gvanca koplataZe

kapadokia

wmida grigol
RmrTismetyvelis
cxovreba da poeturi
Semoqmedeba

saqarTvelos
sapatriarqos gamomcemloba
Tbilisi, 2019

winamdebare naSromSi msoflio eklesiis moZRvris, wmin-
da grigol RmrTismetyvelis cxovrebasa da moRvaweobasTan
mWidro kavSirSia ganxiluli, SedarebiT naklebad cnobili
sfero misi Semoqmedebisa _ poezia. RmrTismetyvelebis kapa-
dokiuri skolis cnobilma warmomadgenelma, poeturi sity-
vis ZaliT, gansakuTrebuli aRmafrena da mSveniereba SesZina
rogorc sakuTari cxovrebis Sesaxeb monaTxrobs, ise sarwmu-
noebriv swavlebaTa ganmartebebsa da zneobriv Segonebebs. naS-
roms erTvis axali qarTuli Targmani pirveli sityvisa im xuTi
saRmrTismetyvelo sityvidan, romelic wminda mamam qristes
winaaRmdeg mimarTuli ariozis eresis ukiduresi frTis meTau-
ris, evnomiosis cru swavlebis samxileblad konstantinepol-
Si warmoTqva. ZiriTadad swored am sityvebis gamo uwoda mas
eklesiam RmrTismetyveli.
naSromi daibeWda 2020 w. saqarTvelos saeklesio kalen-
darSi.
redaqtori berdiakoni giorgi (ruxaZe) mowyobisa da marTvis niWi da yvela piraduli wyenisa da miy-
recenzenti magda mWedliZe
© gv. koplataZe, 2019
© ssg, 2019
119
wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba
qristianuli azrovnebisa da eklesiis istoriaSi RmrTisme-
tyvelebis kapadokiuri skolis gansakuTrebuli damsaxurebis
aRiareba-araRarebis sakiTxi mkvlevarTa Soris seriozuli
kamaTis sagnad arasodes qceula. basili didTan erTad am
skolis warmomadgenlebi misi uaxloesi megobari wm. grigol
RmrTismetyveli da umcrosi Zma, wm. grigol noseli iyvnen.
skolas Rirsebas isic hmatebda, rom miuxedavad erTi saqmisa
da erTi saerTo miznis msaxurebisa samive maTgani Rrma in-
dividualurobiT gamorCeuli da sakuTari xelweris mqone
moRvawe da avtori iyo. am skolis aRiarebul meTaurs, basili
dids, garda imisa, rom mWevrmetyvelebaSi rogorc Zvel, an-
tikur, aseve axal, bizantiur epoqaSi badali ar moeZebneba
(konstantinepolis patriarqi wm. fotiosi), im droisaTvis
mecnierebis yvela cnobili dargis Rrma codnasTan erTad,
romelic amavdroulad RmrTisa da mis qmnilebaTa gasaocari
siyvaruliT iyo gamSvenebuli da gasulierebuli, eklesiis
enebuli tkivilis pasuxgaucemlad daTmena gamoarCevda.
grigol RmrTismetyveli eklesiaSi praqtikul moRvaweo-
basTan SedarebiT upiratesobas ganmartoebul, mWvretelo-
biT cxovrebas aniWebda, Tumca isic icoda, rom `yovel Cven-
gans yofiereba ara mxolod piradad misTvis, aramed yvela
imisTvisac eZleva, romelTac misi saerTo buneba aqvT da
erTi da imave xeliT erTi da imave miznisTvis arian Seqmnilni~
(Orat. XXV, 4). aqedan gamomdinare axasiaTebda, albaT, mTel
mis cxovrebas Taviseburi aramdgradoba, meryeoba `gaqcevasa~
da `dabrunebas~ Soris, anu sazogadoebrivi moRvaweobisaT-
120 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
vis Tavis aridebasa da sazogadoebisaTvis samsaxuris gawevis
survils Soris.1
icoda ra mWevrmetyvelebis Zala da obieqturad afaseb-
da ra Tavis SesaZleblobebs oratoruli xelovnebis JanrSi,
RmrTisa da moyvasis siyvaruli wm. mamas xSirad aiZulebda
sakuTari mowodebis daTmobasa da im gaafTrebul brZo-
laSi Cabmas, romelsac qristianobasTan dasapirispireblad
aRorZinebuli warmarTuli filosofia SeuniRbavad (neo-
platonizmi), an SeniRbuli saxiT (eretikuli mimdinareobani)
eweoda qristesa da misi eklesiis winaaRmdeg. im gamarjvebaSi,
romelsac RmrTismetyvelebis kapadokiurma skolam maTTan
brZolaSi miaRwia, basili didsa da grigol noselTan erTad,
gansakuTrebuli wvlili miuZRvis wm. grigolsac, romelsac
yovladwminda samebasa da mis pirebze dogmaturi swavlebis
gansamartad warmoTqmuli sityvebis gamo, eklesiam wodeba
RmrTismetyvelisa damsaxurebulad mianiWa.
Tavi I. grigol RmrTismetyvelis
cxovreba da moRvaweoba
grigol RmrTismetyveli 329 wels daibada kapadokiaSi, qa-
laq nazianzis maxloblad, sofel arianzSi. mis mSoblebs erqvaT
grigoli da nona. nona qristianul ojaxSi aRzrdili, Rrmad
morwmune qali iyo gansxvavebiT qmrisagan, romelic warmar-
Tul sarwmunoebasTan aRreul iudaizms scemda pativs. grigo-
lis damokidebuleba sarwmunoebis mimarT nonas did tkivils
ayenebda, radgan surda qmarTan sulieri kavSiric hqonoda.
ufalma Seismina RmrTismosavi qalis vedreba; grigols Zil-
Si eCvena, rom zepirad warmoTqvamda 121-e fsalmunis pirvel
1
Н. И. Сагарда, Лекции по патрологии. Издательство Русской Православной
Церкви. 2004. gv. 651.
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 121
muxls: `vixare, romelTa mrques me: saxlsa uflisasa SevideT~,
da es maSin, roca meuRlis mravalgzis Txovnas _ fsalmunebi
waekiTxa, yovelTvis mtkice uariT pasuxobda. am saswaulebriv-
ma sizmarma grigoli miaxvedra, sad unda eZia WeSmariti Rmer-
Ti. igi nikeaSi gamarTul pirvel msoflio krebaze mivida da
qristes rwmena aRiara. grigoli jer mRvdlad akurTxes, xolo
Semdeg nazianzis saepiskoposo kaTedrac Caabares.
mSoblebisa da sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb grigol RmrTism-
etyveli TviTonve mogviTxrobs avtobiografiuli xasiaTis
poetur qmnilebebSi,2 romelTagan pirvel rigSi vrceli leqsi
`sakuTar cxovrebaze~ unda davasaxeloT. rogorc TviTonve
gveubneba, ZiriTadi mizezi, romelmac mas sakuTari cxovrebis
gadmocema gadaawyvetina, iyo survili _ xeli SeeSala mtrebis
mier SeTxzul ciliswamebaTa gavrcelebisa da ganmtkicebi-
saTvis. boroti adamianebi xom maTgan devnilebs swored imaSi
sdeben brals, rasac TviTonve sCadian. am gziT cdiloben
isini mowinaaRmdegeebs axali boroteba miayenon, xolo Tvi-
Ton Tavi braldebebisagan gaiTavisuflon.
garda amisa, rogorc avtori wers, `zomieri sityva mwux-
arebas kurnavs, xolo axalgazrdebisaTvis igi erTdroulad
gakveTilicaa da tkbobis mimniWebelic, anu mokled rom vTq-
vaT, sasiamovno damoZRvras warmoadgens~. magram ramdena-
dac grigol RmrTismetyvelis mier gadmocemuli sakuTari
cxovreba gulwrfeli aRsarebaa, igi yvelas mosasmenad rodia
gamiznuli, aramed mxolod maTTvis, vinc adamianTagan miy-
enebuli sulieri Wrilobebis mware tkivilebi rwmeniT da-
Zlia. analogiisaTvis poeti ixsenebs Zvel Tqmulebas, romlis
mixedviTac, boroti iqednesagan dageslili Tavis tanjvaze
2
wm. grigol RmrTismetyvelis cxovreba ZiriTadad gadmocemulia mis-
ive avtobiografiuli poeziis mixedviT. Творения иже во святых отца нашего
Григория Богослова, т. I-II. Издание Сойкина (б. г.) (репринт), Святого-Троицкая
Сергиева лавра, 1994. Eij~ to;n eJautou` bivon. PG, t. 37.
122 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
mxolod mas uambobda, visac TviTonac hqonda gancdili ur-
Cxulis basri kbilebis Zala, radganac mxolod amgvarma ada-
mianma icoda, ra eniTauwerel tkivilebs iTmenda iqednesa-
gan dakbenili. `aseve, _ ambobs grigol RmrTismetyveli, _ me
Cemi tanjvis istorias gavuziareb mxolod maT, romelTac
Cemnairi siyvaruli, wameba da mwuxareba ganucdiaT~. poeti
darwmunebulia, rom swored amgvarni moismenen misi sulis
biografias TanagrZnobiTa da siyvaruliT, maSin roca, maTT-
vis, romelTac rwmena zereled, mxolod gulis ficarze aqvT
aRbeWdili da romelTa Sinagani samyarosTvisac ucxoa meufis
Zlieri siyvaruli, radganac mxolod efemerulze zrunaven,
misi Txroba mxolod ironiuli Rimilis momgvreli iqneba.
`Cemi cxovreba anu Cemi mwuxareba~, _ ambobs igi da mar-
Tlac, Txrobisas mwuxarebaTa es jaWvi mxolod alag-alagaa
gawyvetili naTeli mogonebebiT, romlebic pirvel rigSi mSo-
blebsa da ojaxur wreSi gatarebuli yrmobis wlebs ukavSird-
eba. gansakuTrebiT did siamovnebas grigol RmrTismetyvels
mSobelTa saxeebis gaxseneba hgvris. `mamaCemi, _ wers igi, _
mSvenieri da friad keTili moxuci iyo, znekeTili, cxovrebaSi
samagaliTo, WeSmariti patriarqi, meore abraami~.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, Tavdapirvelad igi mcdar gzas
adga, xolo Semdeg qristes megobari da misi erT-erTi mwy-
emsmTavaric ki Seiqna, _ nazianzis episkoposi gaxda. saTnoe-
baSi meuRles tols ar udebda nona, piriqiT, Tavdapirvelad
RmrTismosaobiT igi qmars aRemateboda kidec, radganac qali
mxolod sxeuliT iyo, Torem zniTa da CveulebebiT mamak-
acebze maRlac ki idga. dedis gonierebis dasadastureblad
grigol RmrTismetyveli mis mraval saukeTeso TvisebaTagan
ixsenebs erTs, romelic Tavmdablobaze metyvelebs. nonas
Rrmad sjeroda, rom umjobesia isic ki dafaro, rac cxadia,
vidre laparakis siyvaruliT gatacebulma imiT iyoyoCo, rac
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 123
dafaruli unda iyos. am gzaze mas xelmZRvanelobda udidesi
moZRvari _ RmrTis SiSi.
nonasa da grigols Svili karga xans ar SeeZinaT. nonam,
romelsac Zalian undoda vaJiSvili hyoloda, survilis as-
ruleba RmerTs sTxova da aRTqma dado, rom mas ufals miuZ-
Rvnida. RmerTma Seismina misi vedreba da qalma momavali Svi-
lis saxe CvenebaSi ixila. Cvenebidanve Seityo isic, Tu romeli
saxeli unda daerqmia vaJiSvilisaTvis. amasTan dakavSirebiT
grigol RmrTismetyveli wers: `Tu me dedis mier micemu-
li aRTqmis Rirsi var, es wyalobaa _ RmrTisagan boZebuli,
xolo ukeTu aRTqmas ar Seveferebi, es ukve Cemi codvaa~.
misi rwmeniT, dedis aRTqmam gansazRvra misi ufrosi vaJiSvi-
lis damokidebuleba sazogadoebriv yofasTan, romelSic igi
Tavs yovelTvis ucxod grZnobda: `Sevabijeb Tu ara cxovre-
baSi, misTvis maSinve ucxo vxdebi, gaucxoebuli ki mSvenivrad
vgrZnob Tavs, radganac RmrTisTvisa var miZRvnili, viTarca
kravi an sayvareli xbo, msxverpli keTilSobili da gonieri,
rogorc axali samueli~.
Cvilis saxvevebidan moyolebuli, igi mSvenierebis same-
foSi izrdeboda, radgan Tvalwin hyavda adamianuri saTnoebis
srulyofili nimuSebi _ mSoblebi. amgvari garemos wyalobiT
yrmobaSive SeiZina moxucTaTvis damaxasiaTebeli sidinje.
misi gulmodgineba sakuTari Tavis srulyofisaTvis dRiTi-
dRe izrdeboda, raSic xels uwyobda saRmrTo wignebis kiTxva,
romelic did sixaruls aniWebda. roca am wlebs ixsenebs,
grigol nazianzeli yoymanobs, gaixsenos Tu ara is saswaule-
bi, romliTac ufali, miiRo ra misi erTguleba keTil dasawy-
isad, samsaxurisaken aqezebda. dafarva maTi umaduroba iqneba,
xolo gaxseneba Tavis mowonebis gareSe ar gamovao, _ wers igi
da sabolood mainc dumils amjobinebs, radgan misTvis isic
sakmarisi iyo, rom TviTon axsovda da icoda yovelive.
124 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
umaRlesi literaturuli da ritorikuli ganaTleba man
ZmasTan, kesariosTan erTad, jer kapadokiis dedaqalaq kesa-
riaSi miiRo karteriosTan. aqve gaicno basili didic. aqedan
grigoli jer palestinis kesariaSi gadavida, sadac safuZ-
vlianad gaecno Zveli aRTqmis wignebs da ritorikuli xe-
lovneba Seiswavla; kesariis palestinidan ki, daaxloebiT 350
wels aleqsandriaSi gaemgzavra, xolo iqidan aTenSi, romelic
Tavisi saxelganTqmuli warmarTuli akademiiT axalgazrdebs
meoTxe saukuneSic izidavda. samwuxarod, dro, romelic man
aTenSi wasasvlelad SearCia, Seuferebeli gamodga zRviT mog-
zaurobisaTvis. kunZul kviprosTan gamZvinvarebulma qarebma
xomaldi talRebze nafotiviT aaTamaSes. miwa, zRva, eTeri da
Camobnelebuli zeca erT Ramed Seirwyao, _ igonebs grigol
RmrTismetyveli. xomaldis garSemo wyali maRal kedlebad
aRimarTa. erTmaneTSi airia gemis mepatroneTa, msaxurTa da
mgzavrTa tirilnarevi xmebi. yvelani, isinic ki, romelTac
adre ar icodnen WeSmariti RmerTi, saSvelad qristes moux-
mobdnen, radganac yvelaze STamagonebeli gakveTili swored
SiSia. roca xomaldi Zlieri dartymebisagan orad gaipo, mou-
lodnelad movida xsna finikieli vaWrebis saxiT. finikieleb-
ma, Tumca Tavadac SeSinebulni iyvnen, dasaRupad ganwirulTa
vedrebas yuri aTxoves da mgzavrebi CasaZirad gamzadebuli
gemidan TavianT xomaldze gadaiyvanes. aboboqrebuli zRvis
mZvinvareba kidev mravali dRis ganmavlobaSi gagrZelda. ara-
vin icoda, saiT micuravdnen. yvelas xorcieli sikvdilisa
eSinoda, grigol RmrTismetyvelisaTvis ki gansakuTrebiT
Tavzardamcemi sulieri sikvdili iyo, radganac SeiZleboda,
arastumarTmoyvare wylis wyalobiT, mokleboda ganwmend wy-
als, romelic mas RmerTTan SeaerTebda. aq poeti naTlo-
bis ganbanvas gulisxmobs: igi xom jer kidev mounaTlavi iyo.
am qveynidan mounaTlavad wasvlis SiSma misi mwuxareba ise
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 125
gaamZafra, rom misma savedrebelma RaRadisma talRebis xmau-
ric ki dafara da, rac Zneli dasajerebelia, sxvebs sakuTari
gasaWiri daaviwya, mis tanjvas yvela TanagrZnobiT moekida
da mis vedrebas Tavisi xmac SeuerTa.
roca ukve xsnis yovelgvari imedi gadaiwura, radgan arsad
Canda arc varskvlavebi, arc anTebuli Suqura da arc xmeleTi,
grigolma Zala moikriba, sulieri mzera qristesaken warmarTa
da Seevedra: `ukeTu udides safrTxes Tavs davaRwev, SenTvis
vicxovreb, xolo Tu ar gadamarCen, dakargav msaxurs. axlac
SeSfoTebulia mowafe Seni, ganmifrTxe sizmari, an kidev wy-
aldawyal modi da safrTxes bolo mouRe~.3
am vedrebas Sedegad saswauli mohyva: aboboqrebuli qarebi
Cawynardnen, zRvac damSvidda da xomaldmac ryeva Sewyvita;
da, rac mTavaria, am saswaulis Sedegad, vinc ki xomaldze iyo,
iqidan yvela qristes mimarT mowiwebis grZnobiT gadmovida.
aTenis akademiaSi swavlisas grigol RmrTismetyveli gul-
modgined cdilobda pirveli yofiliyo imaT Soris, romelTac
icodnen, Tu vin aris TviTon pirveli (igulisxmeba RmerTi).
maSin, roca misi tolebi axalgazrduli xalisiT eZleodnen
garTobas, igi mSvidsa da wynar cxovrebas eweoda. RmerTma
aqac daajildova, _ megobrobiT daakavSira kacTan, romelic
gonebiTac da cxovrebis wesiTac yvelaze maRla idga. es iyo
basili didi. rogorc grigol nazianzeli wers, maT hqondaT
erTi saerTo suli or sxeulSi. am sulier erTobas safuZ-
vlad mtkice rwmena da srulyofisaken swrafva edo. roca
erTmaneTis ndoba moipoves da erTmaneTs gulis yvelaze fa-
ruli zraxvebic ki gauziares, maSin SeakavSira isini siyvar-
ulma, romlis safuZvelsac Tanamoazreoba da erTi miznisken
miswrafeba qmnis. maTTan daaxloeba imperiis taxtis memkvi-
3
grigol RmrTismetyveli am SemTxvevaSi Tavis mdgomareobas petre moci-
qulis mdgomareobas adarebs, romelic wyaldawyal siarulisas SeSinda, Ca-
Zirva iwyo da mSvelelad ieso qristes uxmo (mT. XIV, 28-32).
126 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
drem iulianemac moindoma, magram mas ukve etyoboda gansa-
kuTrebiT Zlieri ltolva warmarTobisaken, ris gamoc, gan-
sxvavebiT basili didisagan, romelic misTvis wmida werilis
ganmartebas moTminebiT cdilobda, grigol RmrTismetyvels
masTan gatarebuli dro dakargulad miaCnda.
amasobaSi grigol RmrTismetyvels 30 weli Seusrulda.
swavlis wlebic gailia. ganSorebis dro axlovdeboda; pirve-
lad basili didi gaemgzavra mSobliur neokesariaSi. grigol
nazianzeli ramdenime xans kidev darCa aTenSi, magram megobris
gareSe gauWirda da Tumca yvelani, ucnobebica da nacnobebic,
maswavleblebica da Tanatolebic erTxmad sTxovdnen aTenSi
darCenas, 357 wels mainc gadawyvita mSobliur mxareSi dab-
runebuliyo, romelic saocari ZaliT izidavda. amitomac aT-
enis maRal sazogadoebaSi trialsa da oratorul xelovnebaSi
pirvelobas mSobliur sofelSi ganmartoeba da sibrZnismoyva-
reobisaTvis Tavis micema amjobina. samSobloSi uxmobdnen,
agreTve, droiTa da siberiT daSinebuli mSoblebic.
grigol RmrTismetyveli, TayvanismcemelTa SiSiT, aTeni-
dan farulad gaemgzavra. gzad konstantinepolSi gaiara, sa-
dac moulodnelad Sexvda Tavis Zmas, kesarioss, romelsac am
droisaTvis cnobili mkurnalis saxeli ukve mopovebuli hqon-
da da momavalic naTel ferebSi esaxeboda; magram grigolma
SeZlo daerwmunebina umcrosi Zma, rom imperatoris karze,
romelic ariozis eresis mimdevari iyo, miRweul warmatebasa
da uzrunvelad cxovrebas samSobloSi, moxuc mSoblebTan da-
bruneba sjobda da kesariosic daeTanxma, magram amqveyniuri
didebis mopovebis cdunebas ver gauZlo da cota xnis Semdeg
isev dedaqalaqs miaSura, sadac samsaxurs amjerad imperatori
iulianes samefo karze Seudga.
es is iuliane iyo, romelic aTenis warmarTul akademiaSi
swavlis dros basilsa da grigolTan daaxloebas cdilobda
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 127
da romelSic qristianobis dauZinebeli mteri wm. grigolma
Tavidanve amoicno.
cnobilia, rom imperatoris taxtze asvlis Semdeg iuliane
WeSmaritebas cxadad daupirispirda, sruliad fantastikuri
gegma Caifiqra da romis qristianuli imperiis ukan, warmar-
Tobaze dabruneba moindoma. amitomac Sevida igi istoriaSi
gandgomilis zedwodebiT. bunebrivia, masTan samsaxuris daw-
yebiT kesariosma didi tkivili miayena rogorc mSoblebs,
aseve Zmasac, magram sabednierod, roca igrZno, rom iulianes
wyalobis mosapoveblad qristianoba unda daeTmo, meoris sa-
sargeblod pirveli daTmo da Sin dabrunda, Tumca iulianes
sikvdilis Semdeg, imperatori valentis dros, isev saero
samsaxurSi Cadga da finansuri uwyebis moxele gaxda. kesa-
riosi saswaulebrivad gadaurCa sikvdils miwisZvris dros,
romelic nikeaSi 368 wlis 11 oqtombers moxda, magram amis
Semdeg didxans aRar ucocxlia. misma gardacvalebam grigols
didi tkivili miayena.
rogorc Cans, kapadokiaSi dabrunebis Semdeg grigoli ma-
leve moinaTla da iZulebuli gaxda momavali cxovrebis gzaze
dafiqrebuliyo. man, rogorc TviTonve gveubneba, Sinagan sam-
sjavroze Sekriba megobrebi, anu gulismieri zraxvani, _ es
yvelaze sando mrCevlebi. roca ukeTesTa Soris saukeTeso
gzas eZebda, misi goneba saSinelma morevma moicva. is, rom
yoveli xorcieli mizani da wadili Rrmad unda daemarxa, es
Tavidanve gadawyvetili hqonda, magram cdilobda Seucdom-
lad aerCia gza, romliTac RmrTis samsaxurs yvelaze ukeT
SeZlebda. `Tu rames SeiZleba Sevadaro Cemi mdgomareoba, _
wers igi, _ me vgavdi adamians, romelsac Cafiqrebuli aqvs
Soreuli mogzauroba, magram gaurbis ra zRviT gamgzavrebas,
eZebs gzas, romelic ufro mosaxerxebeli iqneba~.
bolos da bolos misi arCevani saSualo gzaze SeCerda.
128 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
mas SeniSnuli hqonda, rom adamianebi, romelTac sisxlsavse,
qmediTi cxovreba moswonT, sasargebloni arian sazogadoe-
bisaTvis, magram usargebloni sakuTari TavisaTvis. isini ver
axerxeben, Tavi aaridon cxovrebisagan miRebul mraval wy-
enasa da tkivils, ris gamoc maTi rbili zne mSfoTvare xdeba;
xolo rac soflisagan ganSorebulebs, _ gandegilebs Seexeba,
maT cxovreba ukeTesad aqvT mowyobili da gonebiT Wvreten
RmerTs, magram sasargebloni mxolod sakuTari TavisTvis
arian. maTi siyvaruli viwro wreSia Caketili, xolo cxovreba,
romelsac ewevian, _ uCveulo da mkacri.
aqedan gamomdinare, grigol RmrTismetyvelma, gande-
gilTa da sazogadoebaSi mcxovrebTa Soris saSualo gzis
arCeva gadawyvita; pirvelTagan gonebis koncentrirebisaken
swrafva isesxa, xolo meoreTgan _ miswrafeba, yofiliyvnen
sasargebloni sazogadoebisaTvis. amgvari gzis arCevas xeli
Seuwyo zrunvamac moxuc mSoblebze; mSoblebis pativiscema,
romelTagan davalebulni varT imiT, rom RmerTs SevicnobT,
xom igive RmrTismosaobaa. grigol nazianzeli ufrTxildebo-
da maT siberes, xeliT dahyavda isini, raTa Tavadac bednieri
sibere hqonoda. rac Seexeba saeklesio kaTedras, igi mas did
pativad eCveneboda, daaxloebiT imad, rac mzis sxivia susti
TvalebisaTvis. roca is ase msjelobda Tavis momaval cxovre-
baze da mamamismac, nazianzis episkoposmac, zustad icoda
misi Sexedulebani, gaugebari mizeziT, SesaZloa mamobrivi
siyvaruliT waqezebulma (Zalauflebis mqoneTa siyvaruli
zogjer mZlavrobs kidec), raTa Svili sasuliero borkile-
biT Seekra, misi nebis winaaRmdeg, daaxloebiT 362 wels igi
mRvdlad akurTxa. am iZulebisas grigol RmrTismetyvelma
daiviwya yovelive: megobrebi, mSoblebi, mamuli da pontoSi
wavida im imediT, rom RmrTeebrivi megobari ganukurnavda
mwuxarebas.
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 129
am droisaTvis basili dids pontoSi, sagvareulo mamul-
Si, ukve daarsebuli hqonda monasteri, sadac igi ufalTan
TanacxovrebiT ramdenime ZmasTan erTad Sromobda; Tumca bo-
los mainc dabrunda nazianzSi, radgan mamis mudaris mimarT
gulgrili ver darCa. amis Semdeg mas axali ubedureba daatyda
Tavs, gardaecvala Zma kesariosi, romelsac saxelmwifo xa-
zina ebara. micvalebulis qonebas mravali waepotina; Sinau-
rebi, ucxoebi, megobrebi erTmaneTs ecilebodnen mitaceba-
misakuTrebaSi. rogorc poeti wers, roca muxa daecema, vin
ityvis uars SeSis maragis dagrovebaze?
363-364 wlebSi nazianzis eparqiaSi ganxeTqileba daiwyo,
romlis mizezic nazianzis episkoposis, ufrosi grigolis
ariozul mrwamsze xelis mowera gaxda. mRvdelmTavars daup-
irispirdnen nikeis mrwamsis erTguli berebi, romelTac gver-
diT samwysos mniSvnelovani nawilic daudga. ganxeTqilebas
bolo, RmrTis SemweobiT, wm. grigolis gonivruli rCeviT
moeRo, kerZod, man mama daarwmuna, sajarod eRiarebina nikeis
mrwamsi da am gziT daemtkicebina, rom igi qristes WeSmariti
Tayvanismcemeli iyo.
amave xanebSi basili dids, romelmac imperiis ariozuli
xelisuflebisagan eklesiis dasacavad ganmartoebul asketur
cxovrebaze uari Tqva da msaxureba kesariis eklesiaSi dai-
wyo, uTanxmoeba mouvida kesariis episkopos evsevisTan. Tumca
mizezi am uTanxmoebisa evsevis adamianuri sisuste iyo: mas
gauWirda Serigeba imasTan, rom mRvdels, rogorc sarwmunoe-
brivi moZRvrebis mcodnesa da did mqadagebels, kesariis ekl-
esiaSi ufro didi saxeli da avtoriteti hqonda mopovebuli
vidre mRvdelmTavars; uTanxmoeba rom ar gaRrmavebuliyo da
konfliqtamde ar misuliyo, basili didma pontoSi mis mierve
daarsebul monasterSi ganmartoeba gadawyvita. igive urCia
wm. grigolmac da TviTonac Tan gahyva.
130 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
ariozelTa ganuwyveteli TavdasxmebiT Seviwrovebuli ev-
sevi maleve mixvda, rom mas marto, mcodne da gamocdili TanaS-
emwis gareSe, kesaria-kapadokiis eklesiis marTva gauWird-
eboda da grigols sTxova basilTan Seerigebina. wminda mamam
am Serigebis aucileblobaSi megobaric daarwmuna da basili
kapadokiis dedaqalaqSi dabrunda.
Serigeba marTlac gulwrfeli gamodga, rac maleve saqmiT-
ac gancxadda. rogorc basili didisadmi miZRvnil epitafiaSi
Tavad wm. grigoli wers, basili evsevisTvis yvelaferi gaxda:
keTili mrCevelic, marjvena xelic, wm. werilis ganmmarte-
belic, moZRvaric, siberis kverTxica da rwmenis sayrdenic.4
370 wels evsevi kesarieli gardaicvala. cxadia, kesariis
saepiskoposo taxtze asvlis erTaderTi Rirseuli kandidati
basili didi iyo, magram misi episkoposad xelTdasxma, ariozis
eresis mimdevar episkoposTa simravlis gamo, mainc kiTxvis qveS
dadga. am dros SesaSuri energia gamoiCina ufrosma grigol
nazianzelma, romelmac werilebi miswera evsevi samosatelsa
da kesarielebs. pirveli daarwmuna, rom misi Camosvla da
arCevnebSi monawileobis miReba eklesiis interesebis dasaca-
vad aucilebeli iyo, xolo dedaqalaqis mcxovrebT basilis
arCevisaken mouwoda. garda amisa, siberiT dauZlurebulma,
TiTqmis asi wlis moxucma, basilisTvis xmis misacemad kesa-
riaSi Tavi sakaciT Caayvanina.
brZola basili didis mRvdelmTavris taxtidan Camogdebi-
saTvis misi aRsaydrebis dRidanve daiwyo. isedac gaTavxede-
bul eretikosebs eretikuli xelisuflebis mxardaWera kidev
ufro aTavxedebda. roca xelisuflebam mravalgzisi mcdelo-
bis miuxedavad, basili didi verc gadaibira da verc kesaria-
kapadokiis mitropolitobidan gadaayena, misi xelisuflebisa
4
wm. grigol RmrTismetyveli. epitafia basili didisa. Zv. berZnulidan
Targmna g. koplataZem. saqarTvelos eklesiis 2016 wlis kalendari, ssg.
Tbilisi, gv. 151.
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 131
da gavlenis sferos Sesamcireblad metropolia orad gayo.
erTis dedaqalaqad kesaria darCa, xolo meoris centri qalaqi
tiana gaxda.
grigol RmrTismetyveli mogviTxrobs im konfliqtis Ses-
axeb, romelic axali metropoliis mTavarepiskopos anTimoz
tianels basilTan hqonda da brals mas sdebs. anTimozis `moR-
vaweobis~ mizani basili didis, rac SeiZleba metad, Seviwroeba
iyo. igi `itacebda Semosavlebs~ da mRvdlebis gadasabireblad
yovel Rones xmarobda, xolo ukeTu vinme daumorCileblobas
gaubedavda, saswrafod Tavisi momxriT cvlida.
pasuxad basili didma axali saepiskoposo kaTedrebi daaar-
sa im qalaqebSi, sadac isini adre ar iyo da marTlmadidebel
mRvdelmTavarTa ricxvis gazrdas am gziT Seecada. ase daarsa
man saepiskoposo kaTedra patara qalaq sasimaSi da mis epis-
koposad grigol RmrTismetyveli akurTxa. sasima nazianzsa da
tianas Soris mdebareobda da mis mmarTvelobaze pretenzias
anTimozic acxadebda. Tavdapirvelad grigoli megobars ar
daeTanxma, magram, rogorc Cans, bolos, rogorc TviTon wers,
`qedi mainc moudrika~ da 372 wlis maxloblad misi xelTdasxma
sasimas episkoposad nazianzSi mainc Sedga, Tumca misive si-
tyvebiT rom vTqvaT, `suliT ar modrekila~ da movaleoba am
qalaqis mwyemsmTavrisa arasodes Seusrulebia.
sasimaSi gza samad iyofoda. grigol nazianzelis aRweriT,
es iyo uwylo da xrioki adgili, sadac miwa balaxsac ki ar
aRmoacenebda, saSinlad mosawyeni da uferuli. sasimaSi yov-
elTvis mtvris buRi trialebda, gamudmebiT ismoda etlebis
borblebis raxa-ruxi, sxvadasxva enaze molaparake adamianTa
erTmaneTSi areuli xmebi. ai, aseT qalaqSi miavlina igi basili
didma im mizniT, rom es mxare, romelsac ariozis mimdevari
imperatoris, valentis gadawyvetilebiT, arTmevdnen, sasi-
maSi axali saepiskoposo kaTedris daarsebiT rogorme Seen-
132 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
arCunebina. grigol RmrTismetyvelze verc mamis vedrebam
imoqmeda, igi sasimaSi ar wasula. maSin mamam sTxova nazianzis
eparqiis marTvaSi mainc SeSveleboda ukve Rrmad moxucsa da
dauZlurebuls.
373-374 wlebSi, daaxloebiT asi wlis asakSi gardaicva-
la ufrosi grigoli, male mas meuRlec mihyva. morwmuneebi
evedrebodnen wminda grigols, mamis kaTedra daekavebina na-
zianzSi; im mcire xnis ganmavlobaSic ki, roca igi nazianzis
mwyemsmTavris movaleobas asrulebda, episkoposebs evedrebo-
da, daxmareba gaewiaT misTvis da am patara qalaqis mRvdelm-
Tavrad vinme aerCiaT. TviTon uaris or mizezs asaxelebda:
jer erTi, rom sajaro ganxilvis Sedegad ar iyo arCeuli
da meorec, didi xania gadawyvetili hqonda, ganmartoebis
mizniT, megobrebsac gascloda da saqmesac. roca dainaxa,
rom araferi gamosdioda, 379 wels, rogorc ltolvilma,
selevkiaSi Tekles saxelganTqmul taZars miaSura im imediT,
rom amasobaSi nazianzelebi daiRlebodnen da episkoposad
sxvas airCevdnen. aq Seityo man basili didis gardacvalebis
Sesaxeb, ramac martoobis gancda kidev ufro gaumZafra. Sem-
dgomSi ki RmerTma misi cxovrebis warmarTva sul sxvagvarad
ineba.
grigol nazianzelis sityviT, ori romidan pirveli keTil
gzas daadga da mTeli dasavleTi mxsneli sityviT SeakavSira,
xolo meore romi, anu konstantinepoli, romelmac Tavdapir-
velad swori gza airCia, Tavqariani da `yovelgvari borote-
biT aRsavse aleqsandriidan~ ariozis saZageli da cru moZ-
Rvrebis miRebis Semdeg, ufskrulisaken daeqana. miuxedavad
amisa, dedaqalaqSi jer kidev brwyinavda WeSmariti rwmena.
marTalia, morwmuneTa ricxvi mcire iyo, magram ufali xom
saTvalavSi ara simravles, aramed gulTa siwmides iRebs.
swored am qalaqSi gaigzavna suliwmidis madliT wminda
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 133
grigoli. ganmartoebuli sofluri cxovrebis miuxedavad, am
droisaTvis grigol nazianzels ukve bevri icnobda rogorc
didebul mWevrmetyvelsa da marTlmadidebluri rwmenis erT-
gul damcvels. dedaqalaqSi igi 379 wels miiwvies devnas ga-
darCenilma marTlmadideblebma, rogorc sasuliero, aseve
saero wridan, raTa RmrTismosaobis nakadebiT gaecocxle-
bina sulebi, romelTac, uwylobiT WknobaSeparuli xeebis ms-
gavsad, gaxmoba emuqrebodaT.
episkoposi pavles gardacvalebis Semdeg, daaxloebiT
ocdaaTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, konstantinepolis eklesia faq-
tobrivad ariozelTa xelSi iyo. imperiis dedaqalaqis ekle-
sias saTaveSi eretikosi demofile edga. marTlmadidebel
qristianTa mcirericxovan samwysos arc mwyemsmTavari hyavda
da erTi taZaric ki ar hqonda RmrTismsaxurebis Riad Cat-
arebisaTvis. wminda mamas unda gaewyvita obobas qseli, anu
mravali mimoqcevis mqone CaxlarTuli sityvebis zegavlenisa-
gan, romelic rwmenis ubraloebas anadgurebs, gaeTavisufle-
bina adamianebi da ganemtkicebina isini WeSmariti moZRvrebiT.
Tavdapirvelad qalaqi, romlis mosaxleobac ZiriTadad
ariozis moZRvrebas misdevda, mtrulad Sexvda wmida grigols.
ubralo xalxis warmodgenaSi igi mravali RmerTis mqadage-
beli iyo, radgan am xalxma ar icoda, rogor warmoedgina
erTi samebad da sameba erTad. rac Seexeba konstantinepolis
maRal wres, man kidev ufro mtruli ganwyobileba gamoamJRav-
na grigol RmrTismetyvelis mimarT, radgan uWirda im azrTan
Segueba, rom am Rarib, mudam Tavdaxrilad mosiarule, cudad
Cacmul, moxetiale mogzaurs upiratesoba unda moepovebina
siZlieriTa da silamaziT gamorCeul adamianebTan SedarebiT.
maTgan TiTqos aseTi sityvebi ismoda: `Cven vpirferobT, Sen
ki _ ara; Cven pativs maRal savarZlebs vcemT, Sen ki _ RmrTis-
moSiSebas. Cven didebuli kerZebi gviyvars, Sen ki ubralo,
134 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
romlis mTeli sakmazi mxolod marilia da gZuls qedmaRlo-
bis simware. Cven droisa da xalxis Wirveulobis (axirebis)
monebi varT da saidanac qari dauberavs, iqiTken miviqce-
viT. Cveni moZRvreba qameleonis msgavsia da mudam axal-axal
fers iRebs, Sen ki uZravi grdemli xar. rogori siTavxedea!
TiTqos rwmena yovelTvis erTi da igive iyos! ratom zRudav
ase WeSmaritebis dogmats, migvyavs ra yovelive erT mosawyen
bilikze sityvisa?~
magram, rogorc Tavisi Tavis Sesaxeb TviTonve wers, am
Seuxedavma, Raribma, motexilma, sneulma, naxevrad dabrmave-
bulma da TiTqmis xmadakargulma moxucma, WeSmaritebis msax-
urebiT, romelsac gansakuTrebul Zalasa da momxibvlelo-
bas misi gasaocari niWi da unari mWevrmetyvelebisa aniWebda,
SeiZleba iTqvas, saswauli moaxdina. yovladwmida samebaze
misi qadagebebis msmenelTa ricxvi, romelic Tavdapirvelad
Zalian mcire iyo, uswrafesad gaizarda da ara mxolod mar-
Tlmadideblebi, aramed warmarTebica da TviT eretikosebic
ki miizida, ramac ariozelebi gansakuTrebiT gaaRiziana. ma-
gram maTma TiTqmis yoveldRiurma Tavdasxmebma WeSmaritebis
mqadagebeli kidev ufro gaaZliera da msmenelTa ricxvis gaz-
rdasac xeli didad Seuwyo.
amavdroulad wminda mamas Tavs axali gansacdeli daaty-
da, romelic mas aleqsandriel kinikos filosofos maqsim-
Tan megobrobam moutana. sicofemde borotma, wvrilfexo-
bidan gamosulma TaRliTma Rrma Wriloba miayena grigol
RmrTismetyvelis mgrZnobiare suls. am kacma, romlis mTel
Rirsebas, rogorc Tavad wmida mama wers, Turme bunebrivad
xuWuWa Tmebisagan ostaturad daxveuli kululebi Seadgenda,
Caifiqra Camoegdo grigol RmrTismetyveli im kaTedridan,
romelic jer kidev ar hqonda miRebuli da, rogorc es maxeTa
gamocdil damgebs Seefereba, miznis misaRwevad ara sxvebis,
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 135
aramed Tavad wmida mamis gamoyeneba moindoma. cxovrobda ra
masTan erTad erT WerqveS, yalbi aRtacebiT, romelsac igi
wmida grigolis marTlmadidebluri swavlebis mimarT gamox-
atavda, misi imdenad didi ndoba moipova, rom grigolma mas
saxotbo sityvac ki miuZRvna. bolos da bolos maqsimma Tavisi
Canafiqris dafarva veRar SeZlo da muceli uceb cbieri da
boroti siZulviliT astkivda, ris Sedegadac aspiti daba-
da. da mainc, rogor moaxerxa man momxreebis SeZena grigol
RmrTismetyvelis sawinaaRmdegod? amis kiTxvis pasuxad wmida
mama oqros yovlisSemZleobaze migvaniSnebs: `erTma monad-
imeTagan Tqva, rom yvelaze meufebs Rvino, meore amtkiceb-
da, rom _ qalebi, brZenis azriT ki _ WeSmariteba; xolo me
oqrosac davamatebdi, radgan Zalaufleba masac ekuTvnis. igi
yovelives advilad amoZravebs~.
saeklesio da saero wridan mosyidulma momxreebma maqsims
Tma Seukveces da mwyemsad gamoacxades. Tmis Sekvecam, ro-
gorc wmida grigoli wers, mxolod is Sedegi gamoiRo, rom
ganadgurda gulmodgine garjis nayofi _ kululebi da gam-
JRavnda Tmis saidumlo, saxeldobr, iseve rogorc bibliuri
samsonisa, mTeli Zalac maqsimisa Turme mis TmebSi imaleboda.
qalaqSi ukve daufaravad alaparakdnen maqsimsa da mis saq-
meebze, ise rom, bolos TvalsaCinod gamoikveTa warmosadegi
figura srulyofili aramzadisa. rogorc mZime seni aaSkara-
vebs im patar-patara sneulebebs, romelnic vidre adamiani
janmrTeli iyo, SeumCneveli rCeboda, aseve, am ukanaskneli
aRmaSfoTebeli saqcielis wyalobiT, gamomzeurda yvela
adrindeli boroti saqme maqsimisa.
grigol RmrTismetyveli wers: `gana guSin igi Seni mego-
brebis ricxvSi ar iyo? gana guSin ar Tvlidi mas Rirsad
yvelaze didi qebisa? _ SeiZleba mkiTxos vinmem. marTalicaa,
me viyavi uvici, Rirsi sayvedurisa da motyuebuli viTarca
136 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
adami, romelic mware xis garegnulma mSvenierebam Seacdina.
me momatyua rwmenis niRabma, romelsac mis saxeze vxedavdi
da TvalTmaqcurma sityvebma. vinc morwmunea, sxvis RmrTis-
mosaobasac advilad ijerebs, Tundac igi TvalTmaqci iyos~.
maqsims mxars aleqsandriis mTavarepiskoposi petre uWerda
mxars, romelsac konstantinepolis eklesiaze Tavisi zegav-
lenis gavrceleba dedaqalaqis saepiskoposo taxtze maqsi-
mis ayvaniT surda. isargebles ra grigolis avadmyofobiT
konstantinepolSi myofma egviptelma episkoposebma, maqsimis
xelTdasxma taZarSi RamiT moindomes, magram, radgan iqidan
sasuliero dasis wevrebma da xalxma gamodevnes, xelTdasx-
mis wesi kerZo saxlSi daasrules. am gaugonarma veragobam
wm. mamas Tavzari dasca. amas isic daemata, rom ieso qristes
mtrebma maqsimis episkoposad kurTxeva misi da misi swavlebis
damarcxebad miiCnies da sixaruls daufaravad gamoxatavd-
nen, ramac Tmenis Rone gamoulia da dedaqalaqis datoveba
gadaawyvetina.
mTeli am xnis manZilze grigol nazianzeli konstantine-
polSi erTi keTilmorwmune naTesavis saxlSi cxovrobda,
sadac misi qadagebis mosasmenad Tavs iyridnen WeSmarit
swavlebas mowyurebuli adamianebi. ase rom, bolos es sax-
li samlocvelod iqca da niSnad imisa, rom wmida mamis war-
moTqmuli sityvebis wyalobiT, aq aRdga da gacocxlda mar-
Tlmadidebluri rwmena, devnili da Seviwrovebuli ariozis
eresis mier mas anastasia uwodes. man veRar SeZlo daefara
Tavisi mrevlis winaSe mZime ganwyobileba da gamosamSvidobe-
beli sityva wamoscda, ramac xalxi miaxvedra, ras apirebda
misi sayvareli moZRvari: `daicaviT samebis erTianoba ise, ro-
gorc es sayvarel Svilebs yvelaze guluxvma mamam gadmogcaT
da gaxsovdeT, sayvarelno, Cemi Sromac~.
anastasiasken, romelsac wmida mama noes kidobans adarebs,
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 137
radganac `igi erTi gaeqca msoflio warRvnas da axali marTl-
madidebluri samyaros Tesli SeinarCuna~, yoveli mxridan mo-
diodnen adamianebi, romelTac mtkiced hqondaT gadawyveti-
li, ar gaeSvaT moZRvari. taZari gaiWeda, sicxisagan sunTqva
Wirda, bavSvebi tirodnen, saRamovdeboda. yvela ificeboda,
rom vidre wmida mamisagan sasurvel sityvas ar moismenda, ukan
ar daixevda, Tundac es taZari mSvenier kubod gadaqceoda.
viRacam wmida grigols mimarTa: `Sen Seni wasvliT gaanadgureb
CvenSi wmida samebas~. maSin grigol RmrTismetyveli iZule-
buli gaxda Sepireboda xalxs, rom qalaqSi darCeboda manam,
sanam ar Camovidoda ramdenime episkoposi, romelTac elo-
debodnen.
amgvari siyvaruli xalxisa wmida mamam WeSmariti moZ-
Rvrebis gadmocemis mSvidi da amaRlebuli formebiT moipova.
igi yovelgvari mtruli ganwyobilebis gareSe, siyvaruliTa
da ara sxvaTa mimarT gamoxatuli sayveduriT, qadagebda
moZRvrebas wmida samebaze. amasTan dakavSirebiT wers: `Cems
sityvebSi me vicavdi simSvidesa da wesierebas, rogorc dam-
cveli mSvidi da Tanamlmobeli sityvisa, romelic dartymas
aravis ayenebs~. mas hqonda naTlad da mSvenivrad moxazuli
kanoni swavlebisa, saxeldobr: RmrTisken mimaval erTaderT
gzad arasodes uRiarebia advilad SesaZeni Tviseba _ boroti
enamravloba; ar laparakobda am Temaze sanaxaobebze, nadimeb-
sa da gasarTob adgilebSi; am sakiTxebs ar exeboda, agreTve,
Tavxeduri sityvebisagan ganuwmendeli eniT da arc imaTTan
saubrobda, romelTa smenac wabilwuli da ucxo iyo qriste-
saTvis... aramed RmrTismosaobas igi sityvaze metad mcnebaTa
aRsrulebiT, RatakTa dapurebiT, mogzaurTa miRebiT, avad-
myofTa movliT, fsalmunebis galobiT, locviT, sulTqmiT,
cremlebiT, SiSvel miwaze ZiliT, muclis moTokviT, grZno-
baTa CakvliT amtkicebda, rac saboloo jamSi xorcze sulis
138 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
meufebas moaswavebs.
maT, visac survili gvaqvs RmerTze vilaparakoT, wmida
mama gvaswavlis: `ilaparake, magram SiSiT ilaparake, Tanac ara
yovelTvis da ara yvelaferze, ara yvelasTan da ara yovel
adgilas. icode, vis, ramdeni, sad da rogor esaubro. yvela
sagans Tavisi dro aqvs, xolo erTi brZenis sityvebiT rom
vTqvaT, yvelaze ukeTesia zomiereba~.
amasobaSi, vidre grigol nazianzeli gaurkvevel mdgo-
mareobaSi imyofeboda, makedoniidan dedaqalaqSi dabrunda
imperatori Teodosi, romelmac imperiis taxtze goTebTan
brZolaSi samarcxvinod daRupuli valenti Secvala (381 w.).
xelmwifem mxari wmida grigols dauWira, Sexvedrisas mis
mimarT didi pativiscema da keTilganwyoba gamoamJRavna da
saubari Semdegi sityvebiT daamTavra: `Cemi meSveobiT, Rmer-
Ti Sen am taZars Seni jafis safasurad gaZlevs~. SeSinebuli
maqsimi konstantinepolidan gaiqca. ase rom, grigol RmrTism-
etyvelis konstantinepolis episkoposad dadgenaSi gadam-
wyveti roli marTlmadidebeli imperatoris mxardaWeram
Seasrula. keTilmorwmune Teodosi didis wyalobiT, imperiis
dedaqalaqSi bolo moeRo eretikosTa ganukiTxav batonobas,
romelic, taxtis manamdeli mpyrobelebis xelSewyobiT, oTx
aTeul welze met xans grZeldeboda.
dadga daniSnuli dRec wmida grigolis episkoposad xelT-
dasxmisa. taZari garSemortymuli iyo meomrebiT. xalxi ganu-
wyvetliv moedineboda taZrisaken. quCebi da moednebi mayure-
blebma aavses. marTalia, dila iyo, magram qalaqze TiTqos
isev Rame iwva, radgan mzis diskos sqeli Rrublebi faravda.
amgvarma amindma mtrebis sixaruli gamoiwvia. maTi ganmartebiT
pirquSi dRe imaze metyvelebda, rom, rac xdeboda, RmrTisT-
vis miuRebeli iyo. magram roca wmida grigoli da imperatori
sakurTxevelSi Sevidnen da taZari RmrTis erToblivi qebis
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 139
xmebma aavses, uecrad, uflis brZanebiT, Rrublebi gaipo da
mze gamobrwyinda, manamde Camuqebuli Senoba elviseburad ga-
brwyinda da taZarSi yvelaferma Zveli skiniis saxe miiRo. am
saocarma sanaxaobam grigol RmrTismetyvels gambedaoba da
mxneoba Sehmata, mis momxreebs zeciuri sixaruli agrZnobina,
xolo mtrebis utifroba ZirSive mokveTa.
grigol nazianzelis kosntantinepolis episkoposad
kurTxevis Semdeg qalaqi TiTqos dawynarda da im damarcxe-
bul goliaTs daemsgavsa, romelic yru Civils gamoscems.
mwvaleblebTan urTierTobis Taobaze wmida mama wers: `Tu
rogor unda movqceuliyavi amgvar SemTxvevaSi, maswavleT
Tqven, vinc axla meufebT, Tqven, krebulma axalgazrdebisa,
romelTa Sorisac simSvide sisustedaa miCneuli, xolo avz-
nianoba vaJkacobad. mdgomareobiTa da ZalauflebiT unda
mesargebla da mZvinvare mdevnelad gadavqceuliyavi, Tu sam-
kurnalo saSualebebiT memkurnala? ukanaskneli gzis arCeva
orgvar sargeblobas momcemda, saxeldobr, Cemi zomierebiT
isinic zomierni da mSvidni gamexada da Cemi TavisTvisac sax-
eli da keTilganwyoba momepovebina~.
imis magaliTad, Tu rogor inadirebda igi TviT mtrebis
gulsac ki simSvidiTa da SendobiT, aseTi SemTxveva mohyavs:
erTxel, roca avad iyo, masTan ubralo xalxis wridan gamo-
suli ramdenime kaci mivida, romelTac Tan erTi axalgazrda
axldaT, gafiTrebuli, Tmaawewili da Raribuli samosiT Se-
mosili. roca mosulebma TavianTi saTqmeli Tqves da wavidnen,
axalgazrda Tavdapirvelad utyv da uZrav mTxovnelad darCa,
xolo Semdeg wmida mamas fexebSi Cauvarda da mis TanagrZno-
biT aRsavse kiTxvas _ ra iyo mizezi misi gasaWirisa, mxolod
cremlebis frqveviTa da xelebis mtvreviT pasuxobda. roca
misma ubedurebam wmida grigolic aatira, maSin axalgazrda
gaiyvanes, xolo mas auxsnes, rom axalgazrda ariozelebisagan
140 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
migzavnili mkvleli iyo. wamebulma sindisma mkvleli grigol
RmrTismetyvelTan miiyvana da sakuTari Tavis keTilSobilma
bralmdebelma wm. mamis sisxlis nacvlad sakuTari cremlebi
daRvara. grigolma saSineli ganzraxva didsulovnad Seundo.
381 wels konstantinepolSi meore msoflio saeklesio
kreba moiwvies, romelmac amave wlis maisSi konstantinepolis
saepiskoposo taxtze wm. grigoli daamtkica, xolo maqsimes
qirotonia ukanonod da aranamdvilad cno. magram krebis mier
misi xelTdasxmis cnobis Semdeg igi dedaqalaqis mTavarepis-
koposad mxolod ramdenime dRe darCa.
krebas Tavdapirvelad antioqiis mTavarepiskoposi meleti
Tavmjdomareobda, xolo meletis gardacvalebis Semdeg _ wmi-
da grigoli. eklesiis erTianobis SesanarCuneblad antioqiis
mTavarepiskoposis daqvrivebul taxtze asayvanad man mxari
dauWira pavlines, romelsac jer kidev meletis sicocxleSi
antioqiis mwyemsmTavrad Tvlida dasavleTis eklesia. im ganx-
eTqilebis mosaspobad, romelic antioqiaSi ori mTavarepis-
koposis arsebobiT iyo ganpirobebuli, wmida grigolma Sekre-
bil mwyemsmTavrebs mouwoda, rom radgan meleti Tavisi dRiT,
bunebrivi sikvdiliT gardaicvala, antioqiis mwyemsmTavrad
pavline ecnoT; es iqneboda gonivruli gadawyvetileba dasav-
leTisa da aRmosavleTis eklesiebs Soris erTobis aRsad-
genad, rasac samwyso qristesi, vinc codviT daSlili kaco-
briobis gasamTlianeblad, jvarze ewama, gansakuTrebiT unda
gafrTxileboda.
grigol RmrTismetyvelma swored es Seaxsena krebas, roca
mas pavlines mxardaWerisaken mouwoda: `...xedavT did wres
miwisas _ sferos, uflis Zvirfasi sisxlis nakadebiT aRbe-
Wdils? vinc ewama, viTarca kaci da Tavi Tvisi misca Cvens
gamosasyidad, xedavT dedamiwis sferos, ganwmendils sxva
mravali meoradi msxverpliTac? axla igi ori angelozis (ase
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 141
vuwodeb) wyalobiT iryeva, magram arc isini (da amas vambob
mwuxarebiT) ar arian Rirsni aseTi pativisa, piriqiT, ramde-
nadac isini angelozebi arian, imdenad ufro ar imsaxure-
ben imas, rom maT gamo viCxuboT da cudad moviqceT. sanam
RmrTeebrivi episkoposi (e. i. meleti) cocxali iyo, ucnobi
rCeboda, miiRebda Tu ara mas odesme dasavleTis episkopose-
bi, aqamde mis sawinaaRmdegod ganwyobilni. axla, roca ukve
qariSxali Cadga da RmerTma Tavis eklesias simSvide misca,
ra aris saWiro? miiReT Cemi keTilgonivruli winadadeba,
romelic axalgazrdebis sibrZnes aRemateba, radgan Cven, be-
brebs, ver dagvarwmunebs maTi mgznebareba, romelic upirate-
sobas yovelTvis amao didebis survils aniWebs. dae, taxti
gadaeces imas, visac igi aqamde ekuTvnoda... dadga gadamwyveti
wuTi, an momavlisaTvis unda SevinaxoT Cveni wmida dogmati,
an kidev igi ganxeTqilebisagan unda daeces... dae, gaimarjvon
Cvenze mciredSi, raTa Cven TviTon mniSvnelovani gamarjveba
movipovoT, gadavrCeT RmrTisTvis da gadavarCinoT samyaro,
romelsac Cvens sazianod vRupavT. yvela gamarjvebas rodi
moaqvs dideba. keTilad mokleba ki ukeTesia cud SenaZenze~.
samwuxarod, grigol RmrTismetyvelis STagonebulma sity-
vam krebis monawile aRmosavleTis episkoposebze Sesaferisi
gavlena ver moaxdina, radgan pavlines antioqiis mTavarepis-
koposad cnoba gardacvlili meletis xsovnis Seuracxyofad
da aRmosavleTis eklesiis damcirebad miiCnies; ase rom, maT
ver SeZles, eklesiis erTianobaze zrunva amao pativmoyva-
reobaze maRla daeyenebinaT da meletis memkvidred flabiane
daadgines.
wm. grigoli ganawyenda da ramdenime xnis ganmavlobaSi
krebis msvlelobaSi monawileobas aRar iRebda. amasobaSi kon-
stantinepolSi egvipteli episkoposebi Camovidnen, romelnic
maqsimis gansjiT ukmayofiloni iyvnen. maT konstantinepolis
142 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
mTavarepiskoposis taxtze grigol RmrTismetyvelis damt-
kiceba nikeis krebis mier miRebuli kanonis, romlis mixedvi-
Tac, episkoposis erTi kaTedridan meoreze gadayvana ikrZa-
leboda, darRvevad miiCnies da misi gadayeneba moiTxoves.
rogorc ki es sakiTxi wamoiWra, wmida grigolma Semdegi
sityvebiT mimarTa krebas: `qristes eklesiis mwyemsno! ar
gmarTebT kamaTi Cem gamo, radganac ukeTesi rodi var iona
winaswarmetyvelze; me gadamagdeT zRvaSi, oRond ki Tqvens
Soris mSvidoba sufevdes~.
wmida grigolma krebasa da imperators konstantinepolis
episkoposis taxtidan wasvlis nebarTva sTxova. arc krebis
monawile mamebsa da arc imperators misi survilisaTvis _
gadamdgariyo, winaaRmdegoba ar gauwevia. wm. mama Tavis sam-
wysos gamoeTxova da kapadokiaSi dabrunda. pirvelad igi
nazianzSi Cavida iqauri eklesiis saqmeTa mosawesrigeblad,
Semdeg kesariaSi, sadac gardacvlili megobris, basili di-
dis saflavze misi Sesaqebi sityva warmoTqva, romelic ara
mxolod misi Semoqmedebis, aramed saerTod, qristianuli
ritorikis mSvenebas warmoadgens.
sabolood, grigoli Tavis mSobliur sofelSi, arianzSi,
mamiseul patara saxlSi ganmartovda, romelsac gars xSiri
da Crdilmravali baRi ertya. wm. grigolma Tavisi sicocxlis
bolo wlebi am wynarsa da soflis amao xmaurisagan moSore-
bul savaneSi gaatara da aqve Seqmna Tavis poetur qmnilebaTa
didi nawili. igi 389 wlis 25 ianvars aResrula.
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 143
Tavi II. grigol RmrTismetyvelis Semoqmedeba
p o e z i a
grigol nazianzeli qristianuli kulturis istoriaSi Se-
vida rogorc didi RmrTismetyveli, brwyinvale oratori da
poeti. mis Semoqmedebas sam jgufad hyofen: sityvebi, poezia
da werilebi. amjerad wminda mamis Semoqmedebidan SedarebiT
srulad misi poeturi memkvidreobis ganxilvas SevecdebiT.
ramdenadac mis pirovnebaSi RmrTismetyvelma ajoba poets,
amdenad saRmrTismetyvelo TxzulebebTan SedarebiT, Crdil-
Si moeqca poeturi qmnilebebic. aqedan gamomdinare, wminda
grigolis poezia mkvlevarTa mier naklebadaa Seswavlili da,
maSasadame, naklebad cnobilic. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom is iyo
erT-erTi pirvelTagani, vinc poeturi sityva qristianuli
ideebisa da idealebis gadmosacemad da saqadageblad gamoiy-
ena. grigol RmrTismetyvelamde qristian SemoqmedTa moR-
vaweobas poeziis asparezze mainc epizoduri xasiaTi hqonda.
mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs me-4 saukunis avtoris, svinesios kvirine-
lis himnebi da meTodios patarelis (III-IV ss.) qristesadmi miZ-
Rvnili himni, romliTac misi qalwulobis saxotbo Txzuleba
`nadimi anu umankoebis Sesaxeb~ mTavrdeba.
qristianobis pirvel saukuneebSi poetur qmnilebaTa sim-
wiris ZiriTad mizezad mecnierebaSi saxelmwifosa da sazoga-
doebis mxridan is devna saxeldeba, romelsac qristes mim-
devrebi am periodSi ganicdidnen. fiqroben, rom qristes
jvarcmis Semdeg qristianebma ganuwyveteli da daundobeli
devnis gamo, TiTqmis ver moicales poeziisTvis, radganac
poezia upiratesad mocaleobis nayofia, nayofia Tavisufali
da mSvidi cxovrebisa, romelic, Tavis mxriv, kacobriobis
idealuri mxareebis ganviTarebas uwyobs xels. aseTi Jami
qristianebisaTvis 313 wels dadga, roca konstantine didma
144 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
milanis ediqtiT ieso qristes mimdevrebs sxva religiaTa aRm-
sareblebis Tanabari uflebebi mianiWa.
ra Tqma unda, angariSgasawevi sabuTia, magram arc imis davi-
wyeba gvmarTebs, rom poetur STagonebas aranakleb aZlierebs
amqveyniuri gasaWiri da pirovnuli sevda-mwuxareba. ufro
savaraudoa, rom pirveli qristianebi sulier moTxovnile-
bebs wminda werilis RmrTeebrivi sibrZnis gacnobiT sruliad
ikmayofilebdnen da ar cdilobdnen masSi gadmocemuli ide-
alebis sakuTari gancdebiT Sevseba-Semkobas, miT umetes, rom
praqtika poeturi sityvis gamoyenebisa religiuri grZnobebis
gadmosacemad kerpTmsaxurebaSic arsebobda, qristianoba ki,
gansakuTrebiT misi arsebobis pirvel saukuneebSi, warmar-
Tuli religiidan sruli gamijvnisaken iswrafoda.
adamianSi RmrTis xatis arseboba imaze metyvelebs, rom
Semoqmedma Semoqmedebis niWi mas SesaqmeSive uboZa. maSasa-
dame, adamiani bunebiTaa Semoqmedi da, gamomdinare iqidan,
rom igi Tavis bunebas didxans ver SeewinaaRmdegeba, WeSmariti
RmrTisaTvis didebis Sewirvis wrfelma survilma da swrafvam
garemomcveli samyarosa da sakuTari sulis siRrmeTa Secno-
bisaken, poeturad qristianebic aametyvela.
qristianuli poeziis warmoSobas xeli Seuwyo, agreTve,
im faqtmac, rom eretikosebma, gaiTvaliswines ra adamianTa
siyvaruli xelovnebis dargebisadmi, TavianT cru moZRvre-
baTa gasavrceleblad poezia gamoiyenes (gavixsenoT ariozi
da misi simRerebi). cnobilia, rom isini TavianT poetur qm-
nilebebs musikalur melodiebsac uwyobdnen da sazogadoe-
brivi RmrTismsaxurebis dros mRerodnen, raTa xalxs maTi
mwvalebluri ideebi da Sexedulebani advilad da siamovnebiT
SeeTvisebina.
antikur xanaSi WeSmariti RmrTis Ziebis gzaze elinebma
adamianis sulieri samyaro imdeni aspeqtiT Seicnes da isini
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 145
iseTi mravalferovani da srulyofili formebiT gadmosc-
es, rom sakuTar religiur gancdaTa gadmosacemad axali
formebis Zieba qristian poetebs aRar dasWirvebiaT. erT-
erTi pirvelTagani, vinc uxvad da niWierad isargebla maTiT,
grigol RmrTismetyveli iyo. magram aqve isic unda aRiniSnos,
rom qristes moZRvrebam pirvelsaxis Sesacnobad adamiani ise
Rrmad Caaxeda sakuTar sulSi da mis grZnobebs imdeni elferi
SesZina, rom maT gadmosacemad qristian poets yovelTvis ar
akmayofilebda antikuri muzis mier Seqmnili mza poeturi
formebi. amaze metyvelebs is, rom saerTod qristianulsa da
kerZod, grigol nazianzelis SemoqmedebaSi gvxvdeba poeturi
qmnilebani, romlebic sinkretuli formis gamo Znelia poe-
ziis romelime saxes miakuTvno. magaliTad, grigol RmrTism-
etyvelis avtobiografiuli xasiaTis nawarmoebebs, sivrcelis
gamo pirobiTad uwodeben epikurs, maSin, roca isini SinaarsiT
lirikis Janrs miekuTvnebian. mkvlevarebi mis poetur mem-
kvidreobas Sinaarsis mixedviT oTx saxed yofen: 1. gnomuri
anu eTikur-moraluri, 2. istoriuli poemebi; 3. didaqtikuri
poemebi; 4. mamxilebeli xasiaTis (satiruli) leqsebi.
a) gnomuri poezia
gnomebSi (gnwvmh, laT. sententia) srulyofili azri, Segoneba,
darigeba gadmocemulia, rac SeiZleba, mokle formiT. isini
sxartad da mwvaved gamoxataven zneobriv-praqtikul Segone-
bebsa da cxovrebiseul gamocdilebaTagan miRebul daskvnebs
da amdenad andazebs enaTesavebian; oRond andazebisagan gan-
sxvavebiT, gnomebTan erTad maTi avtorebis saxelebic cocx-
lobs.
brZnuli azrebisa da darigebebis gadmosacemad, gansa-
kuTrebiT Zvel droSi, yvela xalxi gnomebs mimarTavda,
radganac igi Sinaarsis sicxadiTac da formis lakoniuro-
146 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
biTac aRsaqmelad da dasamaxsovreblad yvelaze marjve da
mosaxerxebeli iyo. gansakuTrebuli pativiT gnomebi mainc
aRmosavleTis xalxebSi sargeblobda da yoveli maTganis kul-
turul cxovrebaSi didaqtikur poezias udebda saTaves.
berZnul mwerlobaSi gnomebi ukve homerosis poemebSi gvx-
vdeba, magram ufro Camoyalibebuli saxe mas hesiodes Semoq-
medebaSi aqvs. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia misi poema
`samuSaoni da dReni~.
gnomuri poeziis ayvavebis xanad mainc e. w. Svidi brZenisa
da kanonmdeblebis moRvaweobis xana iTvleba (40-57 olimp.).
maT miaweren gnomebs anu aforizmebs, romlebic gadmocemis
Tanaxmad, oqros asoebiT iyo amokveTili delfoSi taZris
karibWeze: `oqros Sualedi~, `Seican Tavi Seni~, `saTnoeba Zne-
lia~, `nu uwodeb adamians bedniers, vidre ar mokvdeba~.
Tavdapirvelad gnomebis _ brZnul SegonebaTa leqsad gad-
mocemisaTvis yvelaze Sesaferisad daqtiluri heqsametri iT-
vleboda. magram SemdegSi gnomuri leqsi e. w. gnomur elegiad
gardaiqmna, anu miviReT elegiuri distiqi (ori striqoni),
romelSic pirveli striqoni gamarTuli iyo daqtiluri heqsa-
metriT, xolo meore _ pentametriT. qristiani avtorebidan
ki, gnomebi sakuTari religiuri mrwamsisa da zneobis gamosax-
atavad da gasavrceleblad pirvelad wminda grigol RmrTism-
etyvelma gamoiyena.
grigol nazianzelis poeziaSi gnomuria 30-e, 31-e, 32-e, 33-e
da 34-e leqsebi. SinaarsiT isini iseTive mravalferovania, ro-
goric adamianis sulieri samyaro, romelic ZiriTadad Rmer-
TTan, sakuTar TavTan da sxva adamianebTan damokidebule-
baSi mJRavndeba. gnomebi moZRvraven qristians misi, rogorc
pirovnuli, aseve sazogadoebrivi yofis sworad warsamarTad,
zneobis dasaxvewad da saTnoebaTa kibeze yoveldRiurad asa-
maRleblad, risi Sedegic RmerTTan miaxloveba da sabolood
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 147
maradiuli netarebis mopovebaa. gnomebi moZRvraven yvelas,
visac ki WeSmaritebis gziT siaruli surs, ganurCevlad asaki-
sa, sqesisa Tu socialuri mdgomareobisa. `yoveli gnomuri
gamonaTqvami axali Sinaarsis zneobriv swavlebas Seicavs,
axal damrigeblobiT wess Seicavs, an kacobrivi cxovrebis
gamocdilebaSi romelime axal movlenaze, an movlenaTa kom-
binaciaze dakvirvebis Sedegad, zneobriv-praqtikul rCevas
iZleva, romelic axali gasulierebuli poeturi saxeebiTa da
metaforuli formiTaa warmodgenili~.5
ramdenadac mTeli kacobrivi yofa ZiriTadad sami aspeqtiT
amoiwureba: adamianis mimarTeba RmerTTan, sxva adamianebsa da
sakuTar TavTan, _ Sinaarsis mixedviT, grigol nazianzelis
sarwmunoebriv-zneobrivi Segonebebic sami saxisaa: gnomebi,
romlebic warmoaCenen adamianis movaleobas RmerTTan, sxva
adamianebTan da sakuTar TavTan mimarTebaSi.
gnomebs, romlebic gvmoZRvraven, rogori unda iyos Cveni
mimarTeba RmerTTan, safuZvlad udevs qristianuli reli-
giis `didi da pirveli~ mcneba: Seiyuaro ufali RmerTi Seni
yovliTa guliTa SeniTa da yovliTa suliTa SeniTa da yovliTa
gonebiTa SeniTa (mT. XXII, 37). Tavis erT-erT qadagebaSi qris-
tianobis am ZiriTad mcnebas wmida mama ase ganmartavs:
`ukeTu vinme SegvekiTxeba, pativs ras mivagebT
da ras veTayvanebiT, pasuxi gamzadebulia:
Cven pativs siyvaruls mivagebT,
radgan suliwmidas TqmiT, Cveni RmerTi siyvarulia
da es saxeli RmerTs yvela sxva saxelze metad esaTnoeba~.6
swored RmrTis mTeli arsebiT Seyvarebisaken mogviwodebs
grigol RmrTismetyveli gnomiT, romelSic vkiTxulobT:
5
А. Говоров, Св. Григорий Богослов как Христианский поэт, Казань, 1886, gv. 40.
6
XXIII sityva PG, t. XXXVI.
148 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
`datove mTeli samyaro, aqauri tvirTi yoveli
da ialqani Seni zeciuri cxovrebisaken warmarTe~.7
`minda rom mxolod RmerTiT mdidrdebode,
xolo mTeli samyaro, viT qseli obobasi, migaCndes~.
(XXXI, 27-28).
`usazRvrod moyvaruli mxolod RmrTisa
da RmrTeebrivisa iyav.
igi yovelTvis axloa masTan, romelic uxmobs.
mas TviTon swyuria mwyurvalni misi
da ganuwyvetliv da uxvad ifrqveva maTze;
xolo ukeTu vinme sxva ramiTaa Senze mdidari,
gulgrilad daiTmine~ (XXXIII, 145-148).
magram RmrTis WeSmaritad Seyvareba mxolod mas SeuZlia,
vinc codvebs moiZagebs da maTgan ganiwmindeba; Tavis mxriv,
ganwmenda mcnebaTa dacvis Sedegia, xolo mcnebaTa dacvas
win RmrTis moSiSeba uZRvis. WeSmaritad morwmune mxolod
is SeiZleba iyos, vinc am gzas gaivlis da RmrTis SiSidan
mis siyvarulamde amaRldeba. sxva SemTxvevaSi rwmenas gareg-
nuli, zedapiruli xasiaTi eqneba da adamiani mas pirvelive
gansacdelis Jams advilad daTmobs. amitomac gvmoZRvravs
grigol RmrTismetyveli:
`Seuracxmyofelia rwmenisa, Tuki igi gulSi ara gaqvs
da romelime feriT gareT gamoafen.
saRebavis Camorecxva Zneli araa,
me ki is miyvars, ramac siRrmeSi SeaRwia~.
(XXXI, 39-40).
sazogadoebis udides nawils, Cveulebriv, survili aqvs
7
PG, t. XXXVII, XXXI, st. 59-60.
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 149
imsjelos RmerTze da Tavi misi moZRvrebis mcodned da dam-
cvelad warmoadginos, maSin, roca eklesiis wevroba da misi
kanonebiT cxovreba (ZiriTadad marxva da locva igulisxmeba)
ar SeuZlia. swored maT mimarTavs grigol RmrTismetyveli,
roca wers:
`umjobesia giyvardes RmerTi,
vidre icavde moZRvrebas masze,
radgan yvela sityva SeiZleba sadao gaxdes,
xolo cxovrebas riT SeekamaTebi?~8 (XXXIII, 11-12).
gonebis varjiSs RmrTis misawvdomad da am gziT amaRlebas
RmrTis mcnebaTa dacviT cxovreba sjobia, radgan rogorc
wminda mama gvaswavlis:
`cxovrebas SeuZlia RmerTs dagamsgavsos,
xolo gonebas _ migiyvanos udides dacemamde~.
(XXXIII, st. 90).
gnomebs, romlebSic gadmocemulia swavleba qristianis
damokidebulebaze sxva adamianebTan, safuZvlad moyvasis si-
yvarulis Sesaxeb aseve saxarebiseuli mcneba udevs: Seiyuaro
moyuasi Seni, viTarca Tavi TÂsi (mT. XXII, 39); amas gamcneb Tquen,
raÁTa iyuarebodiT urTierTas (in. XV, 17).
`RmrTis wyaloba moipove
maxlobelTa zeda gaRebuli Seni wyalobiT~.
(XXX, 209).
`sasiamovnoa aRZra Suri Sen mimarT,
magram didi sircxvilia, Sen Tavad gSurdes~.
(iqve, 22).
8
А. Говоров, dasaxelebuli wigni, gv. 47.
150 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
`risi daTmenac ar ginda sxvisgan,
mis gakeTebas sxvis mimarT nurc Sen isurveb~.
(XXXIII, st. 19-20).
`maxlobelTa saqmeebze metad
sakuTari Tavi ganixile (XXXIII, 53).
`Seaqe sxva, magram maRali warmodgena
nu geqneba sakuTar Tavze, roca gaqeben,
radgan saSiSia, ar aRmoCnde qebaze dabla.
sxvis Seqebasac nu iCqareb;
sjobs igi gamocdilebiT Seicno, raTa ar Sercxve,
ukeTu cudi gamodgeba~ (iqve, st. 97-100).
`sjobs Seni Tavis Zageba moismino,
vidre sxva aZago.
ukeTu vinme Sens garTobas moisurvebs
da moyvass sasacilod aigdebs,
warmoidgine, rom dacinvis obieqti Sen Tavad xar.
da maSin misi sityvebi yvelaze metad
guls Sen gatkenen~ (XXXIII, 101-104).
gonierma adamianma wuTisofelSive unda izrunos ara
wuTisofeliviT warmavali, materialuri keTildReobisa
da didebis moxveWisaTvis, aramed, saTnoebaTa daunjebiT,
maradiuli netari cxovrebis mosapoveblad. marTalia, im
adamianebTan interesTa Sejaxebisas, romelnic ara RmrTis,
aramed miwieri warmavali cxovrebis kanonebiT cxovroben,
umeteswilad igi damarcxdeba, magram sanacvlod, sulis sa-
sargeblod, zneobriv upiratesobas SeinarCunebs da amde-
nad sabolood gamarjvebac mas darCeba _ gvaswavlis wminda
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 151
grigoli, roca Segvagonebs:
`nu izruneb, raTa yovelsave Sina
da yovelTvis gaimarjvo.
umjobesia, sulis sasargeblod
sxvas dauTmo Senze gamarjveba,
vidre gamarjvebiT Tavad daziande~.
`moWidaveTa Soris yovelTvis rodi
iTvleba damarcxebulad
is, vinc qveS moeqceva,
aramed xSirad zemodan moqceulic~.
(XXXIII, st. 149-152).
`saTnos rcxvenia dacva biwierTa;
es TiTqmis igivea, rom is Tavadac
biwierebis gzaze dadges~ (XXXI, 49-50).
`urTierToba biwierebTan
Senc uciloblad gaqcevs biwierad.
nurasodes miiReb wyalobas ukeTurisgan,
radgan igi misTa saqmeTa gamo
Sengan Sendobis miRebas am gziT cdilobs~.
(XXXIII, 189-192).
`marTlisagan miRebuli sasjeli sjobs,
biwierisagan mogebul pativs~ (XXX, 17).
`is maRal RmerTsac advilad uaryofs,
vinc mamas gadaudgeba.
moZRvarsac RmrTismosaobiT pativi eci,
viTarca mamas~ (XXXI, 53-54).
152 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
`Svili arasodes ar unda SeekamaTos mamas,
_ gvibrZanebs sjuli, xolo sjulze adre _ buneba~.
(XXXII, 17-18).
`an saerTod nu aswavli,
an kidev keTili cxovrebiT aswavle.
sxvagvarad erTi xeliT rom moizidav,
meoreTi ukuagdeb.
sityvebi ufro cota dagWirdeba,
Tu imas akeTeb, rac unda akeTo.
mxatvari umTavresad Tavisi suraTebiT gvaswavlis~.
(XXXII, 71-72).
`ras niSnavs sityvebi: batoni da msaxuri?
ra cudi dayofaa. yvelas erTi Semoqmedi hyavs,
yvelasTvis erTi rjulia, da erTi samsjavro.
gemsaxureba ra, msaxurs,
viTarca TanamSromels, ise Sexede~.
(XXXIII, 133-136).
Tvlis ra, rom adamiani ukeTess, vidre megobaria, amqveynad
verafers SeiZens, grigol RmrTismetyvelis azriT, gansxvave-
biT mtrobisagan, megobrobam sazRvrebi ar icis:
`nurafers dazogav erTguli megobrisTvis,
vinc Tavi ara fialasTan, aramed cxovrebis
mZime wuTebSi gaCvena;
vinc mosagebad Seni gulisa arafers akeTebs,
garda SenTvis sasargeblosi.
icode sazRvrebi mtrobisa,
magram ara kTilganwyobisa~ (XXXIII, st. 177-180).
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 153
`Tvali sxvas xedavs, TavisTavs _ vera;
sxvasac ver xedavs, ukeTu mxedveloba didad aklia.
amitomac saWiroa yvela saqmeSi mrCeveli gyavdes.
xelsac xeli sWirdeba, xolo fexs _ fexi~.
(iqve, 181-184).
mkvlevarTa azriT, grigol RmrTismetyvelis gnomuri poe-
ziis yvelaze vrcel, mravalferovansa da saintereso nawils
mesame tipis Segonebani warmoadgenen, romelnic adamians sa-
kuTar TavTan swor mimarTebas aswavlian. aq ganirCeva zneo-
brivi darigebani sulTan, sxeulTan da materialur keTil-
dReobasTan damokidebulebis TvalsazrisiT.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am saxis gnomebi Sinaarsobrivad ey-
rdnoba da variaciebs warmoadgens wminda mamis brZnuli gam-
onaTqvamisa, romelsac 31-e leqsSi vkiTxulobT da romelic,
Tavis mxriv, Tumca antikur xanaSi Seqmnili sentenciisagan _
Seican Tavi Seni _ momdinareobs, magram qristianuli Sinaar-
siTaa gamdidrebuli:
`Seican Tavi Seni, qvelo Cemo,
Tu risgan da rad xar Seqmnili,
da amis wyalobiT advilad miaRwev
silamazes pirvelsaxisas~.
es imas niSnavs, rom Tavdapirvelad ucodvelad Seqmnilma
adamianma (`rad xar Seqmnili~), romlis bunebac codvis Sedegad
zneobriv-sulierad dazianda, ara mxolod is unda Seicnos,
rogoria igi da rogori iyo, aramed isic, rogoric SeiZleba
gaxdes da gaxdeba kidec, ukeTu amis neba eqneba, misi Rirsebisa
da daniSnulebis mixedviT, risTvisac mas RmrTisagan sulieri
da fizikuri Zala eboZa. aqedan gamomdinare, sentencia qris-
tiani poetisa Sinaarsobrivad ganuzomlad bevris momcveli
154 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
da Rrmaa SedarebiT antikuri xanis gnomTan, iseve rogorc
TviTSemecneba qristianisa bevrad ufro farToa, vidre an-
tikuri epoqis adamianisa.
grigol RmrTismetyvelis azriT, sakuTari sulis ganw-
mendasa da amaRlebaze zrunva imiT unda daviwyoT, rom Ta-
visufali neba, romelic Semoqmedma gviboZa, keTili gziT
warvmarToT anu RmrTis nebas davuaxlovoT da davamTxvioT.
swored nebis amgvari srulyofa udevs safuZvlad sulier-
zneobriv ZalTa mwyobrsa da harmoniul ganviTarebas, romli-
Tac adamiani aRasrulebs Tavis ZiriTad daniSnulebas: iyos
srulyofili, viTarca mamaÁ Cueni zecaTaÁ srul ars (mT. V, 48).
ase rom, adamiani yoveli sakuTari qmedebisaTvis TviTonaa
pasuxismgebeli, radgan maT igi sakuTari nebiT sCadis:
`risTvis vdebT brals yvela SemTxvevaSi sabralo mters,9
roca mas Cven Zalauflebas Cvenze
Cvenive cxovrebiT vaZlevT?
yvela, an umetesi nawilis gamo mainc, Seni saqcielisa,
sakuTar Tavs usayvedure.
cecxls Cvenve vanTebT,
boroti suli ki mas mxolod abrialebs~.
(XXXIII, 205-208).
`didi cecxli patara naperwklidanac inTeba
da Tesli iqednesi xSirad yofila damRupveli.
gaxsovdes es da imasac ganeride,
rasac mcire ziani moaqvs; axla ziani didi araa,
magram droTa ganmavlobaSi didi gaxdeba~.
(iqve, 49-52).
ampartavnobis sapirispirod, romelic deda da mSobelia
9
igulisxmeba boroti suli, eSmaki.
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 155
yvela danarCen codvaTa, Tavmdablobisagan saTnoebani iSvebi-
an. igi erTdrouladaa Ziric da mwvervalic TviT imgvari saT-
noebebisac ki, rogoric siwminde da simarTlea, Tavmdabloba
yvelaze saimedo sawindaria maradiuli netari cxovrebis
mopovebisaTvis. ragind did Rvawlsac ar unda eweodes WeS-
mariti morwmune, amisTvis ara sakuTar Tavs, aramed RmerTs
hmadlobs da ganadidebs, vinc moRvaweobis Zala uboZa; amitom,
bunebrivia, arc dacemis SiSi da molodini aqvs, radgan Tavs
yvelaze dabla grZnobs:
`keTil vidreme siwminde da simarTle,
garna amaTda Zir da mwuerval simdable.
SeuZlebel ars dacemad quemdebare,
rameTu ara esreT mdgomoobs, vinaTgan
suli mdabali arodes daecemis~.10
rac Seexeba mrisxanebas, wminda mama mis moTokvas gvirCevs,
radgan igi `ara Tu usafrTxo mrCevelia, aramed piriqiT:
mrisxanebisas miRebuli gadawyvetileba arasodesaa keTil-
gonivruli~ (XXXII, st. 115-116).
`zomiereba daicavi simamaceSic;
sxvagvarad igi Tavxedoba iqneba da ara simamace~.
(XXXI, 43).
`Tavi arc metismetad unda davaimedoT
da saso arc sruliad unda warvikveToT.
pirveli gvauZlurebs, xolo meores
zneobriv simwiremde mivyavarT~.
(XXXIII, 41-42).
10
Targmani efrem mcirisa. motanilia wignidan: Tamar kukava, efrem mcires
Targmanebi. Tsu gamomcemloba. Tb., 1988, gv. 83.
156 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
qristians `arc umowyalo samarTlianoba hmarTebs
da arc imgvari keTilgoniereba,
romelic mrude gzebs irCevs.
yvelas yovelives Sina zomiereba sjobs~.
(XXXI, st. 41-42).
`CemTvis erTnairad cudia uvargisi cxovreba
da uvargisi sityva.
Tu erTi gaqvs, meorec geqneba~ (XXXI, 13-14).
grigol RmrTismetyveli mogviwodebs, cviliT davigmanoT
sasmenelni bilwi sityvebisaTvis, radgan `sityvas, mosmenasa
da saqmes Soris manZili mcirea~.
biwier midrekilebebsa da vnebebTan brZolaSi, romelTa
safuZvelic egoizmi da mgrZnobelobaa, wminda mama gansakuTrebul
mniSvnelobas aniWebs gonebis ganviTarebasa da ganaTlebas:
`mcodne mesaWe Tavs daaRwevs saSiS talRebs;
aseve gonebanaTeli adamianic
yovelgvar ubedurebas gadaurCeba~.
(XXXII, st. 53-54).
am rigis gnomebs erTgvarad ajamebs Semdegi Segonebani
wminda grigolisa:
`silamazes mSveniereba sulisa amjobine,
_ ara is, risi daxatvac xelebs SeuZlia
da rasac dro-Jami gaanadgurebs,
aramed is, rac umanko gonebiT ganiWvriteba~.
(XXXIII, 81-84).
`gjerodes, rom keTilgoniereba
bednierebaze saimedoa.
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 157
erTi movlenaTa swrafi dinebaa,
xolo meore _ saWe.
nurafers amjobineb ganswavlulobas;
mis SemZenelTa sakuTrebas mxolod is Seadgens~.
(iqve, 217-220).
SedarebiT naklebia ricxvi gnomebisa, romlebSic grigol
nazianzeli rCeva-darigebebs sxeulTan mimarTebis Tvalsaz-
risiT iZleva. am darigebaTa safuZvelia qristianuli anTro-
pologia, romlis mixedviTac adamianis sxeulic RmrTis qm-
nilebaa da igi aucilebeli organoa sulisaTvis. magram sruli
harmoniis misaRwevad imasTan, rasac wminda mama sulis wesi-
erebas, marTebulobas (eujkosmiva) uwodebs, igi ara mxolod
unda emorCilebodes mas. aramed kargadac unda iyos agebuli,
anu SeZlebisdagvarad, naklovanebaTa da sneulebaTagan Tavi-
sufali da janmrTeli. maSasadame, sxeuli unda iyos msaxuri
keTili da maRalzneobrivi saqmeebisa, xolo imisaTvis, rom
es msaxureba SeZlos, mzrunvelobisa da movla-patronobis
obieqtic.
`imeufe xorcze da, rac SeiZleba,
ukeTesad daimorCile~ (XXX, 7).
vinc gemoTmoyvarebiTa da nayrovanebiT codavs, maT wmin-
da mama Seaxsenebs:
`goneba msubuqia da damZimebul mucels ver iTmens,
amitomac dapirispirebulTa Soris mudmivi brZolaa~.
(XXXII, 35-36).
`wyali mSvenieri sasmelia;
igi ar arRvevs azrTa sicxades, xolo Rvino,
TasiT Sesmuli, gonebas bindavs~ (XXXII, 35-36).
158 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
`sneulisaTvis aranairi qoneba
araa upiratesi janmrTelobaze
da bunebac brZnulad iqceva,
roca mudam janmrTeloba surs~. (XXXII, 87-88).
angarebismoyvareoba da simdidris moxveWis survili ka-
cobriobis istoriaSi mudam iyo erTi ZiriTadi mizezTagani
adamianis zneobrivi dacemisa da gaxrwnisa. grigol RmrTism-
etyvelis gnomebis nawili adamianis sulis am mZime senisagan
gankurnebis mizniTaa dawerili. avtobiografiuli xasiaTis
leqsSi `Cems cxovrebaze~ igi STambeWdavad warmoadgens oqros
Zalas adamianis sazogadoebriv yofaSi: `erTi nadimze ambob-
da, rom yoveliveze meufebs Rvino, meore amtkicebda, rom
yvelaze qalebi meufeben, xolo brZenma SeniSna, rom meufebs
WeSmariteba. me ki mpyrobelur Zalad oqros vityodi, radganac
igi garjis gareSe amoqmedebs Cvens Soris yvelas~ (868-871).
oqros amqveyniur Zalmosilebas warmoaCens, agreTve, gno-
mebi:
`saCuqari brZenTac ki aiZulebs
ar danaxvas imisa, rac dasanaxia.
oqro igivea adamianebisaTvis,
rac maxe frinvelTaTvis~ (XXXII, 91-92).
`roca laparakobs oqro,
maSin yvela sxva sityva amaoa;
mas SeuZlia darwmuneba, miuxedavad imisa,
rom ena ara aqvs~ (iqve, 143-144).
`simdidre yvelaze didi damqaSia borotebisa,
radganac Zlieri borotebis Cadenas advilad axerxebs~. re cdilobs daicvas principi Tanabarmarcvlovanebisa, Tumca amas yovelT-
(XXXII, 95-96).
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 159
samagierod, gvaswavlis didi mama, misi Zala iseve amaoa
da warmavali, rogorc amqveyniuri yoveli sxva siame da bed-
niereba, sapirispirod saxelisa, romelic, rogorc uxrwneli
simdidre, adamians aqac ganamSvenebs da iqac gahyveba.
`CrCili yovelives anadgurebs.
nu izruneb simdidresa da sakuTar dasaflavebaze.
yvelaze didi pativi dasaflavebisas, keTili saxelia~.
(XXXI, 55-56).
`sjobia angariSi saqmeebiT awarmoo
da ara fuliT;
ukanaskneli warmavalia,
xolo pirveli _ maradiuli~ (XXXIII, 55-56).
`veranairi simaZRre ver iqneba umwikvlo,
radgan dawva imisa, rac nivTieria,
cecxlis Tvisebaa~ (iqve, str. 103-104).
grigol RmrTismetyvelis gnomuri, Semgoneblur-dammoZ-
Rvreli poeziis nimuSebi, e. w. iambikoebi,11 Zvel qarTul mw-
erlobaSive uTargmniaT, kerZod, isini erTad Seukrebia da
qarTul enaze gadmouRia cnobil mTargmnelsa da mecnier
filologs, efrem mcires, saxelwodebiT `swavlani~.12 aR-
saniSnavia, rom ramdenime iambiko: `sakuTari Tavis mimarT~,
11
iambiko ewodeboda himnografiuli poeziis nimuSs, romlis leqsTwyobac
emyareboda silaburobas, anu striqonebSi marcvalTa Tanabar raodenobas.
iambikoebi iyofoda calkeul strofebad, romelTagan yoveli Tormetmar-
cvlovani xuTi saleqso striqonisagan anu taepisagan Sedgeboda. efrem mci-
vis ver axerxebs.
12
S 3642 xelnaweris mixedviT gamoaqveyna T. kukavam Tavis naSromSi `efrem
mcires iambikoebi~. Tb., 1988.
160 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
`qristes mimarT~ da `locva qristesadmi~ mas gauerTianebia
da Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, erTi saerTo saxelwodeba _
`borotisa mimarT~ miucia.
leqsSi STambeWdavadaa gadmocemuli veragoba boroti su-
lisa, romelic mudmivad cdilobs daipyros adamianTa gulebi,
liqniTa da amqveyniur tkbobaTa dapirebebiT acdunos isini
da RmerTs ganaSoros:
`ese Senisa zakvisa, hoY boroto,
mimparav gulsa macTuriTa liqniTa,
marwmuneb tkbilTa gemoTa Setkbobasa!
ver marwmuni Sen, ese adam marwmuna.~
poulobs ra, RmrTis SemweobiT, TavisTavSi Zalas borot
sulTan SebrZolebisa, mkacrad mimarTavs, miwad miiqces,
xolo ukeTu fexze kbenas mainc SeZlebs, Zelze dakidebiT
emuqreba, raTa misgan Tavi daicvas, rogorc es mosem gaakeTa,
roca udabnoSi spilenZis gveli aRmarTa, romlis Sexedvac
israelianebs qvewarmavalTa dageslvisagan icavda.
rogorc es T. kukavam SeniSna,13 am iambikos kiTxvisas qa-
rTvel mkiTxvels aucileblad gaaxsendeba n. baraTaSvilis
`sulo boroto~. jer erTi, orive leqsi mimarTvis formi-
Taa dawerili, avtorebi uSualod borot suls mimarTaven.
orivesTan xazgasmuladaa warmodgenili sicrue da amaoeba
boroti sulis mier adamianTa sacduneblad gacemul dapir-
ebaTa, oRond im gansxvavebiT, rom romantikosma poetma si-
ymawvileSi maTi namdviloba irwmuna. es gaxda mizezi imisa,
rom, roca dapirebaTa sicrueSi darwmunda, erTgvarad gul-
gatexiloba daeufla, Tumca ara sabolood. miuxedavad sulis
simSvidis dakargvisa da imedgacruebisa, Wabuk poets eyo Zala
borot sulTan dapirispirebisa da misi gandevnisaTvis:
`ganvedi Cemgan. hoÁ macTuro, sulo boroto!~
13
iqve, gv. 21-25.
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 161
analogiurad mimarTavs `kacis mkvlel~ borot suls
grigol RmrTismetyvelic, oRond im upiratesobis SegnebiT,
rom sarwmunoebis fariT mis yovel Semotevas SedarebiT ad-
vilad moigeriebs gadasabireblad da sacduneblad:
`warved, warved! aw vagrZen me brZola Seni,
daRaTu gaqundes suli msgavsi Cemi,
Tund goneba, yovladve ver marwmuno~.
aRsaniSnavia, rom efrem mcires ara mxolod uTargmnia
grigol RmrTismetyvelis iambikoebi, aramed TviTonac Seu-
Txzavs iambiko misTvis xotbis Sesasxmelad.14 efremi uwodebs
mas `TavTa mociqulTa mosaydres~, `macxovris mier dadginebul
mwyemss~, `sityvaTa dedaqalaqs~, `mRdel-angeloss~; adarebs
iovane maxarebels, vinc saidumlo serobisas macxovars
mkerdze mieyrdno; adidebs viTarca WeSmaritebis mqadageb-
els, RmrTismetyvelsa da damcvels qristes moZRvrebis si-
wmindisa, viTarca Seurigebel mebrZols macxovris mterTa
winaaRmdeg, romelnic sityvis ZaliT ise gandevna eklesiidan,
rogorc iesom SoltiT _ uRirsni taZridan:
`eSmakT ganPdad da otebad mterTa ganhPved.
scem SoltiTa ganmxsmeliTa taZriT gamo~.
uwodebs ra `kariT Sesul~ anu WeSmarit mwyemss (me var kari
cxovarTaY. Cem mier Tu vinme Sevides, cxondes. _ ambobs macx-
ovari. in. X, 5,9). efremi erTgvari siamayiT aRniSnavs, rom wm.
grigolma amxila da daamarcxa `ara kariT SesulTa mwyobri~,
anu cxvris tyavSi gaxveuli eklesiis cru msaxurTa simravle.
b) istoriuli poemebi
grigol RmrTismtyvelis poetur memkvirdeobaSi isto-
riul poemebs uwodeben nawarmoebebs, romlebSic istoriuli
14
s. yubaneiSvili. Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoriis qrestomaTia I, Tb.,
1954, gv. 363-64.
162 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
movlenebi da faqtebi vrceli leqsebis saxiTaa gadmocemuli.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, poemebi maT pirobiTad, sivrce-
lis gamo ewodaT, Torem iqidan gamomdinare, rom faqtebisa
da movlenebis aRwerisas avtoris pirovnuli gancdebi sWar-
bobs, ufro lirikuli poeziisaTvis damaxasiaTebel niSnebs
amJRavneben da xan elegiebis asociacias aRZraven da xan _
satirebisas.
am rigis Txzulebebidan uwinaresad unda davasaxeloT av-
tobiografiuli xasiaTis poeturi qmnilebani: `Cemi cxovrebis
Sesaxeb~, `sakuTar Tavsa da episkoposebze~, `Cem Sesaxeb~, am-
aTgan moculobiTac yvelaze vrceli da Sinaarsobrivadac
yvelaze saintereso da mravalferovania `Cemi cxovrebis Ses-
axeb~. masSi grigol RmrTismetyveli sakuTar Tavgadasavals
mis Tanamedrove sazogadoebriv yofasTan mWidro kavSirSi
mogviTxrobs da amdenad Tavis Tavze hagiografiul Txzule-
bas TviTonve qmnis. amasTan, radganac igi sakuTari cxovrebis
ara mxolod garegnul faqtebs, aramed dafarul gulismier
zraxvebsa da sulier gancdebsac saocari siwrfeliT, Seula-
mazeblad gadmoscems, Txzuleba erTgvarad aRsarebasac war-
moadgens.
samecniero literaturaSi aRniSnulia is faqti, rom
qristianul mwerlobaSi am saxis Txzulebebs saTave swored
grigol RmrTismetyvelma daudo da, rom netar avgustines
Tavisi saxelganTqmuli `aRsarebanis~ Seqmna swored misma
zemoxsenebulma avtobiografiuli xasiaTis poemis gacnobam
STaagona. es nawarmoebi gaxda, agreTve, safuZveli ara mx-
olod wminda mamaze Seqmnili hagiografiuli Txzulebisa,
romelic mis Tanamosaxele xucess ekuTvnis, aramed yvela
gamokvlevisac, romelic misi cxovrebis Sesaxeb daiwera.
nawarmoebis `Cemi cxovrebis Sesaxeb~ Seqmnis mizezsa da
mizans, Tavad avtori, rogorc es Tavidanve aRvniSneT, Ses-
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 163
avalSive gansazRvravs. am gansaRvrebaSic Cans da Sinaarsic
gvidasturebs, rom es vrceli poeturi qmnileba apologias
warmoadgens, romelSic avtori sarwmunoebriv moZRvrebasTan
erTad, Tanamedrove Tu momavali cilismwameblebisagan saku-
Tari Tavis dacvasac cdilobs.
Txzuleba SeiZleba or nawilad daiyos; 1. sakuTari
cxovrebis aRwera konstantinepolSi gamgzavrebamde da 2. kon-
stantinepolSi Casvlis Semdeg. pirveli nawili, romelSic po-
eti mSoblebis, maT gverdiT gatarebuli bednieri yrmobisa da
aTenis warmarTul akademiaSi ganswavlis wlebze mogviTxrobs,
bevrad ufro xalisiani ganwyobilebiT da, Sesabamisad, na-
Teli poeturi saxeebiTa gadmocemuli, vidre meore nawili,
romelSic ZiriTadad is tanjvaa asaxuli, rasac poetis faqiz
suls, rogorc saero, ise sasuliero wris (da es misTvis gan-
sakuTrebiT mtkivneuli iyo) warmomadgenelTa mxridan us-
amarTlo braldebani da ciliswamebani ganacdevinebda.
riT iwvevda ganmartoebuli cxovrebis moyvaruli beri,
romlis yvelaze sayvarel saqmianobas RmrTis mWvretelo-
biTi gziT wvdoma da sarwmunoebriv dogmatTa gansazRvreba-
ganmarteba warmoadgenda, ase dauZinebel mtrobas mis mimarT?
Tavisi arcTu ise xangrZlivi cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi sasuli-
ero asparezze aqtiur moRvaweobas igi xom daaxloebiT erTi
weli eweoda? im didi talantiT, romelic RmerTma mas misi
moZRvrebis wvdomisaTvis uboZa da im wrfeli siyvaruliTa
da erTgulebiT, romelic RmerTTan damokidebulebaSi ga-
moarCevda. gavixsenoT, rogor iTxovs igi, ar waikiTxon misi
avtobiografiuli Txzulebebi maT, romelTac Semoqmedis
mimarT msgavsi siyvaruli da erTguleba ar ugrZvniaT.
avtobiografiul (istoriul) poemaTa Sinaarsi nawilobriv
ukve gadmoveciT grigol RmrTismetyvelis cxovrebisa da
moRvaweobis aRwerisas. amjerad yuradRebas ramdenime sain-
164 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
tereso faqtsa Tu movlenasa da poemebis mxatvrul mxareze
gavamaxvilebT.
iqidan gamomdinare, rom ukiduresad gulwrfelia rogorc
sakuTari gancdebis gadmocemisas, aseve sakuTar saqcielTa
Sefasebisasac, grigol RmrTismetyveli Tavis Tavs uflebas
aZlevs mkacrad amxilos sasuliero wodeba, romelsac Tvi-
Tonac ekuTvnis; `es Cven varT, vinc keTilad rodi vsxedvarT
maRal taxtebze, Cven _ winamZRolni xalxisa, maswavlebel-
ni mSvenierebisa; Cven, romelTa xvedria vasazrdooT sulni
RmrTeebrivi sazrdeliT, Tumca SimSils Tavad ganvicdiT;
Cven _ mkurnalni uZlurTa, magram imavdroulad mkvdarn-
ic, romelnic axal-axali seniT vsneuldebiT; Cven, megzurni
cicabo bilikebisa, Tumca jer araTu aravin agviyvania, Cven
Tavadac ar gvivlia maTze~ (`Cemi cxovrebis Sesaxeb~).
rogorc es zemoTac iyo aRniSnuli, grigol RmrTismetyv-
els sasimas episkoposis movaleoba arc erTi dRiT ar Seus-
rulebia. sasima, rogorc TviTonve ambobs, misTvis iyo adgili,
sadac unda `Seekriba eklebi da ara vardebi eklebidan~. amitom
amao gamodga mamis, ufrosi grigolis mcdeloba, daeyoliebina
Svili sasimaSi damkvidrebaze. maSin man axali vedrebiT mimarTa
Svils _ masTan erTad ezida tvirTi nazianzis mwyemsmTavrisa:
`Sen, usayvarleso Svilo, gevedreba mama, axalgazrdas _ moxu-
ci, msaxurs is, vinc ormagad _ bunebiTac da kanoniTac _ Seni
meufea, arca oqrosa da arca vercxls, arc Zvirfas qvebsa da
arc damuSavebul miwis nakveTebs ar viTxov Sengan, naSobo Cemo.
Sen, Svilo, mas ekuTvni, vinc Seni Tavi gvaCuqa. ar Seuracxmyo,
raTa Cveni saerTo mama Sen mimarTac mowyale iyos. mSvenieria
Cemi Txovna, yovel SemTxvevaSi igi mamisaa. Sen imden xans ar
gicxovria qveyanaze, ramden xansac me msxverpli mimaqvs RmrTi-
saTvis. gamiwie es samsaxuri: is mcirericxovani dReebi maCuqe,
rac sicocxlisaTvis damrCenia, xolo Semdgomi cxovreba ise
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 165
moawyve, rogorc es Tavad Sen gwadia~. rac mohyva Sedegad ma-
mis am gulisSemZvrel mxurvale vedrebas, Cven ukve viciT: misi
gardacvalebis Semdeg, grigolma mxolod cota xniT ido Tavs
zrunva nazianzis samwysoze.
konstantinepolSi Casul grigol RmrTismetyvels sarw-
munoebis TvalsazrisiT sruli qaosi daxvda. ariozis eresis
mZlavrobis pirobebSi daubrkoleblad xarobda da hyvaoda
mravali mcdari religiuri swavleba, Seudareblad gaizarda
gzebis ricxvi, romelTac, gansxvavebiT WeSmaritebisaken mi-
mavali erTaderTi gzisa, adamianebi dasaRupad da warsawyme-
dad ufskrulisaken mihyavda. Tu Zvelad RmerTma isini enebis
mixedviT dayo, eSmaki, samwuxarod, azrebiT yofs, rac xdeba
mizezi arajansaR swavlebaTa warmoSobisa. maT Soris ixseniebs
grigoli rogorc kerpTayvanismcemlobas, varskvlavTmricx-
velobas, iudaizmsa da gnosticizms, aseve TviT qristianobis
SigniT gaCenil eretikul mimdinareobebsac, romelTac um-
Tavresad samebis pirebis _ Zisa da suliwmindis winaaRmdeg
brZola axasiaTebdaT.
miuxedavad imisa, rom erTaderTi WeSmariti swavlebis da-
sacavad, amgvar pirobebSi uxdeboda qadageba, rogorc Tvi-
Ton ambobs, warmatebas mainc miaRwia, radgan TiTqmis yvela
aiZula, misTvis moesminaT: `da vin iyo maTgan iseTi, yuri
rom ar moepyro Cemi sityvebisaTvis? erTs atyvevebda swav-
lebis Zala, sxvebs simSvides hgvrida gamoTqmis formebi ga-
reSe mtrobisa, radganac sityvas ara imdenad sayveduriT,
ramdenadac guliTadi siyvaruliT warmovTqvamdi. msmenelebs
badiT vinadirebdi da ara vgmiravdi, da ar avmaRlebulvar,
sxvaTa msgavsad, swrafwarmavali da cvalebadi droebiT... Cems
sityvebSi me vicavdi simSvides, viTarca damcveli sityvisa
mSvidisa, Tanamlmobelisa, vinc dartymas aravis ayenebs~.15
15
igulisxmeba sityva RmerTi, ieso qriste.
166 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
qristianul mWevrmetyvelebas Cveulebrivi ritorikisagan
igi erTi ZiriTadi TvisebiT asxvavebs: Tu sityvebi gareSe swav-
lebaTa Sesaxeb saCveneblad, an axalgazrdebis Sekrebebze maT-
Tvis sanimuSod warmoiTqmeba, qristian orators erTi mizani
aqvs _ simarTlis Tqma. amitomac sWirdeba mas gansakuTrebuli
sifrTxile sityvis warmoTqmisas, raTa Wkvianurad ilapara-
kos da gonivrulad isminos. grigol RmrTismetyveli gvirCevs
orive SemTxvevaSi erTi marTali sazomiT visargebloT, esaa
SiSi. smena ufro naklebad gvagdebs safrTxeSi, vidre ena, magram
kidev ufro naklebi iqneba safrTxe, Tu smeniTac naklebs miiReb;
`ratom unda Seexo sibilwes da mokla goneba Seni? ratom unda
miuaxlovde cofiani ZaRlis sunTqvas?~ _ kiTxulobs igi.
rogorc TviTonve gveubneba, sityvasa da mis warmoTqmasTan
damokidebuleba man wminda werilidan iswavla. amitomac ax-
denda zemoqmedebas msmenelebze da misive sityvebiT rom TqvaT,
erT-erTi mdidari miwaTmoqmedic Seiqna: `Cemi yana jer kidev
ar iyo mzad mosamkelad; nawili ukve wminda xorblad iqca,
nawili puradac gamocxva, romelic saboloo Sedegia miwaTmo-
qmedebisa. magram am puriT axla isini ikvebebodnen, romelTac
wveTi oflic ki ar hqondaT daRvrili misi moyvanisaTvis~.
konstantinepolis meore msoflio krebis Sesaxeb saubri-
sas, grigoli ixsenebs antioqiis mTavarepiskopos meletis da
dauviwyar portrets gvixatavs sulieri moRvawisas, romelSic
garegnoba da sulieri samyaro erTmaneTs srulad Seesabameba
da erTmaneTze metyvelebs. zneobiT martivi, RmerTSemosili
mamis `naTeli mzera~ pativiscemas aRZravda, Tavxedobas To-
kavda da mis pirovnebaSi `suliwmidis mier damuSavebul yanas~
warmoaCenda. antioqiis patriarqi marTlac iseTi iyo, ro-
goric saxeli hqonda (Mevlito~ qarTulad Taflisas niSnavs),
radgan TvisebebiTac Tafls esgavseboda .
brZnuladacaa gaazrebuli da imavdroulad moxdeni-
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 167
lad naTqvamic mizezi, romelmac grigol RmrTismetyvels
ara mxolod krebis, aramed konstantinepolis saepiskoposo
kaTedris datovebac gadaawyvetina. man SekrebilT mimarTa:
`neba momeciT xeli aviRo taxtze da ganmartoebiT vicxovro,
radgan es bevrad ukeTesia imaze, _ icxovro axloblebTan,
magram ar gqondes Zala maTi mimxrobisa da arc Sen SegeZlos
daeTanxmo maT sakuTari gonebis sawinaaRmdegod~.
saeklesio krebis monawileTaTvis sruliad Suferebeli
mRelvarebiTa da SfoTviT SeZrwunebuli grigoli daufaravad
ambobs, rom `amgvar adamianebTan ar moisurvebda TaTbirs aravin,
visac RmrTis SiSi da episkoposis taxtis pativiscema hqonda~.
gansakuTrebiT mZime STabeWdilebas tovebdnen axalgazrdebi,
romelTa Sesaxebac wers: `isini hgvandnen krazanebs, romelnic
xan aqeT awydebian da xan _ iqiT, da bolos saxeSi ecemian vinmes~.
g) marxvis dros dumilze
leqsi, rogorc es saTaurSive Cans, Segvagonebs, rom WeS-
maritad icavs marxvas is, vinc ara mxolod cxoveluri saz-
rdelis miRebas ukrZalavs Tavs, aramed eniTac marxulobs,
anu marxvisas gansakuTrebiT erideba moyvasis lanZRva-gineba-
sa da uSveri sityvebis warmoTqmas. _ ena erTi umciresTagania
adamianis agebulebis Semadgenel nawilTagan, magram ZaliT
yvela danarCens aRemateba.
ena yvelaze didi mteria adamianebisa. grigol RmrTism-
etyveli mas uwodebs cxens, `romelic yovelTvis win garbis~.
isaa yvelaze mza iaraRi. yvela boroti Canafiqris ganxor-
cieleba _ iqneba es mkvleloba, mruSoba qurdoba Tu oqros-
moyvareoba, adamianisagan jafasa da dabrkolebaTa gadalaxvas
moiTxovs. jafisa da winaaRmdegobaTa gadalaxvis gareSe cod-
vis Cadena mxolod enas SeuZlia. eniT Cadenili codva poetis
mier mxatvrulad asea warmodgenili: `msroleli ukve axlosaa,
168 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
uwyalo isari ukve mSvildSia, xolo mSvildi mozidulia gas-
asrolad. gauSvebs Tu ara azri isars, igi gafrindeba da yove-
lives amxobs: miwiersa da zeciers, cocxlebsa da jer kidev
daubadeblebs, frTxilebsa da gaufrTxileblebs, mtrebsa da
megobrebs, Soreulebsa da axloblebs; misi samiznea yvela~.
metaforaSi msroleli adamiania, romelic eniT codavs; isari
sityvaa, xolo mSvildi _ ena.
SeuZlebelia im wyenaTa CamoTvla, romelTac ena gvayenebs;
Tu moindomebs, mas advilad SeuZlia saxli _ saxls, qalaqi _
qalaqs, xalxi _ xelisuflebas, xelisufleba qveSevrdomebs
gadaamteros. igi mtrobas ise wamierad aagizgizebs, viTarca
naperwkali Calas.
rogorc wm. grigoli ambobs, eniT umReris igi zecaTa
meufes, did RmerTs, samebis Seuqmneli naTlis brwyinvas, sa-
myaros simwyobres, qristes tanjvaTa uxrwnel didebas, rom-
liTac adamiani ganaRmrTo, SeuerTa ra kacobrivi buneba (xati)
zeciurisas. magram enas sapirispiroc SeuZlia. amitom igi enas-
Tan mimarTebaSi gansakuTrebul sifrTxiles mRvdelTmsaxurT
urCevs, radgan wminda msxverplis Semwirvelebma enac wmindad
unda Seinaxon. magram ganwmendili enisaTvis ganwmendili gon-
ebaa saWiro. amitomac natrobs Zalas, Seryvnili da meryevi
gonebis, romelic amao swrafvaTa Soris aqeT-iqeT iryeva,
mizanTan, ukeTesad rom vTqvaT, qristesTan, Tundac jaWvis
yulfiT misayvanad, raTa igi misi naTlis sxivebma ganabrwyinos.
Tumca poetma sakuTari goneba, borotebisagan, rac Sei-
Zleba, metad dasayeneblad, SigniT gamoketa, magram man mainc
SeZlo xetiali daewyo RmrTisagan Sors. grigol RmrTism-
etyveli mSvenier poetur saxes qmnis, roca sakuTari gonebis
amgvar mdgomareobas qvebiT mtkiced SemozRudul cecxls
an niaRvars adarebs. marTalia, isini zRudis SigniT mZvinva-
reben, magram samagierod mis gareT verc buCqnarsa da verc
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 169
yanas zians ver ayeneben da ver anadgureben. xolo Tuki sityva
mravalmJRer enas moswyda, igi maSinve TavSeukaveblad bobo-
qrobs da ukan daxeva ar icis.
ukeTu moRunul rtos sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT nel-
nela gadavRunavT, xels rom gavuSvebT, igi ukve swori iqneba.
msgavsad amisa, SeamCnia ra, rom gaqceulma sityvam aRarc wona
icis da aRarc zoma, wm. grigolma sityva sruliad moToka,
raTa enas eswavla, ra unda eTqva da ra _ ara, rac mkurnalo-
bis saukeTeso xerxi gamodga, radgan ena, romelic mdumare-
bas SeiTvisebs, keTilad metyvelebasac iTvisebs. isic didi
SenaZenia, Tu SegiZlia daiWiro sityva, romelic mzadaa Tavs
daatydes mas, vinc Sens guls garedan dartymebiT tkivils
ayenebs. moaTviniereb ra sityvas, risxviT gamowveul mRelva-
rebasac Caawynareb da misgan gamowveuli tanjvisganac mois-
veneb. magram yovelive amis misaRwevad didi meufis _ qristes
winamZRolobaa saWiro. Tuki mesaWed qriste ar geyoleba, ara
Tu dumilis, ufro didi Rvawlis daTmenac usargeblo iqneba.
wm. grigolis rwmeniT, misma mouTvinierebelma, magram keTi-
lad metyvelma enam aqcia igi SurianTa Tavdasxmis obieqtad.
amitomac mouwodebs enas dumilisaken, Tumca, ra Tqma unda,
ara didi xniT. miuxedavad gamZafrebuli (logosis, qristes)
mtrobisa, wm. grigoli ar apirebs samudamod Seikras ena da
amiT sityvis moZuleT didi sixaruli mianiWos. igi RmerTs
evedreba ixsnas sastik enaTagan da Tavis naTelSi Seiyvanos,
sadac bageebiT RmrTis sadidebeli mwyobri simReris war-
moTqma SeeZleba. `miiRe es uxmo uwyeba Cemi xelisagan, raTa
iqne mauwyebeli Zegli Cemi dumilisa~, _ mimarTavs igi wrfeli
vedrebiT yovelTa Semoqmeds.
Txzulebis `marxvis dros dumilze~ logikur gagrZelebas
warmoadgens leqsi `dumilis Semdeg saaRdgomo simRera qristes
mimarT~. sainteresoa, rom eniT marxvas aRdgomisas igi qristes
170 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
saxelis warmoTqmiT ixsnilebda: `meufev Cemo, qriste, ramde-
nadac didi xniT Sekavebul sityvas isev haers vaZlev, bageni
Cemni pirvelad Sen warmogTqvamen. winaSe Sensa Cemi gonebidan
gadmovRvri am sityvas _ ubiwo ZRvens uwmindesi msxverplisa~.
_ ase mimarTavs is sityva RmerTs. saerTod, mTeli Txzuleba
ieso qristes da misi aRdgomis sadidebels warmoadgens.
grigol RmrTismetyvelma gansakuTrebuli roli Seasrula
bizantiuri qristianuli mwerlobis mier srulyofilad aT-
visebaSi im miRwevebisa, romelic antikur mwerlobas gamo-
arCevda mxatvruli sityvis ZaliTa da silamaziT.
d) saRmrTismetyvelo sityvebi
grigol nazianzelis Semoqmedebis mkvlevarTa aRiarebiT,
rogorc RmrTismetyveli, grigoli gamoirCeoda RmrTeebriv
saidumloTa Rrma wvdomiT, msjelobis uCveulo ZaliT, zecis
yvelaze miuwvdomel idumalebaTa naTlad da gansazRvrulad
gadmocemisa da yvelaze rTul sakiTxTa advilad gadaWris
gasaocari unariT. sabednierod, misi gonebis mWvretelo-
biT Zalas, ramdenadac es Seqmnili kacobrivi gonebisTvisaa
SesaZlebeli, Seecno yovelTa Semoqmedi RmerTi, sruliad
Seesatyviseboda Zalac Semecnebulis gadmocemisa. Zlieri,
waruSleli zemoqmedeba, romelsac grigol nazianzelis si-
tyvebis mkiTxveli ganicdis, ganpirobebulia maRali stil-
isaTvis damaxasiaTebeli simwyobris, mravalferovani warmo-
saxvebis, uxvad warmodgenili mxatvruli xerxebis, cocxali
saxeebisa da ferweruli analogiebis SeerTebiT sakvirvel
siwrfelesa da guliTadobasTan.
CvenTvis wm. grigolis 45 sityvaa cnobili. maTi umetesi
nawili msmenelTa winaSea warmoTqmuli, Cawerili swrafad
mweralTa mier da Semdeg Tavad avtorisagan gasworebuli.
fiqroben, rom imperator iuliane gandgomilis winaaRmdeg
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 171
warmoTqmuli ori sityva mxolod daiwera da arasodes war-
moTqmula; xolo rac Seexeba sityvas, romelSic igi Tavs imar-
Tlebs mamisagan mRvdlad kurTxevis Semdeg pontoSi gaqcevis
gamo, warmoTqmisas SedarebiT mokle yofila da ganvrcobili
saxe gadamuSavebis Sedegad miuRia.
sityvaTa didi nawili dogmaturi xasiaTisaa da ZiriTa-
dad erTarseba sampirovan RmerTze qristianuli moZRvrebis
ganmartebas eZRvneba.
sanimuSod ganvixilavT mis mier ieso qristeze ukiduresi
ariozelebis, e. w. evnomioselTa, swavlebis gasabaTileblad
konstantinepolSi warmoTqmul xuT sityvaTagan pirvels,
romelic faqtobrivad Sesavals warmoadgens danarCen oTx
sityvaSi gadmocemuli RmrTismetyvelebisaTvis. Tavis mxriv,
mas sakuTari Sesavali aqvs, romelSic grigoli, maT, vinc
sityvebiT eSmakobaSi daxelovnebulni arian da ampartavno-
ben, afrTxilebs, rom RmrTisgan gankiTxvis Jami aucileblad
daudgebaT. miuxedavad imisa, rom Cveulebriv isini Sors dgan-
an WeSmaritebisa da ieso qristes swavlebisagan, qedmaRlurad
moZRvraven sxvebs, sneulni arian Ziebisa da kamaTisaTvis, ris
gamoc swored maTgan `iqmnebian Surni, Ãdomani, gmobani, iWuni
borotni~ (I tim. 6,4).
kargi iqneboda, rogorc grigol RmrTismetyveli wers,
isini iseve marjveni yofiliyvnen sibrZnis saqmian siyvarulSi,
rogorc ena aqvT marjve da sityvebiT, rogorc koWebiT, ise
TamaSoben. RmrTismosaobis nacvlad mxolod imaze zrunaven,
rogor wamoWran, an gadawyviton romelime sakiTxi. yvela epo-
qisaTvis saerToa da nacnobi grigol RmrTismetyvelis mier
daxatuli saxe fuWi da amao kamaTis moyvarulisa, romlis
mTeli niWierebac mxolod usargeblo kamaTis wamoWrasa da
mis warmarTvaSi mJRavndeba. `yvela moedanze maTi sityvebi
unda ismodes, yvela nadimze mowyeniloba unda Camoagdon
172 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
fuWi metyvelebiTa da ugemovnebiT, yvela dResaswauls unda
daukargon sazeimo ganwyobileba~, _ wers maT Sesaxeb igi.
grigolma kargad icis, rom amgvarTaTvis misi es sityvac
SeiZleba qilikisa da Sepasuxebis sababi gaxdes, radgan, ro-
gorc es uvicebsa da utifrebs sCveviaT, Tavxedurad amtkice-
ben, rom yvelaferi ician da yovelives Seswavla SeuZliaT.
maTgan gasxvavebiT, grigol RmrTismetyvelis azriT, jer
erTi, brZnad metyveleba RmrTis Sesaxeb yvelas ar SeuZlia,
xolo visac SeuZlia, man unda icodes, rom amisTvis Sesaf-
erisi dro, msmeneli da Tema unda SearCios, anu misive si-
tyvebiT rom vTqvaT, `sibrZnismetyveleba ara yovelTvis, ara
yvelas winaSe da ara yvela sakiTxze dasaSvebia~. 1) RmerTze
brZnuli saubari SeuZlia mxolod mas, vinc suli da sxeuli
ganiwminda, an ukidures SemTxvevaSi, iRvwis, rom ganiwmin-
dos, vinc cxovreba WvretaSi gaatara, an atarebs. amisTvis
ki amqveyniur sazrunavTagan moclaa saWiro, rogorc amas
Tavad RmerTi Segvagonebs daviT winaswarmetyvelis piriT:
moicaleT da gulisÃmayavT, rameTu me var RmerTi (fs. 45,11).
2) vis winaSe SeiZleba saubari RmerTze? maT winaSe, romeln-
ic gulmodgined cdiloben garkvevas rwmenis sakiTxebSi da
ara imaTTan, romelnic amgvar sakiTxebze cxenTa Sejibris,
sanaxaobaTa xilvisa da simReraTa mosmenis Semdeg msjelo-
ben. maTTvis es saubari garTobis nawilia, raTa kidev erTx-
el ikamaTon da Tavic gamoiCinon daxvewili gamoTqmebiT. 3)
raze unda visibrZnismetyveloT da ra zomiT? imaze, rac Cveni
gonebisaTvis misawvdomia da im zomiT, ramdensac msmenelis
gonebrivi unari Seswvdeba. sxva SemTxvevaSi msmenels misTvis
rTuli da gaugebari swavleba SeiZleba im tvirTad eqces,
romlis simZimec mas qveS moiyolebs.
ra Tqma unda, Sesaferis dros grigol RmrTismetyveli
RmerTze sibrZnismetyvelebisaTvis moiTxovs da ara misi mox-
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 173
seniebisa da didebisaTvis; rac Seexeba xsovnas RmrTisa, misi
azriT, igi `kidev ufro aucilebelia, vidre sunTqva~. RmerTi
ara mxolod yovelTvis unda gvaxsovdes, aramed guliT, gon-
ebiTa da keTili saqmeebiT maradis unda vadidebdeT. amasve
gvaswavlis mefsalmune daviT mefec: vakurTxo ufali yovelsa
Jamsa, maradis qebaÁ misi pirsa Cemsa (fs. 32,1).
`ase rom, _ ganmartavs wm. grigoli, _ vkrZalav ara mudmi-
vad moxseniebas RmrTisa, aramed laparaks masze, magram arc
laparaks, TiTqos igi codva iyos, aramed RmrTismetyvelebas
Seuferebel dros, ara swavlebas moZRvrebisa, aramed uzu-
moebas swavlebisa ~.16 Tumca Tafli Taflia, magram zedmetad
misi miReba sapirispiro Sedegs _ gulisrevas iwvevs.
brZeni solomonis msgavsad, romelic gvaswavlis, rom yove-
lives Tavisi dro aqvs (ekl. 3,1), grigol RmrTismetyvelic
Tvlis, rom TviT mSvenieric ki ver iqneba mSvenieri, Tuki igi
uSverad warmoiSoba, iseve rogorc yvavili sruliad Seufere-
belia zamTrisaTvis, mamakacis samosi dedakacisaTvis da deda-
kacisa _ mamakacisaTvis, geometria glovis Jams da cremlebi
nadimisas.zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, igi TavisTavs miznad
usaxavs im sazRvrebSi isibrZnismetyvelos, romelic WeSmarit
qristians Seefereba (Ei[sw tw`n hJmetevrwn o{rwn filosofw`men) da ar
igalobos galobaY uflisa `queyanasa ucxosa~ (fs. 136,4), anu
ganurCevlad yvelas _ ucxosa Tu Tavisianis, mtrisa Tu mego-
bris, keTilad ganwyobilisa Tu borotmzraxvelis gasagonad.
ramdenadac qristianobis mtrebi dasayrdens TavianT cru
swavlebaSi ver puloben, mas WeSmariti moZRvrebis gadmoce-
mis sust mxareebSi eZieben; amitomac esxmian Tavs gaafTrebiT
misi gadmocemisas Tundac uneblieT daSvebul Secdomasa Tu
uzustobas.
  pirveli sityva RmrTismetyvelebaze. Gregorius Nazianzenus. Adversus Euno-
16
mianos (orat. 27). I. Barbel. Gregor Von Nazianz. Die fünf theologische Reden. Dus-
seldorf: Patmos _ Verlag. 1963, I, 2 gv. 6.
174 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
Tavis mxriv, wmida mama sityvis warmoTqmas imaT gasagonad,
romelTac sasmenelni bilwsityvaobiTa da mkrexelobebiT aqvT
wabilwuli, ar apirebs; arc imas dauSvebs, rom qristianebTan
SedarebiT ufro didi patviscema saaugo zRaparTa msaxurebs
_ eSmakTa Tayvanismcemlebs ergoT, romelnic sxvebisTvis _
gaundobelTaTvis TavianTi swavlebis gamJRavnebas sakuTari
sisxlis daRvras amjobineben. sityvis Tqmaca da dumilic is-
eve moiTxovs Sesabamisobas, rogorc samosi, sakvebi, sicili
Tu siarulis manera. sityvaSi gajibrebac, roca igi RmrTis
Sobas, Sesaqmes, (gan)kveTas, gayofasa Tu aRlevas exeba, rju-
lis kanonebs unda emorCilebodes.
zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, wm. grigoli logikurad svams
kiTxvas: ratom unda moisminos yovelive amis Sesaxeb man, vinc
maT yurs mtruli ganwyobilebiT ugdebs? ratom unda aqcion
qristianebma bralmdebelni msajulebad da mtrebs xelSi max-
vili ratom unda miscen?
am kiTxvebs aseve logikurad mosdevs momdevno kiTxva wm.
mamisa: roca WeSmarit RmerTsa da mis moZRvrebaze vsaubrobT,
davfiqrebulvarT ki, rogor Seiwynarebs Cvens sityvebs is,
vinc mxars mruSobasa da yrmaTa gaxrwnas uWers, vinc vnebebs
eTayvaneba da ar SeuZlia moazreba arafrisa, rac sxeulze
maRlaa? vinc guSin da guSinwin aRmarTavda kerpebs RmerTebi-
sa, romelnic yvelaze urcxvi saqcielebiT arian cnobilni? da
Tanac, rogorc amas miCveuli iyo, nivTierad, samarcxvinod da
umecrulad; is xom Cvens RmrTismetyvelebas sakuTari Rmer-
Tebisa da vnebebis damcvelad gadaaqcevs?(1,6).
kidev ufro mZime dartymas ayeneben eklesias isini,
romelnic Tumca Tavs qristianebs uwodeben, magram qris-
tianul RmrTismetyvelebas sakuTari miznebisaTvis borotad
iyeneben, riTac warmarTebs eklesiasTan brZolas uadvileben.
roca e. w. qristianebi TviTon xdebian mompovnebel borotisa
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 175
(rom. I, 30), sarwmunoebis mtrebi ratomRa ityvian uars imaze,
rom amiT isargeblon?
ai, samwuxaro Sedegi TanamosaxeleTa _ qristianTa Soris
atexili SuRlisa, romlis mizezic RmrTis Sesaxeb moZRvrebis
gadaWarbebuli gamomeZieblobisa da RmrTismetyvelebaSi
gaumarTlebeli siaxlis Setanis survilia. am surviliT Sepy-
robilni isini SeSlilebs emsgavsebian da daundoblad ebrZvi-
an yvelas, vinc mis asrulebaSi xels uSlis da ewinaaRmdegeba.
brZolas ariozis eresis mimdevrebTan logosis _ sityva
RmerTis dasacavad igi jer qristianuli moZRvrebisaTvis
ucxo da mravalricxovani legionis (to; ajllovtrion kai; to;n polu;n
legew`na) CamocilebiT _ misi Rorebis koltSi SegzavniT da
ufskrulSi CaCexviT iwyebs.17 es aucileblad miaCnia imisaT-
vis, raTa WeSmariti RmrTismetyveli, viTarca qandakeba, Tavisi
mSvenierebiT gamokveTos (xevswmen eij~ kavllo~, w{sper ajndriavnta,
1,6). magram vidre am saqmes Seudgebodes, grigol RmrTism-
etyveli cdilobs TviTonac gaerkves da msmenelic gaarkvi-
os, ras niSnavs ieso qristes Sesaxeb swavlebis gadmocemisas
TavdauWereli sityvamravloba, xom ar aris igi seni enisa?
da Tu senia, ras niSnavs es axali sneuleba, es gaumaZRroba
(ajplhstiva)? _ svams kiTxvas igi da es maSin, roca ar iqeba arc
stumarTmoyvareoba da arc ZmaTmoyvareba, arc colqmruli
siyvaruli da arc qalwuleba; aravis ukvirs arc glaxakTa
dapureba, arc fsalmunTa galoba, arc RamisTeviT locva,
arc cremlebi? arc sxeuls Trgunaven marxvebiT, da arc
RmrTisken waremarTebian locviT?
arc ukeTess umorCileben uaress, anu mtvers (igulisxmeba
xorci) suls, viTarca sworad ganmsjelni sakuTari agebulebi-
17
wm. mama saxismetyvelebisaTvis moxdenilad iyenebs saxarebis epizods eS-
makeulis Sesaxeb (mrk. V, 2-13; lk. VIII, 26-33). ra Tqma unda, aq ucxosa da mra-
valricxovan legionSi qristianuli RmrTismetyvelebisaTvis ucxo da
Seuferebeli cru swavlebani igulisxmeba.
176 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
sa, arc cxovrebas aqceven sikvdilze zrunvad, arc xsovniT
maRlidan warmomavlobisa ganamtkiceben meufebas vnebaTa
zeda, arc mrisxanebas iokeben, ampartavnobiT gaberilni da
gamxecebulni, arc damamcirebel gandidebas skuTari Tavisa,
arc ugunur sevdas, arc TavaSvebul avxorcobas, arc meZa-
vur sicils, arc utifar mzeras, arc gaumaZRar smenas, arc
uzomo sityvamravlobas, arc ukuRmarT azrebs da saerTod
arc arafers, rac Cven winaaRmdegaa da rasac boroti Cvenganve
iRebs, roca CvenSi, rogorc amas wm. werili ambobs, sikvdilis
sarkmeliT (ierem. 9,21) anu grZnobaTa organoebis meSveobiT
(aijsqhthrivwn) Semodis (1,7).
xatavs ra mZime suraTs eklesiaSi Seqmnili viTarebisa, wm.
grigols TviTonve gamoaqvs daskvna, rom es viTareba sxeulisa
sapirispiroa imisa, rasac qristianuli cxovreba gulisxmobs.
`CvenTan yvelaferi piriqiTaa~ (pa`n me;n ou\n tounantivon I, 7), _
wers igi da guldawyvetilia imis gamo, rom eretikosTa Tav-
dasxmisagan sarwmunoebrivi moZRvrebis siwmindes gulmxur-
valed arc isini icaven, romelTac es moeTxovebaT. viTarca
mefeni, romelnic gamarjvebis Semdeg mtrebs iwyaleben, ase
aZleven isini Tavisuflebas sxvaTa vnebebs, Tuki isini maT
Tavze xels gadausvamen, xolo RmrTis winaaRmdeg kidev ufro
gabedulad da gaborotebiT aRiZvrebian.
RmrTis sasufevelSi mravali savanea, sadac netarTa
gansveneba da dideba elis. adamianebs maTi mopoveba SeuZliaT.
isini ama Tu im savaneSi, Sesabamisad maTi rwmenisa, amqveynad
gatarebul sxvadasxvagvar cxovrebasa da sakuTar arCevans
mihyavs. amitomac ewodebaT maT gzebi, Tumca sinamdvileSi
gza erTia da isic viwro. erTi _ saTnoebasTan mimarTebiT,
romelic, miuxedavad misi mravalsaxeobisa, erTia; xolo vi-
wroa misTvis, visac am gziT siaruli guliT swadia, im jafis
gamo, romlis gawevac mouwevs; biwierebis gziT mavalTaTvis
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 177
ki, igi Tavisi gauvalobiTaa viwro.
Tvlian ra, rom amxiles RmrTis Sesaxeb eklesiis swavlebis
simwire, eresis mimdevrebma yvela sxva gzaze uari Tqves da mx-
olod erT, rogorc TviTon warmoudgeniaT, gonebiT mWvret-
elobis gzas daadgnen, rasac, Tavis mxriv, grigol RmrTism-
etyveli ybedobasa (ajdolesciva) da bodvas (terateiva) uwodebs da
pavle mociquls imowmebs, romelic niWTa CamoTvlisas mkacrad
sayvedurobs maT, vinc am gzas ara RmrTisgan mowodebiT, aramed
TviTneburad irCevs, roca wers: nu yovelni mociqul iyvnena? nu
yovelni winawarmetyuel? nu yovelni moZRuar? (I korin. 12,29).
wminda grigoli mkacrad amxels eretikuli mimdinareo-
bis ideologiur moZRvrebs, romelnic sakuTari swavlebis
momxreTa da eklesiis mowinaaRmdegeTa gamravlebis mizniT,
sarwmunoebis sakiTxebze msjelobisaTvis sruliad uvic ada-
mianebsac ki aqezeben, xels uwyoben maT viTomdac RmrTisme-
tyvelebad warmoCenas, maSin, roca sinamdvileSi maTi gonebri-
vi uZlurebiT sargebloben, amitomac sruliad samarTlianad
sayvedurobs SedarebiT gonebasust adamianTa sakuTari
miznebis misaRwevad gamoyenebisaTvis:
`vTqvaT, Sen maRali xar, maRalTa Soris umaRlesi, Tu
gnebavs, Rrublebze maRalic ki; mWvreteli uxilavTa, msmene-
li gamouTqmelTa, zecad atacebuli, viTarca elia; viTarca
mose, Rirsqmnili RmrTis gamocxadebisa da zecieri, viTarca
pavle; ratom xdi erT dReSi sxvebs wmindanebad, ratom asxam
xels RmrTismetyvelebad, da TiTqos, STaberav ra maT gan-
swavlulobas, umecar swavlulTa gundebs ratom qmni? ratom
xlarTav obobas qselSi SedarebiT uZlurebs da Tanac ise,
TiTqos es brZnuli da didi saqme iyos? ratom aRZrav sarw-
munoebis winaaRmdeg krazanaTa budeebs? ratom amravleb Cven
winaaRmdeg kamaTis xelovanT, viTarca Zvelad miTebi gigan-
tebs? viTarca raRac nagvis grovas, erT Txrilsa Sina risTvis
178 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
kreb yvelas, vinc ki kacTa Soris qarafSuta da arakacia, pir-
ferobiT kidev ufro aqalaCuneb da Seqmeni ra urjuloebis
axali saxelosno (ejrgasthrivon), maTi ugunurebiT ugunurad
risTvis sargeblob?~ (I,9).
ukeTu enis gardauval batonobas Tavs ver aRweven da misi
qavilis daZleva maT Zalebs aRemateba, grigol RmrTismetyve-
li eretikosebs mraval sxva saganze miuTiTebs, romliskenac
WeSmariti sargeblis misaRebad es sneuleba unda miaqcion.
magaliTad, SeuZliaT daamxon piTagoraseuli mdumareba, or-
fikosTa cercvebi (kuavmou~) da es brtyeli gamoTqma `Tavad
man Tqva~ _ Aujto;~ evfa; platonis ideebi, gadasaxlebani Cveni
sulebisa da wrebrunvani, gaxsenebani (ajnamnhvsei~) da uSveri
trfobani, mimarTuli sulisken mSvenier sxeulTa meSveobiT
(tou;~ ouj kalou;~ dia; tw`n kalw`n swmavtwn ejpi; yuch;n e[rwta~);; epi-
kures uRmerToba, atomebi da ugunuri tkboba, aristoteles
mwiri gangeba (provnoian), xelovnuri, usicocxlo swavlebani
sulze da kacobrivi Sexedulebani dogmatebis Sesaxeb (tw`n
dogmavtwn), qedmaRloba stoikosebisa (ojrfuvn), gaumaZRroba
(livcnon) da masxroba (ajgora`ion) kinikosebisa; sicariele (to;
kevnon) da sisavse (to; plh`re~) monaCmaxTa (tw`n lhrhmavtwn) Rmer-
Tebis, msxverplSewirvis, kerpebis, keTilTa da borot de-
monTa, RmerTTa da sulTa gamoZaxebis (qeagwgiva~, yucagwgiva~)
da varskvlavTa Zalis Sesaxeb, romelTac samisnoebSi hyvebian.
icis ra, rom ampartavnobiT Sepyrobilma, pativisa da didebis
maZiebelma e. w. qristianebma zemoxsenebuli SeTavazebuli Teme-
bi, viTarca umniSvneloni da ukve mravalgzis mxilebulni, Sei-
Zleba sityvebis miZRvnisaTvis uRirsad CaTvalon, wm. grigoli
maT samyaros an samyaroTa Sesaxeb, materiasa da sulze, gonier
arsebaTa keTilsa da ukeTur bunebaze, aRdgomaze, samsjavroze,
samagieros mizRvasa da qristes vnebebze sibrZnismetyvelebas
sTavazobs, sadac SesaZloa, warmatebasac miaRwion, Tumca, ra
cxovreba da poeturi Semoqmedeba 179
Tqma unda, es warmateba usafrTxo ar iqneba.
Camoayaliba ra pirvel sityvaSi vis xelewifeba RmerTze
sibrZnismetyveleba, ra Jams, vis winaSe, ra zomiT da romel
sakiTxebze, meore sityvaSi grigol nazianzeli ukve uSualod
RmrTismetyvelebis gadmocemaze gadadis da vedrebiT mimar-
Tavs yovladwminda samebas: mamas _ raTa mowyaled moxedos,
Zes _ raTa Semwed eqmnes da suls _ raTa STagoneba uboZos.
igi siamovnebiT eZleva RmrTis gonebiT Wvretas, rasac sim-
bolurad mTaze asvlas uwodebs (msgavsad winaswarmetyveli
mosesi, romelsac RmerTi sinas mTaze esaubra), rac erTdrou-
lad surs da aSinebs kidec: surs, sasoebiT RmrTis siaxlovis
gancdisa, xolo eSinia, sakuTari uZlurebisa gamo.
gamocdilebis safuZvelze grigoli askvnis, rom miuwvdome-
lia ara moazreba imisa, rom RmerTi arsebobs, aramed Secnoba
imisa, rogoria igi, Tumca zogierTi misi Tvisebis Secnoba Ses-
aZlebelia samyaros mixedviT, romelic Seqmna da romelic iseve
metyvelebs Semoqmedze, rogorc barbiTi masze, vinc igi gaakeTa,
an imis Sesaxeb, vinc masze ukravs. vidre RmrTismetyvelebaze
warmoTqmul momdevno sityvebSi yovladwmida samebis pirebsa da
uSualod ieso qristeze _ Ze RmrTisaze da suliwmidaze isau-
brebdes, grigoli aq RmrTeebis iseT zogadsa da saerTo Tvise-
bebs warmogvidgens, rogoricaa usxeuloba, gareSemouwerloba,
miuwvdomloba, gamouTqmeloba, yvelgan myofoba.
samobiT erTi RmerTis aRmsareblobisa da masze trinita-
ruli swavlebisaTvis grigol RmrTismetyvels, iseve rogorc
basili dids, sami RmerTis (triTeizmi) aRiarebaSi sdebdnen
brals. amitom man didi dro da energia moaxmara sazogadoe-
bisaTvis imis ganmartebas, rogor unda gulisxmaeyoT erTi
RmerTis sampirovneba, rasac safuZveli basili didis 38-e
werilma Cauyara, romelSic dadgenilia Sinaarsobrivi sxvaoba
terminebs arssa da hipostass (pirs) Soris.
180 wmida grigol RmrTismetyvelis
samive piri arsiTa da yvela TvisebiT, garda erTi ganmasx-
vavebeli, sakuTari Tvisebisa (TiToeulisa TviTebaY), erTi
da igivea. swored pirebis am sakuTar TvisebaTa aRmniSvnel
terminTa dazustebaSi miuZRvis gansakuTrebuli wvlili
wmida grigol RmrTismetyvels, kerZod, mamis ganmasxvaveb-
el Tvisebas uSobeloba (ajgennhsiva) ewoda, Zisas _ Sobiloba
(gevnnesi~), xolo suliwmidisas _ warmovlineba, gamomavloba
(e[kporeusi~)18. terminis e[kporeusi~ sinonimad wm. mama xSirad
iyenebs terminebs provodo~, provblhma, e[kpemiyi~.
43-e sityvaSi `naTlisRebisaTKs~ zustadaa Camoyalibebuli
dogmaturi swavleba yovladwmida samebaze _ mamasa, Zesa da
suliwmidaze: `amas mogcem yovlisave cxovrebisa Senisa zi-
arad da Pelisa ampyrobelad, erTsa mas RmrTeebasa da Zalsa,
romeli ipoebis samTa maT Soris erTobiT da samsa mas Semo-
hkrebs ganyofilad. arca uwesoY ars bunebiTa, anu arsebiTa,
arca aRorZndebis da daakldebis gardamatebulebiTa da dam-
cirebiTa. yovliTurT swor ars, yovliT kerZo igive ars,
viTarca erTi cisa SuenierebaY da sidide.
samTa miuwdomelTa miuwdomeli erTobaY _ TiToeuli TK-
sagan RmrTad ixilvebis, viTarca mamaY, egreTve ZH, viTarca
ZÀ, egreTve suli wmidaY, TiToeulisa TKTebaY damarxul ars.
RmerT arian samnive zogad gulisPmissayofelni: igi _ er-
TarsebisaTKs da ese _ TviTmpyrobelobisaTKs~.19
fasdaudebelia wvlili, agreTve, wminda grigol RmrTism­
et­ yve­
lisa samebis meore piris, qristes, rogorc RmerTka-
cis Sesaxeb marTlmadidebluri swavlebis Camoyalibeba-gan-
mtkicebasa da im gamarjvebaSi, romelic eklesiam qristes
winaaRmdeg amxedrebul ariozis eresTan brZolaSi moipova.
18
Orat. XXVI, 16.
19
grigol RmrTismetyveli, `naTlisRebisaTvis~ // saRmrTismetyvelo, aske-
tur da hagiografiul TxzulebaTa didi mravalTavi. gamc. grigol ruxaZem.
nak. II, ssg., Tb., 2016, gv. 123B, 124A.
181
wmida grigol RmrTismetyveli
pirveli mosamzadebeli sityva
RmrTismetyvelebis Sesaxeb
evnomioselTa1 winaaRmdeg2
1. sityvas sityvaSi gawafulTa mimarT wminda werilis si-
tyvebiT daviwyeb: aha, me Senzeda, qedmaRlobav (ierem. 50, 31),
radgan arian, marTlac arian adamianebi, romelTac Cveni si-
tyvebis mosmenisas smenaca da enac da, rogorc vxedav, ukve
xelebic eqavebaT da romelnic uwminduri fuWmetyvelebiT
(bebhvloi~ kenofwnivai~), maTTvis crumecnieruli Sepasuxebe-
biT (ajntiqevsesi) da sruliad usargeblo sityvieri brZole-
biT (tai`~ logomacivai~)3 xaroben. ase uwoda xom yovelives, rac
sityvaSi zedmeti da amaoa (perivergon), Semoklebuli sityvis
(lovgou suntetmevnou)4 mqadagebelma da Tavsmdebma pavlem, meTe-
vzeTa mowafem da maswavlebelma. kargi iqneboda, rom isini,
romelTac Cveni sityva exeba, ramdenadme mainc saqmian si-
1
kvizikis episkoposi evnomiosi ariozis eretikuli swavlebis aRmavlobis
meore etapze ukidures ariozelTa frTas meTaurobda. is da misi mimdevrebi,
e. w. evnomioselebi, amtkicebdnen, rom Ze RmerTi _ ieso qriste ara mxolod
erTarsi ar iyo mamisa, aramed arc arsiT msgavsi. garda amisa, maTi mtkicebiT,
kacobriv gonebas RmrTis sruli wvdoma, anu misi arsis Secnobac ki SeeZlo.
am cru swavlebis mxilebaSi, wm. basili didTan erTad, gansakuTrebuli wvli-
li miuZRvis wm. grigol RmrTismetyvelsac, romelmac eresis Semotevisagan
qristianuli RmrTismetyvelebis dasacavad xuTi sityva warmoTqva.
2
Gregorius Nazianzenus, Adversus Eunomianos (orat. 27). TLG 2022.007. J. Bar-
bel, Gregor von Nazianz. Die fünf theologischen Reden, Düsseldorf: Patmos-Verlag,
1963: 38-60.
3
I tim. VI, 20,4. giorgi mTawmidels axal aRTqmaSi terminebi ajntiqevsesi da
logomacivai~ qarTulad gadmoaqvs terminebiT: sityKs-geba da sityuaTa lalva.
4
rom. IX, 28.
182 grigol nazianzeli
brZnismoyvareobaSic ise yofiliyvnen gawafulni, rogorc ena
aqvT gawafuli keTilSobilur da gamorCeul sityvaTa daZeb-
nisaTvis. maSin, albaT, vidre axla, uazro da ucnaur brZno-
bas ufro iSviaTad da SedarebiT naklebadac miecemodnen, da
maT sasacilo saqmianobaze mec sasacilod vityvi: sityvebiT,
viTarca koWebiT ar iTamaSebdnen.
2. datoves ra yvela gza RmrTismosaobisa, mxolod erTs
xedaven: wamoWran an gadaWran romelime sakiTxi da im mo-
Widaveebs emsgavsebian, romelnic sanaxaobebze sajarod ara
imgvar orTabrZolas warmoadgenen, romelsac gamarjvebisaken
orTabrZolis wesebiT mihyavs, aramed imgvars, romelic ume-
carTa mzeras itacebs da qeba-didebasac maTgan ixveWen. yvela
moedanze maTi sityvebi unda ismodes, yvela lxini uazro
laybobiTa da usiamovno gancdebiT unda daamZimon, yvela
dResaswauli mwuxarebad unda aqcion, sadResaswaulo xasiaTi
daukargon da sevda-naRveliT aavson, xolo nugeSi am didi
ubedurebisas sakiTxTa gamoZiebaSi eZion; yovel saqalebos
_ gulubryviloTa am saaRmzrdelos, simSvide daukargon da
naCqarevi sityviT yvavili kdemamosilebisa warstacon.
raki yovelive es iqamde mivida, rom boroteba autaneli
da mouTmeneli gaxda da safrTxe mdabal xelobad gadaqcev-
isa, TviT Cvens did saidumlosac5 daemuqra, dae, Cvenma meT-
valyureebma imdeni moTmineba mainc gamoiCinon, rom roca
Cveni mamobrivi gulebi Relaven, da grZnobebi Cveni, rogorc
RmrTeebrivi ieremia ambobs, igvemebian (ierem. 4,13), maT Sesaxeb
warmoTqmuli es sityva gaafTrebis gareSe Seiwynaron da cota
xniT mainc, Tuki SeZleben, ena moTokon da smena mogvapyron,
amiT uTuod, sruliad araferi daakldebaT. an msmenelTa sas-
menelTaTvis vilaparakeb da sityva raRac nayofs gamoiRebs,
anu TqvenTvis sasargeblo gamodgeba, radgan, Tumca mTesveli
5 7
igulisxmeba qristianuli religia.
pirveli sityva RmrTismetyvelebaze 183
sityvas yvelas gulSi sTess, magram nayofs mxolod keTili
da nayofieri guli iZleva; an kidev wadiT da es Cveni sityva,
ipoviT ra masSi Sepasuxebisa da Cemi lanZRva-ginebisaTvis
mravalricxovan Temas, kidev ufro did siamovnebas mogani-
WebT. nu gagikvirdebaT, Tu vityvi sityvas, Seusabamos Tqveni
kanonisa da ucnaurs TqvenTvis, romelnic mtkiced da gabedu-
lad, meSinia vTqva _ umecrulad da Tavxedurad, irwmunebiT,
rom yvelaferi iciT da yovelives swavleba ZalgiZT.
3. yvelas ar ZaluZs sibrZnismetyveleba RmrTis Sesaxeb,
di­ax! yvelas ara. igi arc iafad SeiZineba da arc miwaze mxox-
avTa saqmea. aqve davamateb: sibrZnismetyveleba ara yovelT-
vis, ara yvelas winaSe da ara yvela sakiTxzea dasaSvebi, ar-
amed unda vicodeT rodis, vis winaSe da ra zomiT SeiZleba.
RmrTis Sesaxeb yvela ver isibrZnismetyvelebs; igi mxolod
maT xelewifeba, romelTac sakuTari Tavi gamoiZies, cxovre-
ba WvretaSi ganvles da uwinaresad suliTac da xorciTac
ganiwmindnen, an iwmindebian, radgan ganuwmendelisaTvis siw-
mindesTan Sexeba iseve safrTxiloa, viTarca mzis sxivi susti
mxedvelobisaTvis.
da rodis SeiZleba? maSin, roca Tavisufalni varT gareSe
biwisa6 da SfoTisagan, roca warmmarTveli (hJgemoniko;n) Zala7
CvenSi uvargissa da cdomil saxeebs ar erwymis, viTarca si-
lamaze dawerilobisa uxeiro dawerilobasTan aRreuli, an
WuWyis sunTan SeerTebuli keTilsurneleba mironisa. rameTu
mocaleoba WeSmaritad saWiroa gulisxmisyofisaTvis RmrTisa
(fs. 45,11) da raJams moviRo Jami, siwrfoebasa vSjide (fs. 74,2)
RmrTismetyvelebisa.
da vis winaSe? maT winaSe, romelnic gulmodgined ekidebian
am saqmes da mis Sesaxeb, viTarca mravalTagan erT-erTze,
6
e. i. roca xorciel moTxovnilebebs ar vemonebiT.
anu goneba.
184 grigol nazianzeli
siamovnebiT ar ybedoben; da Tanac ara cxenTa rbolis, sanax-
aobaTa da simReraTa yureba-mosmenis Semdeg da arca Semd-
gomad muclisa da imis dakmayofilebisa, rac muclis qvemo-
Taa, radgan, rogorc tkbobaTa es nawili, aseve maTze laRad
saubarica da maxvilgonivruli kamaTebic, swored maTTvisaa
gankuTvnili.
ris Sesaxeb SeiZleba sibrZnismetyveleba da ra zomiT? imis
Sesaxeb, rac CvenTvis misawvdomia da im zomiT, ra zomiTac ms-
menels Seswevs Zala misi wvdomisa. zomierebas gadaWarbebuli
sityvebica da sakvebic mavnebelia: pirvelni smenas vneben,
meoreni _ sxeuls, an, Tu gnebavT, sazianoa viTarca tvirTi,
romelic amRebis Zalas aRemateba, an Zlieri wvimebi miwisaT-
vis; msgavsad amisa, msmenelebic kargaven Zvel Zalas, Tuki maT,
ase vityvi, rTuli swavlebebiT davamZimebT da davTrgunavT.
4. imas rodi vambob, TiTqos RmrTis moxsenieba yovelT-
vis saWiro ar iyos. dae, amas nu gamoiyeneben Cvens sadevne-
lad sulswrafi adamianebi, romelnic amisTvis mudam mzad
arian, radgan moxsenieba RmrTisa ufro aucilebelia, vidre
sunTqva. isic ki SeiZleba, rom garda amisa, sxva arc araferi
vakeToT. mec imaTTagani var, visac moswons sityva, romelic
fiqrs RmerTze dRe da Rame (fs. 1,2), Txrobas masze mwuxrs,
dileulsa da samxrad (fs. 54, 17), xolo kurTxevas uflisa
yovelsa Jamsa (fs. 33) gvibrZanebs. Tu saWiroa, mosesac mov-
ixmobT, romelic gveubneba: sasuenebelsa Sensa zeda da aRd-
gomasa Sensa da slvasa gzasa Sensa (II sj. 6,7), Tu sxva romelime
saqmis keTebisas, xsenebiT RmrTisa siwminde unda SevimosoT.
ase rom, vkrZalav ara mudmivad moxseniebas RmrTisa, ar-
amed laparaks masze, magram arc laparaks, TiTqos igi codva
iyos, aramed RmrTismetyvelebas Seuferebel dros da ara
swavlebas moZRvrebisa, aramed uzomoebas swavlebisa. Taflic
ki, Tumca Taflia, uzomod, moyirWebamde miRebisas gulisre-
pirveli sityva RmrTismetyvelebaze 185
vas iwvevs. solomonTan erTad mec vTvli, rom yovelTaTvis
Jami ars (ekles. 3,1). TviT mSvenieric ki araa mSvenieri, roca
igi wesisa da rigis gareSe iSveba, rogorc, magaliTad, sru-
liad Seuferebelia yvavili zamTrisaTvis da samoseli ka-
cisa qalisaTvis, xolo qalisa _ mamakacisaTvis, mwuxarebisas
geometria da lxinis Jams _ cremlebi. ratom unda ugule-
belvyoT drois Sesaferisoba swored iq, sadac mis Sesafer-
isobas yvelaze metad unda vafasebdeT?
5. ara, megobarno da Zmano, mainc isev Zmebs giwodebT,
Tumca ZmebiviT ar iqceviT! ase nu vimsjelebT, mizanze8 Sors
nu wavalT, viTarca gaxurvebuli da TavaSvebuli cxenebi,
romelTac mxedari _ goneba _ gadmoagdes da keTili aRviri
krZalulebisa siZulviliT uaryves, aramed CvenTvis dadgenil
sazRvrebSi brZnulad vimsjeloT. arc egviptisken mivdrkeT,
Tavi arc asirielebs warvatacebinoT da arc galoba uflisa
queyanasa ucxosa vigaloboT (fs. 36.4), anu mosasmenad yvelasi
_ gareSesi Tu Cvenianisa, mtrisa Tu megobrisa keTilad ganwy-
obilisa, Tu borotmzraxvelisa, romelic gulmodgined gvak-
virdeba da natrobs, ukeTurobaTa naperwkali CvenSi cecxlad
aqcios, TviTon aCaRebs mas farulad, abrialebs, suls uber-
avs, raTa babilonis xanZarze, romelmac mTeli misi Semogare-
ni gadawva, ufro maRla, zecamde aRiwios. ramdenadac TavianT
swavlebebSi Zalas ver pouloben, mas Cvens uZlurebaTa Sina
eZieben; amitomac, rogorc buzebi Wrilobebs, ise esxmian Tavs
Cvens, rogor vuwodo, _ warumateblobebsa Tu Secodebebs.
magram amieridan nuRar viqnebiT umecarni sakuTar TavTa da
pativis armimgebni Rirsebis amgvar niSanTa, aramed ukeTu ga-
nadgureba mtrobisa SeuZlebelia, is mainc erTxmad vaRiaroT,
8
 dedanSia th`~ nuvssh~, romelic qarTulad cxenTa sarbielis ukanasknel
boZs niSnavs, saidanac asparezobis monawile mxedrebs cxenebi ukan unda moe-
brunebinaT. am SemTxvevaSi wm. grigol RmrTismetyveli mas figuralurad,
miznis mniSvnelobiT iyenebs.
186 grigol nazianzeli
rom saidumloTa Sesaxeb saidumlod unda vilaparakoT, xolo
siwmindeTa Sesaxeb _ siwmindiT.
maT winaSe, romelTac wabilwuli smena aqvT, nu gan-
vacxadebT imas, rac yvelasaTvis ar unda gancxaddes. nurc
imas davuSvebT, rom Tayvanismcemelni eSmakebisa, msaxurni
samarcxvino miTebis da saqmeTa, pativismigebis Rirsni Cvenze
metad aRmoCndnen. isini xom TavianT swavlebaTa gaundobebel-
TaTvis gadacemas umal sakuTari sisxlis daRvras amjobine-
ben. unda vicodeT, rom iseve, rogorc arsebobs raRac wesi da
rigi Cacmisa, Wamisa, sicilisa Tu siarulisa, aseve arsebobs
_ sityvisa da dumilisac, miTumetes, rom Cven RmrTis sxva
saxelwodebaTa da ZalTagan pirvel adgilze sityvas vayenebT.
dae, Cveni kamaTic samarTliani, marTlzomieri iyos (wesisa da
rigis mixedviT warimarTos).
6. RmrTis Sobisa da Sesaqmis (ktivsin), RmerTze, romelic
araarsebulTagania (ejx oujk o[ntwn),9 (gan)kveTis (tomh;n), gayo-
fisa (diaivresin) da Serwymis (ajnavlusin) Sesaxeb ratom unda
ismendes is, vinc mtrulad ganwyobilia? bralmdeblebs msa-
julad ratom vayenebT? mters xelSi maxvils ratom vaZlevT?
ras fiqrob, rogor miiRebs, an rogor gaigebs sityvas amaT
Sesaxeb is, vinc mxars mruSobasa da yrmaTa gaxrwnas uWers,
vinc Tayvans vnebebs scems da ar SeuZlia moazreba arafrisa,
rac sxeulze maRlaa? vinc sul cota xnis win TavisTvis aRmar-
Tavda kerpebs, romelnic yvelaze samarcxvino saqmeebiT arian
cnobilni? da Tanac, Cveulebisamebr, nivTierad (uJlikw`~), ur-
cxvad (aijscrw`~) da umecrulad (ajmaqw`~)?
igi xom Sens RmrTismetyvelebas sakuTari RmerTebisa da
vnebebis damcvelad gadaaqcevs? ukeTu amgvar gamoTqmebs
borotad Cven TviTon viyenebT, maTi darwmuneba, rom ise
9 11
  ariozelebi aswavlidnen, rom radgan iyo dro, roca Ze RmerTi ar iyo, maSa-
sadame, igi arsad (arsebulad) araarsebulTagan (araarsTagan) movida.
pirveli sityva RmrTismetyvelebaze 187
isibrZnismetyvelon, rogorc es Cven Segvefereba, gana ufro
Zneli ar iqneba? ukeTu Cven Tavad varT mompovnebelni boro-
tisa (rom. 1,30), isini ratomRa ar gadaiReben mas, rac marTlac
gvaqvs? ai, Sedegi Cveni erTmaneTTan brZolisa, sargebeli
imaTgan, romelnic sityva RmerTisTvis imaze metad iRvwian,
vidre es Tavad sityvas esaTnoeba da im gondakargulTa xve-
drs iziareben, romelnic an sakuTar saxlebs wvaven, an yrmebs
glejen nawilebad, an, Tvlian ra ucxoebad, mSoblebs saxle-
bidan devnian.
7. magram sityvas misTvis ucxo mravalricxovani legioni
CamovaSoroT da ufskrulSi dasanTqmelad Rorebis koltSi
SevgzavnoT,10 Cvens Tavs mivxedoT da, viTarca qandakeba misi
mSvenierebiT, RmrTismetyveli _ Cemi sityvis meore Tema,
gamovkveToT. uwinaresad is gaviazroT, ras niSnavs aseTi
moSurneoba sityvisa da sneuleba enisa? ra aris es axali
seni da es gaumaZRroba? risTvis SevikariT xelebi da en-
ebi aRvWurveT? aRarc ucxoTmoyvarebas vaqebT, aRarc ZmaT-
moyvarebas, aRarc col-qmrul siyvaruls, aRarc qalwul-
ebas; ratom aRar gvaocebs arca glaxakTa dapureba, arca
fsalmunTa galoba, arca RamisTeviT locvaze dgoma, arca
cremlebi; arc sxeuls vTrgunavT marxviT da arc RmerT-
Tan vmkvidrdebiT (ejkdhmou`men) locviT; arc uaress vumor-
CilebT ukeTess, rogorc amas sakuTari Sedgenilobis11 swo-
rad ganmsjelni akeTeben da arc cxovrebas vaqcevT sikvdilze
zrunvad; verc vnebaTa zeda meufebas vicavT xsovniT zeciuri
keTilSobilebisa (th`~ a[nwqen eujgeneiva~) da verc mZvinvarebas
vTokavT, romelic Tavxedebad da velurebad gvaqcevs, verc
Tavis gandidebis damamcirebel survils, verc ugunur mwux-
arebas, verc Tavawyvetil avxorcobas, verc mruSis sicils,
10
Sdr.: mT. 8,28-32; mrk. 5,2-13; luk. 8,26-33.
igulisxmeba adamianis agebuleba, kerZod, misi ori buneba: xorcieli da
sulieri.
188 grigol nazianzeli
verc uweso mzeras, verc gaumaZRar smenas (ajkohvn a[plhston),
verc uzomo laparaks, verc CvenTvis ucxo (e[ktopon) azrovne-
bas da saerTod, verc verafers vSveliT imaTgan, romelTac
boroti Cven winaaRmdeg Cvengan iRebs, radgan, rogorc wminda
werili ambobs, sarkmelebiT, e. i. SegrZnebaTa (aijsqhthrivwn)
meSveobiT Semovida CvenSi sikvdili (ierem. 9,20).
CvenTan yvelaferi piriqiTaa, msgavsad gamarjvebul mefe-
Ta, romelnic damarcxebulebs aTavisufleben, sxvaTa vnebebs,
Tuki isini Tavze xels gvisvamen, Tavisuflebas Cvenc vaZlevT,
ris gamoc RmrTis winaaRmdeg kidev ufro Tavxedurad ibrZ-
vian, Cven ki maT, sanacvlod ukeTuri saqmisa, sazRaurad
borots, kerZod, usjuloebisaTvis _ sityvis Tavisuflebas
(parrhsivan) mivagebT.
8. magram me gkiTxvide mcired, gamomeZiebelo da macilo-
belo, da Sen momigebd, _ eubneba xma iobs armuriT gamo da
RrubliT (iob. 38,1-3), _ rogor gsmenia, ramdeni savanea Rmer-
TTan, mravali Tu erTi? ueWvelia, mipasuxeb, rom mravalia
da ara erTi. isini yvelani unda aRivsos, Tu mxolod erTni,
meoreni ki ara da amaod ganmzadebulni carielebad darCnen?
ra Tqma unda, yvela aRivseba, radgan RmerTTan ganusjelad
araferi xdeba. SegiZlia Tqma misa, ras gulisxmob am savaneSi,
_ iqaur gansvenebasa da didebas, netarTaTvis ganmzadebuls,
Tu sxva rames? xom swored amas da ara sxvas? radgan amaSi
SevTanxmdiT, axla is gamoviZioT, aris ki rame iseTi, romelic
am savaneebs mogvapovebinebs, rogorc me vfiqrob, Tu ara?
uciloblad aris; da ra aris igi?
arsebobs sxvadasxva saxe cxovrebisa (politeiva~) da arCev-
anisa, romelTac, Sesabamisad rwmenisa, ama Tu im savaneSi mi-
vyavarT, risTvisac maT gzebs vuwodebT. yvela maTganiT unda
viaroT, Tu am gzaTagan ramdenimeTi? Tu es SesaZlebelia, dae,
yvelam yvela gziT viaroT, xolo ukeTu ara, maTi udidesi
pirveli sityva RmrTismetyvelebaze 189
nawiliT, xolo Tu arc es SegveZleba, zogierTi maTganiT
mainc. Tuki esec SeuZlebelia, pativi mivagoT masac, rogorc
me meCveneba, vinc sabolood upiratesobas erT gzas mianiWebs.
es sityvebi sworad gaige. rogor? roca gesmis, rom gza
erTia da isic viwro, Seni azriT, es ras niSnavs? gza erTia
saTnoebasTan mimarTebiT, radgan isic erTia, Tumca ki mra-
val saxed iyofa; xolo viwroa igi jafisa da imis gamo, rom
mravalTaTvis gauvalia, kerZod, mravalricxovani mowinaaRm-
degisaTvis, romelic borotebis gzas adgas. mec ase vfiqrob.
Tu es namdvilad asea, maSin ukeTileso, TiTqosda mamxile-
blebma Cveni moZRvrebis simwirisa, ratom datoveT yvela sxva
gza da mxolod am erTi, rogorc Tqven fiqrobT, gonebisa da
mWvretelobis, me ki vityvi, laybobisa (ajdolesciva~) da gamo-
nagonis (terateiva~) gziT ratom miemarTebiT da mieqanebiT?
dae, mociqulma pavlem gagkicxoT, romelic niWTa CamoTvli-
sas, amisTvis mwared gvsayvedrobs, roca ambobs: nu yovelni
mociqul iyvnena? nu yovelni winawarmetyuel? (I kor. 12,9).
9. vTqvaT Sen maRali xar, maRalTa Soris umaRlesi, Tu
gnebavs, Rrublebze maRalic ki; mWvreteli uxilavTa, msmene-
li gamouTqmelTa, zecad atacebuli, viTarca elia; viTarca
mose, Rirsqmnili RmrTis gamocxadebisa da zecieri, viTarca
pavle; ratom xdi erT dReSi sxvebs wmindanebad, ratom asxam
xels RmrTismetyvelebad, da TiTqos, STaberav ra maT gan-
swavlulobas, umecar swavlulTa krebulebs ratom qmni? ra-
tom xlarTav obobas qselSi SedarebiT uZlurebs da Tanac
ise, TiTqos es brZnuli da didi saqme iyos? ratom aRZrav
sarwmunoebis winaaRmdeg krazanaTa budeebs? ratom amrav-
leb Cven winaaRmdeg kamaTis xelovanT, viTarca Zvelad mi-
Tebi gigantebs? viTarca raRaca nagvis grovas, erT Txrilsa
Sina risTvis kreb yvelas, vinc ki kacTa Soris qarafSuta da
arakacia, pirferobiT kidev ufro aqalaCuneb da Seqmeni ra
190 grigol nazianzeli
axali saxelosno (ejrgasthrion) urjuloebisa, maTi ugunure-
biT ugunurad risTvis sargeblob?
amazec SemekamaTebi? metyvi, rom sxva saqme ar gaqvs? enam
Senma uciloblad unda ibatonos? Zala ar Segwevs, SeaCero
tkivilebi sityvis Sobisa? magram gaqvs Sen sxva sagani mravlad
da uxvad da es Seni seni maTken miaqcie sargeblobis misaRebad.
10. piTagoraseuli mdumareba (siwphvn)12 daamxe, orfikosTa
cercvebi (kuavmou~)13 da es brtyeli (qedmaRluri) gamoTqma
axali droisa: Tavad man Tqva; platonis ideebi daamxe, ga-
dasaxlebani Cveni sulebisa sxeulebSi (metenswmatwvsei~) da
wrebrunvani (perivodou~), gaxsenebani (ajnamnhvsei~) da uSveri
12
rogorc Cans, grigol RmrTismetyvels ar moswonda piTagoras swavlebis
meTodi, romelic masTan codnis misaRebad misulebs xuTi wlis ganmavloba-
Si dumils ubrZanebda. mowafeebs maswavleblisaTvis kiTxvis dasmis ufleba
ar hqondaT. maT mxolod misTvis unda esminaT.
13
gadmocemis mixedviT, orfikosebs, iseve rogorc piTagoras mowafeebs,
cercvis Wama ekrZalebodaT. am akrZalvis mizezad zogi ras asaxelebs da
zogi ras. erTi gadmocemiT, akrZalvis mizezi iyo is Zlieri moZraoba haerisa
mucelSi, romelic cercvis Wamas mosdevda Sedegad. amave avtorTan sxva
xasiaTis cnobasac vxvdebiT, kerZod, im saxls, romelSic piTagora da misi
maxloblebi iyvnen Sekrebilni, cecxli waukides, filosofosma gaqcevaze
uari Tqva, radgan am SemTxvevaSi cercvis naTesis gadaqelva mouxdeboda. ami-
tomac uTqvams: `maT gadaTelvas tyveoba sjobs, xolo amaometyvelebiT saxe-
lis gavardnas _ sikvdili~. igi marTlac Seipyres da mis ormocamde mowafes-
Tan erTad mokles. Диоген Лаэртский. О жизни, учениях и изречениях знаменитых
философов. М., 1986.
`
cercvis Sexebas [piTagora] iseve krZalavda, rogorc, adamianis xorcisas.
rogorc amboben, amis mizezs ase xsnida: roca sayovelTao sawyisi da Canasaxi
(aRmonaceni) dairRva, mravali ram miwis qveS erTmaneTs Seerwya, Sesqelda da
mTlianad dalpa, xolo Semdgom misgan xelaxla warmoiSva Casaxva da ganyofa
_ isaxebodnen cxovelni, xolo izrdebodnen mcenareebi, da swored aq, erTi
da imave neSompalidan warmoiSvnen adamianebi da amoizardnen (aRmocend-
nen) cercvebic. amis ueWvelobas Semdegnairad asabuTebda: ukeTu cercvs
davReWavT da naReWs mcire xniT Takara mzeSi gavitanT, xolo Semdeg mivuax-
lovdebiT, adamianis sisxlis suns vigrZnobT; xolo Tu cercvis yvavilobis
Jams cercvis yvavils, ukve gamuqebuls, Tixis WurWelSi CavdebT, WurWels
Tavze davaxuravT da miwaSi CavflavT 90 dRiT, xolo Semdeg amovTxriT da
gavxsniT, cercvis nacvlad bavSvis Tavi aRmoCndeba, an qalis saSo~. Порфирий.
Жизнь Пифагора, diogene laertelis dasaxelebul wignSi, gv. 423.
pirveli sityva RmrTismetyvelebaze 191
trfialebani sulis mimarT mSvenier sxeulTa meSveobiT14;
epikures uRmerToba, atomebi da aragonivruli tkboba; ar-
istoteles SezRuduli gangeba (provnoian), xelovnuroba msj-
elobisa (e[ntecnon), mokvdavi (qnhtouv~) swavlebani sulze da
kacobrivi Sexedulebani umaRles swavlebaTa Sesaxeb (tw`n dog-
mavtwn);;; qedmaRloba (orfuvn) stoelTa, gaumaZRroba (livcnon)
da masxroba (ajgorai`on) kinikosTa; daamxe amaoeba (to; kenov~)
da sisavse monaCmaxTa (to; plh`re~) RmerTTa an msxverplTa,
kerpebis, keTil da borot demonTa, misnobis, RmerTTa da
sulTa gamoZaxebisa da varskvlavTa Zalis Sesaxeb, romelTa
meSveobiTac adamianebs Tavgzas ubneven.
ukeTu eseni, viTarca umniSvneloni da mravalgzis mxile-
bulni, sityvis miZRvnis Rirsad ar migaCnia, gsurs imaT mi-
ubrunde, rac Senia, da pativmoyvareobis dakmayofilebasac
14
platonis azriT, siyvaruls adamianTa Soris ukvdavebis wyurvili iwvevs.
ra moiwifeba, kacs Sobis survili ipyrobs da iwyebs Zebnas mSvenierisa, raTa
Svas masSi, radgan maxinjSi Soba ar ZaluZs. isini, romelnic am dros xor-
cielad orsuldebian, upiratesad qalebisken iltvian, maT siyvaruls eZle-
vian da bavSvis, xorcieli memkvidris SeZenis gziT cdiloben ukvdavebasa
da maradiul cxovrebasTan ziarebas. magram, platonis mixedviT, arseboben
suliT orsulebic; SobisaTvis isinic mSvenier sxeulebs eZeben, xolo Tu mS-
venier sxeulSi mSvenier sulsac aRmoaCenen, ormagad ixiblebian. xorciel
orsulTagan gansxvavebiT, maTi trfialebis Sedegad naSobi ara xorcieli
memkvidre _ bavSvia, aramed sibrZne da sxva danarCeni saTnoebani, romelTac
amden xans Canasaxis saxiT daatarebdnen da maTi Soba mxolod mSvenierTan
siaxlovisa da urTierTobis wyalobiT SeZles. rogorc platoni ambobs,
isini erTad zrdian TavianT naSierT da `maT Soris ufro didi erTsulo-
vneba da megobroba isadgurebs, vidre ojaxis dedasa da mamas Soris, radgan
ufro mSvenier da ukvdav SvilTa siyvaruli aerTebs maT~. marTalia, pla-
tonis `nadimSi~ adamianis sicocxlis azrad absoluturi, aramaterialuri,
umaRlesi mSvenierebis _ mSvenierebis ideis Wvretaa gamocxadebuli, magram
am saboloo miznis misaRwevad gza xilul da grZnobad saganTa Wvretidan
`marTebulad gagebul mamaTmavlobaze~ gadis. amitomac aris platoniseuli
siyvaruli uSveri grigol RmrTismetyvelisaTvis. platoni, `nadimi~, Targ-
mani b. bregvaZisa. Tb., 1964. XXVII-XXVIII.
amitomac miaCnia sruliad samarTlianad wminda mamas uSverad (ouj kalou;~)
platoniseuli trfialebani sulis mimarT (ejpi; yuch;~ e[rwta~) mSvenier sx-
eulTa gamo (dia; tw`n kalw`n swmavtwn) da eniT sneulebs mis mxilebasa da
damxobas sTavazobs.
192 grigol nazianzeli
maTSi eZeb, SenTvis farTo gzebis Cveneba aqac SemiZlia. isi-
brZnismetyvele, samyaros an samyaroTa Sesaxeb, materiaze,
sulze, gonier arsebaTa keTilsa da borot bunebebze, saSi-
nel samsjavroze, samagieros mizRvasa da qristes vnebebze. am
SemTxvevaSi warmatebis miRweva sargeblobis momtani iqneba,
xolo miuRwevloba _ usafrTxo. RmrTis Sesaxeb axla mcired
visaubreT, magram SeiZleba mokle xanSi ufro srulad visau-
broT Tavad qristes, uflisa Cvenisa iesos Sesaxeb, romlisa
ars dideba ukuniTi ukunisamde, amin.