nobelis premiis laureati literaturaSi 1992

derek uolkoti

antilis kunZulebi: epikuri xsovnis fragmentebi

felisiTi aris sofeli trinidadSi, karonis dablobTan, sadac dRemde

xarobs lerwami, romlis mosaWrelad ymaTa gaTavisuflebis Semdeg
muSebis sagangebod daqiraveba daiwyes. felisiTis mosaxleobas
ZiriTadad indoelebi Seadgenen. SabaTis im saRamosac, amerikel
megobrebTan erTad rom vewvie sofels, gzad indoelTa saxeebi
Semogvxvdnen. marTlac mSvenieri sanaxavi iyo, rogor miiwevdnen isini iq,
sadac ramleela _ induri eposis ramaianas inscenireba unda
gamarTuliyo. mindori, romelzec soflis kostiumirebuli msaxiobebi
iyridnen Tavs, feradi droSebiT moerToT da is axal benzingasamarT
sadgurs mogagonebdaT. Sav-wiTel samosSi gamowyobili lamazi indoeli
biWebi saRamos bind-bundSi qaoturad isrodnen mSvildebidan isrebs.
horizontze dabali, lurji mTebi moCanda. xasxasa balaxi, daisis SuqiT
Seferili Rrublebi... felisiTi! ra sasiamovno da Sesaferi anglo-
saqsuri saxewodebaa epikuri xsovnisTvis.1

mindvris ganapiras, Ria fardulSi aRmarTuli bambukis ori uzarmazari

karkasi uSvelebel galiebs hgavda. es RvTaebis sxeulis nawilebi iyo _
giganturi gamosaxuleba, romelic epikuri warmodgenis dasasruls unda
daewvaT. konstruqcia Selis sonets mogagonebdaT ozimandias dangreuli
qandakebisa da dacemuli imperiis Sesaxeb _ `Semzaravi katastrofa~
cariel udabnoSi.

medoleebs CardaxSi koconi aenToT. cecxlis alze uadvildebodaT

dafebze tyavis gadaWimva. alisferi cecxli, mwvane balaxi, RvTaebis
xelnakeTi konstruqcia, romelic cota xanSi daiwveboda ara romelime
udabnoSi, sadac imperiis Zalaufleba sabolood daemxo, aramed iq,
sadac yovelwliurad meordeba rituali, rogorc lerwmis mosavlis
aReba _ amgvari msxverplSewirvis azri mis gameorebaSia, dangrevis
sazrisi cecxlSi ganaxlebaSia.

mindorSi RvTaebebi SemoabrZanes. erT-erTi Ria fardulidan gaisma

musika, romelsac Cven Cveulebriv `indurs~ vuwodebT. gamoCndnen
kostiumebSi gamowyobili msaxiobebi, Cemi varaudiT, RmerTebi da
ufliswulebi... ra samwuxaro aRiarebaa! `albaT, RmerTebia...~ - amgvarad
mxrebis aCeCva Cvens afro-aziur diasporasac sCvevia. xSirad mifiqria
ramleelaze , magram arasodes minaxavs is. arasodes minaxavs es Teatri,
Ria mindori sofleli bavSvebiT, mlocvelebiT, ufliswulebiTa da
RvTaebebiT. azrze ar viyavi, romeli epikuri istoria TamaSdeboda, vin
iyo misi gmiri an vis ebrZoda is. axlaxans Sevisisxlxorce inglisuri
Teatris odisea, vvaraudobdi, rom mayurebeli icnobda mcire aziis sxva
eposis gmiris odisevsis xifaTian Tavgadasavlebs, Tumca trinidadSi
aravin icoda Cemze meti ramaze, kalize, Sivaze, viSnuze garda

1
Felicity – inglisurad bednierebas, wyalobas niSnavs.
1
indoelebisa _ am gamoTqmas Segnebulad vxmarob aq ise, rogorc xSirad
SeiZleba gaigonoT trinidadSi _ `garda indoelebisa~.

TiTqos ZiriTadi dablobis miRma kidev sxva vake adgili arsebobda. iq,
lerwmis okeaneSi sacodavad unda warmoedginaT ramaiana. Tumca es iyo
Cemi, rogorc mwerlis xedva am movlenisa, mcdari xedva. me ramleelas
felisiTiSi vuyurebdi rogorc Teatrs maSin, roca sinamdvileSi is
rwmena iyo.

Cemi varaudiT, msaxiobs, gadacmulsa da gardasaxuls, scenaze gasvlis

win sarkeSi unda Caexeda im fiqriT, rom is realobaa, romelmac
iluziaSi unda Seabijos. sinamdvileSi ki ase ar xdeboda, radgan isini
ar iyvnen msaxiobebi. isini SeirCnen an Tavad SearCies sakuTari Tavi
rolebisaTvis, romelic cxra dRis manZilze, saRamoobiT, ori-sami
saaTis ganmavlobaSi unda moergoT. isini moyvarulebi an
profesionalebi ki ar iyvnen, aramed morwmuneebi. ar arsebobs
Teatraluri termini, romelic gansazRvravda maT. am `msaxiobebs~ ar
sWirdebodaT muSaoba sakuTar Tavze, fsiqologiuri momzadeba rolebis
saTamaSod. maTi TamaSi unda yofiliyo iseTive msubuqi da cocxali,
iseTive bunebrivi, rogorc es isrebi, saRamos saZovrebs rom kveTdnen.
maT swamdaT imisa, rasac TamaSobdnen, sjerodaT indoeTis wonisa Tu
teqstis siwmindisa maSin, roca me Cemi mwerluri Cvevebis gamo veZebdi
elegiis, danakargis SegrZnebas, ususur mimikas mlocveli biWebis
bednier saxeebsa Tu sofleli ufliswulebis heraldikur profilebSi.
aRfrTovanebiTa da eWvebiT vabinZurebdi saRamos. mcdarad vkiTxulobdi
Cems Tvalwin gadaSlil movlenas istoriuli eqos WrilSi _ lerwmis
mindvrebi, molaparakebebi, sadRac gauCinarebuli jaris mowodeba,
taZrebi da spiloebis bRavili _ maSin, roca Cems garSemo sul sxva ram
xdeboda: amaRlebuli ganwyoba, biWebis mxiaruli SeZaxilebi, mtkice
rwmenis sixaruli da ara danakargi. saxelwodeba fesiliTi xorcs
isxamda, azrs iZenda.

warmoidgineT, rom mTeli azia Semdeg fragmentebamde daviwrovda:

lerwmis mindvrebSi mimofantuli TeTri minareTebi da qvis taZrebi.
SeiZleba gasagebic iyos im adamianebis gaRizianeba da erTgvari
TviTironia, romlebic aRniSnul ritualSi parodiasa da gadagvarebas
xedaven. amgvari puristebi ceremonias ise akvirdebian, rogorc
gramatikosebi _ dialeqts, rogorc qalaqebi uyureben provinciebs, xolo
imperiebi _ TavianT koloniebs. xsovna, romelsac swadia warsulTan
SeerTeba, sxeulis nawili, romelsac unda, xelnakeTi RvTaebis bambukis
Reroebis msgavsad, tans Seerwyas, sxva sityvebiT, gza, romlsac
karibieli isev gahyurebs, ukanonoa, akrZalulia. `iq ar aris xalxi~ _
rogorc frudi ityoda _ `am sityvis namdvili gagebiT~. ar aris xalxi,
aris mxolod namdvili xalxis fragmentebi da eqoebi, araoriginaluri,
damtvreul-damsxvreuli.

ritualuri warmodgena dialeqts hgavda, originali enis ganStoebas, mis

SezRudul formas, magram ara damaxinjebas an Tundac damcirebas
epikuri masStaburobisa. aq, trinidadSi aRmovaCine, rom erT-erTi yvelaze
didebuli epikuri nawarmoebi yovel sezonze idgmeboda ara uimedo,
uperspeqtivo morCilebiT kulturis SenarCunebis aucileblobis winaSe,
2
aramed rwmenis RiaobiT. es rwmena ki iseTive myari iyo, rogorc karonis
dablobze moqrili qari. samwuxarod, speqtaklis dawyebamde unda
dagvetovebina iqauroba, karonis WaobTan unda mivsuliyaviT, mimwuxrze
Sin dabrunebuli alisferi ibisebisTvis rom migveswro. ibisebis
warmodgena ki iseTive bunebrivi iyo, rogorc ramleelas msaxiobebis
mier dadgmuli. vuyurebdiT bumbulebs, romlebic ise brwyinavda,
rogorc meisre biWebis alisferi samosi, rogorc wiTeli droSebi.
bumbulebiT dafaruli patara adgili ayvavebul xes daemsgavsa. istoriis
niSanwyali aq aRarafers niSnavs. am orma sanaxaobam _ ramleelam da
ibisebma _ madlierebis grZnobiT aRgvavso. karibiSi bunebrivi ramaa
sanaxaobiT aRfrTovaneba, rac aqauri peizaJebidan da xedebidan
TavisTavad modis, xolo am silamazis pirispir aRmoCenili istoriuli
niSani sadRac qreba.

Cven xSirad voxravT warsulis gamo. Tavi priviligirebulad vigrZeni,

roca ibisebi da felisiTis mSvildosnebi aRmovaCine.

istoriuli niSnebi nangrevebis garSemo Cndeba da ara peizaJebSi.

antiliSi cotaa aseTi nangrevebi, Tu ar CavTvliT mitovebul portebsa
Tu lerwmis migdebul nakveTebs. nela mimovixede garSemo, rogorc amas
kamera gaakeTebda _ kadrSi moxvdeboda dabali lurji gorakebi,
espaneTis porti, soflis gza da saxlebi, mebrZoli mSvildosnebi,
RvTaebebis rolis Semsruleblebi da maTi gamwvrTnelebi. musikac
mzadaa. saocrad mominda filmi gadameRo felisiTize. mTeli saRamo
vcdilobdi, maxsovrobaSi aRmedgina dakarguli indoeTi. magram ratom
`maxsovrobaSi~? ratom ar unda Sevxarode `realur awmyos~? ratom unda
daikargos `indoeTi~, roca am soflelTagan arc erTs scodnia igi
odesme, da ratom ar unda gagrZeldes, samudamod ratom ar unda
SenarCundes sixaruli felisiTisa Tu centraluri dablobis sxva
adgilebSi? ratom ver gavixare mTeli guliT? vcdilobdi, gamexara
nebismieri sxva trinidadeliviT. me mqonda ufleba, huseinis dResaswauls
davswrebodi, xeli mimiwvdeboda muslimuri epikuri taZrebis sarkeebsa
Tu Cinuri drakonis cekvaze, SemeZlo menaxa erT-erT quCaze mdebare
didebuli ebrauli taZris ritualebi. me mxolod erTi mervedi nawili
var im mwerilsa, rac sinamdvileSi SeiZleboda vyofiliyavi, trinidadis
yvela danawevrebuli ena rom mcodnoda.

Tuki larnaki gatydeba, siyvaruli, romelic mis nawilebs Seawebebs,

ufro Zlieri iqneba, vidre is siyvaruli, WurWlis simetria rom aRiqva
manam, sanam is mTeli iyo. webo, romelic natexebs SeaerTebs, larnakis
Tavdapirveli formis gamkvrivebaa, simtkicea. aseTi unda iyos siyvaruli,
romelic Cvens afrikul da aziur nawilebs Seagrovebs. ojaxis
dazianebul nivTze gaCenili TeTri nawiburebi migvaniSnebs, rom is
restavrirebulia. antilize zrunva, misi tkivili dazianebuli nawilebis
Segrovebaa. da Tu nawilebi kidev ufro gancalkevdeba, maTi tkivili
Tavdapirvelad arsebuli mTelis tkivils gadaaWarbebs. xatebsa da
wminda WurWels STamomavlobiT miRebul, sagvareulo adgilebSi unda
mivuCinoT bina. antilis xelovneba Cveni danawevrebuli istoriis
gamTelebaa, gabneuli sityvebis maragis aRdgenaa, is aris arqipelagi,
romelic ZiriTadi kontinentidan moglejili nawilebis sinonimi xdeba.

3
zustad amave process warmoadgens poeziis Seqmna, rasac ara `keTeba~,
aramed `gadakeTeba~ unda erqvas. fragmentuli maxsovroba, aRmarTuli
RvTaebis forma, mis garSemo gamarTuli ritualebi; lerwam-lerwam,
Rero-Rero, saTiTaod Segrovili RmerTi, felisiTis xelosnebis mier
aRmarTuli misi wminda eqo...

poezia srulyofilebis oflia, Tumca is unda Candes iseTive cincxali,

rogorc wvimis wveTi qandakebis warbze. poezia aerTianebs bunebrivs da
marmarilosgan gakeTebuls, akavSirebs or dros: warsulsa da awmyos.
Tuki warsuli qandakebaa, awmyo aris namis wveTebi an sulac wvimaa
warsulis Sublze. arsebobs dafluli ena da arsebobs individis
leqsika. poeziis weris procesi gaTxrisa da TviTaRmoCenis msgavsia. enis
imperiuli koncepciisagan gansxvavebiT individis xma Tavisi gamorCeuli
intonaciiT is dialeqtia, romelic sakuTar aqcents, sakuTar leqsikasa
da melodias ayalibebs. sul sxvaa ozimandias, biblioTekebis,
leqsikonebis, sasamarTloebis, kritikosebis, eklesiebis, universitetebis,
politikuri dogmisa da instituciebis ena. poezia kunZulia, ZiriTad
nawils Camocilebuli. Cemi arqipelagis dialeqtebi iseTive qorfad da
nedlad meCveneba, rogorc wvimis wveTebi qandakebis Sublze. es ar aris
ofli marmariloze muSaobis Zaslxmevisas daRvrili, es macocxlebeli
elementebis _ wvimisa da marilis kondensaciaa.

mSobliuri, originaluri enis gareSe darCenilma dapyrobilma tomebma

TavianTi sakuTari ena Seqmnes, romelSic aziuri da afrikuli epikuri
leqsikis wilic Sevida, magram veraferi Caanacvlebs mama-papiseul,
sisxlSi gamjdar aRfrTovanebul ritms, verc monoba da verc
SeTanxmeba-molaparakebebi. Tumca saxelwodebebic gadarqmeulia da
soflebisTvis Serqmeuli saxelebic _ felisiTis msgavsad _ miRebulia.
dedaena, metaena ise qreba didi manZilis gadalaxvisas, rogorc bayayi,
okeanis gadacurvas rom cdilobs. Tumca gadarqmevis, axali metaforebis
povnis es procesi imis msgavsia, rasac poeti awydeba yoveli samuSao
dRis dasawyisSi. is robinzon kruzosaviT sakuTar iaraRs akeTebs,
aucilebel sityvebs agrovebs, romelTa Soris, unda Tu ar unda,
saxelgadarqmeul felisiTisac gamoiyenebs. sruliad gaSiSvlebuli kaci
Tavisdauneburad ukan daixevs, qvecnobieris karnaxiT. es aris antilis
gamocdilebis safuZveli _ ara sacodavi, aramed Zlevamosili eqoebis,
fragmentebis, uzarmazari tomis sityvebis narCenebis, nawilobriv
damaxsovrebuli wes-Cveulebebis warumatebloba da kraxi _ Tumca isini
ar arian gaxrwnilni da gadagvarebulni, aramed kvlav inarCuneben Zalas.
maT gadaarCines afrikeli monebi, jer evropaSi rom miyavdaT da iqidan
tyveebad rom hyiddnen amerikaSi. gemma Fatel Rozack madrasis portidan
felisiTis lerwmis mindvrebisaken indoeli muSebis pirveli nakadi
gadaiyvana ise, rogorc gadahyavda kromvelis patimari, ebraeli, Cineli
Tu libaneli vaWari.

yvelani aq arian, karibis erTaderT qalaqSi, espaneTis portSi, es `ara

xalxi~, babilonis godoliviT aRreulni, mravalenovanni, istoriis
armqoneni, rogorc zeca. axal msoflioSi swored aseTi qalaqia mwerlis
zeca.

Cven viciT, rom kultura misi qalaqebiT iqmneba.

4
kidev erTi pirveli dila Sin... Zilgatexili mouTmenlad veli mzis
amosvlas. xuT saaTze jer isev bnela, fardebis gadaweva ar Rirs; da
Semdeg... uecar Suqze, kremisferkedlebiani da yavisferWeriani policiis
ubani, romelic esazRvreba kolonialur stilSi Camwkrivebul mokle
samefo palmebs... maT miRma ufro maRali palmebia... sardafSi Sefrenili
mtredi... erT dros modernuli sacxovreblis naSTebi... dilis gza
policiis ubnamde arc Tu ise gadatvirTulia. es yovelive gasaocari
simSvidis nawilia. amgvari siCume yoveli vizitisas meordeba qalaqSi,
romelic Rrmadaa CemSi Casaxlebuli. sasimovnoa yvavilebis da borcvebis
danaxva, radgan es swored isaa, ris naxvasac eli, magram ai, arqiteqtura
pirvelive dilas geCxireba TvalSi. amerikuli cdunebidan dabrunebuli
umal igrZnob, rom raRac ar aris srulyofili, raRaca gamotovebulia,
raRacas dasruleba unda iseve, rogorc am betonis nasaxlarebs. fanjris
rafaze darCenili jami da balax-bulaxiT dafaruli fexsalagi... qalaqi
cdilobs gaizardos, gauxeSdes, amerikuls daemsgavsos, iseTive
trafaretulobiT iyos daRdasmuli, rogorc kolumbusi an de-moini. aq
vlindeba Zalauflebis simtkice, misi dekoratiuloba, Senobebze
mimagrebuli haeris kondicionerebi da siTbos moklebuli, aragulRia
dawesebulebebi sul sxva klimatis imitaciaa. aq geufleba sinanuli da
monatreba, sicivis gancdis siZulvili.

did qalaqebSi, nacrisfer, gawelil zamTrebSi mokle dReebiT, TiTqos

mTeli dro Sekrul paltoebSi gadis, TiToeuli saxli uniaTo barakad
moCans, romlis fanjrebidan sinaTle gamodis. da roca uecrad Tovli
wamova, zamTris literaturulobis, zRaprulobis gamo Tavi rusul
romanSi gegoneba, mecxramete saukuneSi. karibiSi Camomsvlelma ki unda
igrZnos, rom is Ria baraTebis gauTavebel mwkrivSi moxvda. orive
klimati Tavisi gansakuTrebulobiT xasiaTdeba, yvelas wagvikiTxavs maT
Sesaxeb. SeuZlebelia, karibiSi moxvedrili turistisTvis kargi amindi,
mzis sxivebi, mxiaruleba seriozulad aRiqmebodes. zamTari cxovrebasac
da literaturasac Tavisebur siRrmesa da sibneles sZens, xolo
tropikul, gauTavebel zafxulSi verc siRaribe da verc poezia
(antiliSi xom Tavad siRaribea poezia, rogorc adgilobrivebis, ise
emirgaciaSi myofTa mouwyobeli cxovrebisa) ver gamoCndeba ise aSkarad,
mTeli Tavisi siRrmiTa da tragizmiT, radgan garSemo buneba xarobs,
yvelaferi musikasaviT aRgafrTovanebs. mxiarulebaze dafuZnebuli
kultura ki zedapirulobiskenaa midrekili. naRvels iwvevs sakuTari
Tavis gayidva (karibieli xom sicarielis da uazro yofis trfialia)
rogorc zamTrisgan gaqceulebis adgilisa, aseve im seriouzulobisgan
gamoqceulebisa, romelic mxolod oTxi sezonis kulturas axasiaTebs.
amgvarad, rogor SeiZleba aq icxovros xalxma am sityvis WeSmariti
gagebiT?

karibiSi mcxovrebma adamianebma araferi ician im sezonebis Sesaxeb, roca

xeebs foTlebi scvica, Senobebis saxuravebi burusSi ikargeba an sulac
TeTrdeba, buxrebSi koconi inTeba. isini cxovroben im mxareSi, sadac
geografiis ritmi, misive musikis msgavsad, ori ZiriTadi aqcentiT
ganisazRvreba: sicxe da nami, mze da wvima, sinaTle da Crdili, dRe da
Rame. amitomac ar SeuZlia am xalxs dapirispirebebis, konfliqtebis,

5
ukiduresobebis daxvewili da Rrma analizi, mxatvruli Tu warmosaxviTi
koliziebis gaazreba.

Cveni qalaqebi ar aris Cveulebrivi qalaqebi, TiTqos arc erT maTgans

surs, rom aseTi iyos. sxvebi gvkarnaxoben sakuTar proporciebs, sakuTar
gansazRvrebebs. prozac amaxinjebs realobas. dRes sent jeimsi is quCebi
da ezoebia, naipoli rom aRwers Tavis mogonebebSi, sadac qalaqis Sukebi
iseTive mokle da brwyinvalea, rogorc trinidadel-britaneli mwerlis
winadadebebi. sadRac gaqra tunapunas xmauri da mxiaruleba, misi adgili
ki jeimzis warmosaxvam daikava wignSi `sazRvrebs miRma~. rac Seexeba
sofel felisiTis karonis dablobze, is sam selvonis soflad iqca. ase
emarTebaT kunZulebsac: jin risis Zveli dominika, rogorsac mwerali
qali aRwers, axlac Zalian aqtualuria; sezeris adreuli martiniki,
pirsis gvadelupa, tyavis Cafxutebisa da virebis gareSe. ra mSvenieri
sanaxavi iyo es literatura _ erTi literatura ramdenime imperiis enaze
ametyvelebuli _ inglisurad, frangulad Tu espanurad _ mwvane, Ria
kunZulebi kulturis ganTiadze, arc SeboWili da arc xelovnurad
Seqmnili. es ar aris agresiuli kvexna, mxolod imis aRniSvnaa, rom rac
moxda, yvelaferi gardauvali, Seuqcevadi iyo.

cxel naSuadRevs uCveulo sinaTliT ganaTebula espaneTis portis

xeivani, romlis zemodan siyvaruliT eSveba vazi, moSorebiT palmebia da
nislSi CaZiruli mTebi, da gaxsendeba vanisa Tu herbertis `palmebiT
daCrdiluli qalaqi~ an hamondis orRano kastris xis eklesiaSi, sadac
galobdnen `oqros ierusalims~. miWirs, aseTi sicariele gakotrebad,
mooxrebad da gaCanagebad aRviqva. es moTminebaa, romelic afarToebs
antilur yofas. nu movTxovT mas ambicias, romelic antilis mkvidrs
saerTod ar ainteresebs. Camosuli mogzauri ki yovelive amas aRiqvams,
rogorc apaTias, modunebas, indiferentulobas.

zogierTma SeiZleba Tqvas, rom aq ar aris sakmarisi wignebi, Teatrebi,

muzeumebi, rom aRar ici, ra akeTo. Tuki adamians uwignod datoveb, is
daiwyebs fiqrs, ra moimoqmedos. SeiZleba SeukveTos wigni an sulac
gadaweros. Tu amis saSualebac ar aris, maSin daizepiros. wignis arqonas
dadebiTi mxarec aqvs _ adamiani Tavs daaRwevs gauferulebul nakads,
radgan dRes wignebis Seqmna ki ara, ukve arsebulis gadakeTeba xdeba.
diax, qalaqebi qmnian kulturas. Tvalwin gveSleba gamaognebeli,
TvalismomWreli sabazro qalaqebi, magram rogoria idealuri karibuli
qalaqi? is garSemortymulia foTlebiT dafaruli gareubnebiT, soflis
tipis dasaxlebebiT da Tu gaumarTla, mis miRma Ria vake iSleba, romlis
bolos lamazi mTebi da indigosferi zRvaa. wawvetebulsaxuravebiani
koSkebis garSemo skverebi iyrian Tavs. mtredebi frenen caSi da Tan
mkiTxavebis rwmenis mogoneba gadaaqvT. qalaqis centrSi dainaxavT
cxenebs, diax, cxenebs, romlebsacMevropis quCebSi mecxramte saukunis
bolos SexvdebodiT, ekipaJebiT rom gadahyavdaT maRalqudiani batonebi
da qalbatonebi. es cxenebi, romlebic nalebis kakunis elegiuri eqos
gareSe cxovroben axlandel droSi, savannas dedoflis parkSi
ganTiadisas gamoCndebian xolme maSin, rodesac nisli civi mTebidan
saxuravebze eSveba. sezonurad cxenebis Sejibrsac moawyoben da maSin
moqalaqeebs SesaZlebloba eqnebaT, mecxramete saukunis cxovelis
graciozulobasa da siswrafes ugulSematkivron. sanaxaoba metad
6
areulia _ warmodgenilia afrikuli, aziuri, evropuli, xmelTaSuazRvis
kultura. xalxis siWrele joisis dublinis mravalferovnebasac ki
aWarbebs. adgilobriv mcxovrebTa instiqtebiT da ara tradiciulobis
SegnebiT ganpirobebuli Sereuli qorwinebebi imdenad xSiria, rom maT
Svilebs xandaxan uWirT sakuTari genealogia gamoikvlion. qalaqis
quCebi sakmaod rTuli da saSiSia fexiT mosiaruleTaTvis, komerciuli
ubnebi ki _ kakofoniuri, arakeTilxmovani, Zveli enis fragmentebiT
gajerebuli. kviraobiT, xuTi saaTisTvis es xmebic wydeba.

aseTia CemTvis espaneTis porti, idealuri qalaqi Tavisi komerciuli da

adamianuri proporciebiT, fexiT mosiarule moqalaqeebiT. albaT, aseTi
iyo aTeni manam, sanam is kulturis centri gaxdeboda.

espaneTis portis araCveulebiv siluets misi ostatebi qmnian. aq naxavT

xis SesaniSnav, usazRvro warmosaxviT Sesrulebul nakeTobebs. qalaqs
miRma karonis dablobia Tavisi soflebiT, salocavi droSebiT, xiliT
movaWreebiTa da droSebiviT mofarfate ibisebiT. ra fotogenuria! aris
yovelive amaSi Ria baraTebis sevda. sulac ar vcdilob axali edemis
Seqmnas; `antiliSi~ vgulisxmob sinaTlis, Sromis, gadarCenis realobas,
vgulisxmob soflis gzis ganapiras mdebare saxls, karibis zRvas,
romlis sunic Zalebis aRdgenisa da gadarCenis sunia. gadarCena
sijiutis gamarjvebaa, sulieri gamZleobaa, amaRlebuli sisulelea,
swored esaa is, rac aZlebinebs poezias maSin, roca bevri ram arsebobs,
rasac unda daecarielebina igi. yvelaferi ki erT sityvaSi eteva _
`samyaro~.

maS, esaa antilis xiluli poezia _ gadarCena.

Tu gsurT, CaswvdeT im damamSvidebel TanagrZnobas, romliTac kunZulebs

epyrobodnen, daakvirdiT antilis tyeebis SeRebil graviurebs palmebiTa
da CanCqerebiT. maT aqvT civilizebuli wesiereba, botanikuri
baRebivisTvis damaxasiaTebeli mowesrigebuloba, TiTqos ca minis Weria,
romlis qveSac kolonizebuli mcenareebi da maT Soris gayvanili gzebi
rigebad Camwkrivebula. xedebi imave paTosiTaa gamsWvaluli, gravioris
iaraRs an topografis fanqars rom amoZravebs. ironiaa, magram swored am
paTosiT arqmeven felisiTis msgavs soflebs saxelebs. saukunem am mwvane
miwas mcdar Suqze da mcdari TvaliT Sexeda. amgvari suraTi kidev ufro
mowyenili da sevdiania, vidre Tavad tropikebi. Saqris safqvavebisa Tu
navmisadgomebis, adgilobriv samosSi gamowyobili qalebis es daxvewili
graviurebi istoriis nawilia, im istoriisa, romelic jer gravioris,
mogvianebiT ki fotografis mzeraSi moxvda. istoria sxvadasxva epoqaSi
sxvadasxva TvaliT uyurebs da aRiqvams realobas. mas SeuZlia
gadaarqvas saxelebi nostalgiidan eqomde. istorias ZaluZs tropikuli
sinaTlis brwyinvaleba prozis elegiur monotonurobad, konradis
sasamarTlos tonad, tropolis samogzauro Jurnalebad gadaaqcios.

mogzaurebs TavianTi daavadebis infeqcia CamohqondaT. CamomsvlelTa

prozam aqauri peizaJi melanqoliuri gaxada, mas sakuTari Tavisadmi
pativiscema daakargvina. TiToeuli mcdeloba, arqiteqturiT dawyebuli,
musikiT damTavrebuli, imitaciamde, kopirebamde, mibaZvamdea damcirebuli.
froidis azriT, raki istoria miRwevebzea dafuZnebuli da raki antilis
7
istoria sisxlisRvriT, monobiTa da dapyrobebiT genetikurad ase iyo
damaxinjebuli da gafuWebuli, kultura aq miuwvdomeli iqneboda da
gaveranebul portebsa Tu Saqris feodalur nakveTebSi veraferi
Seiqmneboda. am mosazrebas arafrad agdebs mxolod antilis mTebis
sinaTle, aramed adgilobrivi mosaxleobis ubralo, xalxuri energia da
mravalferovneba. dadeqi axlos CanCqerTan da veRar gaigeb mis xmas.
cxenebiviT mecxramete saukuneSi CarCena, rogorc brodski ambobda,
SesaZloa arc ise cudi xvedri iyos. antiliSi cxovrebis ritmic gasul
saukunes mogagonebT, dasavluri induri romanis msgavss.

iseT siaxlis moyvarul avtorTanac ki, rogoric graham grini gaxlavT,

karibieli elegiuri paTosiTaa daxatuli. am gauTavebel naRvels levi-
Strausi tropikul sevdas uwodebs, sadac sityva sevda karibuli
mtverisadmi, wvimisadmi, usistemod gamravlebuli mcenareebisadmi, im
qalaqebis provinciuli ambiciisadmi damokidebulebas asaxavs, sadac
Tanamedrove arqiteqturis siuxeSes patara saxlebi da moxdenili quCebi
daujabnia. ganwyoba gasagebia _ melanqolia, rogorc infeqcia, rogorc
mzis Casvlis cxeleba, rogorc qoqosis palmis oqrosferi foTlebi...
Tumca raRac aris ucxo da safuZvelSive mcdari iseT sevdasa da
avadmyofurobaSi, rogorsac ingliseli, frangi avtorebi an sxva
qveyanaSi mcxovrebi Cveni mwerlebi aRweren. yovelive dakavSirebulia
sinaTlis da im xalxis bolomde vergagebasTan, visac es Suqi ecema.

es mwerlebi aRweren Cveni jer kidev daumTavrebeli qalaqebis

ampartavnebas, ambiciebs, Tumca karibuli qalaqis mSenebloba SeiZleba
dasruldes iq, sadac is Tavis sakuTar masStabebs daakmayofilebs, iseve,
rogorc karibuli kultura, romelic evoluciis procesSi ki ar aris,
aramed ukve Camoyalibebulia. qalaqis proporciebs verc Camosuli
mogzaurebi gansazRaven da verc emigraciaSi wasulebi, aramed misi
mkvidrni da misive arqiteqtura. aseTi pasuxia saWiro maTi misamarTiT,
vinc gveubneba, rom Tqven jer ar xarT qalaqi da jer ar xarT kultura.
me ara var Tqveni qalaqi da Tqveni kultura. yovelive amis Semdeg
tropikuli sevdac SesaZloa naklebi iyos.

am kaTedridan sixaruliT SemiZlia ganvacxado, rom Cveni miwa da

istoria `bolos da bolos~ scnes. bolos da bolos _ ase hqvia karibize
daweril erT-erT pirvel wigns, romlis avtoria viqtorianeli mogzauri
Carlz kingsli. es gaxlavT antilisa da misi xalxis inglisur
literaturaSi gamoCenis erT-erTi adrindeli mcdeloba.Aarasodes
wamikiTxavs es wigni, magram vfiqrob, misi toni keTilgawyobili iqneba.
antilis arqipelagis Sesaxeb werdnen trolopi da patrik lei-fermorsi,
magram amas ise akeTebdnen, rogorc me aRvwerdi soflis warmodgenas
felisiTiSi, rogorc TanagrZnobiT savse autsaideri, romelic cdilobs,
gaerTos, Tumca sanaxaobis mowonebis miuxedavad distancirebulia,
realurad Sors aris indოelTa soflisagan. SeuZlebelia imis Seyvareba,
rac dafarulia. mogzaurs ver eyvareba, radgan siyvaruli statikuria,
mogzauroba ki moZraobas gulisxmobs. Tu adamiani daubrundeba imas, rac
uyvars, Tu Tavis miwaze darCeba, is aRar iqneba mogzauri, aramed erT
adgilze dasaxlebuli, mobilizebuli da koncentrirebuli, dedamiwis am
nawilze Seyvarebuli adgilobrivi mcxovrebi. bevri ambobs, rom uyvars
karibi, rac imas niSnavs, rom erT mSvenier dRes is inaxulebs am miwas,
8
magram aq arasodes darCeba, ver icxovrebs. es Cveulebrivi mogzauris
Cveulebrivi gancdaa. saukeTeso SemTxvevaSic ki turisti gamvlelad
rCeba. viqtorianulma prozam pativi miago Cvens kunZulebs, Tumca maTi
silamaze Svebulebis damTavrebisTanave daviwyebas mieca.

aleqsis leJe, romlis fsevdonimi sen jon persi iyo, pirveli antileli
gaxldaT, nobelis premia rom daimsaxura poeziaSi. is gvadelupaSi
daibada da werda frangulad, Tumca araferia iseTi sufTa da xalasi
grZnobiT savse, rogorc misi bavSvobisdroindeli leqsebi, roca is
antileli plantaciebis mflobelis privilegirebuli TeTrkaniani Svili
iyo. persis pirvel poetur krebulebSi Pour Feter une Enfance, Eloges da Images
a Crusoe rogorc iqna, SeaRwia pirvelma niavma, palmis xeebis xmebma da
yavis aromativiT datrialda.

karibul genias miesaja, sakuTar Tavs dapirispireboda. SegviZlia vTqvaT,

rom persis gaxsenebiT vixsenebT plantaciebis Zvel sistemas, terasebs da
mulat mosamsaxureebs, frangul enas TeTr tropikul qudSi, mfarvelebis
ritorikasa da qedmaRlobas. perss sakuTari warmomavlobac rom uareyo
_ did mwerlebs xom axasiaTebT erTgvari axireba, miCqmalon sakuTari
warmomavloba _ Cven veRar vityviT masze uars, radgan ukve gvyavs
afrikeli eme sezeri. es ar aris TavSesafari, es poeziis ironiuli
respublikaa. da mainc, rodesac mzis Casvlisas palmebis didi foTlebis
rxevas vuyureb, mgonia, isini perss kiTxuloben xmamaRla.

persis keTilsurnelovani, privilegirebuli poezia, romelic poetma

TeTri bavSvobis da felisiTis muqkanian mSvildosnebTan Cawerili
musikis samaxsovrod Seqmna, masSi asaxuli palmebi da antilis ca mec
maRelvebs, imave siamayes vgrZnob leqsebsa da saxeebSi. ratom ar unda
iyos antilis es istoria aseTi RirsSesaniSnavi da mniSvnelovani?
msoflios istoria, romelSic, ra Tqma unda, evropas vgulisxmobT,
tomTaSorisi dapirispirebebisa da eTnikuri wmendis grZeli jaWvia.
rogorc iqna! gamoCnda kunZulebi, romelzec araferi dauweriaT, magram
romelmac sakuTari Tavi dawera. palmebi da muslimuri minareTebi
antiles aRfrTovanebis sagania. rogorc iqna! gvadelupes samefo palmebi
zepirad amboben elegiebs.

mogvianebiT gamosul krebulSi _ Anabase _ persma warmosaxviTi eposis

fragmentebi moagrova _ grandiozuli WiSkari TeTri kbilebiT, unayofo
dablobebi Sxamiani tbebiT da cxenosnebi udabnos qviSis qarebSi, da es
yvelaferi grili karibuli dilis nacvlad. TvalnaTlivia kontrasti
erTi mxriv, felisiTis muqkanian mSvildosan biWebs _ sakralur teqsts
rom unsmenen droSebiT morTul mindorSi, romelic spiloebiTa da
RvTaebebis qandakebebiTaa savse, da meore mxriv, gvadelupeSi mcxovreb
TeTrkanian bavSvs Soris, romelic sakuTari eposis fragmentebs agrovebs
antilis caze, lerwmis mindvrebSi, Tavisi mamulebis etlebidan da
rqosani saqonelidan, bambukis foTlebis kaligrafiidan, iseTi uZvelesi
enebidan, rogoricaa induri, Cinuri, arabuli. ramaianadan anabasisamde,
gvadelupedan trinidadamde arsebuli mTeli arqeologiuri masala
afrikis damxobili samefoebidan, siriidan Tu libanidan miwaSi ki ar
aris mimofantuli, aramed Cvens xmaurian, uwesrigo, ubralo, xalxur
quCebSi.
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sustTvalebiani biWi egeosis yuris livliva wyalze misrialebs. misi
moZraoba, erTi SexedviT, Cveulebrivi qmedeba iliadas da odiseas
mogagonebT. meore bavSvs bambukis mSvildebi miaqvs soflis festivalze,
sxva ki palmebis Srials usmens mzis amosvlisas. swored am xmebidan,
romelic tomobrivi miTologiis fragmentebs Seicavs, persis eposis
SezRuduli eqspedicia iwyeba ise, rom saukuneebi da arqipelagebi
gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris. TiToeuli poetisTvis yovelTvis dilaa am
samyaroSi. istoria daviwyebuli, uZinarobiT datanjuli Ramea. istoria
da stiqiuri TrTolva yovelTvis Cveni sawyisia. poeziis bediswera
samyaros Seyvarebaa istoriuli qartexilebis miuxedavad.

gasagebia zeimis, dResaswaulis namdviloba, warmatebis aRniSvna, rodesac

mwerali im kulturis ganTiadis mowme xdeba, romelmac sakuTari Tavi
unda gamokveTos. TviTgansazRvris amgvar gariJraJs, gansakuTrebiT zRvis
sanapiroze, mzis amoslvis rituali metad Svenis. aseT viTarebaSi
saxelwodeba `antili~ JRers, rogorc kriala wyali. foTlebis,
palmebis, Citebis xma adgilobrivi enis, sufTa dialeqtis bgerebia.
personaluri leqsika, individualuri melodia, romlis sazomi
konkretuli biografiaa, uerTdeba am bgerebs da mTeli sxeuli ise
moZraobs, rogorc mosiarule, axladgamoRviZebuli kunZuli.

ai, amgvari wyaloba aRiniSneba zeimiT, axali ena, axali xalxi... adgili
aqvs SiSnarev morCilebas.

aq me maTi saxiT Tu ara, maTi saxeliT mainc vdgavar, maTi dialqetebis

saxeliTac, romlebic ise gamoicvales, rogorc xe icvlis foTlebs.
foTlebis saxelebi _ mwvane, drekadi... _ laurier canelles, bois-flot, bois-canot ,
mindvrebis saxelebi _ Fond St. Jacques, Matoonya, Forestier, Roseau, Mahaut an
dacarielebuli sanapiroebis saxelebi L'Anse Ivrogne, Case en Bas, Paradis _
maSin, rodesac yvela simRera da istoria adgilobriv salaparako enazea
da ara frangulad.

zogierTi ise aRizarda, rom paralelurad ori ena esmoda _ xeebis ena
da im skolis ena, sadac bavSvebs inglisurad unda daeswavlaT:

I am monarch of all I survey,

My right there is none to dispute;
From the centre all round to the sea
I am lord of the fowl and the brute.
Oh, solitude! where are the charms
That sages have seen in thy face?
Better dwell in the midst of alarms,
Than reign in this horrible place ...

[me var yvelafris mbrZanebeli, rasac Cemi Tvali swvdeba,

aravis SeuZlia Cemi ufleba sadavo gaxados;
centridan moyolebuli zRvis CaTvliT
var frinvelebisa da cxovelebis batoni.
10
o, martoobav! sad aris momxibvleloba,
brZenkacebma rom naxes SenSi?
sjobs brZolis gangaSSi yofna
am saSineli adgilis marTvas...]

maSin, roca sofleli gogona saxelad senseni xelnakeTi violinos, Cak-

Cakisa da Txis tyavisgan gakeTebuli dasartyami instrumentis TanxlebiT
imave sazomis simReras mReroda:

Si m wen di 'ous ça fait m wen la peine

'Ous kai dire ça vrai.
rom meTqva, es tkivils maniWebs-meTqi,
metyodi, marTaliao.

Si m wen di 'ous ça pentetrait m wen

'Ous peut dire ça vrai
rom meTqva, Cemi guli gangmire-meTqi,
metyodi, marTaliao.

Ces mamailles actuellement

Pas ka faire l 'amour z'autres pour un rien.
dRes aRaravis uyvardeba erTmaneTi

arafris gamo.

es istoria mzis amosvliT ver gaqreba, radgan is TviT antilis

geografiaSi, mis mcenareebSia fesvgadgmuli. zRva tiris da Relavs
afrikidan wamoyvanili milionobiT adamianis gamo, romlebic evropidan
amerikaSi gadahyavdaT da tyveebad hyiddnen, rasac aborigeni mosaxleobis
umowyalod xocva emateboda. zRvis moqcevasac ki ar ZaluZs afrikuli
xsovnis amoSla. Saqris lerwmebi, rogorc datyvevebuli azielebis
STamomavlebis _ fesiliTis mosaxleobis mwvane cixe, kvlav emsaxureba
dros.

ai, ras vkiTxulobdi Cemi pataraobidan, im periodidan, rodesac

gansakuTrebuli mondomebiT daviwye leqsebis wera. xismWrelebis
muqwiTeli xeebi, daTxupnuli saxe, naxSiris sanTurebi, kaci mxarze
jvaredinad gadakidebuli xmliT, romelic sanapiroze dgas xakisfer
usaxelo ZaRlTan erTad; meores Tbili tansacmeli Caucvia diliT,
radgan roca adga, jer kidev bneloda da cioda, da wavida Tavis baRSi
maRlobze, romelic milebiTaa misi saxlidan dacilebuli. aRarafers
vambob meTevzeebze, laqiebze, sul rom oxraven ukmayofilod, dRes
afrikuli fragmentebi TavisTavadobiT, mxolod odnav saxecvlili,
kunZulebSia fesvgadgmuli. es adamianebi wera-kiTxvis ucodinrebi arian
iseve, rogorc foTlebi. maT ar ician kiTxva, sxvam unda waikiTxos isini

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da Tu srulyofilad waikiTxaven, dainaxaven, rom es xalxi sakuTar
literaturas qmnis.

Tumca Cvens turistul broSurebSi karibi cisferi auzia, romelSic

respublika Tavisuflad aqanavebs floridis gamoSveril fexebs, rogorc
gaberili rezinis kunZulebs. ai, rogor yidian kunZulebi TavianT Tavs
gamouvalobis sircxvilisagan. es aris identobis sezonuri rRveva. es
mxiaruli gameoreba erTi da igive tipis momsaxurebisa, romelsac ver
ganasxvaveb kunZulidan kunZulze gadasvlisas, gemebis dabinZurebuli
sadgomebi, miwa, romelzec ministrebi marTaven molaparakebebs. yovelive
amas Tan axlavs bednieri saaTis musika da Rimili. ras niSnavs miwieri
samoTxe aq CamomsvlelTaTvis? ori kvira wvimis gareSe da mahagonis
ruji. mzis Casvlisas ki adgilobrivi momRerlebi Calis qudebiTa da
yvavilebiani perangebiT ukanaskneli Zalebis gamolevamde imRereben
`yviTel Cits~ da `navis simReras~. es ufro farTo teritoriaa, vidre
rukazea SemosazRvruli _ usazRvro zRva da yvelaferi is, rac mas
axsovs.

mTeli antili, misi TiToeuli kunZuli xsovnis, maxsovrobis Zalisxmevaa.

yoveli naazrevi, yoveli rasis biografia daviwyebis burusiTaa moculi.
mzis Suqi alag-alag moCans nislSi da uecrad gaCenil cisartyelebs
Soris. es sinaTle im antilelebis warmosaxvis Zalisxmevas mogagonebT,
romlebmac xelaxla, rudunebiT aRmarTes RmerTebi bambukebisgan.

arus kunZulebis ukansvla antilis istoriis Camongreuli Weria. da

usafrTxo daavadeba, riTac turizmma SeiZleba daaavados kunZulis
yvela xalxi ara TandaTanobiT, aramed warmoudgeneli siswrafiT, vidre
guanoTi gaTeTrebuli TiToeuli natexi kldisa TeTr sastumrod,
progresis TaRad ar gadaiqceva.

sanam yvelaferi ar gamqrala, sanam ramdenime xeivani SenarCunebulia,

sanam winsvla da ganviTareba yvela xelovans anTropologistad da
folkloristad ar aqcevs, jer kidev arsebobs adgilebi, romlebsac
movla-patronoba sWirdeba. isini ar warmoadgenen ideebis eqos, jer ar
emuqrebaT cvlilebebis safrTxe. es gaxlavT ara nostalgiuri xedebi,
aramed Semofargluli siwmindeebi, iseTive ubralo, rogorc mzis Suqi.
iSviaTi silamazis adgilebs emuqrebaT proza, buldozeriT gadaTxra,
nuSis xeebs _ topografis sazomiT gadazomva, mTis dafnas _ daavadeba.

ukanaskneli epitafia: sufrieris gareubanSi, mindorSi didi eklesiis

qvaa. gorakebs saxlebi TiTqos yavisfer mdinaresTan miuyriaT, mze
irekleba priala foTlebze. ar SeiZleba aq investicia Cado da es
adgili gadaylapo, misi xsovna mospo. kviraobiT afrikeli bavSvebi
Cveulebrivi betonis kibeebiT Camodian eklesiaSi. bananis foTlebi
brwyinavs. ezoSi soflis bostneuli iyideba, moxuci qali barbaciT
midis taZris Sesasvlelisken. es is adgilia, sadac namdvili freska
daixateboda, SesaZloa arc iseTi mniSvnelovani, magram naRdi rwmeniT,
rukisa da istoriis gareSe.

ra swrafad SeiZleba gaqres es yvelaferi?! raRac gvibiZgebs, wavideT

iqiT, sadac vimedovnebT, rom aris xeluxlebeli adgilebi, idumali
12
simwvane sadRac, dangreuli gzis bolos, aris xeluxlebeli sanapiroebi
ubralo meTevzeebiT da ara sastumroebiT, misi mkvidri mosaxleobisTvis
karibi ar aris idiliis adgili. am miwidan isini organulad iReben
mamoZravebel Zalas, energias, rogorc xeebi. aqauri glexebi da
meTevzeebi imisTvis ki ar arian aq, rom Segiyvardes isini an suraTi
gadauRo maT. glexebi arian danamuli, gaoflili xeebi, romelTa qerqi
gajerebulia mariliT. Tumca yoveldRe romelime kunZulze biznesmenebs
did gadasaxadebs akisreben da amasTan, zRvas, pikantur dafnasa da
mTebze Sefenil fesvian xeebs abinZureben. SesaZloa erT mSvenier dilas
mTavrobam ikiTxos, ra mouvida ara mxolod tyeebsa da yureebs, aramed
antilis mTel xalxso.

ai, aq arian, isev dabrundnen saxeebi, korumpirebuli angelozebi,

gadaglesili Savi kaniTa da sixarulisgan gafarToebuli, TeTri
TvalebiT. aseTive anTebuli Tvalebi hqondaT ramleelas monawile
aziel bavSvebsac; ori sxvadasxva religia, ori sxvadasxva kontinenti,
orive avsebs guls tkiviliT, romelic sixarulia.

magram ra aris sixaruli SiSis gareSe? egoizmiT, TamoyvareobiT

gamowveuli SiSi, roca aq msoflio yuradRebis centrSi var moqceuli me
da ara isini, msurs, maTi ubralo, primitiuli sixaruli dauzianeblad
movitano Tqvenamde ara imitom, rom is zedmetad naivuria, aramed imitom,
rom namdvilia. is iseTive naRdia, rogorc persma gaigona mcire aziaze
dawerili sakuTari eposis fragmentebi moSriale palmebSi, rom aziis
SuagulSi warmosaxvebi xetialoben, romlebic Cveni modgmis koleqtiur
maxsovrobas upirispirdebian. es sixaruli iseTive namvilia, rogorc im
patara biWis kmayofileba, bambukis mSvilds rom isroda felisiTis
droSebiT morTul mindorSi. axlac iseTive siamovnebismomgvrelia
sixaruli da iseTive kurTxeulia SiSi, rogorc patara biWisa, Tavisi
saxelmZRvanelo rom gadaSala, sadac CarCoSi sagangebod gamokveTili
leqsi gaurkvevlobiT kurTxeuli kunZulis mTebis sinaTles Seicavs.

nobelis leqciebidan, literatura 1991-1995, redaqtori sture aleni,

singapuri, 1997.

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