citatebi `poetikidan~

aris xelovnebis zogierTi sxva dargi, romelic iyenebs yvela zemoxsenebul saSualebas: ritms, melodias, metrs. aseTia, magaliTad, diTirambuli poezia da nomebis poezia, tragedia da komedia. xolo isini erTmaneTisgan imiT gansxvavdebian, rom zogierTi maTgani iyenebs uklebliv yvela saSualebas, zogierTi ki mxolod nawilobriv. ai, ra gansxvavebas vgulisxmob me xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargTa Soris, imis mixedviT, Tu ra saSualebebs mimarTaven isini mibaZvisas.

II adamianebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdebian xasiaTis siqveliT Tu biwierebiT, _ amitom mibaZvis Sedegad isini warmogvidgebian an rogorc Cvenze ukeTesni, an uaresni, an iseTni, rogoric Cven varT. aseTive gansxvaveba iarsebebs mibaZvis yvela zemoxsenebul saxeTa Sorisac; TviTeuli maTgani iqneba is, rac aris, da ara sxva rame, swored mibaZvis sagnis mixedviT. aseTive gansxvavebaa komediasa da tragedias Soris: pirvels surs warmogvisaxos uaresni, xolo meores _ ukeTesni, vidre Cveni Tanamedroveni arian. III arsebobs mesame gansxvavebac mibaZvis am saxeTa Soris, saxeldobr, xerxi, romliTac baZavs TviTeuli maTgani. ai, am sami niSniT gansxvavdeba mibaZvis yvela saxe erTmaneTisgan, kerZod, rogorc dasawyisSi aRvniSneT, mibaZvis saSualebiT, sagniT da xerxiT. IV rogorc Cans, poeturi xelovnebis warmoSoba, saerTod, orma bunebrivma mizezma ganapiroba. jer erTi, mibaZva bavSvobidanve Tandayolili Tvisebaa adamianebisa, romlebic danarCeni cxovelebisagan imiT gansxvavdebian, rom yvelaze met midrekilebas

amJRavneben mibaZvisadmi. swored mibaZvis wyalobiT iZenen isini pirveldawyebiT codnas. meorec, mibaZvis nayofi yvelas siamovnebas hgvris. amas gvimowmebs Cveni yoveldRiuri gamocdileba. yvelaze Rirseulma poetebma daiwyes keTil qmedebaTa da keTilmoqmed kacTa mibaZva, nakleb Rirseulebma ki ukeTur kacTa qmedebani gaixades mibaZvis sagnad. tragediis, iseve rogorc komediis sawyisi improvizaciaa, radgan pirveli diTirambebis eqsarqontTagan iRebs dasabams, xolo meore _ falikuri simRerebis eqsarqontebisagan.

esqile iyo pirveli tragikosi, romelmac erTis nacvlad ori msaxiobi Semoiyvana scenaze; manve Seamcira qoros partia da arsebiTi mniSvneloba mianiWa dialogs. sofoklem samamde gazarda msaxiobebis ricxvi da mxatvrulad gaaforma scena.

V rogorc aRvniSneT, komedia biwier kacTa mibaZvaa, magram is baZavs ara mTels maT biwierebas, aramed mxolod zogierT im nakls, romelSiac sasacilo samarcxvinos nawilad gvevlineba. xolo sasacilo erTgvari Secdomaa, an kidev garegani Tu Sinagani mankiereba, romelic aravis ar ayenebs tkivils an momakvdinebel vnebas. tragedia cdilobs, ramdenadac es SesaZloa, mTeli Tavisi moqmedeba mzis erTi sadReRamiso moqcevis periodiT Semofarglos, an rac SeiZleba mciredi xniT gadascdes am sazRvars, epopea ki gansazRvruli ar aris droiT. VI tragedia aris seriozuli, dasrulebuli da garkveuli ganzomilebis mqone moqmedebis mibaZva kazmuli sityviT, romlis sxvadasxva nawilic sxvadasxvagvarad aris Semkuli; mibaZva, romelic Txrobis ki ara, moqmedebis meSveobiT xorcieldeba da romelic sibralulisa Tu SiSis gamowvevis gziT amgvar vnebaTagan ganwmendas aRwevs. raki mibaZva moqmedebis meSveobiT xorcieldeba, amitom, aucileblobis ZaliT, tragediis pirveli Semadgeneli nawili iqneba speqtaklis mxatvruli gaformeba, xolo Semdeg _ musikaluri kompozicia da mxatvruli stili. radgan tragedia swored am saSualebebiT axdens mibaZvas. raki tragedia moqmedebis mibaZvaa da raki moqmedeba TavisTavad gulisxmobs moqmed pirT, romelTac aucileblad unda gaaCndeT sakuTari raoba xasiaTisa Tu azrovnebis unaris mixedviT (vinaidan swored maTi wyalobiT ganvsazRvravT Cven ama Tu im moqmedebis raobasac), _ amitom moqmedebas ori bunebrivi mizezi aqvs: azrovneba da xasiaTi, romlebic ganapirobeben yvela moqmedis warmatebas Tu warumateblobas. moqmedebis mibaZva aris fabula. fabulas me vuwodeb faqtebisa da movlenebis saerTo qargas. xasiaTi aris is, rac gansazRvravs moqmedTa meobas, xolo azrovnebas me vuwodeb unars, romlis wyalobiTac Tanamosaubreni raimes umtkiceben erTimeores, an ubralod, TavianT azrebs gamoTqvamen. amrigad, tragedias aucileblad unda hqondes eqvsi nawili, romlebic gansazRvraven mTels mis raobas. es nawilebia: fabula, xasiaTebi, azrovneba, speqtaklis mxatvruli gaformeba,

stili da musikaluri kompozicia. amaTgan mibaZvis saSualebebs miekuTvneba ori nawili, xerxs _ erTi, xolo sagans _ sami nawili. am nawilTagan yvelaze mniSvnelovania moqmedebaTa saerTo qarga, radgan tragedia ara marto kacTa mibaZvaa, aramed maTi qmediTobisa da sicocxlis, maTi bednierebisa da ubedurebis mibaZvac aris, xolo bednierebac da ubedurebac moqmedebaSi vlindeba. amitom tragediis mizani sakuTriv moqmedebis raobaa da ara moqmedebis ubralo unaris Cveneba. TavianTi xasiaTis mixedviT adamianebi ama Tu im Tvisebis mqoneni arian, xolo moqmedebis mixedviT _ bednierni an ubedurni. ai, ratomaa, rom poetebi uSualod xasiaTebs ki ar gvixataven, aramed _ moqmedebas, xolo moqmedebis asaxviT xasiaTebsac warmosaxaven. ase rom, tragediis mizani sxva ara aris ra, Tu ara moqmedeba da fibula, xolo mizani yvelaze ufro arsebiTia. egec ar iyos, moqmedebis gareSe tragedia ukve aRar iqneboda tragedia, maSin rodesac xasiaTebis gareSe is mainc inarCunebs Tavis raobas. Cvens sulebze yvelaze mZafr zemoqmedebas tragedia swored fabulis nawilebiT _ peripetiebiTa da gamocnobebiT axdens. amrigad, tragediis sawyisi da, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas, misi suli aris fibula. meore adgili ekuTvnis xasiaTebs, vinaidan tragedia moqmedebis mibaZvaa, xolo am mibaZvis wyalobiT is, upirveles yovlisa, moqmed pirT baZavs. tragediis mesame nawili azrovnebaa. azrovneba niSnavs amtkico is, rac saqmis arss exeba da esatyviseba. xasiaTi aris is, raSic nebis swrafva vlindeba. azrovneba sxva ara aris ra, Tu ara unari, romlis wyalobiTac risame arsebobas Tu ararsebobas amtkiceben, an, saerTod, gamosTqvamen rasme. tragediis meoTxe nawilia stili, rogorc ukve vTqviT, stili aris azris sityvieri gamoxatuleba. mexuTe _ musikaluri kompozicia _ tragediis umniSvnelovanesi samkaulia. xolo speqtaklis mxatvruli gaformeba, Cvens sulebze mTeli Tavisi zemoqmedebis miuxedavad, Zalze Sors dgas xelovnebisgan da, amdenad, poetikis gareT rCeba, vinaidan tragedia yovelgvari Sejibrisa Tu msaxiobTa

xelovnebis gareSec inarCunebs Tavis Zalmosilebas. egec ar iyos, speqtaklis mxatvruli gaformeba ufro dekoratoris saqmea vidre poetis. VII yovelive amis gansazRvris Semdeg isic vTqvaT, rogori unda iyos moqmedebaTa saerTo qarga, vinaidan yvelaze mTavari da arsebiTi swore des aris tragediaSi. Rogorc aRvniSneT, tragedia dasrulebuli, mTliani da garkveuli ganzomilebis mqone moqmedebis mibaZvaa. mTeli ki aris is, rasac aqvs dasawyisi, saSuali da dasasruli. dasawyisi aris is, rac aucileblobis gamo sxvas ki ar misdevs, piriqiT, bunebrivi Tanmimdevrobis Tanaxmad, TviT mas mosdevs an mis Semdeg xdeba sxva rame. amisda sapirispirod, dasasruli aris is, rac aucileblobis ZaliT yovelTvis sxvas mosdevs, sxvis Semdegaa, TviTon mas ki aRaraferi aRar mosdevs. da bolos, saSuali aris is, rac erTis mxriv, sxva rasme mosdevs, xolo meores mxriv, win uswrebs sxvas. ase rom, kargad gamarTuli yvela fibula, TviTneburad, saidanme ki ar unda iwyebodes da, aseve TviTneburad, sadme ki ar unda wydebodes, arames zemoT motanil gansazRvrebebs unda emorCilebodes aucileblad. mSveniereba xom sididesa da wesrigSi vlindeba. amitom ar SeiZleba mSvenieri iyos metismetad patara arseba, vinaidan mzeriT misi aRqma TiTqmis SeuZlebelia, _ an metismetad didi, vinaidan, Tu davuSvebT, rom am arsebis sigrZe SeiZleba aTi aTas stadions aRwevdes, maSin mas mTlianad ki ver aRviqvamT, aramed, mxolod danawevrebulad, mxolod nawil-nawil, da, amrigad, Cveni mzerisaTvis miuwvdomeli darCeba misi erToba da mTlianoba. maSasadame, rogorc suldgmul arsebebs da usulo sagnebs unda hqondeT advilad aRsaqmeli sidide, ise fabulebsac unda hqondeT garkveuli sigrZe, romelic advilad dasamaxsovrebeli unda iyos. Tavisi sididiT yovelTvis umjobesia fibula, romelSiac moqmedebis ganviTareba saTanado sicxademdea miyvanili. an, ufro martivad gansazRvris mizniT, Cven vityviT, rom sakmarisia is sidide, romlis farglebSiac, albaTobisa Tu aucileblobis Tanaxmad movlenaTa Tanmimdevruli msvlelobis gziT ubedureba SeiZleba bednierebaSi gadaizardos, anda, piruku, bedniereba _ ubedurebaSi. VIII raki mimbaZvelobiTi xelovnebis yvela sxva dargSi erToblivi mibaZva erTis mibaZvaa, amitom fabulac, romelic moqmedebas baZavs, erTi da, amasTan, mTliani moqmedebis

mibaZva unda iyos; moqmedebis nawilebi ki ise unda erwymodnen erTmaneTs, rom erTerTi maTganis gadaadgileba an amoReba mTelis cvlilebasa da gadasxvaferebas unda iwvevdes, xolo is, risi mimateba an gamokleba arafers ar cvlis, mTelis organul nawilad ver CaiTvleba. IX poetma imaze ki ar unda ilaparakos, rac sinamdvileSi moxda, aramed imaze, rac SeiZleboda momxdariyo da, maSasadame, rac albaTobisa Tu aucileblobis mixedviTaa SesaZlebeli. poeti da istorikosi erTmaneTisgan swored imiT gansxvavdebian, rom istorikosi sinamdvileSi momxdar ambebs gadmogvcems, poeti ki imas, rac SeiZleboda momxdaiyo. amitom poezia ufro filosofiuria da seriozuli, vidre istoria. poeziis sagania ufro zogadia, xolo istoriisa calkeuli. Cven ara gvjera, rom SesaZlebelia is, rac jer kidev ar momxdara, xolo is, rac ukve moxda, raTqmaunda, SesaZlebelia. vinaidan SeuZlebeli rom yofiliyo, arc moxdeboda. martiv fabulaTa da moqmedebaTa Soris yvelaze uaresi epizoduri fabulebi da moqmedebebia. epizodurs me vuwodeb iseT fabulas, romelSiac epizodebi yovelgvari albaTobisa Tu aucileblobis gareSe misdeven erTmaneTs. tragedia ara marto dasrulebuli, aramed SiSisa Tu sibralulis aRmZvreli moqmedebis

mibaZvac aris. xolo am grZnobebs moqmedeba metwolad aRZravs maSin, roca moulodmenad xdeba, ufro metad ki maSin, roca ara marto moulodnelad, aramed garemoebaTa urTierTganpirobebulobis Sedegad xdeba. am dros gancvifreba ufro didi iqneba, vidre im SemTxvevaSi, raime rom TavisTavad an sruliad SemTxveviT momxdariyo, vinaidan SemTxveviTTagan yvelaze gansacvifrebeli swored is aris, rac SeiZleba ganzrax momxdari egonos kacs. X zogierTi fabula martivia, zogierTi ki daxlarTuli, vinaidan aseTia is moqmedebebic, romelTa mibaZvebsac fabulebi warmoadgenen. martivs, weRandeli gansazRvrisamebr, me vuwodeb iseT uwyvetsa da erTobliv moqmedebas, romelSiac cvalebadoba peripetiisa da gamocnobis gareSe xdeba, xolo daxlarTuls _ iseT moqmedebas, romelSiac cvalebadoba gamocnobis an peripetiis, an kidev, erTdroulad, orive maTganis meSveobiT xorcieldeba. yovelive es fabulis agebulebidan unda gamomdinareobdes, magram ise ki, rom uwin momxdarisagan

aucileblobisa Tu albaTobis mixedviT iRebdes dasabams, vinaidan marTlac didi gansxvavebaa _ erTi ram meoris Sedegad xdeba, Tu, ubralod, meoris Semdeg. XI peripetia aris moqmedebis gadasvla mis sapirispiro moqmedebaSi, da Tanac, iseTi gadasvla, romelic, Cveni mtkicebisamebr, albaTobisa Tu aucileblobis mixedviT xdeba. gamocnoba, rogorc TviT saxelwodeba gviCvenebs, sxva ara aris ra, Tu ara arcodnidan codnaze, an kidev megobrobidan mtrobaze gadasvla; me vgulisxmob imaT gadasvlas, visac gangebam bedniereba an ubedureba arguna wilad. yvelaze ukeTesi gamocnoba is gamocnbaa, romelic peripetiebis TanxlebiT xdeba. aseTi gamocnoba gamoyenebulia, magaliTad, `oidipos mefeSi~. amgvari gamocnoba uTuod gamoiwvevs sibraluls an SiSs, xolo tragedia, rogorc gavarkvieT, swored amnairi moqmedebis mibaZvaa. egec ar iyos, amgvar gamocnobasve mosdevs bednierebac da ubedurebac. XII moculobisa da danayofebis mixedviT mas Semdegi nawilebi aqvs: prologi, episodioni, eqsodosi da qorikoni, romelSiac, Tavis mxriv, Semdegi ori nawili gamoiyofa: parodosi da stasimoni. es ori nawili saerToa yvela qorikonisaTvis, xolo komosebi da simRerebi scenidan martooden zogierTi qorikonis kuTvlinebaa. prologi aris tragediis mTliani nawili qoros gamosvlamde; episodioni aris tragediis mTliani nawili, romelic CarTulia qoros mTlian sagalobelTa Soris; eqsodosi aris tragediis mTliani nawili, romelsac qoros galoba aRar mosdevs; rac Seexeba qorikonis nawilebs, parodosi aris qoros pirveli mTliani sityva, stasimoni _ qoros galoba uanapestod da utroqeod, xolo komosi _ qorosa da msaxiobTa saerTo godeba. XIII raki saukeTeso tragedia Tavisi SedgenilobiT martivi ki ar unda iyos, aramed rTuli da, amasTan SiSisa da sibralulis aRmZvreli moqmedebis mibaZvas unda warmoadgendes (vinaidan swored esaa mimbaZvelobiTi xelovnebis am dargis Tavisebureba), amitom, rasakvirvelia, arc keTili kaci unda iqnes warmodgenili rogorc bednierebidan ubedurebaSi gadamavali, radgan es SiSisa da sibralulis aRmZvreli ki ar aris, aramed aRmaSfoTebeli, da arc ukeTuri _ rogorc ubedurebidan bednierebaSi gadamavali, vinaidan es yvelaze nakleb fabulas ori nawili aqvs: peripetia da gamocnoba. mesame nawilia tanjva. tanjva iseTi moqmedebaa, romelic sikvdils an sastik tkivils iwvevs.

tragikulia, raki amnair tragedias ar gaaCnia araferi, rac misTvis saWiroa, ese igi is, rac iwvevs kacTmoyvareobis, SiSisa Tu sibralulis grZnobas. da bolos, arc yovlad uvargisi kaci unda vardebodes bednierebidan ubedurebaSi, vinaidan ase agebuli fibula kacTmoyvareobis grZnobas ki aRZravda CvenSi, magram ver gamoiwvevda verc sibraluls da verc SiSs. da marTlac, sibraluli Cven aRgveZvris imis mimarT, visac daumsaxureblad atydeba Tavze ubedureba, xolo SiSi _ Cvenive msgavsis mimarT. maSasadame, amnairi SemTxveva ver gamoiwvevs verc sibraluls da verc SiSs. ase rom, rCeba mxolod kaci, romelsac saSualo adgili uWiravs zemoCamoTvlilTa Soris. xolo aseTia is, vinc gansakuTrebuli siqveliTa da samarTlianobiT ar gamoirCeva da visac ubedureba sakuTari simdablisa da ukeTurebis gamo ki ar atydeba Tavze, aramed ama Tu im Secdomis gamo, TumcaRa uwin sayovelTao pativiscemiT garemosili da didad bednieri iyo... amrigad, aucilebelia, rom kargad gamarTuli yvela fibula umal martivi iyos, vidre rTuli, anu ormagi, rogorc amtkicebs zogierTi, da rom mas ubedurebidan bednierebaSi ki ar gadavyavdeT, aramed bednierebidan ubedurebaSi, da Tanac ara gmiris ukeTurebis, aramed misi miutevebeli Secdomis gamo; xolo es gmiri zedmiwevniT unda hgavdes zemoT aRwerils, an, umal, ukeTesi unda iyos, vinem uaresi. XIV SiSisa da sibralulis grZnoba SeiZleba speqtaklis mxatvrulma gaformebam aRZras CvenSi, magram mas TviT fabulis zogadi qargac iwvevs, rac upirvelesi Rirseba da WeSmariti poetis niSani aris. fabula ise unda iyos agebuli, rom masSi gadmocemuli ambavi scenaze warmodgenis gareSec aZrwunebdes da sibraluliT avsebdes mkiTxvels. es gancda daeufleba yvelas, vinc oidiposis ambavs moismens. raki poets marTebs mibaZvis gziT gavniWebdes siamovnebas, romelic SiSisa da sibralulisgan unda gamomdinareobdes, amitom, cxadia, TviT tragediis fibula am grZnobebiT unda iyos gamsWvaluli. maS, vikvlioT, romeli moqmedeba iwvevs SiSs da romeli _ sibraluls. yvela es moqmedeba aucileblad unda xdebodes erTurTis mimarT an mtrulad, an moyvrulad, an arc mtrulad da arc moyvrulad ganwyobil pirTa Soris. ukeTu mteri stanjavs mters, maSin misi moqmedeba anda zraxva ki ar iwvevs CvenSi sibraluls, aramed TviT tanjva TavisTavad. igive iTqmis im SemTxvevaSic, roca aseve iqcevian erTurTis mimarT arc mtrulad da arc moyvrulad ganwyobili pirni. magram rodesac moyvasi stanjavs moyvass, ase magaliTad, roca Zma hklavs Zmas, Svili _ mamas, deda _ Svils, Svili _ dedas da a. S., an apirebs mokvlas, an raime amis msgavss sCadis _ ai, ras unda eZiebdes poeti miTSi.

Cvenamde gadmocemiT moRweuli miTebis Secvla ar SeiZleba. aucilebelia Caidino an ar Caidino danaSauli, da, Tanac, _ Segnebulad an Seugneblad. am moqmedebaTagan yvelaze uaresi isaa, roca gmiri Segnebulad apirebs danaSaulis Cadenas, magram ar sCadis, es gulSemzaravia, magram ara tragukuli, vinaidan aq gamoricxulia tanjvis moment. yvelaze ukeTesi mainc isaa, roca gmiri Seugneblad, ucodinarobis gamo sCadis danaSauls, xolo gamocnoba danaSaulis Cadenis Semdeg xdeba, vinaidan aq araferia gulSemzaravi, gamocnoba ki SemaZrwunebel

STabeWdilebas axdens. XV rac Seexeba xasiaTebs, aris oTxi piroba, romelsac unda viTvaliswinebdeT: pirveli da yvelaze arsebiTi is gaxlavT, rom xasiaTi keTilSobiluri iyos. moqmed pirs xasiaTi aqvs, Tu ki, rogorc zemoT iTqva, misi sityva an qceva cxadyofs, rom is raRacas irCevs, xolo xasiaTis keTilSobilebas arCevanis keTilSobiluroba ganapirobebs. meore piroba isaa, rom xasiaTi Sesaferisi iyos. mesame pirobis Tanaxmad, xasiaTi marTali unda iyos. da bolos, meoTxe pirobis Tanaxmad, xasiaTi Tanmimdevruli unda iyos. xasiaTebSi, iseve rogorc moqmedebaTa qargaSi, yovelTvis unda veZebdeT albaTobas da aucileblobas, raTa esa da es ambobdes an akeTebdes amas da amas aucileblobisa Tu albaTobis mixedviT, da raTa erTi ram xdebodes meoris Semdeg isev da isev aucileblobisa Tu albaTobis mixedviT. fabulis gaxsna TviT fabulidan unda gamomdinareobdes, TviT fabuliT unda xdebodes da ara manqanis saSualebiT, rogorc magaliTad, `medeaSi~... moqmedebaSi araferi unda iyos alogikuri, an, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, is tragediis gareT unda darCes, rogorc magaliTad, sofokles `oidiposSi~. rakiRa tragedia ukeTes kacTa asaxvaa, amitom is karg portretistebs unda baZavdes: visime portrets rom qmnian, es ukanasknelni martooden msgavsebis gadmocemiT ki ar kmayofildebian, aramed lamazadac gvixataven mas. XVI pirveli da yvelaze nakleb ostaturi saxe, romelsac gamouvali mdgomareobidan Tavis daRwevis mizniT mimarTaven, _ esaa gamocnoba garegnuli niSnebis saSualebiT.

yvelaze nakleb ostaturia gamocnoba, romelic dajerebis gulisTvis xdeba, iseve rogorc yvela sxva amgvari gamocnoba saerTod. ukeTesia gamocnoba, romelic peripetiidan gamomdinareobs.

meore saxis gamocnoba TviT poetis mier aris gamogonili da, amdenad, nakleb ostaturia. mesamea gamocnoba mogonebis saSualebiT, roca ama Tu im sagnis xilva raime grZnobas iwvevs meoTxe saxis gamocnoba daskvnis saSualebiT xdeba. arsebobs egreTwodebuli rTuli gamocnobac, romelic mayurebelTa dafuZnebuli. yvelaze ukeTesi gamocnoba mainc uSualod moqmedebidan gamomdinare gamocnobaa, am dros mayureblis gancvifrebas movlenaTa bunebrivi ganviTareba iwvevs. mxolod amgvari gamocnoba xdeba xelovnuri niSnebis gareSe. meore adgili ekuTvnis gaocnobas daskvnis saSualebiT. mcdar daskvnazea

XVII fabulebis agebis da maTi stilisturi damuSavebis dros poets Tvalwin unda edgas yvelaferi, razedac wers. Semoqmedi mxolod maSin miakvlevs imas, risi mikvlevac marTebs dam is Tvals mxolod maSin ar gamoepareba Sinagani winaaRmdegobani, roca yvelafers ise cxadad iTvaliswinebs, TiTqos mis mier aRwerili ambebis TviTmxilveli iyos. ramdenadac SesaZloa, poets naTlad unda hqondes warmodgenili gmirTa gancdebic. ama Tu im gancdis gadmocemisas yvelaze damajerebelia is, vinc TviTonac gulSeZrulia amave grZnobiT. gvaRelvebs is, vinc TviTonac Relavs, xolo Cvens risxvas iwvevs risxviT gulanTebuli. amitom poezia maRalniWier da RvTaebrivi siSmagiT Sepyrobil kacTa saufloa, vinaidan pirvelT gardasaxvis Zali SeswevT, xolo meoreT _ aRtkinebis, aRfrTovanebis. XVIII yovel tragediaSi ori nawili gamoiyofa: gaskvna da gaxsna. pirveli Cveulebriv moicavs movlenebs, romlebic dramis gareTaa da zog rasme iqidan, rac sakuTriv dramaSi Sedis, xolo meore _ yovelive sxva danarCens. gaskvnas me vuwodeb im nawils, romelic grZeldeba dasawyisidan gardatexis momentamde, saidanac bednierebidan _ ubedurebaSi, an, piruku, ubedurebidan bednierebaSi gadasvla xdeba, xolo gaxsnas _ im nawils, romelic gardatexis momentiT iwyeba da dasasrulamde midis.

arsebobs tragediis oTxi saxeoba, ese igi, imdeni, ramdeni nawilic zemoT aRiniSna: kerZod, daxlarTuli tragedia, romelSiac yvelaferi peripetiasa da gamocnobazea dafuZnebuli; paTetikuri tragedia, rogorc magaliTad `aiantebi~ da `iqsionebi~; xasiaTebis tragedia, rogprc magaliTad, `fTiotidebi~ da `pelevsi~, da bolos, fantastikuri tragedia, rogorc magaliTad, `forkidebi~, `promeTe~ da sxva misTanani, romelTa moqmedebac hadesSi xdeba.

poeti, uwinares yovlisa, unda cdilobdes imas, rom misi qmnileba yvela am saxeobas aerTianebdes, an, Tu yvelas ara, umTavres da umravles saxeebs mainc. SesaZloa, ufro marTebulad moviqceviT, Tu tragediaTa msgavsebas an aramsgavsebas fabulebis mixedviT ki ar ganvsazRvravT, aramed gaskvnisa da gaxsnis mixedviT. veridoT tragediaSi eposiseburi kompoziciis gamoyenebas. Eposiseburs me vuwodeb mravalfabulian qmnilebas; mizani miRweulad iTvleba maSin, roca, avtoris CanafiqriT, brZeni, magram boroti kaci TviTon rCeba motyuebuli, rogorc magaliTad, sisifosi, anda mamaci, magram usamarTlo kaci marcxdeba. es tragikulicaa da samarTlianic, magram, amave dros, bunebrivic aris, vinaidan, agaTonis Tqmisa ar iyos, `bunebrivia isic, rom bevri ram arabunebrivad xdeba~.

dasasrul, qoro erT-erT msaxiobad unda migvaCndes. is unda iyos mTelis nawili da Tavisi wvlili Sehqondes moqmedebis ganviTarebaSi.

XXII yvelaze arsebiTi mainc metaforebis ostaturad gamoyeneba gaxlavT. mxolod ar SeiZleba amis gadmoReba sxvebisgan. es bunebrivi niWis utyuari niSania, vinaidan srulyofili metaforebis Seqmna msgavsebis arsSi wvdomis unarze metyvelebs. XXIII rac Seexeba TxrobiTsa da sagmiro sazomis mqone poezias, cxadia, rom misi, iseve rogorc tragediis fibula dramatuli da, amasTan, erTi mTliani, dasrulebuli moqmedebis momcveli unda iyos, moqmedebisa, romelsac aqvs dasawyisi, saSuali da dasasruli, raTa man, rogorc mTlianma cocxalma organizmma, misTvis Cveuli siamovneba mogvaniWos. Tavisi kompoziciiT is ar unda hgavdes istorias, romelSiac aucilebelia ara erTi moqmedebis, aramed drois erTi monakveTis asaxva, romlis ganmavlobaSiac xdeba yovelive is, rac SeemTxva erTsa Tu mravals da ris SigniTac calkeuli movlenebi mxolod SemTxveviT ukavSirdebian erTimeores.

XXV

raki poeti, ferwerisa Tu romelic gnebavT sxva Semoqmedis msgavsad, mimbaZvelia, amitom mas marTebs mibaZvis sami saxeobidan erT-erTis mixedviT baZavdes sagnebs: an ise, rogorc isini iyvnen Tu arian , an ise, rogorc isini warmoudgeniaT anda hgoniaT, an kidev ise, rogorc isini unda iyvnen;

Tu xelovneba asaxavs SeuZlebels, rasakvirvelia, cdeba, magram is camde marTalia, Tuki mis mier dasaxul mizans aRwevs, ese igi, Tuki poeti Tavisi qmnilebis ama Tu im nawils ufro mZafri zemoqmedebis Zalas aniWebs.

sofoklem Tqva erTxel: me vxatav adamianebs ise, rogoric isini unda iyvnen, evripide ki ise, rogorc isini ariano. xolo rodesac varkvevT, kargia Tu cudi is, rac vinmem Tqva an qmna, saWiroa davukvirdeT ara marto imas, Tu rogoria es naTqvami an naqmnari _ kargi Tu cudi, aramed imasac, Tu vin aris mTqmeli an mqmneli d avis mimarT, rodis, visTvis an risTvis iTqva an iqmna is, rac iTqva da iqmna.

saerTod, roca poeziismier SeuZlebelze vmsjelobT, yovelTvis unda viTvaliswinebdeT, ras mieltvis poeti _ ukeTess Tu Cveulebrivs. poeziisaTvis umjobesia sarwmuno SeuZlebeli, vinem arasarwmuno SesaZlebeli.

is, rasac alogikurs uwodeben, SesaZloa zogjer arc iyos alogikuri, vinaidan, rogrc zemoT aRvniSneT, `bunebrivia isic, rom bevri ram arabunebrivad xdeba~ amrigad, yovelgvari sayveduri, romelsac poeturi nawarmoebis mimarT gamoTqvamen, xuTi saxisaa: sayveduri SeuZleblis, alogikuris, araeTikuris, winaaRmdegobrivisa da bolos, araxelovnebiseulis gamo.

XXVI poezia, romelic uklebliv yvelafers baZavs, tlanqia da dauxveweli. Semsrulebelni ki, TiTqos SiSoben, rom mayurebeli verafers gaugebs mas, Tuki, Tavis mxriv, cota ram main car waumates speqtakls... eposi, misi damcvelebis azriT, daxvewili gemovnebis mqone msmenelTaTvisaa

gankuTvnili, romelTac ar sWirdebaT araviTari mimika, tragedia ki brbosTvis. amrigad, Tu tragikuri poezia tlanqia, cxadia, is eposze dabla unda idges.

tragedia mimikuri moZraobis gareSec axerxebs sakuTari miznis miRwevas, iseve rogorc epopee, romlis Rirseba-naklovaneba ubralo kiTxviTac cnaurdeba mkiTxvelisaTvis. amrigad, Tu yvela sxva mxriv tragedia eposze maRla dgas, maSin mimika zedmeticaa misTvis.

tragedia ufro cxadia da TvalsaCino rogorc kiTxvis, ise scenaze warmodgenis drosac. egec ar iyos, tragedia eposze maRla dgas imiTac, rom ufro mcire moculobiT aRwevs poeturi xelovnebis mizans, radgan yovelive is, rac ufro Sekrulia, gacilebiT ufro sasiamovno STabeWdilebas axdens, vidre is, rac drois grZel manZilzea gaWimuli da gaWianurebuli.

tragedia eposze ufro mTliania da erTiani. amis sabuTad isic kmara, rom romelic gnebavT epopea SeiZleba ramdenime tragedias daedos safuZvlad.