nino doliZe

qarTulad ametyvelebuli arabi poetebi

13 marts iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis pirvel korpusSi, maro mayaSvilis darbazSi `qarTuli
akademiuri wignis~ mier 2013 wels gamocemuli kidev erTi saintereso
wignis _ `arabi poetebi V-XX ss.~ _ prezentacia Sedga.
mTargmneli, arabisti nana furcelaZe amJamad Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetis emeritus profesoria. ukve 55 welze metia, pedagogiur,
samecniero da mTargmnelobiT moRvaweobas eweva. 70-mde samecniero
naSromis (maT Soris monografiebis) avtors gamoqveynebuli aqvs statiebi
saqarTveloSi, germaniaSi, ruseTsa da poloneTSi. aRsaniSnavia nana
furcelaZis mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweoba. mas ekuTvnis arabulidan
Sesrulebuli araerTi mxatvruli Targmani, maT Soris `aTas erTi Ramis~
rvidan oTxi (I,II,V,VI) tomi, islamamdeli poeziis krebuli `mualakebi~,
Tanamedrove arabuli novelebi. nana fucelaZis poeturi Targmanebi
wlebis ganmavlobaSi qveyndeboda periodikaSi. sasixarulo faqtia, rom
is axla erT wignad gamoica. krebulSi Sesuli ramdenime leqsi aqamde
arc yofila gamoqveynebuli.
`arabi poetebi V-XX ss.~ gaxlavT TxuTmeti arabi avtoris leqsebis
TargmanTa krebuli, romelic, cxadia, V-XX ss-is yvela poets ar moicavs,
magram mkiTxvels warmodgenas uqmnis arabuli poeziis ganviTarebis
dinamikaze mTeli TxuTmeti saukunis ganmavlobaSi. pirveli rva avtori
islamamdel (e.w. jahiliis) periodSi (IV-VII s-is I naxevari) moRvaweobda,
Semdegi erTi _ omaianTa (622-750), xolo ori _ abasianTa (750-1055) epoqaSi.
krebulSi Semavali bolo oTxi poeti XX saukunis `axal poezias~ qmnida.
yovelTvis, roca leqsis Targmnaze midgeba saqme, maxsendeba xolme
mixeil qvliviZis patara leqsi:

`SegiZliaT, aRmiweroT surneleba vardis?

damixatoT iseTi ram, rac arafers ar hgavs -
xis Sriali, vaSlis gemo, siyvarulis madli?
maS, miTxariT, rogor bedavT poeziis Targmnas?!~

nana furcelaZem gabeda da Zalian sworadac moiqca, radgan Sedegad

miviReT wigni, romelic ara marto aRmosavleTmcodneebisTvis, aramed
Cveni sazogadoebisTvis, qarTuli kulturisTvis mniSvnelovani SenaZenia.
mTargmnelma SeZlo originalidan swored im uxilavis, gamouxatavisa Tu
sityvebiT uTqmelis gadmotana, rasac arc ki vici, ra davarqva _ rac
iseTive rTuli aRsaweria, rogorc `surneleba vardis~, da iseTive
rTuli dasaxati, rogorc `siyvarulis madli~. leqsebis TargmanebSi
gamovlinda ara marto sxvadasxva epoqis suli, aramed erTi epoqis
poetTa gansxvavebuli stilic. stili ki, mogexsenebaT, urTulesi,
yvelaze Znelad asaxsneli sakiTxia mxatvrul TargmanSi.

1
 krebulSi warmodgenili islamamdeli poeziis nimuSebi originalTan
maqsimaluri siaxloviT gamoirCeva. mTargmnels mniSvnelobis dazustebis
mizniT Camatebul sityvebze frCxilebic ki ar mouxsnia. VI s-is poet
Sanfaras leqsSi `arabTa lamia~ ramdenime aseTi adgili gvxvdeba:

dedaCemis vaJiSvilebo, wamoayeneT aqlemebi

(gasamgzavreblad).
me ki sul sxva ojaxisken mimiwevs guli.

***
me ara var wyurvilisgan (pirgamomSrali),
aqlemebs rom saRamos mwyemsavs...…

***
rodesac Cemi (aqlemis) Cliqs Sexvdeba miwa
qvaRorRiani,
naperwklebi da (qvis) nasxletebi aqeT-iqiT
ifantebian.

***
galeul (fexebs) rom gavWimav, misi saxsrebi
gvanan kamaTlebs, yomarbazs rom sworad daudgams.

***
me ki (mzis guls) saxes vuSverdi,
romelsac mxolod zoliani naWeri-Ra Tu ifaravda.

cxadia, frCxilebSi Casmuli sityvebi originalSi ar aris, magram

igulisxmeba. mTargmneli islamamdeli poeziis Targmnisas Tavs aridebs
interpretacias. es xazs usvams mis damokidebulebas Zveli poeturi
nimuSebis mimarT. sqolioebSi ganmartebulia ara marto sakuTari Tu
geografiuli saxelebi, aramed is myari metaforebic, romelTa codnis
gareSe SeuZlebelia Zveli arabuli poeziis gageba. arabi poetebi
qmnidnen Tavisebur poetur xatebs, romelTa wvdomisTvis da sworad
TargmnisTvis unda gesmodes am poeziis meta-ena. magaliTad, `TeTri,
basri~ aris xmali, `ugzoukvlo, Tvaluwvdeneli~ _ udabno, `laqebiani,
balanmokle~ _ jiqi da sxv. nana furcelaZis sadoqtoro disertacia
`simbolo-formula arabul literaturaSi~ swored am sakiTxs exeba.
wignis winaTqmaSi q-ni nana aRniSnavs: `am ZeglebSi asaxulia
momTabare arabTa _ beduinTa cxovrebis suraTebi, zneobrivi idealebi:
siyvaruli da siZulvili, mtroba, omebi, fiqrebi sicocxlesa da
sikvdilze, udabno, udabnoSi saxifaTo mogzauroba...~

2
 erTi sityviT, es gaxlavT `beduinuri poezia~, romlis Targmnac,
pirvel rigSi, poeturi teqstis mecnierul interopretacias gulisxmobs,
Semdeg ki esTetikuri xiblis SenarCunebas. es gaxlavT poezia, romlis
kiTxvisas Tvalwin gadageSleba udabno `moSiSvlebuli faris zurgiviT~,
aseve mxolod udabnosTvis damaxasiaTebeli `Rame uRamesi~, mogzaurebi,
romelTa Tanmxlebi `SiSi, SimSili, sicive da Tavsxmaa,~ aqlemebi,
romelTagan zogi CamorCeba, zogs ki `mareki miayolebs sxvebis
kvaldakval~, satrfos dalalebi _ `xSiri, rogorc daxunZluli palmis
kunwula~...
ukve islamamdel xanaSi afiqrebdaT poetebs amqveyniuri cxovrebis
warmavaloba:

`sad ginaxavs, rom maradisi yofiliyos vinme amqveynad,

anda mfarvels daefaros daRupvisagan.~1

es Tema gansakuTrebuli simZafriT natiralebSi ikveTeba:

`Sen dagamwuxra, bedisweram rac uyo vaJkacs.

romel Rirseuls ar swvevia ubedureba?!

me vficav Sens Tavs, mkiTxavebma da mCxibavebma

ar ician, RmerTi ras izams.~2

arabul poeziaSi, ra Tqma unda, Tavidanve mniSvnelovani adgili

ekava satrfialo leqss. krebulSi Sesulia gamorCeuli meomris anTaras3
(+614) leqsi, romelic poetma Tavis mSvenier biZaSvils – ablas uZRvna:

`Sen gamaxsendi, roca Subebi

Cem sxeulSi wyurvils iklavdnen
da Cemi sisxli dasdioda
indurs, orlesuls.

visurve xelma
satevris pirs davwafebodi,
radgan Sen bages magonebda
maxvilTa elva~.

SuasaukuneebSi kidev ufro Rrmavdeba islamamdeli poeziis Temebi,

calke Janrebad yalibdeba da viTardeba satrfialo lirika (Razali),

1
adi ibn abu zaidi (+604) – misi leqsebi iTvleba pesimisturi refleqsiis erT-erT
wyarod Sua saukuneebis arabul poeziaSi
2
labidi (+661) – ukanasneli beduini poeti, romelic moeswro islams da aRiara ki dec
igi.
3
am poetis Sesaxeb zepiri gadmocemebis safuZvelze jvarosnuli omebis dros 32-tomi ani
xalxuri romani `anTarac cxovreba~ Seiqmna.

3
filosofiuri lirika amqveyniuri cxovrebis sazrissa Tu warmavalobaze
(zuhdia) da e.w. Rvinis poezia (xamria). am ukanaslnelSi religiis mimarT
cinikuri damokidebulebac gamosWvivis. dediT (zogi wyaros mixedviT ki
mamiTac) sparsi VII-IX ss-Si moRvawe arabulenovani poeti abu nuvasi wers:

`Sescode meti amaqveynad, rac SeiZleba.

radgan Segxvdeba im qveyanas mowyale RmerTi.~

da iqve dasZens:

`Tuki maniWebs netarebas Rvinis sma lxinSi.

me dasalevad marxvis bolos ver velodebi.~

hedonizmi abu-l-aTahias (748-828) Semoqmedebis pirvel etapzec iCens

Tavs, Tumca cxovrebis miwuruls is ufro metad fiqrobs sikvdilze:

`sikvdili bWea, sad yoveli Cvengani Seva.

neta vicode, imis iqiT ra savanea.

RmerTs Tu aameb, walkotia maradiuli,

Tu ver SeZeli, jojoxeTis gelis genia.~

yvela epoqis leqsebis Targmani siRrmiT, poeturobiTaa aRbeWdili.

Tumca maT Soris gansxvavebac TvalnaTlivia. sul sxvaa XX s-is poezia.
mTargmnelma SeZlo verlibrSic SeenarCunebina originalis Sinagani
musikaluroba, rac arc Tu ioli amocanaa.
gasul saukuneSi moRvawe arab poetTagan msoflios sxvadasxva enaze
yvelaze aqtiurad sirieli nizar kabani (1923-1938) iTargmneba. misi
sasiyvarulo lirikis araerTi nimuSi qarTulad swored nana furclaZem
aametyvela:

`maswavla Senma siyvarulma yaribTa dardebs,

Rame veeba sevdad rom aqcevs...~…

nizar kabanas leqsebi sxva qarTvel mTargmnelebsac aqvT naTargmni,

egviptel muhamad ahmad hamads ki (1941- ) mxolod nana furcelaZis
wyalobiT vicnobT rogorc simbolistebis Tayvanismcemels, bodleris
`parizis splinis~ frangulidan arabulad mTargmnels, romelic Tavadac
ganicdis evropuli poeziis gavlenas:

`Segviwyale, yinvis ufalo,

sicarielis sarkeebze TeTri fifqebiT
SiSis qmnilebebs rom daxazav zRaprul xazebad.~

4
 axal arabul poeziaSi gamorCeuli adgili uWiravT palestinelebs,
romelTagan krebulSi oris _ poeti qalis dunia al-ismailisa da mahmud
darviSis leqsebia warmodgenili. al-ismaili ormocdaaTian wlebSi
gamovida samwerlo asparezze. siyvarulze, pirad grZnobebze, qalis
TvaliT danaxul samyaroze Rrma gancdebiT daweril mis leqsebs Soris
palestineli arabebisTvis mtkivneuli samSoblos Temac Cndeba:

`samSoblo, raic didi xania mxolod wignis

furclebze cxovrobs,
megona... erT dRes gamovidoda
da Tavis amboxs ganacxadebda... da siamayes,
magram dRes vxedav, misi yofa
gagrZeldeba Zalian didxans
me movamzadeb axal ocnebebs. da mwuxarebas
niSandobliv Tvisebad vaqcev.~

es aris Segueba tkivilTan, romelsac palestinis dakargva hqvia. es

aris tkivili, romelic mahmud darviSis poeziaSi tragizmad iqceva da
mTel msoflioSi gavrceldeba, xolo qarTulad:

`matarebelma swrafad Caiara.

me Camiara... me ki
isev velodebodi.~

matarebeli cxovrebaa, romelic gavida, mahmud darviSi 2008 wels ise

gardaicvala, rom beiruTSi, parizSi, Tunissa Tu iordaniaSi cxovrebis
Semdeg kvlav uSedegod eloda samSobloSi dabrunebas.
am erTi krebulisTvis Tvalis gadavlebiT Tvalwin gagvivlis mTeli
arabuli poezia dawyebuli im epoqidan, roca leqss udidesi mniSvneloba
eniWeboda arabTa cnobierebis CamoyalibebaSi, damTavrebuli im epoqiT,
roca informaciiT gajerebul samyaroSi TiTqos leqsis adgili aRarc
aris. Tumca kvlav arian poetebi, romlebic qmnian. da RmerTma didxans
gvicocxlos mTargmnelebi, romlebic ecnobian urTules enaze Seqmnil
poezias, Targmnian da cdiloben, qarTulad ametyvelebuli arabi poetebi
sxvebisTvisac misawvdomi gaxadon.
didi madloba amisaTvis q-n nanas.