aristofane 141

aristofane
(daaxl. Zv. w. 448-386)

aristofane dRes erTaderTi avtoria, vinc literaturis istoriaSi Zveli

atikuri komediis saxeliT cnobil mTel `epoqas~ warmogvidgens.
Tavisi drois gamorCeuli komediografosis biografiidan Zalian cota ram
viciT. cnobilia mxolod is, rom aristofane filipes Ze aTeneli iyo. poeti
daaxl. Zv. w. 448 wels dabadebula da sul 40 komedia dauweria. amaTgan 11 komedia
istoriam srulad Semogvinaxa. SemorCenilia, aseve, calkeuli komediebis sa-
Taurebi da mcire fragmentebi. `plutosis~ dadgmis (Zv. w. 388) Semdeg aristofa-
nes vaJs – araross mamis kidev ori komedia warmoudgenia: `kokalosi~ da
`eolosikoni~. varaudoben, rom am komediebis warmodgenis Semdeg aristofanes
didxans aRar ucocxlia da daaxl. Zv. w. 386 wels gardacvlila. rogorc olim-
piodorosi `platonis cxovrebaSi~ wers, poetze platons es epigrama Seuqmnia:

`xelTuqmnel taZars savaned eZebdnen qaritebi didxans,

bolos ipoves kidec – aristofanes suli~.*

cnobilia, rom Zveli komedia literaturuli komediis uZvelesi formaa da is

dionises kultTan kavSirSi Caisaxa. Tavad komediis saxelwodebac dionisur dRe-
saswaulTan dakavSirebuli komosidan modis (komedia _ `komosis simRera~). ko-
mosi mxiaruli msvleloba iyo. misi SezarxoSebuli monawileebi Semxvedrebs
damcinavi da salanZRavi sityvebiT egebebodnen, falosis ganmadidebeli procesia
ki dionises pativsacemad mxiarul da uxams, e. w. falikur simRerebs asrulebda.
meore mxriv, arsebobda farsis saxis xalxuri saxumaro scenebi, mimikuri
TamaSebi, romlebic ukve Seicavda dramatuli warmodgenis Canasaxs. komediis sa-
fuZvelSi swored es ori sxvadasxva sawyisi – inveqtiva (pirovnuli dacinva) da
mimosi (saxumaro scenebis asaxva) – gaerTianda, ramac gansazRvra Tavad Zveli ko-
mediis specifika.
literaturuli komediisTvis fabulis Seqmnas antikuri tradicia siciliel
epiqarmoss miawers, dasrulebuli saxe ki Zvel komedias atikaSi miuRia.
aristofanes Tavisi komediebiT araerTxel gaumarjvia Teatralur Sejibre-
bebze. Zv. w. V saukuneSi komediebi dionises pativsacemad gamarTul dResas-
waulebze idgmeboda: qalaqis anu did dionisiebze, leneebsa da soflis anu mcire
dionisiebze. Cveulebriv, saasparezod xuT komedias warmoadgendnen, magram
peloponesis omis periodSi maTi ricxvi samamde Semcirda. warmodgenebi dRisiT,
Ria cis qveS imarTeboda. komediis dadgmis nebarTvas komediografosi arqontis-
gan iRebda. Tu arqonti dramaturgs gunds miscemda, e. i. mas komediis dadgmis
142 aristofane

ufleba eniWeboda. amis Semdeg arqonti qoregosad, dadgmis organizatorad, ro-

melime mdidar moqalaqes niSnavda. qoregosi amzadebda gunds, zrunavda maT
kostiumebze, scenis dekoraciaze. dramaturgi ki Tavad iyo Tavisi komediis
reJisoric, kompozitoric da qoreografic.
komediaSi sami msaxiobi moqmedebda (iSviaTad SemohyavdaT meoTxe da mexuTe
msaxiobi), statistebis raodenoba ki ar iyo SezRuduli. gundi (qoro) 24 wevris-
gan Sedgeboda da mas korifevsi winamZRolobda. tragediis msgavsad komediaSic
mxolod mamakaci msaxiobebi TamaSobdnen. msaxiobebs farTe karikaturuli niR-
bebi ekeTaT da Wreli samosi ecvaT. isini groteskul kostiumebSi – Ripianebi,
didi tyavis falosebiTa da sqeli ukanalebiT – ganasaxierebdnen kargad cnobil
realur politikosebs, filosofosebs, poetebs, sofistebs, oratorebs, maT
Tanamedrove berZen moqalaqeebs, romlebic TeatrSi mayurebelTa Soris isxdnen
da sakuTar Tavze icinodnen. aristofanes komedias politikur komediasac
uwodeben, radgan masSi bevria miniSneba poetis Tanamedrove politikur Tu so-
cialur viTarebaze, konkretul istoriul pirebze. jer kidev antikurobaSi
aristofanes komediebi aTenis demokratiisa da Tavisuflebis simbolod miiC-
neoda. cnobilia, rom politikosebs ramdenjerme ucdiaT, SeezRudaT Zveli ko-
mediisTvis damaxasiaTebeli daundobeli pirovnuli dacinva, Tumca amas Sedegi
ar mohyolia. aristofane kargad irCevs Tavisi komediis samiznes. is yvelafer
`seriozuls~, `namdvils~ da `wmindas~ komikuris farglebSi aqcevs. amave dros,
realuri Tematika da realuri pirovnebebi Zvel komediaSi paradoqsulad
irealur, fantastikur, zRaprul, absurdul elementebs erwymis.
formis TvalsazrisiT Zveli atikuri komedia met-naklebad erTiania. masSi
ramdenime kompoziciuri elementi gamoiyofa. komedia iwyeba prologiT, sadac
protagonisti axal (xSirad fantastikur) ideas ayenebs, riTac is Zveli ideebis
damcvelT upirispirdeba. prologs mosdevs parodosi – gundis Semosvla. or
dapirispirebul pozicias Soris brZola komediis momdevno nawilSi – agonSi –
imarTeba. am paeqrobaSi, Cveulebriv, protagonisti imarjvebs. Zveli komediis
specifikuri nawilia parabasisi, romelic uSualod komediis moqmedebas ar
ukavSirdeba. aq qoro Tavisi rolidan gamodis da komediis avtoris saxeliT
pirdapir mayurebels mimarTavs. gundi, Cveulebriv, aqtualur politikur Tu
sazogadoebriv problemebze laparakobs. parabasiss mosdevs e. w. episodionebi,
mokle paraleluri scenebi, sadac mTavari personaJisa da misi ideis gamarjvebis
Sedegebia naCvenebi. scenebi qoros simRerebiTa da cekvebiT (intermediebiT) ga-
moiyofa. komediis bolos, eqsodosSi, mTavari gmiris triumfia warmodgenili,
rasac Tan axlavs msaxiobebisa da gundis mxiaruli msvleloba.
pirveli komedia, romelic Zv. w. 427 wels axalbeda aristofanem vinme kalis-
tratosis saxeliT warmoadgina, iyo `m e i n a x e n i~. or weliwadSi dionisiebze
`b a b i l o n e l e b i~ daidga, sadac komediografosis samizne aTenis saSinao da
sagareo politika iyo. es orive komedia mxolod mcire fragmentebis saxiTaa
dRemde SemorCenili.
Cvenamde srulad moRweul komediaTagan yvelaze adrindelia `a q a r -
n e l e b i~ (Zv. w. 425, leneebi), romliTac axalgazrda dramaturgs ukve sax-
elovani komediografosebi, kratinosi da evpolisi daumarcxebia Teatralur
asparezobaSi. am periodSi aTenSi peloponesis omi (Zv. w. 431-404) mZvinvarebs. aT-
ensa da mis mokavSireebs Soris samxedro ganxeTqileba arsebobs: erT mxares ibrZ-
vian atikuri sazRvao kavSiris saxelmwifoebi da peloponeselebi, meore mxares –
spartelebi da misi mokavSireebi. omiT mocul aTenSi usamarTloba da Zalmom-
reoba sufevs. es aiZulebs komediis protagonists, miwaTmoqmed dikeopoliss
(samarTlian moqalaqes) gaugonari, `didi, saSineli saqme~ gaakeTos: mxolod Ta-
visTvis da Tavisi ojaxisTvis dados zavi lakedemonTan. mas am saqmeSi amfiTeosi
aristofane 143

exmareba, romelsac boTlSi Casxmuli Rvinis saxiT moaqvs zavi spartidan. boT-
lidan Rvinis/zavis mosmiT dikeopolisisTvis axali cxovreba iwyeba, sadac aRar
aris omi, SimSili da ubedureba. mSvidobismosurne dikeopoliss aqarnelebi,
aqarnes demis mcxovreblebi (komediis gundi) upirispirdebian. protagonisti maT
arwmunebs, rom omis dawyebis mizezi mxolod mowinaaRmdege mxare ar yofila. ko-
mediaSi xazgasmulia omis periodis aTenuri politikis damaxinjebuli buneba.
garyvnileba da Zaladoba Serwymulia iTifalikuri odomantebis (158 Smd.),
kleonis (379-82) da `kargad SeiaraRebuli~ lamaqosis (592) saxeebSi.
komediis meore nawilSi axlad damyarebuli mSvidobis epizoduri scenebia
warmodgenili, sadac Wamis, smisa da nayofierebis motivebia win wamoweuli. mSvi-
doba warmodgenilia rogorc omis antipodi. omis momxreTa saxiT dikeopoliss
lamaqosi upirispirdeba. komediaSi erTmaneTs cvlis maTi amsaxveli scenebi. erT
mxaresaa lamaqosi – omisTvis mzadeba, samxedro aRWurviloba, samxedro termi-
nebi; meore mxares – dikeopolisi, romelic Rvinis dResaswaulisa da nadimisTvis
emzadeba. lamaqosi samxedro momzadebis enaze laparakobs, dikeopolisi ki –
nadimisTvis mzadebis enaze. erTi brZolaSi midis, meore – sanadimod. lamaqosi
daWrili brundeba, dikeopolisi – naqeifari ori kaxpis TanxlebiT. dikeopo-
lisis xelSia zavi, romelic SeuZlia, visac unda imas gauziaros. omisa da mSvi-
dobis dapirispirebaSi mSvidoba `imarjvebs~, komedia protagonistis triumfiT
sruldeba. magram dapirispireba amjerad dikeopolisis saxeSi Cndeba: imas, rasac
protagonisti omis periodis aTenidan gaurboda, axla Tavadve emsaxureba (amisT-
vis sakmarisi aRmoCndeba Zalauflebis xelSi Cagdeba). komediis pirvel nawilSi
dikeopolisi kicxavs aTenSi `megaruli dekretis~ (romlis mixedviTac aTenelebi
megarelebs aTensa da aTenis imperiis saxelmwifoebTan miaxloebas ukrZalavdnen)
arsebobas, axla ki TviTonac msgavs rames akeTebs: dikeopolisis kerZo bazarSi
vaWrobis ufleba mxolod aTenis mtrebs aqvT. aq aTenelebi aRmoCndnen mega-
relebis msgavs poziciaSi; protagonisti dascinis iseTsave Rarib da sasowark-
veTil glexs, rogoric cota xnis win TviTon iyo (1018-1036). manamde mSvidobis sa-
kiTxis ganxilvaze qalaqi acxadebda uars, amjerad dikeopolisi ambobs uars,
zavi sxvasac gaunawilos (1037-39); adre usamarTlobis msxverpli protagonisti
axla Tavad ganasaxierebs mas. amdenad, dikeopolisi mravali iseTi TvisebiT aRi-
Wurveba, rasac manamde is, rogorc `samarTliani moqalaqe~, amxelda aTenSi. aseT
konteqstSi protagonistis saxelic sasacilo elfers iZens. rogorc Cans, ko-
mediis Sesaval nawilSi dasmuli Teza antiTezis saxes iRebs komediis dasasruls,
rac saerTod damaxasiaTebelia Zveli atikuri komediisTvis.
`m x e d r e b i~ (Zv. w. 424, leneebi) pirveli komediaa, romelic aristofanem
Tavisi saxeliT warmoadgina da gaimarjva kidec. komediaSi gamasxaravebulia
maSindeli aTenis radikaluri demokratiis lideri – demagogi kleoni, romelic
im periodSi Zalian popularuli samxedro da politikuri moRvawe iyo. kleoni
demokratiuli partiis agresiulad ganwyobil frTas xelmZRvanelobda da spar-
tasTan omis gagrZelebis momxre iyo. cnobilia, rom kleonma `babilonelebis~
dadgmis Semdeg sasamarTloSi erTxel ukve uCivla aristofanes da aTenis sax-
elmwifos avtoritetis damcirebaSi dasdo brali. gadis ramdenime weli da mxe-
drebSi aristofane isev ar erideba masze daundobel Tavdasxmas (arsebobs va-
raudi, rom kleonis roli Tavad aristofanes uTamaSia).
komediis personaJad gamoyvanilia demosi (xalxi), romelic ise gamoCerCete-
bula, rom mas advilad atyueben da yvlefen sakuTari msaxurebi. demosis mmarT-
veloba paflagonel metyaves Caugdia xelSi. paflagoneli metyavis saxiT mxe-
drebSi kleonia gamoyvanili. berZnulad `paflaZein~ TuxTuxs niSnavs, rac
kleonis xasiaTsa da laparakis maneraze (is cnobili mWevrmetyvelic yofila) mig-
viTiTebs. kleons meZexve agorakritosi upirispirdeba da jobnis kidec mas demo-
144 aristofane

sis mosyidvaSi. komediaSi baliSebiTa da sakvebiT demosis mosyidva Teatris ga-

reT arsebuli realobis metaforaa. meZexvec Tavxedi demagogis ganzogadebuli
saxea. is bazarSia gazrdili (agorakritosi metyveli saxelia: `agora~ – bazari,
`krinein~ – gansja), gaunaTlebeli, Tavxedi da wamxdaria, `saSineli xmiT~, usir-
cxvilod laparakic SeuZlia. mas xalxis winamZRolisTvis `aucilebeli~ yvela
Tviseba aqvs! axla is iWers paflagonelis adgils da `didi kaci~ xdeba. metyave ki
amieridan mis xelobas gahyveba – WiSkarSi Zexvs gayidis.
komediaSi aristofanes monebis rolSi gamohyavs Tavisi Tanamedrove aTeneli
strategosebi nikiasi da demosTenesi, gaSarJebuli hyavs Tavad komediis gundic –
mxedrebi, romlebic aTenis jaris aristokratul nawils Seadgendnen.
Tavis saukeTeso komediad aristofane `R r u b l e b s~ (Zv. w. 423, dionisiebi)
miiCnevs, Tumca dramaturgTa SejibrSi am komediam mxolod mesame adgili dai-
kava, rac, faqtobrivad, mis marcxs niSnavda. `RrublebSi~ aristofane aRzrdis
problemas svams da gaSarJebuli hyavs filosofosi sokrate, rogorc axali
aRzrdis simbolo. cnobilia, rom mogvianebiT (Zv. w. 399 wels) aristofanes `Rru-
blebs~ sokrates winaaRmdeg sasamarTlo procesis mowyobis erT-erT safuZvlad
gamoiyeneben. Tumca es imas ar niSnavs, rom Tavad komediografosi pirovnulad
sokrates mimarT mtrulad iyo ganwyobili.
komediaSi sokrate Zveli berZnuli RvTaebebis nacvlad Rrublebs aRiarebs,
Tavis `safiqraleTSi~ moswavleebTan erTad `mniSvnelovan~ sakiTxebze fiqrobs
da msjelobs. Segirdebsac bevri `saWirboroto~ kiTxva awuxebT, mag.:
`...koRoze ras metyvi,
Tu ici, sajdomiT wuis Tu piriTo?~ (157-58)
Seusabamoa da sicils iwvevs, roca sokrate meteorologiuri movlenebisa da
muclis buybuyis analogiasac SeniSnavs (383-87). komediis dasawyisSi aristo-
fanes mxiaruli satiris cxadi obieqti sokratea, magram aRmoCndeba rom sokrate
ar aris komediis umTavresi da erTaderTi samizne. `Rrublebis~ protagonisti
moxuci strefsiadesi gadawyvets, `safiqraleTSi~ Tavadac miebaros. protago-
nists mxolod piradi interesebi amoZravebs. mas sityvis iseTi xelovnebis Ses-
wavla surs, riTac mevaleebis advilad gacurebas SeZlebs da maT vals aRar dau-
brunebs. strefsiadesi socialuri tipicaa, mas hyavs coli, masze ufro maRali
socialuri fenidan, da vaJi, mflangveli fidipidesi, romlis gamoc mama valebSi
ixrCoba. amdenad, aristofanes Tavdasxmis obieqti gacilebiT farTovdeba, is Ta-
vis Tanamedrove aTenelebs dascinis, maT Soris komediis mayurebelsac, ro-
melTaganac bevrs eyoleboda mSoblebi da Svilebi.
komediis dasawyisSi `Rrublebis mimdevari~ strefsiadesi finalSi Tavad
daupirispirdeba axal aRzrdas – `safiqraleTSi~ ganswavlul fidipidess. mamis
daZalebiT fidipidesma iq `iswavla tlikini~ (1143), mas ukve `gaRma Sedavebis
ostatis mzera~ (1175) aqvs. mevaleebis Tavidan moSorebis Semdeg Svili advilad
upirispirdeba mamasac da mis lanZRvasa da cemasac ar erideba. SvilTan dapi-
rispirebiT gamwarebuli strefsiadesi cecxls miscems sokrates `safiqraleTs~.
amiT komediis protagonisti mTlianad `angrevs~ prologSi warmodgenil Teziss.
`Rrublebis~ marcxis Semdeg, Zv. w. 422 wels, aristofanem pirveli adgili
daimsaxura leneebze, sadac man `k r a z a n e b i~ warmoadgina. amjerad aristofane
sasamarTlo procesebis aranormalurad moyvarul aTenelebs amasxaravebs. kome-
diografosi dascinis dRiuri lukmis monebad gadaqceul mosamarTleebs, rom-
lebic dainteresebuli arian sasamarTlo procesebis simravliT.
komediis dasawyisSi gamoCndebian monebi – qsanTiasi da sosiasi, romlebic Tav-
TavianT sizmrebs yvebian. maTi sizmrebi komikuri alegoriebia aTenel politi-
kosebze (kleonimosze, kleonze, Teorossa da alkibiadesze). es politikuri xum-
aristofane 145

robebi komediis mTavar Temaze gadasvlamde mayureblis `gaxurebas~ isaxavs

miznad. marTlac male qsanTiasi pirdapir mayurebels miubrundeba da situacias
auxsnis: maTi batoni moxuci filokleoni (kleonis moyvaruli) sasamarTloebis
siyvaruliTaa daavadebuli. bdelikleons (kleonis moZules) mama saxlSi ga-
mouketavs, rom moxuci mosamarTle sasamarTlo procesze ar gaeqces. sasaciloa
xerxebi, riTac filokleoni saxlidan gaparvas cdilobs, mag., sakvamurSi SemZ-
vrali mosamarTle iZaxis: `kvamli var, movbolav~ (144). komediis gunds filok-
leonis megobari mosamarTleebi Seadgenen, romlebic ironiulad krazanebad ar-
ian gamoyvanilni:
` . . . am berikacebis
toms vin ganarisxebs, budes krazanebis!
welsqvemoT hkidiaT nestari da imiT
mwared dagnestraven. . . ~ (223-26)
maT winaSe filokleonisa da bdelikleonis paeqroba imarTeba, sadac Svili ma-
mas amarcxebs. filokleoni cxovrebis axal wesze gadadis –dafleTil mosasxams
da Zvel fexsacmels axliT icvlis da ugonod mTvrali fleitaze damkvreli qa-
lis TanxlebiT Semodis agoraze. ironiulia komediis finali: TavaSvebuli
saqcielis gamo axla ukve moxuc filokleons emuqrebian sasamarTloSi CiviliT.
`aqarnelebis~ msgavsad, omis Temas exeba komedia `m S v i d o b a~ (Zv. w. 421, meore
adgili), romelic momdevno wlis dionisiebze daidga. komediis protagonistia
miwaTmoqmedi trigeosi. is sruliad fantastikuri gziT cdilobs cidan qal-
RmerT eirenes (mSvidobis) miwaze Camoyvanas: sagangebod gasuqebul nexvis Wiaze
amxedrebuli trigeosi zecaSi mifrinavs. olimposze mSvidoba polemoss (oms)
hyavs gamoqvabulSi gamoketili. komediis protagonisti eirenes aTavisuflebs
da, `aqarnelebis~ protagonistisgan gansxvavebiT, mSvidoba mTeli eladisTvis
moaqvs.
aristofanes erT-erT saukeTeso komediad aris miCneuli `f r i n v e l e b i~ (Zv.
w. 414 dionisiebi, meore adgili). komediis samizne rigiTi aTeneli pisTeterosia,
romelic ukeTesi adgilis ZiebaSi evelpidesTan erTad garbis aTenidan. pisTet-
erossa da evelpidess mobezrebiaT aTenis oromtrialSi cxovreba da ufro mSvidi
garemos povnis imediT frinvelebs mimarTaven. komediis gmirebi aq fantastikuri
qalaqis Seqmnis ideas ganaxorcieleben – iqmneba frinvelTa saxelmwifo, romelic
adamianTa da RmerTTa samyofels Soris iarsebebs da orive maTganze ibatonebs:
frinvelTa nebis gareSe RmerTebs aRar miuvaT adamianTa mier Sewiruli msxver-
plis kvamli. pisTeterosi da evelpidesi frinvelTa saxes iReben. Sendeba axali
qalaqi, romelsac pisTeterosi RrubelguguleTs (nefelokokkugias) uwodebs da
evelpidesTan erTad misi ganmgebeli xdeba. komediis dasawyisSi mSvidi adgilis
mZebneli aTenelebi, komediis bolos TviTon xdebian `samyaros mmarTvelebi~ _ ko-
mediis sawyisi debuleba isev amoyiravebulia komediis finalSi.
frinvelebSi aristofane fantastikuri saxelmwifos Seqmnis utopiur ideas
dascinis, imavdroulad ki adamianis bunebisTvis ase damaxasiaTebel erTpirov-
nulobisa da Zalauflebis momxveWvelobis wyurvils aSiSvlebs.
omis Temas ubrundeba `l i s i s t r a t e~ (Zv. w. 411). berZenTa Soris mSvidobis
damyareba surs aristofanes komediis kidev erT protagonists – aTenel qals
lisistrates (jaris damSlels). komediis dasawyisSi lisistrate mTeli sa-
berZneTis qalebs uxmobs. qalebi nel-nela ikribebian aTenidan, beotiidan,
korinTodan, spartidan, magram Sekrebis mizezi jer aravin icis. prologSi
aristofane komediisTvis Cveul intrigas qmnis, gaurkvevlobaSi myofi mayureb-
lis molodinze TamaSobs, roca 112-e striqonamde ar xsnis, ra surs lisistrates
da mxolod 124-e striqonSi iwyeba laparaki protagonistis gegmaze. aRmoCndeba,
rom mebrZoli mxareebis dasazaveblad qalebi seqsualur gaficvas mimarTaven:
146 aristofane

isini uars amboben mamakacebTan sareclis gayofaze. es xerxi gaWris, qalTa pro-
testi Tavis Sedegs gamoiRebs – omi Sewydeba. omisa da mSvidobis dapirispirebis
fonze komediaSi erotikuli aspeqtia xazgasmuli. amitom am TemasTan dakavSire-
buli xumrobebi, miniSnebebi, metaforebi komediaSi sicilis aRZvris umTavresi
wyaroa.
`q a l e b i T e s m o f o r i e b i s d R e s a s w a u l z e~ (Zv. w. 411, dionisiebi)
mTlianad evripides tragediebis parodias warmoadgens. komediis protagonistia
evripides simamri mnesiloqosi, romelic evripides dasacavad qalis tansacmliT
SeniRbuli Tesmoforiebis dResaswaulze Sekrebil qalebSi gaereva. qalebi gam-
warebuli arian evripideze misi tragediebis gamo da tragikosis sikvdiliT
dasjas iTxoven. mnesiloqosi evripides dacvas cdilobs. bolos ki, qalebis xelSi
Cavardnili, Tavad gaxdeba dasaxsneli. qalebisgan Tavis daxsnis mizniT mnesilo-
qosi xis dafebze wers Tavis ambavs (evripides `palamedesis~ parodia). komediaSi
evripides kidev ramdenime tragediis (`elene~, `andromeda~) pasaJia parodire-
buli. mnesiloqoss beber qalad gadacmuli evripide gamoixsnis, romelic manamde
Tavisive tragediebSi gamoyenebul xerxebs mimarTavda.
aristofanes Cvenamde moRweul komediebsa da fragmentebSi evripides Zalian
bevri tragediaa parodirebuli, rasac am tragikosisadmi aristofanes gansa-
kuTrebuli damokidebulebiT xsnian. miuxedavad imisa, rom evripides ase xSirad
dascinoda Tavis komediebSi, varaudoben, rom komediografoss Tavad moswonda
evripides stili.
komediis personaJad evripide gamoyvanilia aristofanes momdevno komediaSic
_ `b a y a y e b S i~. Zv. w. 405 wels leneebze warmodgenili `bayayebi~ Zalian war-
matebuli komedia aRmoCnda aristofanesTvis. man komediografosTa Sejibrze
pirveli adgili moipova da, erTi versiiT, imave wels komedia ganmeorebiTac ki
daudgamT.
komediis protagonistia dionise, Teatrisa da Rvinis RmerTi. mas hadesSi Cas-
vla da iqidan evripides amoyvana gadauwyvetia, radgan cocxalTa Soris kargi
tragikosi aRar darCenila. komediis pirvelive striqonebiT sityvasTan erTad
Zlier komikur efeqts qmnis vizualuri mxarec: gamodis herakles samosiT
`SeniRbuli~ dionise da mas mohyveba mona qsanTiasi, romelsac mxarze bargi mou-
kidebia da ise Semjdara virze. komikuria gadacmuli dionisesa da misi monis ha-
desSi mogzaurobac, rasac bayayebis gulisgamawvrilebeli yiyini gasdevs fonad.
komediis meore nawilSi aristofane erTmaneTs upirispirebs or did
tragikoss – esqilesa da evripides da afasebs, `wonis~ maT xelovnebas. scenaze Se-
motanil uzarmazar sasworze mopaeqreebi sakuTari tragediebis striqonebs
Seagdeben. gamarjvebuli esqile gamodis. miuxedavad imisa, rom Tavidan dionise
evripides wayvanas apirebda, sabolood is esqiles irCevs.
Zv. w. V saukunis literaturul kritikaze msjelobisas xSirad iSvelieben
aristofanes `bayayebs~. Tumca komediaSi tragikosTa xelovnebis analizi da Se-
faseba ufro sofistebis moZRvrebis, poeziis maTeuli kritikis parodiaa.
`q a l e b i s a x a l x o k r e b a z e~ (Zv. w. 392) mwared dascinis axali, Tanas-
worobis principze agebuli sazogadoebis Senebis ideas. komediaSi am utopiur
Teorias aTeneli qali praqsagora ganaxorcielebs, romelic Tavis qmars blepi-
ross qalTa mmarTvelobis upiratesobas usabuTebs. kacebad gadacmuli qalebi
moaxerxeben Zalauflebis xelSi aRebas da axali, `samarTliani~ saxelmwifos
Seqmnas, sadac yvelaferi yvelasTvis saerToa, socialuradac da qonebrivadac
yvela erTmaneTis Tanasworia, Tanasworoba daculia seqsualur sferoSic ki: ax-
algazrdebma jer moxucebs unda asiamovnon, rom `daCagruli~ aravin darCes.
aristofane 147

aristofanes Cvenamde srulad moRweuli ukanaskneli komediaa `p l u t o s i~,

romelic mas Zv. w. 388 wels warmoudgenia (komediis pirveli varianti Zv. w. 408
wels daidga). komediaSi kvlav utopiuri ideebia gamasxaravebuli.
komediis protagonists moxuc qremiloss brma plutosi (simdidris RmerTi)
asklepiosis taZarSi mihyavs, sadac plutoss Tvals auxelen. es ki imas niSnavs, rom
RmerTi simdidres usamarTlod aRar daarigebs, qveynad `samarTlianoba imar-
jvebs~.
Tu qronologiurad gadavxedavT aristofanes komediebs, vnaxavT, rom isto-
riuli mdgomareobis cvlilebasTan erTad Zveli atikuri komediac viTardeba,
saxes icvlis. am TvalsazrisiT aristofanes komediebs pirobiTad sam jgufad
yofen. pirveli periodis komediebs yvelaze mwvave politikur komediebs (`aqar-
nelebi~, `mxedrebi~, `Rrublebi~, `krazanebi~, `mSvidoba~) uwodeben, radgan maTSi
uxvadaa mZafri pirovnuli Tavdasxmebi. `frinvelebidan~ moyolebuli komediebSi
ukve TandaTan sustdeba inveqtiva, pirovnuli dacinva, sagrZnoblad mcirdeba
Zveli komediisTvis specifikuri uxamsobebi, qoros partiebic SedarebiT ukana
planzea gadanacvlebuli. `frinvelebis~ Semdeg veRarsad vxvdebiT srul para-
basissac. `bayayebi~ ukanaskneli komediaa, romelic Zveli komediis CarCoebSi
jdeba. aristofanes bolo komediebSi (`qalebi saxalxo krebaze~, `plutosi~)
gundi ukve TiTqmis ufunqcioa, saerTod gamotovebulia parabasisi, gamqralia
pirovnuli Tavdasxmebi da uxamsobebi. am periodidan berZnuli komedia Tavisi
ganviTarebis axal fazaSi gadadis. mogvianebiT am axal periods saSualo atikur
komedias uwodeben.
aristofanes komediaze msjelobisas mecnierebi bevrs kamaToben aristofanes
ideologiuri Sexedulebebis Sesaxeb. Zveli komediis samizne poetis Tanamedrove
aTenis mravalferovani sazogadoebriv-politikuri cxovreba iyo. bunebrivia,
komediografoss udavod eqneboda sakuTari Sexedulebebi da interesebi, Tavisi
Camoyalibebuli pozicia ama Tu im aqtualur sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. Tumca,
ufro sarwmunoa im mecnierTa pozicia, romlebic uSedegod miiCneven komediebSi
avtoriseuli Sexedulebebis amokiTxvis mcdelobas da amas Zveli komediis
specifikiT xsnian. amitom, albaT, araswori iqneba, aristofanes saxeSi veZeboT
moralisti an romelime politikuri poziciis propagandisti. misi msoflmxed-
velobis gansazRvra garTulebulia swored Zveli atikuri komediis Janruli
Taviseburebis gamo – Zveli komedia xom yvelafers inversiulad asaxavs.
komediaSi Tanaarsebobs `realuri samyaro~, romelic Zalian ararealuria da
`ararealuri samyaro~, romelic imavdroulad Zalian miwieria. aristofanes
SeuZlia Tavisi Tanamedroveebis yoveldRiuri sazrunavi da wuxili gansxvave-
bul, jadosnur garemoSi gadaitanos, sadac yvelaferi axali, ucnauri formiT
gadaiWreba. yoveli axali komediiT is axal, e. w. komikur miTs qmnis. tragediis
mayureblisgan gansxvavebiT Zveli komediis mayurebelma arasdros ar icoda,
rogor Seicvleboda moqmedeba, ra eloda mas momdevno scenaSi. yoveli war-
modgena iyo axali, fantastikuri ideiT TamaSi, am ideis sruliad fantastikuri
ganxorcieleba. aq poetis fantazias ar hqonda sazRvrebi. fantastikuroba
aristofanes komediis arsebiTi da specifikuri maxasiaTebelia. fantastikuria
yvela komediis siuJeti: komediis gmirebs SeuZliaT, Caifiqron zavis dadeba
qalaqis danarCeni nawilis winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad an hadesSi Cavidnen da iqi-
dan gardacvlili esqile amoiyvanon an sulac, ukuagdon saRvTo wesrigi ise,
rogorc pisTeterosi akeTebs amas `frinvelebSi~.
Tumca fantastikuri da zRapruli komediis gmirebi xSirad realuri isto-
riuli da miTologiuri pirebi arian, romlebic aristofanes karikaturis saxiT
gamohyavs Tavis komediebSi, mag., kleoni, sokrate, esqile, evripide, dionise, plu-
tosi, herakle da a. S. magram komediis protagonisti iSviaTad aris istoriuli
148 aristofane

piri (`qalebi Tesmoforiebis dResaswaulze~) an miTosidan aRebuli personaJi

(`bayayebi~), umeteswilad is poetis fantaziis nayofia. komediis personaJebi ar-
ian e.w. profesiuli (elCi, Sikriki, macne, damsmeni) da eTnikuri (aTeneli, spar-
teli, beotieli, megareli) tipebic, romlebic ufro sqematurad aisaxebian da
xSirad statistebis rolSi gamodian. aristofanesTvis damaxasiaTebelia ab-
straqtuli cnebebis (simarTle da tyuili `RrublebSi~, dazaveba `lisistrate-
Si~ da a.S.) personifikaciac.
aristofanes personaJebi ufro tipebs warmoadgenen, vidre individualur
xasiaTebs. Tumca es imas ar niSnavs, rom komediaSi xasiaTis niSnebi saerTod ar
arsebobs. komediis evoluciasTan erTad TandaTan icvleba komediaSi personaJis
koncefciac. aristofanes gviandeli komediebis gmirebi (praqsagora, qremilosi)
ukve individualuri xasiaTis Strixebs avlenen.
personaJebi komediaSi xSirad icvlian moqmedebis adgils. bevr SemTxvevaSi
samoqmedo adgilis cvlileba samoqmedo sivrcis cvlilebasac gulisxmobs. mag.,
`aqarnelebis~ prologSi pniqsze xdeba moqmedeba da samoqmedo sivrces aq
orqestra qmnis, xolo roca dikeopolisi acxadebs: `axla evripides unda miva-
kiTxo~ (394), is orqestridan scenis fasadisken moZraobs. adgilis cvlileba
teqstSi miTiTebulia, savaraudod, icvleba scenis dekoraciebic.
moqmedebis mTliani mimdinareobis aRqma komediaSi mainc rTulia, radgan misi
calkeuli scenebi ar aris Tanmimdevruli da erTmaneTisgan ganpirobebuli. amas
xels uwyobs Tavad komediis struqturac, mag., parabasisi, romelic komediis mo-
qmedebis mimdinareobas Suaze wyvets. iseTi STabeWdileba rCeba, TiTqos komedi-
aSi asaxul movlenebs didi xangrZlivoba aqvs, meore mxriv ki, TiTqos dro
gaCerebulia. komediis personaJebi saxlebs Soris, qalaqidan sofelSi, erTi
realobidan meoreSic ki zRapruli simartiviTa da siswrafiT moZraoben. Tumca
daudgenelia, drois ra xangrZlivobas gulisxmobs is, rac scenaze an scenis miRma
xdeba. aristofanes komediaSi moqmedebis ganviTarebas Tavisi xasiaTiT sizmarSi
ganviTarebul moqmedebasac ki adareben. amitom tragediisgan gansxvavebiT kome-
diaSi SeuZlebelia moqmedebis xangrZlivobis zusti gansazRvra. mag., ramdeni
dRe Tu kvira grZeldeboda qalTa gaficva lisistrateSi da a. S.
Zveli komedia xSirad arRvevs dramatul iluzias: personaJi Tavisi rolidan
gamodis, `ixsnis niRabs~ da uSualod mayurebels mimarTavs. es xdeba parabasisSi,
sadac qoro Tavad komediis avtorad iqceva da publikas sxvadasxva aqtualur Te-
maze elaparakeba. aseT dros misi niRabi mTel auditorias uyurebs. Teatraluri
iluzia xSirad irRveva komediis sxva nawilebSic. rac ar unda fantastikuri yo-
filiyo Zveli komediis fabula, aristofanes komediis mayurebels mudmivad unda
hqonoda komediis moqmedebaSi CarTvis molodini. mag., praqsagora scenidan aCu-
mebda TeatrSi myof konkretul mayurebels, `arifrade, morCi laybobas~
(`qalebi saxalxo krebaze~, 129) da albaT, misi niRabic pirdapir arifradesken
iqneboda mimarTuli. `mxedrebSi~ meZexve mTel darbazs mimarTavs: `baTqa-
buTqisgan suyvela wiTurebi ar gaxdiT?~ (900). hadesSi moxvedrili dionise ki
ise SeSindeba urCxulis (empusas) danaxviT, rom TeatrSi mayurebelTa Soris sa-
patio adgilze mjdomi `Tavisive~ qurumisken gaiqceva saSvelad (`bayayebi~, 297).
aris SemTxvevebi, roca msaxiobebi scenidan xilsac esvrian mayurebels
(`krazanebi~ 58-9, `plutosi~ 797-9). komedia gangeb Slis scenasa da publikas So-
ris arsebul bariers, rac komikur efeqts qmnis.
scenuri iluziis rRvevas e. w. metaTeatralur miniSnebebsac ukavSireben:
Teatri laparakobs sakuTar Tavze, rom Teatri mxolod iluziaa, scenis jados-
noba, TamaSi, romelic specialurad kontrolirebad garemoSi TamaSdeba.
aristofanes komedia mdidaria sxvadasxva tipis metaforebiT, rasac poeti
salaparako enidan, misi winamorbedi dramaturgebis, lirikosi an epikosi poete-
aristofane 149

bis Semoqmedebidan iRebs da am tradiciul metaforebs Tavis komediebSi xSirad

axleburad warmoadgens. amasTan, komikuri efeqtis Sesaqmnelad aristofane
Zalian xSirad mimarTavs metaforis `scenur realizacias~. mag., scenurad aris
ganxorcielebuli metafora – filosofosi RrublebSi: sokratesTan misul
strefsiadess sivrceSi momzirali da mnaTobTa bedze Cafiqrebuli filosofosi
SemaRlebul adgilze, hamakSi mokalaTebuli xvdeba (`Rrublebi~, 217 Smd.). aseve,
sokrates aburduli filosofia simbolizebulia misi TayvaniscemiT tri-
alisadmi (berZnulad `dinos~) da es vizualur metaforaSia gamoxatuli: sok-
rates kars gareT mrgval farTo sasmiss (berZnulad, aseve, `dinos~) deben iq, sa-
dac, Cveulebriv, saxlis mfarveli RmerTis statuis adgilia. aristofanes aq
sityvis orazrovneba `exmareba~ metaforis scenur ganxorcielebaSi.
`aqarnelebSi~ dikeopolisis kerZo zavi boTlSi Casxmuli Rvinis saxiTaa war-
modgenili. mTel scenas sityvis ormag mniSvnelobaze TamaSi gansazRvravs
(berZnulSi `sponde~, zavsac aRniSnavs da Rvinis ritualur dasxmasac). amdenad,
sityvis orazrovnebaze agebuli metafora (Rvino/zavi) aqac sityvasityviT ga-
TamaSdeba scenaze.
gavixsenoT dazavebis scena `lisistrateSi~, sadac Semodis nimfa dazaveba
(nimfa personificirebuli dazavebaa). roca aTenels da spartels Zalian swyu-
riaT dazaveba, e. i. maT swyuriaT nimfa. sasurveli geografiuli teritoriebis
moniSvnisasac isini sasurveli nimfis konturebs xazaven. pasaJi savsea kalambure-
biT da uxamsi xumrobebiT. am scenaSi (1112-1187) Temis, ideisa da scenuri war-
modgenis erTianoba aristofanes ostatobis iSviaTi nimuSia.
Tavis komediebSi aristofane uxvad iyenebs uxamsobebs. komediaSi uxamsoba
daundobeli da TavSeukavebeli pirovnuli Tu politikuri inveqtivis ZiriTadi
Semadgeneli nawilia, rac, saerTod, aristofanes adreuli komediisTvisaa damax-
asiaTebeli. mag., aqarnelebis protagonisti Trakiel odomantebze ikiTxavs:
`asoze foToli vin SemoacalaT?~ (159). mxedrebSi meZexve kleons ase emuqreba:
`emag ukanals ZexviviT gamogiteni axla!~ (364). komediebSi msgavsi magaliTebi
mravladaa. Cveulebrivia miniSneba aTenelTa garyvnilebaze, zog SemTxvevaSi
kerZo samiznec aRniSnulia. bunebrivia, uxamsi leqsikis aseTi pirdapiri gamo-
yeneba Zlier komikur efeqts qmnida. aristofane Tavis komediebSi ufro `daxve-
wil~, e. w. metaforul uxamsobebsac iyenebs, riTac mayureblis inteleqtualur
asociaciebze (xSirad, vizualurzec) TamaSobs. TavSekavebis moxsniTa da sityve-
bis TamaSiT gamowveuli wminda inteleqtualuri garTobiT mayurebeli siamovne-
bas iRebs. `lisistrateSi~ personaJ kinesiasis saxeli ironiulad mis seqsualur
aRgznebazec mianiSnebs (berZnulad `kinesis~ moZraobas, aRelvebas niSnavs). xSir
SemTxvevaSi aristofane orazrovan sityvebs arCevs, romelTac erTi mxriv, kon-
teqstisTvis Sesaferisi, `uwyinari~ mniSvneloba aqvs, meore mxriv ki – meore, ux-
amsi mniSvneloba. dikeopolisis bazarSi savaWrod misuli megareli Tavis
asulebs goWebad asaRebs (cxoveluri travesti) (aqarn. 729 Smd). berZnulSi
sityva `xoiros~ goWs aRniSnavs, amasTan mas meore, gadataniTi mniSvnelobac aqvs –
qalis genitaliebi. sityvis mniSvnelobebze aseTi TamaSic, udavod, komikuri
efeqtis gazrdas emsaxureba. komizms amZafrebs scenaze metaforis pirdapiri re-
alizebac: megareli scenaze, mayureblis Tvalwin gadaacmevs Tavis asulebs goWe-
bad.
aristofanes komediis kidev erTi mniSvnelovani maxasiaTebelia parodia. ko-
mediografosi gansakuTrebiT xSirad tragediis parodias (paratragedias) mi-
marTavs. tragediebidan mTeli pasaJebi, motivebi, calkeuli frazebia parodire-
buli. personaJebi Janris Sesabamisad icvlidnen diqcias, xmis tons, mimikas,
Jestebs, parodia Seexeboda metrikasac. aristofanes Tanamedrove mayurebels
SeeZlo, amoecno ara mxolod sityvieri, aramed metruli aluziebic, miniSnebebi
150 aristofane

ara mxolod sityvier stilistur doneze, aramed – musikalur stilistur done-

zec.
komediebSi mravladaa evripides tragediebis parodia. mag., aqarnelebis winaSe
Tavdasacavi sityvis warmoTqmamde dikeopolisi evripides tragediis personaJis,
telefosis samosSi gamoewyoba (aqarn. 394 Smd.). misi sityvis dasawyisi da dasas-
ruli telefosis cnobili sityvis parodiaa. tragediis parodiis SigniT hero-
dotosis istoriis parodiasac xedaven, roca omis dawyebis sababad dikeopolisi
kaxpebis motacebas asaxelebs (herodotosi berZen-sparselTa omze Txrobas
azielebsa da evropelebs Soris qalebis motacebis amsaxveli miTebiT iwyebs).
evripides tragediebis parodias eZRvneba mTlianad `qalebi Tesmoforiebis dRe-
saswaulze~. magram berZnuli tragediebis didi nawili Cvenamde ar Semonaxula,
amitom Tanamedrove mkiTxvelisa Tu mayureblisTvis komediaSi parodirebuli
yvela personaJis, pasaJisa Tu frazis `gamocnoba~ Znelia.
aristofanes komediebSi gvxvdeba homerosis eposis parodiac. gavixsenoT
`krazanebi~ (180-86), sadac filokleoni viris mucels amokruli cdilobs, gai-
paros saxlidan (`odiseas~ (IX, 425 Smd.) parodia). `aqarnelebSi~ dikeopolisi
Rvinis/zavis sami sinjidan mesames – ocdaaTwlians irCevs. am Rvinos `ambrosiisa
da neqtaris suni aqvs~ (196). `odiseaSic~, roca odisevsi RviniT umaspinZldeba
kiklop polifemos, kiklopi Rvinos aRiqvams, rogorc ambrosiisa da neqtaris
wveTs (IX, 359).
aristofanes parodiis wyaro lirikac aris. mag., pindarosis odaSi mnemosi-
nesTan (muzebis deda) mimarTebaSi dasturdeba kompoziti `liparampÂqs~ moel-
vare Tavsaburvelis mniSvnelobiT (nem. 7. 15). komediografosi ki imave kompozits
parodiulad gamoiyenebs Tevzis sousis epiTetad (aqarn. 671).
aristofanes komediebi cocxali da mdidari eniTaa dawerili da atikuri
dialeqtis brwyinvale nimuSad miiCneva. savaraudod, aticistebis interesi
aristofanes komediebisadmi maTi Semonaxvis erT-erTi mizezic gamxdara.
komediaSi yoveldRiuri salaparako berZnulis gverdiT prozisa da poeziis
ufro amaRlebul stilsac vxvdebiT, rac xSirad maTsave parodias emsaxureba. ko-
mediografosi mravalmxriv enobriv saSualebebs mimarTavs. is sityvaTa Txzvis
didostatia. aristofanesTvis Cveulebrivia ori, sami, zogjer oTxi da meti
sityvis SeerTebiT Seqmnili neologizmebi. poeti Cveulebriv, sayoveldReo
sityvebs axali, uCveulo formiT acocxlebs kompozitebSi. mag., evripides tra-
gediis personaJad gadacmul dikeopoliss aristofane `evripidnasvams~ uwodebs
(aqarn. 484). gavixsenoT `qalebi saxalxo krebaze~, sadac finalSi yvela miwveulia
kerZze, romlis absurdul saxelsac aristofane Tavad Txzavs da es sityva kome-
diaSi eqvs striqons ikavebs (1169 Smd.). arcTu iSviaTad aristofane personaJebs e.
w. metyvel saxelebs arqmevs (dikeopolisi, trigeosi, filokleoni da a.S.).
aristofanes enis Taviseburebaa sityvis kninobiTi formebis simravlec, rac
xalxuri metyvelebisTvis iyo damaxasiaTebeli. poetis xelSi kninobiTi formebi
ganwyobilebis SeqmnasTan erTad azris umciresi niuansis gamosaxvis kargi saSu-
alebaa. komediaSi enobrivi planebis simravle personaJTa e. w. kuTxur metyvele-
baSic vlindeba. mag., `aqarnelebSi~ megarelic (729-835) da beotielic (860-954)
Tav-TavianT dialeqtze metyveleben, doriul dialeqtze laparakobs `lisis-
trateSi~ sparteli qali (93 Smd.); xolo ucxoelTa, mag., sparseTis cru elCis
(aqarn. 100-109), ena komediaSi `barbarosulia~.
cnobilia, rom aristofanes komediebi didi warmatebiT sargeblobda klasi-
kur epoqaSi. magram aTenis demokratiis dacemasTan erTad Zvelma komediamac
sabolood dakarga Tavisi sicocxlisunarianoba. komediis, rogorc Janris, Sem-
dgomi ganviTareba axali atikuri komediis gzas mihyveba. evropuli komedia
swored menandrosisa da romaeli plavtusis pirmSoa.
aristofane 151

aristofanes sikvdilis Semdeg, antikur epoqaSive, misi komediebis mimarT in-

teresic TandaTan ganelda. upiratesobas ukve saSualo da axal atikur komedias
aniWebdnen. Tumca arsebobdnen gamonaklisebic. aristofanes baZavda lukianosi,
kvintilianuss ki Zveli komediis atikuri enis siwminde aRafrTovanebda da aris-
tofanes komedias oratorTaTvis saukeTeso misabaZ nimuSad miiCnevda. aristo-
fanes Semoqmedebas swavlobdnen aleqsandrieli filologebi da bizantiuri
xanis swavlulebi. bizantiur periodSi misi komediebi saskolo literaturaSic
SeutaniaT. Sua saukuneebSi aristofanes yvelaze ufro popularuli komedia
`plutosi~ iyo, mogvianebiT popularul saskolo teqstebad iqca sxva komedie-
bic, ZiriTadad, `Rrublebi~, `frinvelebi~, `krazanebi~. Tumca, cnobilia, rom ux-
amsobebiT mdidari Zveli komediis teqstebidan gamomcemlebi xSirad iRebdnen
axalgazrda mkiTxvelTaTvis `Seufereblad~ miCneul nawilebs. renesansis epoqis
moRvaweTagan aristofanes komediis satirul stils, groteskul fantastikas,
ironiasa da komikuris heroikas gansakuTrebiT kargad grZnobda fransua rable.
me-17 _ me-18 saukuneebSi aristofanes komediebs mniSvnelovani gavlena mouxdenia
inglisur satiraze, gansakuTrebiT, ben jonsonsa da henri fildingze. aristo-
fanes gavleniT dauweria goeTes `frinvelebi~. `komediis mamisadmi~ interesi
kidev ufro izrdeba momdevno saukuneebSi, roca araerTi avtori ganicdis mis
gavlenas, mravaljer gamoicema misi komediebi, `lisistratesTvis~ ilustraciebs
qmnis pikaso... dRes aristofanes komediebis axlebur kvlevas eZRvneba didZali
samecniero literatura, sxvadasxva Teatris scenaze ki aristofanes komediebis
Tanamedrove interpretaciebi idgmeba.

komediebi: `aqarnelebi~, `mxedrebi~, `Rrublebi~, `krazanebi~, `mSvidoba~,

`frinvelebi~, `lisistrate~, `qalebi Tesmoforiebis dResaswaulze~, `ba-
yayebi~, `qalebi saxalxo krebaze~, `plutosi~.