adgili. igi gulisxmobda, rom swored es dro da es adgili yve-
laze metad iqneboda sasurveli misi RvTaebisaTvis, romlis molodinSic yvela
da yvelaferi garindebula. berZenTa warmodgeniT, RmerTebis yofna religiur
dResaswaulze udidesi bednierebis mimniWebeli iyo. sapfo ufro Sors midis, igi
ara marto zeimze daswrebas sTxovs afrodites, aramed monawileobasac. mas surs
`damaTrobeli sixalisiT ganzavebuli tkbili neqtari~ (RvTaebaTa sasmeli) swo-
red kiprosSobilma Camoasxas oqros TasebSi. sapfo darwmunebulia, rom asec iq-
neba, rameTu sjera RvTaebasTan siaxlovisa.
aseve ixsneba distancia sapfosa da `SoriT wasul~ megobar qalwuls Soris,
rodesac poeti Tavisi grZnobebis warmosaxvas cdilobs. megobrebTan damokide-
bulebaSi gansakuTrebuli simZafriTa da simaxviliT vlindeba poeti qalis pira-
di grZnobebi da emociebi. misi poeturi samyaro mokvdavTa da ukvdavTa siyvaru-
liT miRweul harmoniaSia da yoveli darRveva am harmoniulobisa gardacvalebis
tolfasia. swored am samyaroSi aRiqvams sapfo, rom Soreuli anaqtorias xilviT
gamowveuli mSvenierebis grZnoba misTvis aRemateba `lidiis oqros etlebisa da
abjarasxmuli meomrebis mSvenierebas~ (fr.16), rom mas aRelvebs megobari qalwu-
lis kabis Srialic (fr.22), rom sayvareli arsebis xilva masSi sikvdilis gancdas
82 sapfo

iwvevs (fr.31). es simRera emociuri poeziis Seudarebeli nimuSia. masSi poeti ada-
mianur vnebaTa gadmocemis umaRles xelovnebas aRwevs.
sapfosTvis RvTaebaTa Tanasworad moCans is kaci, romelic saTayvano arsebas-
Tan zis axlos da sulganabuli ismens mis saubars, sicils. simRera iwyeba sityviT
`Cans~ (`faivnetai~), rac gulisxmobs marto poetis damokidebulebas imisadmi, vinc
netarebiT emsgavseba RmerTebs, rameTu flobs udides bednierebas. es RvTaebrivi
wamebi (sayvareli adamianis xilva, masTan siaxlove) sapfoSi iwvevs umZafres emo-
ciebs:
`RmerTebis xvedris meCveneba Tanaziari
kaci, romelic Sens winare zis mdumarebiT
da gismens tkbilad mosaubres, saamod mcinars
sulganabuli.
me ki sxva grZnoba meufleba: odes gixilav,
Tund wamieri iyos Seni gamocxadeba,
mRelvarebisgan amovardnas iswrafvis guli
da gaognebuls
Zali ar Semwevs xma gaviRo Senda saTqmelad.
Tavbru mexveva, mwveli ali sxeuls damivlis,
TvalTagan Cini mekargeba, sasmenelTagan
merTmeva smena,
oflad viRvrebi, TrTola mitans, gonebas vkargav,
balaxze ufro mwvane feri saxed medeba,
mciredi xanic da usulod Cavikecebi,
mgonia, mkvdari.
magram yvelafris damTmenia sabralo suli...~
(str. 31)
`mgonia~ (`faivnom j~ str.16) aris pasuxi simReris dasawyisSi warmodgenili sity-
visa `Cans~ (`faivnetai~ str.1). aq xazgasmulia gansxvaveba viRac kacisa da poetis
grZnobebs Soris. orive gancda warmosaxviTia, sapfosmieria. aseTi warmosaxva ki-
dev ufro afaqizebs, ufro daxvewils xdis sapfos `lirikul mes~, romelic sru-
lyofilebisaken iswrafvis. aseT viTarebaSi xdeba swored tradiciuli proble-
mis axleburad warmosaxva; es ki miT ufro sainteresoa, rac ufro metia saxeebiT
azrovnebisaken ltolva.
saxeobrioba: miuxedavad imisa, rom sapfos poeziaSi aisaxa wmindad qaluri
idealebi, da rom es poezia saukeTeso nimuSad iqca platonis mier `saxelmwifo-
Si~ poeti qalisadmi gankuTvnili rolisa, mainc SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sapfom sxva
poetebTan SedarebiT (vgulisxmobT rogorc qal, aseve mamakac poetebs) gacile-
biT ukeT igrZno da gamoxata is zogadi da amaRlebuli, ramac igi, rogorc poe-
ti, gaiyvana Tavisi polisis, garkveuli epoqisa da garkveuli politikuri movle-
nebiT Semofargluli sazRvrebidan da aziara yvelaze ufro universalursa da
globalurs, rac ar iyo arc droiTa da arc ama Tu im epoqis politikuri Tu sa-
xelmwifoebrivi interesebiT gansazRvruli. am SemTxvevaSi vgulisxmobT sapfos
msoflaRqmis im momentebs, romelTa axlebur interpretaciasa da poetur saxee-
bad warmodgenasac gvTavazobda poeti.
upirveles yovlisa, yuradRebas iqcevs bednierebis gancdis sapfoseuli xati.
am SemTxvevaSi metad saintereso garemoebas unda SevexoT: erTi mxriv, ramdenad
prozaulia sapfo, rodesac Cveulebrivad gamoTqvams Tavis azrs bednierebis
tradiciul gagebaze:
`mxolod simdidre, Tu Rirseba mas Tan ar axlavs,
ukeTuria, Tumca erTurTs Serwymuli oriv
bednierebis mwvervaliviT mogevlineba~
(148)
sapfo 83

e.i. sapfos azriT, cxovrebiseuli bedniereba simdidrisa da Rirsebis (siqve-

lis) SerwymiT miiRweva.
meore mxriv, gansakuTrebul interess iwvevs is faqti, rom calkeul fragmen-
tebSi sapfo mravalgzis migvaniSnebs im fenomenTa Sesaxeb, romelTa erTad Tav-
moyra da gaazreba warmodgenas gviqmnis maradiuli bednierebis miseul gagebaze.
am TvalsazrisiT yuradRebas ipyrobs erTi fragmenti, romlis bolo striqonebi
ase ikiTxeba:
`me veswrafvi uaRresobas,
es brwyinvaleba da mSveniereba
mzis siyvarulma marguna wilad~
(58, str. 25-26)
simReram fragmentulad moaRwia Cvenamde. Cans, sapfo miTologiuri saxeebis
moSveliebiT cdilobda Camoeyalibebina maradiuli bednierebis arsi. am simRera-
Si moTxrobili iyo ganTiadis RmerTqal eosis sasiyvarulo Tavgadasavali. mas
Seuyvarda mokvdavi tiTonosi da radganac surda misi bedniereba usasrulod
gagrZelebuliyo, zevss Seevedra, tiTonosisTvis ukvdaveba mieniWebina, magram
daaviwyda eTxova mudmivi axalgazrdobis SenarCunebac misTvis. gaiara drom, ti-
Tonosi daberda, dauZlurda, eosma gadaiyvara igi da miatova. am SemTxvevaSi mi-
Tologiuri saxeebi mxolod saSualebaa sapfosTvis, gadmosces sakuTari azrebi.
maTi moSveliebiT poeti cdilobs gamoxatos Tavisi damokidebuleba warmavali
da maradiuli mSvenierebisadmi. warmavali mSvenierebisadmi ltolva droebiTi
bednierebis momgvrelia, maradiuli mSvenierebisadmi ki _ samaradJamo.
sapfos azriT, adamiani maradiul bednierebas eziareba, Tuki igi Tavisi cxov-
rebiseuli gziT miiswrafvis uaRresobisadmi, ukvdavebisadmi, RvTaebriobisadmi,
lamazi da naTeli cxovrebisadmi. yovelive es ki moiazreba raRac uzenaesi `mzis
siyvarulis~ farglebSi.
poetur xatad Sevida mTels antikurobaSi sapfosTan pirvelad dadasturebu-
li gamoTqma `mSvenierisa~ (`kavlo"~) da `kargis~ (`ajgaqov"~) SeerTebiT miRebul
srulyofilebaze, romelic Semdgom gamoixata terminiT „kalokagaTia~. sapfos-
Tvis damaxasiaTebeli iyo fiqri adamianur srulyofilebaze, sulis mSveniereba-
ze, ramdenadac es ukavSirdeboda amaRlebasa da RvTaebasTan ziarebas:
`vinc lamazia, garegani Tvisi ieriT gvxiblavs mxolod,
vinc keTilia suliT, umal mSvenieric mogveCveneba~
(50)
am fragmentSi sapfo berZnul literaturaSi pirvelad gamoTqvams azrs sulis
mSvenierebis Sesaxeb. a. leskis samarTliani SeniSvniT, berZnul literaturasa da
filosofiaSi metad gavrcelebuli `kalokajgaqiva~-s problema swored sapfos poe-
ziidan iRebs dasabams.1
axal sityvas ambobs sapfo berZnul poeziaSi, rodesac gamoTqvams Tavis azrs
mSvenierebis Sesaxeb. misi azriT, mSveniereba aris ara obieqturi realoba, aramed
subieqturi cneba. simReraSi, romlis pirobiTi saxelwodebaa `anaqtoriasadmi~
(fr.16), sapfo garkveviT aRniSnavs, rom umSvenieresi aris is, vinc (an rac) adamians
uyvars. poeti am azris naTelsayofad iSveliebs miTologiur saxes, gvagonebs
ulamazes elenes, romelmac siyvarulis gamo daTmo ojaxi, meuRlis mefuri sare-
celi, Svilebi. poetis azriT, mSvenieria siyvaruli, rameTu misi grZnobadi sawyi-
si aris RvTaebrivi. am miTologiuri saxis moSveliebiT sapfo gvarwmunebs, rom
misTvis Soreuli anaqtorias xilva ufro mniSvnelovania, `vidre lidiis oqros
etlebis an abjarasxmul meomarTa mSveniereba~.

1
A. Lesky, Geschichfe der griechischen Literatur, München, 1971, 176.
84 sapfo

sapfos poeturi saxeebiT azrovnebis erT-erTi brwyinvale nimuSia fr.96-Si

warmodgenili suraTi. aq poeti cdilobs warmoaCinos misi megobari qalwulis
mSveniereba da uaRresoba. igi martivi Sedarebidan gadadis rTulSi, bunebis er-
Ti movlenis mSvenierebis aRweridan meoreSi, Semdeg kidev sxvaSi da mkiTxvelis
Tvalwin iSleba araCveulebrivi panorama mimwuxrisa:
`sardeSi xSirad Cvenze fiqri aiyoliebs
da axsendeba is dro, odes erTad viyaviT,
Sen gaRmerTebda, Seni xmieri
simRerebiT ixibleboda,
axla anaTebs lidieli qalebis dasSi,
rogorc mTovare, vardisferTiTa,
mzis Casvlis Semdeg rom gakrTeba cis kabadonze.
yvela varskvlavis damCrdilavi ucxo mSvenebiT,
romlis naTeli sxivi aRavsebs
marilian zRvas, yvavilebiT mofenil mdelos,
sadac lamazad ebneva nami
vardebs, nairfer ZiZoebs da saTuT samyurebs.
daexeteba mimwuxrisas igi mowyeniT,
ros siyvaruliT igonebs atTiss
misi saTuTi, mwuxarebiT aRsavse suli.
modio CemTan! _ mas mouxmobs xmamaRla igi,
Tumc mSfoTvare zRvis sxva napiridan
aravis esmis Soreuli Zaxili misi.
(96)
sxvagvari suraTia daxatuli fr.2-Si, sadac sapfo warmogvidgens afrodite-
sadmi miZRvnil religiur rituals. poeti aRwers molodins, mdumarebas, amitom
mimarTavs iseT poetur saxeebs, romlebic am mdumarebis idumalebas SegvagrZno-
bineben. ase magaliTad, sapfo mouxmobs RvTaebas wminda taZarTan, sadac vaSlis
xeTa didebuli xeivania `da surnelovan sakmevelTa boliT mosili sakurTxevle-
bi~. am poetur saxes irealur samyaroSi gadavyavarT. poetis warmosaxva kidev uf-
ro mZafrdeba, irealuri misTvis realuri xdeba: `aTrTolebuli foTlebidan
moiTenTeba mdumare Tvlema~, _ ambobs igi da aravis epareba eWvi imaSi, rom mar-
Tlac am wminda taZarTan daeSveba kiprosSobili:
`cidan iswrafe, kretis wminda taZarTan modi,
aq vaSlis xeTa didebuli xeivania
da surnelovan sakmevelTa boliT mosili
sakurTxevlebi.
wvimis wveTebi xmauroben xeTa rtoebSi,
velad balaxebs efineba vardebis Crdili,
aTrTolebuli foTlebidan moiTenTeba
mdumare Tvlema.
mimobneulan saZovrebiT mdidar mindorze
axlad mosuli yvavilebi da saamuri
niavi arxevs iakinTebs wminda baRebis
wyaroTa CrdilSi.
kiprosSobilo, gvirgvinebiT damSvenebuli
modi am velze da aRavse oqros Tasebi
damaTrobeli sixalisiT ganzavebuli
tkbili neqtariT.~
(2)
sapfo 85

sapfo misTvis mniSvnelovan movlenebs aRwerda ara rogorc maT miRma myofi
damkvirvebeli, aramed rogorc maTi uSualo ganmcdeli. dResaswaulis idumale-
ba da silamaze poetis religiur xilvaSi gacnobierda ara marto Tavisi ideiT,
aramed xatovan-grZnobadi formiTac. miTi am SemTxvevaSi poetisaTvis iqca ara
marto religiuri, aramed religiur-esTetiuri fenomenis gamoxatvis saSuale-
bad. es Tavisebureba sapfos SemoqmedebiTi manerisa, rac TavisTavad misi poetu-
ri azrovnebiT aris ganpirobebuli, Tavs iCens mTels mis SemoqmedebaSi, gansakuT-
rebiT mis Trenebsa da epiTalamiebSi, romlebic, rogorc cnobilia, sakulto
RvTismsaxurebaTa dros imRerebodnen.
enobrivi organizacia. sapfos poeturi modelis Sinagani donis gansazRvri-
saTvis saintereso Sedegebs iZleva misi Semoqmedebis analizi enobrivi organiza-
ciis TvalsazrisiT. am SemTxvevaSi mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs sapfos Cvenamde moRweul
fragmentTa kvleva im sityvebisa da sityvaTSeTanxmebebis xmarebis sixSiris mixed-
viT, romelnic gviCveneben, Tu ra sagnebi da ra cnebebi iyo poetisaTvis yvelaze
mniSvnelovani, rogori maxasiaTeblebiT aRiqvamda igi maT da ra mimarTebebs amya-
rebda maTTan. es sakiTxi vrclad gvaqvs ganxiluli Cvens monografiaSi `sapfos
poeturi samyaro~ (gv. 144-155), romlis daskvnebic aseTia:
I. sapfos poeturi samyaro cnebaTa xasiaTis mixedviT grZnobadia. masSi aisaxa
adamianuri gancdebi da emociebi. bunebis mSveniereba, yovelive is, rac maradiu-
li da gardauvalia;
II. imis mixedviT, Tu rogori maxasiaTeblebiT aRiqvams sapfo samyaros da, Tu am
maxasiaTeblebs pirobiTad sam jgufad davyofT (dadebiTi, neitraluri, uaryo-
fiTi), davinaxavT, rom masTan dadebiT maxasiaTebelTa mniSvnelovani upiratesoba
SeiniSneba;
III. sapfosTan yvelaze xSirad xmarebuli zmnebia, romelTa mniSvneloba `siyva-
rulis~, `sixarulis~, `ltolvis~, `survilis~ da a.S. gagebas Seicaven;
IV. yvelaze xSirad xmarebuli sityvebi, romlebic sapfos Semoqmedebis gasage-
bad umniSvnelovanes konteqstebs qmnian, grZnobad niuansebs atareben;
V. yvelaze xSirad sapfo mimarTavs im miTologiur siuJetebsa da saxeebs, rom-
lebic mSvenierebisa da siyvarulis samyaros ukavSirdebian.
epoqis grZnoba. is, rom sapfos poezias mimarTebis mravali xazi akavSirebs Ta-
visi epoqis, anu arqaikis xelovnebasTan, mkvlevarTa Soris eWvs aRar iwvevs. es mi-
marTebebi or jgufad SeiZleba daiyos: 1. mimarTebebi, romlebic damaxasiaTebe-
lia saerTod arqauli epoqis berZnuli xelovnebisa da literaturisaTvis. am
SemTxvevaSi mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs pirovnuli interesis wina planze wamoweva, rac
socialur struqturaSi momxdarma cvlilebebma da polisis cxovrebaSi pirovne-
bis aqtiurma CarTvam ganapiroba. am procesma geometriuli epoqis sqematizmis
arqauli stiliT Secvla gamoiwvia. 2. mimarTebebi, romlebic met-naklebad indi-
vidualuri iyo da ama Tu im poetis calsaxa kavSirze migvaniSnebda xelovnebis
saerTo stilTan. am SemTxvevaSi Cven vgulisxmobT ara srul individualobas,
aramed garkveul, erTi epoqis mxatvruli xedvisTvis damaxasiaTebel principTa
realizaciis procesSi ama Tu im poetis mier gamovlenil Taviseburebebs.
sapfos simReraTa kompoziciaSi gamovlenilia e.w. `triaduli principi~, rome-
lic Tavs iCens rogorc garegan, aseve Sinagan kompoziciebSi. am SemTxvevaSi sul
erTia ras vexebiT _ iqneba es wminda kompoziciuri principi, motivTa ganawilebis
principi, moqmedebis droSi ganawileba, mxatvruli saxis gadmocema Tu sxva, yvel-
gan vlindeba poetis gaucnobierebeli swrafva, miaRwios mTlianobas, rogorc
wesi, sami elementis erTobliobiT. Tumca mTlianoba TavisTavad pirobiTi cnebaa.
imis mixedviT, Tu ra TvalsariziT ganvixilavT sapfos simRerebs, mTliani SeiZ-
leba iyos mTeli leqsi, an am leqsis calkeuli poeturi saxe, Sesabamisad, erTi
mTlianoba SeiZleba Seadgendes sxva triadis nawils, magram, Tavis mxriv, erTi
86 sapfo

srulyofili triada SeiZleba warmoadgendes sami triaduli mTlianobis er-

Tobliobas da a.S. Cven vfiqrobT, rom am SemTxvevaSi sapfos poeturi xedva gar-
kveuli TvalsazrisiT ukavSirdeba misive epoqis xelovnebas. arqauli berZnuli
xelovneba geometriulisgan gansxvavebiT, xasiaTdeba monumentur formaTa rRve-
viT, rac iwvevs tradiciul kompoziciur formaTa rRvevas. arqaulma xelovnebam
geometriuli epoqidan memkvidreobiT miiRo midrekileba simetriulobisa da
sistematizaciisaken. amasTanave gaTavisuflda ra monumenturobisagan, daiwyo
swrafva samelementovani kompoziciebisaken. es yvelaze naTlad gamoixata im epo-
qis arqiteqturasa da qandakebaSi, agreTve keramikaSi.
sapfos simReraTa kompoziciaSi gamovlenili e.w. triaduli principi warmo-
adgens erTgvar eqvivalents arqaul xelovnebaSi dadasturebuli swrafvisa same-
lementovani kompoziciebisaken. Cven vfiqrobT, rom epoqis kompoziciuri xedva
miT ufro mZafrad iCens Tavs ama Tu im poetis SemoqmedebaSi, rac ufro didia xe-
lovani da rac ufro organulad aris dakavSirebuli misi Semoqmedeba epoqis es-
Tetikur principebTan.
sapfom sxva poetebTan SedarebiT (vgulisxmobT rogorc qal, aseve mamakac poe-
tebs) yvelaze ukeT igrZno Tavisi epoqis suli, garegnulad yvelaze ufro ordi-
nalurSi, CveulebrivSi, yoveldRiurSi dainaxa is mSvenieri da amaRlebuli, ra-
mac misi, rogorc poetis, Tavisi polisis, garkveuli epoqis, garkveuli politi-
kuri movlenebiT Semofargluli sazRvrebidan gayvana da yvelaze ufro globa-
lurTan ziareba SeZlo.
garda amisa, sapfos poeziaSi mTeli srulyofilebiT gamovlinda is, rasac
SegviZlia vuwodoT qaluroba am sityvis yvelaze ufro specifiuri, magram maRa-
li gagebiT. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ar aris sapfos arcerTi leqsi, fragmentic ki,
romlis miRma ar Candes qali, misi samyaro. es samyaro danaxulia Tavisi yvelaze
ufro niSandoblivi sakralurobiT. Tumca poeti axerxebs am qaluri xedvis gan-
zogadebas yvelaze ufro maRali poeziis donemde. es samyaro Tavisi zogadsaka-
cobrio mniSvnelobiT xSirad aramc Tu utoldeba mamakacTa TvaliT aRqmul kos-
moss, aramed ufro Rrma da mniSvnelovanic ki aris. yovelive es SeiZleba Sevafa-
soT ara marto rogorc individualuri poetis damsaxureba, aramed rogorc sa-
ocrad warmatebuli cda qalis TviTgamoxatvisa poeziaSi. amas Sedegad mohyva
zogadad Semoqmedi qalis poeturi modelis Seqmna, romelic esoden did kvals
daamCnevs Semdgomi poeziis, upirveles yovlisa ki qalTa poeziis ganviTarebas.

lirika: himnebi, epiTalamiebi, propemptikonebi,

megobari qalwulebisadmi miZRvnili simRerebi.