ე.

ხინთიბიძე
„ვეფხისტყაოსნის“ იდეურ-მსოფლმხედველობითი
სამყარო

თბილისი 2009
„ქართველოლოგი“

gv. 361-395

qristianuli da antikuri rusTvelis

eTikur SexedulebebSi

eTikis ZiriTadi problemebi vefxistyaosanSi

vefxistyaosnis eTika, rusTvelis poemis idealur
gmirTa moqmedebis zneobrivi principebi poemis
komentatorTa Soris e. w. aRorZinebis xanidan dawyebuli
dRemde kamaTs iwvevs. Zvelad qarTuli eklesia aSkarad
upirispirdeboda poemis zneobas. es polemika, Cemi azriT,
qristianuli eklesiis poziciebidan kanonzomieric iyo,
ramdenadac rusTvelma poemaSi Caaqsova eTikis axleburi
sistema, romelic, marTalia, aRmocenebulia qristianul
eTikaze, magram mniSvnelovan detalebSi amJRavnebs
1
Taviseburebas . rusTvelis eTikuri Sexedulebebis
formirebaSi garda XII saukunis saqarTvelos socialur-
politikuri mdgomareobisa, qarTuli erovnuli zneobisa da
qristianuli moralisa, Cemi azriT, mniSvnelovani roli
Seusrulebia gviandeli Suasaukuneebis azrovnebaSi
TandaTanobiT aRorZinebul antikur-berZnul
msoflSegrZnebas, romelic vefxistyaosanSi, iseve rogorc
sazogadod Suasaukuneebidan renesansis epoqaze gardamaval
epoqaSi ZiriTad aristoteles eTikuri koncefciis gziT
modioda.
1
vsaubrobT ra eTikur principebze vefxistyaosanSi, mxedvelobaSi
gvaqvs is eTikuri koncefcia, romelzedac aris dayrdnobili poemis
idealur gmirTa moqmedeba. es eTika poetis mxatvruli azrovnebis
ukufenaa; am koncefciaze warmodgenis Seqmna mxolod da mxolod
vefxistyaosnis personaJTa moqmedebis principebis ganzogadebiT SeiZleba.
mxolod am SinaarsiT da mniSvnelobiT viyenebT Cven gamoTqmebs _
rusTvelis eTikuri Sexedulebebi da vefxistyaosnis eTika.
 rusTvelma Suasaukuneebis eTikuri azrovnebis
ganviTarebaSi axali sityva Tqva. Tanaxmad azrovnebis
ganviTarebis istoriuli kanonzomierebisa, Tavisi axleburi
pozicia mas unda daefuZnebina Zvel sistemaze, romeliRac
filosofiaze warsulis memkvidreobidan. poetisaTvis,
romlis msoflSegrZneba gaemijna Suasaukuneebis religiur-
dogmatikur eTikas da romelmac adamianuri cxovrebis
ideali zecidan dedamiwaze Camoitana, erTaderTi dasayrdeni
warsulis filosofiur azrovnebaSi Tavisi bunebriobiT da
humanuri orientaciiT, mxolod da mxolod aristoteles
eTikuri koncefcia unda yofiliyo. Sua saukuneebSi
religiuri dogmatizmisadmi dapirispireba sazogadod
aristoteles filosofiaze dayrdnobiT xdeboda. swored
amgvari xaziT viTardeboda filosofiuri azri XI_XIII
saukuneebis arabul, bizantiur da evropul azrovnebaSi.
aristoteles eTikaze dayrdnobiT rusTveli
renesansul azrovebas uaxlovdeba. swored renesansis
uSualod wina epoqa iyenebda aristoteles religiur-
dogmatikuri msoflSegrZnebis winaaRmdeg.

qarTuli eklesia da vefxistyaosani

vefxistyaosnis siuJetis ganviTarebaSi ZiriTadi

momentia xvarazm-Sahis Zis `moparviT mokvlis” epizodi.
nestani Seqmnil kritikul situaciaSi ukeTes gamosavals
eZebda. misi azriT, erTi kacis, sasiZos mokvla sakmarisi iyo
imisTvis, rom farsadans tarielisaTvis mieTxovebina
sakuTari asuli da nestani da tarieli indoeTSi gaemefebina.
magram ,,xvarazm-Sahis Ze piradad udanaSaulo” (28, gv. 177),
,,personalurad uzakveli” (24, gv. 210) iyo. amitomac gmirTa
moqmedebam poemis komentatorTa erTgvari gakvirveba
daimsaxura. niko mari weda: ,,Убииство надлежало совершить
путем ,,праведным”, щадя кров невинных” (408, gv.XXXIX).
mecnieris azriT, tarieli am saqmes asrulebda ,,в довольно
рискованной для чести героя форме” (iqve). magram mas Semdeg rac
rusTvelologTa simpaTia poemis Seyvarebuli wyvilis
mimarT gamoikveTa (,,tarieli... avtoris sayvareli sasiqaduli
gmiria”; ,,samarTlani gziT siarulma kdemamosil qalwul
qals xelSi aaRebina mkveTri maxvili”_ 25, gv. 182; 24, gv. 210),
gaCnda erTgvari cduneba, rom nestanisa da tarielis
moqmedeba poetis sagangebo Canafiqrad mieCniaT da
Taviseburad gadaeazrebinaT poemis kompozicia. am
Tvalsazrisidan gamomdinareobda p. berkovi, rodesac
amtkicebda, rom vefxistyaosnis kompoziciaSi SeiniSneba
erTgvari paraleli dostoevskis ,,danaSaulsa da sasjelTan”,
da rom poemis pirveli nawili esaa ,,История невольной вины
Тариела и Нестан”; meore nawili _ am pirvelisgan
aucileblobiT gamomdinare, istoria ,,их страдания”. mesame
nawili ki aris ,,возрождение Тариела к новой жизни и
освобождение Нестан-Дареджан из плена” (337, gv. 77). amis
dasasabuTeblad mkvlevars dasWida imis mtkiceba, rom nestan-
darejanma Seigno Tavisi danaSaulis simZime, rom igi amxila
sindisma, ris gamoc nebayoflobiT wavida qajeTSi (337, gv. 72).
magram p. berkovis sabuTebi teqstis araswor gagebazea
dafuZnebuli. rogorc a. baramiZem miuTuTa, poemis teqsti ar
gvaZlevs safuZvels vilaparakoT nestanis mier danaSaulis
Segnebaze da amdenad arc poemis p. berkoviseuli gaazreba
SeiZleba iyos marTebuli (326). magarm nestanis da tarielis
saqciels erTxmad mainc ver urigdeba qarTuli
sazogadoebrivi azri.1 magaliTad, feodaluri saqarTvelos
samarTlebrivi normebis mkvlevaris, i. surgulaZis azriT,
,,nestanisa da tarielis am Secdomas _ xvarazmSas ufliswulis
mkvlelobas sxva saxeli ar SeiZleba moenaxos, Tu ara
danaSauli” (220, gv. 101).
nestanis da tarielis saqciels, bunebrivia, rom ver
Seurigda qarTuli qristianuli eklesia. poemaze qristianuli
religiis mesveurTa Tvalsazrisi rom gaviTvaliswinoT,
ganvixiloT saqarTvelos kaTolikos- patriarqis,
kalistrate cincaZis (k. ekaSvilis) mier vefxistyaosnis
msoflmxedvelobaze dawerili specialuri werili 2.
kalistrate cincaZis azriT, ,,davar qajis mowafe
(nestani_e.x.) adre iwyebs `diacurad~ cxovrebas _ Tavisuflad
awarmoebs saaSiko miwer-moweras, eZebs tarielTan
saidumloebiT mocul Sexvedrebs, ereva iseT saqmeebSi,

1
berkoviseuli cda vefxistyaosnis kompoziciaSi amgvari ideuri
Canafiqris amocnobisa zogierTi mkvlevaris nawerebSi gagrZelda,
mxolod berkovze miTiTebis gareSe. codva, codvis tanjviT gamosyidva,
bedniereba _ rusTvelis poemis farul qveteqstad iqna moazrebuli.
ramdenadac es Tvalsazrisi araa damyarebuli vefxistyaosnis teqstis
monacemebze da arc poemis amgvari interpretirebis SesaZleblobis
Teoriuli safuZvlebis Ziebaze, msjeloba SeiZleba mxolod am tipis
kvleva-Ziebis meTodologiurad mcdarobaze.
2
k. cincaZis azrs poemaze sagangebod imitomac vixilavT, rom kaTolikosi,
gansxvavebiT aRorZinebis xanis sxva mesveurTagan, cdilobs poema
imgvarad ganmartos, rom igi qristianuli eklesiiTvis misaRebi gaxados.
k. cincaZe ar upirispirdeba vefxistyaosans, piriqiT. magram
gansakuTrebiT sayuradRebo is aris, rom kaTolikosis azriT, poemaSi
mainc miuRebelia swored is, rac rusTvelis azrovnebis idealia.
romlebic mas ar ekiTxeba, iCens Tvalxarbobas da
sulswrafobas, ocnebobs mamis sicocxleSive xelmwifed
gaxdomas da, sazogadod, zrunavs mxolod piradi grZnobebis
dakmayofilebisaTvis, ramac Caagdo rogorc viciT,
gansacdelSi, TviT nestani, tarieli da indoeTic Tavisi mefe-
dedofliT” (73, gv. 246). tarieli ,,savsebiT moklebulia
iniciativas. nestan-darejanis dakargvamde is aris
aRmasrulebeli am TviTneba ufliswulis axirebisa da
boroti rCeva-darigebisa” (73, gv. 242). nestanis da tarielis
TaTbiris dasasruls ,,nestani iZleva iseT rCevas, romelSiac
Sezavebulia cruoba, urcxvoba, veragoba, mSobelTa
upativcemuloba, mefis damcireba-Seuracxyofa, qveynisa da
samSoblos ganwirva da mxolod da mxolod TavmoTneoba”
(73, gv. 243). dabolos, kaTolikosis azriT, ,,borotad
dawyebuli saqme borotadve gaTavda: nestani gadakarges,
tarieli gaiWra ,,Zebnad misa” da indoeTi Cauvarda mters
xelSi” (73, gv. 244).
amrigad, k. cincaZis msjelobidan gamomdinare,
qristianuli eklesiisTvis miuRebelia swored is, rac
rusTvelis poemis suli da gulia: nestanisa da tarielis
pirovneba, maTi cxovrebiseuli, moqmedi filosofia; maRali
adamianuri idealebi da brZola Suasaukuneebis tradiciebis
winaaRmdeg. kaTolikoss borotebad miaCnia is, rac, poemis
gmirTa azriT, umaRlesi sikeTea, rac ,,marTali samarTlis
qmnaa” da ,,rac xmel xes gaanedlebs”.
me vfiqrob, rom qristianuli eklesiis poziciidan
gamomdinare kaTolikosis azri savsebiT kanonzomieria.
magram k. cincaZe ar aris Tanmimdevruli. mis mier
warmodgenili ideur-Sinaarsobrivi analizi poemisa
tendenciuria. saqarTvelos eklesiis saWeTmpyrobelis
keTilSobiluri Canafiqri naTelia. mas bolSevikuri
ideologiis batonobis pirobebSi Cveni eklesiis Seryeuli
avtoritetis asamaRleblad surs daamtkicos, rom rusTveli
qristiania da didi poetis azrovneba orTodoqsul
qristianul azrs mihyveba. rogor asabuTebs kaTolikosi
Tavis Canafiqrs? rogor uxuWavs Tvals mis mier borotad
miCneul nestanisa da tarielis moqmedebas? kalistrates
azriT, poema mainc qristianulia imitom, rom poemis mTavari
dadebiTi moqmedi piri aris TinaTini, xolo nestani
uaryofiTi personaJia. prologi, romelSic tarielia
miCneuli poemis mTavar moqmed gmirad, k. cincaZis azriT,
rusTvelis dawerili ar aris. da ai, kaTolikosis
CanafiqriT, poemaSi gamoikveTa qristianuli mrwamsis
qvakuTxedi: ,,wyalobaÁ mnebavs da ara msxuerpli, rameTu ara
moved wodebad marTalTa, aramed codvilTa sinanulad” (maT.
9, 13). misi azriT, qristianulad ganswavlulma ,,TinaTinma, mis
mier miwveuli gonieri kacis daxmarebiT... qajeTis cixeSi
datyvevebuli indoeTis ufliswuli ganaTavisufla” (73, gv.
247). magram es pozicia ukve araTanmimdevrulia.
vefxistyaosnis ideur-Sinaarsobrivi xazi ver itans im
tendenciur dalagebas, romelsac mkvlevari masSi debs.
k. cincaZe aRar fiqrobs imaze, Tu rogor moxerxda
nestanisa da tarielis mier Cadenili ,,borotebis” gamosyidva;
tarielisa da nestanis aRorZineba axali cxovrebisaken;
rogor moaxerxes qristianulad ganbrZnobilma TinaTinma da
,,mis mier mowveulma gonierma kacma” gmirebis gamoyvana
gansacdelidan. poema am kiTxvaze pirdapir pasuxs iZleva:
avTandilis mier nestanis kvalis mignebaSi gardamtexi
momenti aris avTandilis mier WaSnagiris mokvla. WaSnagiris
mokvlis Sedegad gaigo avTandilma didi xnis sanetaro ambavi
_ nestanis Tavgadasavali da adgilsamyofeli. qristianuli
eTikis TvalsazrisiT aris Tu ara WaSnagiris mokvla xvarazm-
Sahis Zis mkvlelobaze naklebi danaSauli? araviTar
SemTxvevaSi! marTalia, rusTveli am ambavs TiTqos ufro
,,Cqmalavs” da masze ufro naklebad amaxvilebs yuradRebas,
magram es mxolod imitom, rom xvarazm-Sahis Zis mkvleloba
ufro mniSvnelovania siuJetis ganviTarebisaTvis. igi
mkiTxvelsac ufro akvirvebs da afiqrebs. magram es imitom,
rom am saqmis Camgonebeli nestania. WaSagiris mkvlelobis
Camgonebeli ki _ fatmani (WaSnagiris mkvleloba, fatmanis
zneobidan gamomdinare, ar gveucxoeba. nestanis
maRalmoraluri saxis fonze ki misi gadawyvetileba sasiZos
mokvlisa gvafiqrebs). qristianuli moralis TvalsazrisiT ki
es momentebi mxedvelobaSi ar miiReba. piriqiT, SeiZleba
vifiqroT, rom avTandilis saqcieli TiTqos ufro mZime
danaSaulicaa. avTandilma udanaSaulo kaci mokla ,,siZvis
diacis” SesmeniT. tarielma ki analogiuri saqcieli Caidina
mijnuris da momavali dedoflis davalebiT. tarielis
saqciels keTili Canafiqri aqvs: siyvarulis gamarjveba,
mijnurTa SeerTeba, indoeTis sruli damoukideblobis
SenarCuneba. avTandili ki yovelive amas mxolod ,,siZvis
diacis” kapriziT akeTebs da ar aris darwmunebuli, rom mis
moqmedebas raime dadebiTi Sedegi danamdvilebiT mohyveba. is
ubralod cnobismoyvareobiT moqmedebs: ,,ama saqmisa ver-
cnoba, _ Tqva, _ Cemi siZunte arsa” (1109). avTandilma jer
WaSnagiris mcvelebi daxoca:
TviTo xeli yelsa mihyo, munve misca sulTa xdasa,
Tavi Tavsa Seutaka gauria tvini Tmasa (1114).
Semdeg WaSnagiris sawolosaken gaemarTa:
 xel-sisxliani avTandil Sedga taniTa janiTa;
veRar aeswra, idumal mokla, verca Tu vcaniTa,
xeli mohkida, miwasa daaskvna, dakla daniTa (1115).
avTandilma borotmoqmedebis kvalis dasafaravad
WaSnagiris gvami sarkmlidan zRvaSi gadaagdo. xolo fatmanis
cnobismoyvareobis dasakmayofileblad misi ukanaskneli
davalebac Seasrula: ,,beWdiTurT TiTi mohkveTa” (1116).
amgvarad, avTandilmac boroti saqme Caidina, magram igi
borotad ar damTavrda. piriqiT, TiTqosda swored amis
pasuxad avTandils ausrulda nanatri: fatmanma imave saRamos
nestanis adgilsamyofeli auwya.
ase rom, poema ar mihyveba kaTolikosis Canafiqrs.
qarTuli eklesia, Zvelad, aRorZinebis xanaSi, ufro
Tanmimdevrulad msjelobda, roca araqristianulad miaCnda
ra nestanis da tarielis moqmedeba, Tvlida maT poemis
mTavar gmirebad da polemikas umarTavda rusTvels.
aRorZinebis xanis qarTul eklesias ar amoZravebda is
tendencia, ramac aiZula kalistrate cincaZe
araTanmimdevruli yofiliyo. amitomac msjelobda ra
qristianul eTikaze dayrdnobiT, qarTul eklesias poema
qristianuli zneobisaTvis miuRebel nawarmoebad miaCnda.
aSkarad qarTuli eklesiis erTi frTis ganwyobilebas
gamoxatavs is strofi, romelic aRorZinebis xanas
poemisaTvis waumZRvarebia:
pirvel-Tavi, dasawyisi, naTqvamia ig sparsulad,
uxmobT vefxistyaosnobiT, arssa Seiqms xorcs, ar
sulad,
saeroa, ar axsenebs samebas erT-arsulad,
Tu uyura monazonman Seiqmnebis gaparsulad 1 .
am strofSi (misi variantiTurT: ,,aras gvargebs
saukunos, ra dRe iqmnas aRsasrulad”), rogorc zemoT
aRvniSneT, Camoyalibebulia ramdenime kritikuli debuleba
poemis religiuri msoflmxedvelobis Taobaze:
1. vefxistyaosani arsad Tvlis xorcs da ara suls (67,
gv. 17); 2. poema erTarsebad ar axsenebs samebas; 3.
vefxistyaosnis rwmena-mibaZva monazons warwymeds; 4. poema

1
es strofi poemaSi erT-erTi adrindeli CanarTi unda iyos: a.
gawerilias azriT, misi avtori ,,Tamaris epoqas Tu ara aRorZinebis
periodze adrindel xanas mainc unda ekuTvnodes” (50, gv.37). p. ingoroyva
am strofs XIV saukuniT aTariRebs (101, gv. XXXVII), tr. ruxaZe ki
aRorZinebis xanis CanarTad miiCnevs (206, gv. 100). yovel SemTxvevaSi, am
strofs Semounaxavs yvela sxva cnobaze ufro Zveli kritikuli azri
vefxistyaosanze (67, gv. 17).
saukuno, saiqio cxovrebisaTvis araviTar sargebels ar
gvaZlevs.
amgvarad, udavoa, rom moyvanili Sexeduleba poemas
antiqristianul2 nawarmoebad Tvlis eTikuri
TvalsazrisiTac (1, 2 da 4 debuleba).
poemis moralur-zneobriv mxareze aRorZinebis xanis
Sexedulebis gasaTvaliswineblad uaRresad sainteresoa
vaxtang VI erTi gancxadeba. poemis 1712 wlis gamocemaze
darTul ,,ganmartebaSi” swavluli mefe saintereso cnobas
iZleva: ,,ucodinarobiTa da soflis nivTTa SemsWvalviTa
sameZaod sTargmnidnen mis ritorisa da brZen mecnierisa
keTilad namuSakevisa samuSakosa” (705, gv. spv). am frazidan
aSkarad Cans, rom 1712 wlisaTvis gavrcelebuli iyo poemis
,,sameZaod” Targmna. antiqristianulad ganmartavdnen poemis
swored moralur-zneobriv mxares. am Zvel Tvalsazriss
vaxtangma poemis zneobrivi mxaris qristianuli mistikur-
alegoriuli ganmarteba daupirispira3.
poemis antiqristianul xasiaTze aSkarad miuTiTebda
kaTolikosi anton pirveli:
SoTa brZen-iyo, sibrZnis-moyuare friad,
filosfosi, metyuÀli sparsTa enis.
Tu-sam hswadoda, RuTis-metyuÀlica maRal,
ucxo-sakÂruÀl piitikos-mestixe,
magra amaod dahSura, sawux-ars ese (607, gv. 188).
2
vamjobineb termins ,,antiqristianuli” da ara ,,araqristianuli”.
,,araqristianuli” niSnavs ara qristianuli religiis, aramed sxva
religiis, anda aTeisturi poziciis aRiarebas: ,,antiqristianuli” me mesmis,
rogorc qristianul orTodoqsuli Sexedulebisadmi raRaciT
dapirispirebuli da mas amgvari datvirTviT viyeneb.
3
vaxtangma vefxistyaosnis religiur-mistikuri gaazrebis SesaZlebloba
dauSva. miuxedavad imisa, rom aseTi koncefcia siyvarulze organulia
vaxtangis poeturi SemoqmedebisaTvis (170a), vefxistyaosnis amgvari
ganmartebisas mefe-komentatori TviTon ar iyo darwmunebuli sakuTari
Tvalsazrisis absoluturobaSi. amitom werda: ,,Tu unda esec ar iyos da
ise iyos, Targmani xom asre sjobs” (705, gv. spÀ). mefes keTilSobiluri
ganzraxva amoZravebda. mas undoda poema daecva samRvdeloebis devnisagan
da swored amitom scada misi ganmarteba, rom eklesiisaTvis misaRebi
gaexada: ,,queynis ufrosi avis damSleli Ãams da amad davSver” (705, gv.
spÀ). vaxtangis ganmarteba ar gaiziares qarTuli eklesiis mesveurebma da
arc XIX saukunis rusTvelologebma. Tumca vaxtangis wreSi poemis
amgvari ganmarteba gavrcelebula. vaxtangVI-is am Tvalsazrisis gavlenas
ganicdis daviT guramiSvili (629, gv. 22):
odesac brZenman ritorman SoTam rgo igavT xeo da,
fesv Rrma-yo, Srtono uCina, zed xili moiweoda.
orgziTve nayofs miscemda, visganac moirxeoda,
leqsi rusTvlisebr naTqvami me sxvisa ver vnaxeo da.
XX saukunis rusTvelologTa mier umTavresad vaxtangis `Targmanis~
ZiriTadi xazi naZaladevad da xelovnurad iyo miCneuli (28, gv. 426).
am iambikodan udavod Cans, rom anton kaTolikosi didad
afasebs SoTas pirovnebas, mis niWs. magram qristianuli
eklesiis mamamTavars uTuod imis gamo miaCnia SoTas poezia
,,amaod daSuromad”, rom igi poemas ar Tvlis Tanmimdevrul
qristianul nawarmoebad. antoni garkveviT wers: ,,SoTa... iyo...
Tu sam swadoda, RuTis metyuÀlica maRal”. am sityvebis
dReisaTvis miRebuli akaki SaniZiseuli ganmartebiT,
kaTolikosi ambobs: SoTa, rom moewadinebina, didi
RvTismetyvelic iqnebodao (243, gv. 283; 31, gv. 167-168) (anda
sxva SesaZlebeli ganmartebiT: sadac swadda, SoTa
RvTismetyvelic iyoo). maSasadame, anton pirvelis azriT,
rusTveli potenciiT iyo RvTismetyveli: rom moewadinebina,
maSin iqneboda (an sadac surda, iq iyo) RvTismetyveli. aqedan
ki is daskvna gamodis, rom rusTvels ar surda, WeSmaritad
ar surda (an yvelgan ar surda) RvTismetyveleba. iseTi
nawarmoebi ki, romlis avtors ar surs iyos RvTismetyveli
(an romelic yvelgan RvTismetyveluri ar aris),
orTodoqsuli eklesiis TvalsazrisiT, WeSmaritad
qristianuli ver iqneba1. antonis azriT, swored esaa
rusTvelis pirovnebis ZiriTadi nakli, amitom daSura igi
amaod.
vefxistyaosani aSkarad antiqristianul nawarmoebad
miaCnia timoTe mTavarepiskoposs. igi poetis Sesaxeb wers:
,,mTqmeli leqsTa borotTa, romelman aswava qarTvelTa
siwmidisa wil bilweba da ganryvna qristianoba. xolo
uwinares Cvensa umecarTa saRmrTod Targmnes boroti leqsi
misi. aRswera qalisa visTvisme: Tvali melnisa, piri brolisa,
Rawvi Zowisa, da amisa gamo dedani saqarTvelosani xatad
RmTisa Seqmnilsa saxisa wil feradTa wamalTa icxeben da
micvalebulTa TmaTa moiben sabrÃed sulTa” (623, gv. 80)2.
qarTlis mTavarepiskoposis azri naTelia. igi poemas
moralur-zneobrivi TvalsazrisiT qristianuli eTikisaTvis
Seuwynarebel Txzulebad miiCnevs.
amgvarad, eWvi ar aris, rom qarTuli eklesia, ixilavs
ra poemas qristianuli eTikis poziciebidan, mis moralur-
zneobriv mxares antiqristianulad Tvlis. xom ar Semcdara
qarTuli eklesia? SemTxveviTi xom ar aris qarTuli
eklesiis mesveurTa naazrevi? vfiqrob, rom _ ara.

1
swored es garemoeba ar aris saTanadod gaazrebuli im naSromebSi,
romlebic cdiloben anton kaTalikosis Tvalsazrisi rusTvelze
erTgvarad ,,Searbilon” (67, gv. 40).
2
es minaweri timoTes Tavdapirvelad aSiaze Seusrulebia. Semdeg erT-erT
xelnawerSi minaweri sakuTriv teqstSi SeutaniaT da timoTes igi
sintaqsurad gaumarTavs (161, gv. 80).
qristianuli eTikis TvalsazrisiT, vefxistyaosnis zneoba
samagaliTo ar aris.

qristianuli eTikis ZiriTadi principebi

qristianuli gamocxadebiT zneobrivi kanonis mTeli

arsi da sikeTis umTavresi stiqia esaa siyvaruli, magram ar
arsebobs sikeTe, garda RmerTisa, radgan ,,aravin ars saxieri,
garna mxoloÁ RmerTi” (mT. 19,17) da ar arsebobs siyvaruli
garda RmerTisa, radgan ,,RmerTi siyuaruli ars... da Cuen
vcanT da gurwmena siyvaruli, romeli aqus RmerTsa Cuenda
momarT” (1 ioane, 4, 16). Cveni zneobrivi srulyofis xarisxi
ganisazRvreba im ZaliTa da energiiT, romliTac Cven
miviswrafviT RmerTisaken, rogorc umaRlesi sikeTisaken,
ramdenadac qristianuli moZRvrebiT udidesi da upirvelesi
mcneba, romelic ufalma adamianebs aswavla, esaa: ,,Seiyuaro
ufali Seni yovliTa guliTa da gonebiTa SeniTa” (mT. 22, 37;
mr. 12, 30).
RvTaebisaken amaRlebis am gzaze pirvel rigSi
aucilebelia mkacri dacva zneobrivi kanonisa: ,,ara kac-hkla,
ara iparo, ara imruSo, ara cili swamo. pativ-ec mamasa Sensa
da dedasa Sensa da Seiyuaro moyvasi Seni, viTarca Tavi TÂsi”
(mT. 19, 18. 19). xolo imas, visac surs mTeli TavdaviwyebiT
SeuerTdes RvTaebas, ieso aswavlis: ,,ukueTu gnebavs, raÁTa
srul iyo, warved da ganyide monagebi Seni da miec glaxakTa
da gaqundes saunje caTa Sina da moved da Semomideg me” (mT.
19, 21). RmerTisaken anu sikeTisaken miswrafebis gzaze
gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs ara mxolod imas, rom ar
moimoqmedo boroti, aramed imas, rom ara izraxo boroti,
rom sazogadod ganeSoro borot azrebs. imisTvis ki, rom
ganeSoro borot zraxvas, mTlianad unda uaryo xorcieli,
amqveyniuri, adamianuri azri, fiqri da miswrafeba da
daamkvidro SenSi mxolod sulze, imqveyniur cxovrebaze,
RvTaebriv arsebaze fiqri: ,,rameTu zraxvaÁ igi ÃorcTaÁ
mteroba ars RmrTisa; rameTu sjulsa mas RmrTisasa ver
daemorCilebis da verca Zal-uc” da ,,zraxvaÁ igi ÃorcTaÁ
sikudil ars, xolo zraxvaÁ igi sulisaÁ cxovreba ars da
mSÂdoba~ (rom 8,7.6.). RvTaebrivi kanoni gadaWriT gmobs
xorciel cxovrebas, miwier azrovnebas, amqveyniur fiqrebs,
adamianur saqmeebze zrunvas: `rameTu romelni-igi ÃorcTa
Sina arian, RmrTisa saTno-yofad ver Zal-uc~ (rom, 8,8). da
swored es xorcieli cxovreba, romelic upirispirdeba
sulier cxovrebas, aris boroteba, codva, anu sikeTis
sawinaaRmdego moqmedeba.
 codva RvTismetyvelebis enaze ewodeba rogorc
Segnebul, aseve Seugnebel gadaxvevas RvTaebrivi mcnebisagan;
RvTaebrivi mcnebis darRvevas rogorc saqmiT da sityviT,
aseve mxolod ganzraxviT, gafiqrebiT. mociqulis
gansazRvrebiT, codva aris ukanonoba: `codvaÁ igi ars
usjuloebaÁ~ (I ioane 3,4). codva sxvadasxvagvaria. gamoyofen
codvis or ZiriTad kategorias: erTia grZnobiTi xasiaTis
codva, romelic grZnobiT dakmayofilebaSi da cxovrebiseul
tkbobaSi mdgomareobs. meorea sulieri xasiaTis codva:
siamaye, qedmaRloba da sxva; codvis sxvadasxva kategoriaze
mociqulic miuTiTebda: `yovelive sofelsa Sina ese ars
gulis TqumaÁ ÃorcTaÁ da gulis TqumaÁ TualTaÁ da silaRe
amis cxorebisaÁ~ (I ioane 2, 16). RvTismetyvelebaSi RvTaebrivi
mcnebis darRveva gagebulia rogorc sakuTari nebis dayeneba
uflis kanonis adgilze: vinc mihyveba sakuTar nebas, is
ewinaaRmdegeba RmerTs. am kuTxiT scodavs ara mxolod is,
vinc Seuracxyofs moyvass, aramed isic, vinc ar exmareba
moyvass; ramdenadac RvTaebrivi mcneba ara marto
borotebisagan ganSorebas, aramed sikeTis qmnasac moiTxovs.
codva SeiZleba iyos: gulisTqmiTi, sityvieri da
saqmiTi. Cadenili `usjuloebis~ Sinaarsis mixedviT codva
samgvaria: codva RmerTis winaSe (urwmunoeba, eresi da sxva),
codva moyvasis winaaRmdeg (mokvla, qurdoba, ciliswameba da
sxva), codva sakuTari Tavis winaSe (garyvnileba, gaumaZRroba
da sxva).
mociqulis sityviT, qristiani codvisaTvis ufro
mkacrad isjeba, magram isjeba warmarTic, masac SeeZlo ar
Caedina codva (rom. 1, 14-32). sazogadod warmodgena codvaze
damaxasiaTebelia ara mxolod qristianobis, aramed yvela
ganviTarebuli sazogadoebis religiisaTvis.
qristianuli siyvarulis arsi, romelic zneobrivi
moZRvrebis centrSi dgas, TviTSewirvaSi, sakuTari
pirovnebis msxverplad mitanaSi, TavganwirvaSi mdgomareobs:
`uar-yavn Tavi TÂsi~ (mT. 16, 24), _ aswavlis ufali
morwmuneebs. borotebis arsi ki TavmoyvareobaSi, sakuTari
pirovnebis siyvarulSi mdgomareobs. WeSmariti qristianuli
siyvaruli ar emsaxureba sakuTar miznebs. igi ar iRwvis
TavisTvis, arc Tavisi miswrafebebisa da survilebisTvis,
radganac `siyuaruli... ara eZiebn Tavisasa,... arad Sehracxis
boroti~ _ `...ar eZebs Tavisas… ar ganizraxavs borots~ (I kor.
13, 5). magram sad aris zRvari sakuTari Tavis siyvarulsa da
moyvasis siyvaruls Soris? amazec naTlad pasuxobs `saRvTo
werili~, radganac, visac uyvars Tavisi mSoblebi, igi
moqmedebs RvTaebrivi kanoniT, mexuTe mcnebiT (`pativ-ec
mamasa Sensa da dedasa Sensa~), magram, visac uyvars Tavisi
coli, uyvars sakuTari Tavi, radganac `romelsa uyuardes
coli TÂsi, Tavi TÂsi uyuars~ (efes. 5, 28).
amgvarad, qristianuli gamocxadebiT, principulad
gansxvavdeba erTamaneTisagan ori saxe siyvarulisa:
erTi mxriv _ TviTSewirva, sakuTari pirovnebis
uaryofa. igi aris umaRlesi saxe sakuTari sulis, sakuTari
meobis siyvarulisa. ramdenadac, uyvars ra RmerTi, adamians
uyvars RmerTSi sakuTari Tavi, Tavisi umaRlesi meoba _
gamoxatuleba RvTaebrivi sawyisisa. RmerTisadmi siyvaruli
aniWebs mas umaRles netarebas. aseT siyvarulSi mdgomareobs
qristianuli zneobis arsi, sikeTe. RmerTisadmi siyvaruli da
moyvasisadmi siyvaruli aris amqveynad adamianuri sikeTis
gamovlenis anu qvelmoqmedebis umaRlesi formebi.
qristianuli eTikiT, amqveynad, adamianTa moqmedebaSi,
RvTaebrivi sikeTis gamovlenis erTaderTi forma aris
qvelmoqmedeba. amgvarad, qristianuli TvalsazrisiT,
qvelmoqmedeba erTgvarad igive sikeTea.
meore mxriv _ sakuTari Tavis, sakuTari pirovnebis
siyvaruli, sakuTari miznebis, sakuTari interesebis, sakuTari
miswrafebebis siyvaruli. swored siyvarulis am saxeobas
mihyavs adamini codvamde. ufro metic, TviT amgvari saxe
siyvarulisa, adamianSi amgvari zraxvebis arseboba aris ukve
codva: da is, vinc misdevs sakuTar wadils, sakuTar
interesebs, sakuTar miswrafebebs, aris codvili.
religiuri TvalsazrisiT, adamiani Tavisi amqveyniuri
miswrafebebiT, Tavisi xorcieli interesebiT ver poulobs
cxovrebis, arsebobis WeSmarit gzas. ramdenadac WeSmariteba
sulis sikeTeSi mdgomareobs, amqveyniuri interesi ki xorcs
emsaxureba. adamiani Tavisi interesiT akeTebs mas, rac mis
RvTaebriv meobas, mis suls ar unda. amitomac, roca CvenSi
adamiani moqmedebs da ara RvTaebrivi kanoni anu
gamocxadebis mcnebani, codva moqmedebs. ase ganmartavda am
Tvalsazriss mociquli pavle:
`ese uwyiT, rameTu sjuli sulieri ars, xolo me
Ãorciel var da ganfrdil codvasa Sina. rameTu romelsa-igi
viqm, ara vici; rameTu ara romeli-igi me mnebavs, mas viqm,
aramed romeli-igi mZuls, mas vhyof... aw ukue arRara me viqm
mas, aramed romeli-igi damkÂdrebul ars Cem Tana codvaÁ.
rameTu uwyi, viTarmed araraÁ damkÂdrebul ars Cem Tana, ese
igi ars, ÃorcTa Sina CemTa, keTili, rameTu nebaÁ igi wina mic
me, xolo saqmed keTilisa mis ara vhpoveb. rameTu ara
romeli-igi mnebavs keTili, mas vhyof, aramed romeli-igi ara
mnebavs boroti, mas viqm. xolo ukueTu, romeli-igi ara
mnebavs da mas vhyof, arRara me viqm mas, aramed romeli-igi
damkÂdrebul ars Cem Tana codvaÁ~ (rom. 7, 14. 15. 17-20).
vefxistyaosnis idealur gmirTa zneoba qristianuli
eTikis TvalsazrisiT

davubrundeT vefxistyaosans. vfiqrob, zedmetia

mtkiceba, rom vefxistyaosnis gmirTa moqmedeba, zemoT
Camoyalibebuli mrwamsis mixedviT sikeTed ar CaiTvleba.
TavisTavad cxadia, rom nestanisa da tarielis interesebi,
maTi mizani da miswrafebani swored is xorcieli
miswrafebebia, romelTac mociquli codvas uwodebs. xolo
nestanisa da tarielis siyvaruli aris ara TviTSewirva,
sakuTari pirovnebis uaryofa, aramed sakuTari Tavis
siyvaruli (`romelsa uyuardes coli TÂsi, Tavi TÂsi
uyuars~), sakuTari pirovnebis siyvaruli, sakuTari miznebis,
interesebis, miswrafebebis siyvaruli. es azri daufaravadaa
Caqsovili maT survilSi: `me da Sen visxdeT xelmwifed, sjobs
yovlsa siZe-sZlobasa~ (540). sazogadod nestanis pirovnebis,
misi xasiaTis erT-erTi ZiriTadi Tviseba aris swored is,
rac qristianuli moralis TvalsazrisiT sulieri xasiaTis
codvad iTvleba, esaa Tavmoyvareoba, siamaye da qedmaRloba 1.
tarielisa da nestanis saqcieli farsadanis mimarT,
qristianuli TvalsazrisiT, aris darRveva `uflis mexuTe
mcnebisa~ (`pativ-ec mamasa Sensa da dedasa Sensa~). nestanisa da
tarielis TaTbiri sasiZos mosaklavad da fatmanis
davalebiT avTandilis mier WaSnagiris mokvlis gadawyveta,
religiuri eTikiT, aris codva Segnebuli, Tavisufali,
rodesac adamiani gadawyvets, ganizraxavs `usjuloebas~,
ukanonobas da ar cdilobs winaaRmdegoba gauwios mas. rac
Seexeba tarielis mier sasiZos mokvlas da avTandilis mier
WaSnagiris mokvlas, qristianuli TvalsazrisiT, esaa codva
saqmiTi, mimarTuli moyvasis winaaRmdeg. amave dros,
umniSvnelovanesia is garemoeba, rom arc nestans da arc
tariels ara aqvT Segnebuli TavianTi `danaSauli~. maT ar
miaCniaT, rom codva Caidines (Sdr. 40, gv. 56). nestanis
dakargviT umagaliTo WirSi Cavardnili tarieli arc
erTxel ar daeWvebula imaSi, rom es Wiri im codvis pasuxia,
romelic man Caidina. arc erTxel ar dafiqrebula imaze, rom

1
nestani `faqizi zneobis qalia, didbunebovani mandilosania. Tavidanve
mSvidi, wynari, morcxvi, moridali, enamWevri da wyliani~ (24, gv. 206).
magram amave dros igi iyo `maxvili grZnobis Tavmoyvare, pativmoyvare da
uflebamoyvare qali~ (24, gv. 208). situaciisda mixedviT nestanis xasiaTSi
sxvadasxva Tviseba wamoiwevs wina planze. mSoblebis usamarTlo
saqcielma `gaacofa saTno nestani,... gaxada igi urCi, ukmexi, kerpi~ (24, gv.
212): `Svili, asuli ulmobelia mSoblebis mimarT, zomaze mkacria, udieria
da uxeSia~ (24, gv. 210).
mis mier Cadenili codva moenaniebia. qajeTis cixeSi
damwyvdeuli nestanis uRrmesi lirizmiT gamsWvalul
werilSi, romelSic mravalgzisaa xazgasmuli, rom maT
sofelma da bedma uyo yovelive, rac daemarTaT, arc erTxel
araa miniSnebuli maT mier Cadenil codvaze.
nestani emdurvis beds da yovelives abralebs soflis
simuxTles: `hxedava, Cemo, sofeli raTa saqmeTa mqmnelia?~
(1294); `hxedav, Cemo, viT gagvyara sofelman da Jamman
krulman!~ (1295); `aw sofelman uaresi Wiri Wirsa damisarTa,
ar dasjerda bedi Cemi maT patiJTa mraval-gvarTa~ (1299):
`risxviT mobrunda borbali Cven zeda cisa Svidisa~ (1309).
nestanis mier qajeTis cixidan mowerili es sityvebi srul
TanxmobaSia rusTveliseul sazogado koncefciasTan:
vaÁ, sofelo, ras Sigan xar, ras gvabrunveb, ra zne
gWirsa!
yovli Seni mondobili niadagmca Cemebr tirsa!
sad waiyvan sadaursa, sad aufxvri sadaT Zirsa!
magra RmerTi ar gaswiravs kacsa, Sengan ganawirsa (952).
ufro metic, nestani Tavis satrfos daufaravad
Camougdebs sityvas imaze, rac maT daemarTaT; magram amas
yvelafers ar abralebs maT sakuTar qmedebas, ufro
gamokveTilad rom vTqvaT, ara maT mier Cadenil codvas,
aramed isev da isev beds:
`bedman gviyo yvelakai, Cemo, raca dagvemarTa!~ (1299).
nestani aqac, qajeTis cixeSic, sabediswero dReebidan wlebis
Semdegac, aTasobiT uZilo dRe-Ramisas civi gonebiT gansjis
Semdegac, imave simarTleSia darwmunebuli, ramac
sabediswero gadawyvetileba miaRebina da satrfos sakuTar
simarTleSi imave sityvebiT arwmunebs: `can, samarTali
marTali gulisa gulsa miva rad~ (1308). kidev ufro
niSandoblivia Semdegi garemoeba: fatmanisadmi werilSi
nestani Tavis Wirs ukavSirebs sakuTar TaTbirs da mis
gadawyvetilebas, sakuTar survils, ganzraxvas, `danapirebs~:
`avad momixda TaTbiri da Cemi danapirebi!~ (1286). ramdenadac
gmirma sakuTari Wiri daukavSira sakuTar moqmedebasa da
mizandasaxulobas, es ukanaskneli, qristianuli eTikidan
gamomdinare, uTuod codvad unda aReqva. magram nestans ar
miaCnia, rom man Sescoda da rom amdenad Wiri, romelSiac
TviTon Cavarda, kanonzomieria. nestani erT sityvasac ar
ambobs sakuTar `codvaze~ da, rac mTavaria, ar inaniebs mas.
nestanis sityvebSi nacvlad momnaniebeli mcodvelisa
imedgacruebuli adamianis xma ismis.
Tu wminda religiuri eniT vityviT, gmirebs ar
axasiaTebs monaniebis grZnoba, uromlisodac WeSmariti
religiuri gancda warmoudgenelia1. da riTac mkveTradaa
gamsWvaluli Sua da axali saukuneebis mTeli literatura.
sakmarisia davasaxeloT wminda avgustines `aRsarebani~ (wg. I,
Tavi VII); daviT aRmaSeneblis `galobani sinanulisani~; Toma
akvinelis Txzulebis `summa warmarTTa winaaRmdeg~ (`Summa
contra Gentiles~) meore wigni, romelic miZRvnilia adamianuri
sulis problemebisadmi; rusos `savoieli vikaris aRsareba~,
romelic CarTulia `emilis~ meoTxe TavSi; tolstois
`aRdgoma~ da dostoevskis `danaSauli da sasjeli~.
amgvarad, qristianuli TvalsazrisiT, rusTvelis
gmirebi scodaven, codvas Cadian da ar inanieben mas.
maSasadame, qristianuli TvalsazrisiT, poemis idealuri
personaJebi borotebasTan arian naziarebi da ara sikeTesTan.
amdenad, qristianuli eTikidan gamomdinare, savsebiT sworia
poemis mimarT wamoyenebuli braldebani: `arssa Seiqms xorcs,
ar sulad~, `aras gvargebs saukunos, ra dRe iqmnas
aRsasrulad~, poemam `aswava qarTvelTa siwmidisa wil
boroti bilweba~.
magram, ra Tqma unda sxva TvalsazrisiT (saero,
humanisturi, adamianuri miswrafebebis poziciidan)
vefxistyaosani am braldebebs ar imsaxurebs (313, 314, gv. 285).
poemis gmirebi ar emsaxurebian borotebas. poemaSi saukeTeso
adamianuri Tvisebebi da Rirsebebia gaidealebuli.
qristianulma eklesiam bunebrivia, rom religiuri kanonis
kuTxiT Sexeda poemas da iqidan Seafasa misi eTika.
rusTvelologiam ar gaiziara qarTuli eklesiis azri poemis
moralur mxareze. specialur rusTvelologiur
literaturaSi miCneulia, rom nestanis saxe aris `saxe didi
emociuri da inteleqtualuri pirovnebisa, Rrmad grZnobieri
da Rrmad ideuri...~ (24, gv. 217). tarielic `srulqmnili
raindis sakacobrio mimzidveli~ saxea (25, gv. 202). ufro
metic, rusTveli sagangebod gamoyofs da mxars uWers
tarielis pirovnebas. poetma prologSi yuradReba mxolod
tariels miapyro: `mo, davsxdeT, tarielisTvis cremli gvdis
SeuSrobeli~ (7). erTi fiqriT, SeiZleba gulSi gavivloT,
rom poeti Cveni cremliT tarielis codvaTa gamosyidvisken
mogviwodebs. magram ara! rusTveli tarielis dramis
gancdisaken mogviwodebs. mas erTi wuTiTac ar epareba eWvi
gmiris WeSmaritebaSi; imaSi, rom misi msgavsi, swori
dabadebiT aravin Sobila: `misebri marT dabadebiT vinmca
yofila Sobili!~ (7).

1
am TvalsazrisiT mkveTrad gansxvavdeba poemis gmirTa azrovnebisagan
sakuTriv avtoris pozicia. rusTveli poemis prologSive SesTxovs
RmerTs sakuTari, sulis `mun Tana wasatani~, codvebis Semsubuqebas (2).
 yvelaze metad niSandoblivi is aris, rom rusTveli
aSkarad mxars uWers gmirTa moqmedebas, igi qeba-didebas
asxams mis sayvarel personaJebs, eTanxmeba maT, aidealebs maT
zneobas. Cemi azriT, daskvna mxolod erTi SeiZleba iyos:
poema agebulia Tavisebur eTikur sistemaze. rusTvelis mier
poemis safuZvelSi Caqsovili moralur-zneobrivi principebi
mkacrad ar misdevs qristianuli eTikis normebs. rusTveli
Suasaukuneobrividan gansxvavebul axlebur zneobriv
sistemaze agebs nawarmoebs.

sikeTisa da qvelmoqmedebis arsi vefxistyaosnis

eTikur koncefciaSi

rusTvelis eTikuri sistemis centrSi, sapirispirod

qristianuli moralur-zneobrivi moZRvrebisa, dgas ara
mxolod RmerTi, aramed admianic (95, gv. 153; 273, gv. 281),
amqveyniuri cxovreba (449, gv. 70; 272, gv. 99-100), adamianuri
idealebi, realuri cxovrebis saukeTeso miznebi da
miswrafebebi (453, gv. 92-94), `amqveyniuri, miwieri,
materialuri garemo, sazogadoebis materialuri da sulieri
cxovrebis rTuli sinamdvile~ (28, gv. 226). esaa rusTvelis
zneobrivi sistemis ZiriTadi RerZi.
poemis eTikuri koncefciiT sikeTe bednierebaSi
mdgomareobs. mxolod es bedniereba adaminuri netarebaa,
amqveyniuri bednierebaa da ara mxolod RvTaebisaken,
rogorc sikeTis umaRlesi gamoxatulebisaken swrafva (450; gv.
196-197)1. poema amtkicebs, `rom sicocxle didi sikeTea, didi
bednierebaa~ (28, gv. 228). sicocxlisadmi siyvaruli poemaSi
sityvieradacaa aRiarebuli (132, gv. 91)): `momkal, kacsa
sicocxlisa sworad raca moexmaros!~ (745). poemis gmirTa
moqmedebis mizani `RvTaebriv mcnebaTa~ ukompromiso

1
naTqvami imgvarad ar unda gavigoT, TiTqos poemis gmirTa koncefciiT
gamoricxuli iyos imqveynad, sikvdilis Semdeg RvTaebasTan SeerTeba.
poemis gmirTa religiuri warmodgeniT xazgasmulia sulis ukvdavebac,
sikvdilis Semdeg RvTaebasTan amaRlebac da imis rwmenac, rom sikvdilis
Semdeg sulTa erTi nawili miwaSi, qvesknelSi damkvidrdeba da meore _
zecaSi, samoTxeSi. aqedan gamomdinare, bunebrivia gmirebi miiswrafvian
zecisaken, samoTxisaken, RmerTisaken: `miT viswavlebiT, mogveces SerTva
zesT mwyobrTa wyobisa~ (792). magram es aris rwmenis sfero. erTia rwmena
da meorea misi gamoxatuleba moqmedebaSi, zneobaSi, eTikaSi. gmirTa
amqveyniuri moqmedeba ar aris gamsWvaluli am rwmeniT. ufro zustad,
gmirTa amqveyniuri moqmedeba ar aris STagonebuli mxolod da mxolod
imqveyniuri cxovrebiT. e. i. gmirTa amqveyniuri cxovreba da moqmedeba ar
aris normirebuli `RvTaebrivi mcnebebiT~ imqveynad sasufevelSi
Sesasvlelad. gmirTa amqveyniuri moqmedeba amqveyniuri miznebiTaa
ganpirobebuli.
morCileba ki ar aris, aramed _ amqveyniuri, adamianuri
bednierebis, adamianuri netarebis miRweva, amaRlebuli
sulieri ltolvis, wminda `miwieri siyvarulis~ gamarjveba.
vefxistyaosanSic sikeTis anu bednierebis
gamoxatulebis ZiriTadi forma, iseve rogorc qristianul
religiaSi, aris siyvaruli, mxolod gansxvavebiT
qristianuli eTikis principebisagan poemis siyvarulis
obieqti ar aris RmerTi, RvTaeba. am niSniT es siyvaruli aris
ara RvTaebrivi. misi obieqti amqveyniuria. poeti pirdapir
acxadebs: `vTqvne xelobani qvenani, romelni xorcTa
hxvdebian~ (21). marTlac da poema miwieri, amqveyniuri
siyvarulis apoTeozia. poemis gmirTa miswrafeba, maTi
moqmedebis saboloo mizani amqveyniuri siyvarulis
gamarjvebaa. `brZenTa uTqvams siyvaruli, bolod misi ar-
waxdoma~ (1543), _ askvnis poemis dasasruls rusTveli
rostevanis piriT. poemisaTvis siyvaruli aris amqveyniuri
cxovrebis yvelaze didi saunje, romlis winaSec uZluria
yovelgvari boroteba.
poets siyvaruli Zalian farTod esmis: siyvaruli aris
grZnoba, romelic akavSirebs adamianebs, erTi mizniT razmavs
maT, Sinaarss aZlevs miwier, adamianur yofas. am gagebiT
siyvaruli aerTianebs mijnurobasac da megobrobasac (422, gv.
70; Sdr. 171). rusTvelis megobrobis safuZveli siyvarulia:
`xams moyvare moyvrisaTvis Tavi Wirsa ar damridad,
guli misces gulisaTvis, siyvaruli gzad da xidad~ (705).
avTandilisa da tarielis megobroba Taviseburi
formaa siyvarulisa. ase esmiT gmirebs maTi erTmaneTs Soris
kavSiri. erTi mxriv, avTandili umtkicebs rostevans: `ver
davdgebi Seuyrelad CemTa cecxlTa momdebrisad~ (790). meore
mxriv ki, tarieli ekiTxeba avTandils: `ucxos ucxo agre viTa
Segiyvardi?~ (668). megobroba da mijnuroba poemaSi erTi-
meores gulisxmobs (28, gv. 149; 327, gv. 44). siyvaruli aris
swored adamianSi arsebuli is RvTaebrivi Zala, romelic
rusTvelma daupirispira borotebas da romlis uZleveloba
iqadaga.
maSasadame, Cemi azriT, vefxistyaosnis eTikuri sistemiT
sikeTe, romliskenac iswrafvian poemis gmirebi, bednierebaSi
mdgomareobs da am bednierebis gamoxatulebis umTavresi
stiqia aris amqveyniuri, adamianuri siyvaruli.
eTikuri sistemebi principulad gansxvavdeba
erTmaneTisagan imis mixedviT, Tu ra adgili uWiravs maTSi
saTnoebiT moqmedebas, anu qvelmoqmedebas. poemis siuJetze
dakvirveba gviCvenebs, rom vefxistyaosanSi qvelmoqmedeba
gaazrebulia sikeTis anu bednierebis miRwevis saSualebad.
poemis siuJeturi gaazrebis mixedviT Tu tarielisa da
nestanis SeerTeba, SeuRleba sikeTis anu bednierebis
umaRlesi gamoxatulebaa, avTandilis mTeli moqmedeba
(daxmareba tarielisadmi nestanis ZebnaSi) aris
qvelmoqmedeba, igi aris saSualeba am sikeTis (bednierebis)
misaRwevad. avTandilis moqmedeba mTeli Tavisi
TanmimdevrobiT (WaSnagiris mokvlis epizodiTurT)
emsaxureba nestanisa da tarielis bednierebas da SeiZleba
gaazrebul iqnes mxolod da mxolod am bednierebis miRwevis
saSualebad, anu eTikis enaze, qvelmoqmedebad1. eTikur
koncefciebSi, romlebSiac qvelmoqmedeba miCneulia
saSualebad, es saSualeba yovelTvis aris ara SemTxveviTi,
aramed winaswar gaazrebuli, mofiqrebuli, Tavisufali nebiT
arCeuli gza sikeTis anu bednierebis misaRwevad. amgvar
moqmedebad poemis struqturaSi Cans ara mxolod avTandilis
moRvaweoba, aramed sasiZos mokvlis mTeli epizodi. xvarazm-
Sahis Zis mokvla aris nestanisa da tarielis mier
Tavisufali nebiT arCeuli, winaswar gaazrebuli da
mofiqrebuli gza, saSualeba bednierebis misaRwevad.
ramdenadac es bedniereba aris umaRlesi sikeTe, romliskenac
miiswrafvian gmirebi, am sikeTis miRwevis saSualeba aris
qvelmoqmedeba.
aseve esaxebaT TviTon moqmed gmirebs TavianTi
sakuTari moqmedeba: `qmna marTlisa samarTlisa xesa Seiqms
xmelsa nedlado~ (545) _ askvnis nestani. am ganmartebiT
`marTali samarTlis qmna~ aris Seqmnili situaciidan ukeTesi
gamosavali, romelic sasiZos mokvlaSi gamovlinda. xolo
`xmeli xis ganedleba~ _ Sedegi am moqmedebisa. figuraluri
gamoTqma `xesa Seiqms xmelsa nedlad~ gulisxmobs sikeTes,
bednierebis miRwevas. xolo sasiZos mokvla, romelsac gmiri
`marTali samarTlis qmnas~ uwodebs, aris gza am sikeTis
misaRwevad. amsTanave eWvi araa, rom am ukanasknel
figuralur gamoTqmaSi (`qmna marTlisa samarTlisa~)
qvelmoqmedeba moiazreba2. sazogadod xmeli xis ganedleba

1
avTandilis moqmedeba STagonebulia qristianuli TeziTac: `Seiyuaro
moyuasi Seni, viTarca Tavi TÂsi~. am sakiTxze dawvrilebiT ixileT
qvemoT.
2
`qmna marTlisa samarTlisa~ anu saukeTeso samarTlis ganxorcieleba, e.
i. umaRlesi samarTlinobis dacva aris qvelmoqmedeba, sikeTis
ganxorcieleis saSualeba, maSasadame, erTgvarad sikeTec (saTnoebiTi
moqmedeba, qvelmoqmedeba zogierTi eTikuri koncefciiT aris moqmedebis
mizani). umaRlesi samarTlianobis amgvari gaazreba Cveulebrivi movlenaa.
magaliTad: antikur saberZneTSi cneba Îpieëkeia niSnavda zogjer sikeTes,
zogjer umaRles samarTlianobas. aristotelem am sityvaSi
samarTlinobis umaRlesi forma, utyuari simarTle moiazra da ganmarta:
...kaì ×tÑ mÑn tÙ ÎpieikÑc Îpainoámen kaì ‡ndra tÙn toioáton, ¿ste kaì Îpì t… ˜lla
Îpainoántec metafÐromon ‚ntì toá ‚gajoá, tÙ ÎpieikÐsteron Üti bÐltion dhloántec (Eth.
xalxis azrovnebaSi gavrcelebuli saswaulebrivi movlenaa
da igi upiratesad saTnoebiTi moqmedebis, qvelmoqmedebis
Sedegad an uSualod sikeTedaa miCneuli. am mxriv
sagulisxmoa erTi qarTuli xalxuri zRapari `moxuci
stumari~ (769, gv. 57-61), romelSiac moxuci, romelic RmerTis
an RvTaebrivi Zalis gansaxierebaa, Raribi mTibavis xelSi
vazis wnels aayvavebs, yurZens gamoabams da daamwifebs 1.
niSandoblivia, agreTve, rusuli xalxuri zRapari `codva da
miteveba~ (319, gv. 52), romelSic codvis mitevebis pasuxad
xdeba saswauli: iatakze amoizrdebian vardebi. yvelaze metad
mainc sainteresoa xalxuri zRapari `meudabnovis monanieba~
(319, gv. 53): meudabnovem, romelmac gaasamarTla damnaSave,
unda moinanios manam, vidre ar ayvavildeba xmeli toti. es
saswauli asruldeba maSin, roca meudabnove Seagnebinebs
codvas borotmoqmedT. am zRaparSi, iseve rogorc
vefxistyaosnis Sesabamis epizodSi, xmeli xis ganedleba
sikeTis (borotmoqmedis mier sakuTari codvis monaniebis)
niSania da igi aris Sedegi qvelmoqmedebis (meudabnovis
monaniebis).
xmeli xis ganedlebis motivi saTaves bibliidan unda
iRebdes. ricxvTa wignis me-17 Tavi uflis mier ahronis
kverTxis ayvavebis saswauls gadmoscems 2: `da aha esera
kuerTxi igi ahronisa ganedlebuli iyo, saxlsa zeda levissa,
da gamoiRo furceli da gamoiRo yuavili: da gamosca nayofad
nigozi~ (ric. 17, 8). Zelis ayvavebis saswauli qristianul
mwerlobaSi mraval wmindans miewereba. wmindani, romelic
Tavisi qvelmoqmedebiTi cxovrebiT RmerTs saTno eyo,
SemZlebelia xmeli xis ayvavebisa. Zelis ayvaveba am
SemTxvevaSic RvTaebrivi sikeTis gamovlenaa, romelic
wmindanis saTnoebiTi moRvaweobis pasuxad SeiZleba moxdes.
ase magaliTad, wminda giorgis saswaulTagan 14 taxtis
saswaulis arsi Zelis _ xmeli xis ayvavebaa: meufe (kurëou)
magnentiosi avalebs wm. giorgis locviT daSalos 14 samefo

Nic., 5, 10) _ erTi mxriv, Cven imdenad vaqebT utyuar simarTles da

utyuarad marTal kacs, rom, vaqebT ra, gadagvaqvs es cneba sxva sibrtyeze,
vxmarobT ra mas sikeTis cnebis nacvlad, amiT ki gvinda vTqvaT, rom is,
rac Seicavs Tavis TavSi udides simarTles, amave dros saukeTesocaa
[`nikomaqes eTikis~ berZnuli teqsti yvela SemTxvevaSi mogvyavs
aristoteles TxzulebaTa parizis cnobili gamocemiT (803). moyvanili
citatebis qarTulad ganmartebisas veyrdnobiT am Txzulebis rusul da
frangul Targmanebsac (776; 802)].
1
es zRapari vefxistyaosnis cnobil aforizms pirvelad daukavSira el.
virsalaZem rusTvelis 800 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil literaturis
institutis saiubileo sesiaze wakiTxul moxsenebaSi 1966 wels.
2
am magaliTze Cems mier Camoyalibebuli debulebis sasargeblod m.
karbelaSvilma miuTiTa (107, gv. 271).
taxti ficrebad, Zelebma fesvebi gaidgan da maTgan nayofis
momtanebma nayofi gamoiRon. am davalebas wm. giorgi
asrulebs (544, gv. 7).
amgvarad, Cemi azriT, vefxistyaosanSi Caqsovili
eTikuri poziciiT, qvelmoqmedeba aris sikeTis, anu
bednierebis miRwevis saSualeba.
sazogadod eTikuri Teoriebi SeiZleba daiyos or
jgufad imis mixedviT, miiCneven isini qvelmoqmedebas
saSualebad Tu miznad (429, gv. 199). Tu vefxistyaosnis
moraluri koncefciiT saTnoebiTi moqmedeba aris mxolod
saSualeba sikeTis misaRwevad; qristianuli eTikis
TvalsazrisiT saTnoebiTi moqmedeba, qvelmoqmedeba mizania
amqveyniuri moqmedebisa. ramdenadac sikeTe, qristianuli
TvalsazrisiT, uSualo Sedegia qvelmoqmedebis _ saTnoebiTi
moRvaweobis, saTnoebiT moRvaweobas qristianuli eTika
Tvlis TviTmiznur moqmedebad. mas afasebs TavisTavad da ara
misgan gamomdinare Sedegis mixedviT (iqve). amitomaa, rom,
filonis azriT, qvelmoqmedeba aris xorcielobisagan
ganTavisuflba da igi ganxorcieldeba RvTaebasTan SexebiT,
SeerTebiT (348, gv. 235). qristiani morwmune Cadis ra
qvelmoqmedebas, Tavisi moqmedebis Sedegs xedavs TviT am
moqmedebaSi. igi `tkbeba~ Tavisi moqmedebiT, mas igi
warmoudgenia sikeTed, ramdenadac, qristianuli zneobiT,
sikeTis gamovlenis erTaderTi forma amqveynad aris
`RvTaebriv mcnebaTa~ dacva, e. i. qvelmoqmedeba, saTnoebiTi
moqmedeba. amdenad, vefxistyaosnis eTika, xedavs ra
qvelmoqmedebaSi saSualebas sikeTis misaRwevad, Tavisi
konstruqciiT gansxvavdeba qristianuli moraluri
koncefciidan, romlis mixedviTac saTnoebiTi moqmedeba aris
mizani moqmedebisa; qvelmoqmedebaSi uSualod aris
gamoxatuli sikeTe. amitomac, vefxistyaosnis eTikuri
koncefciiT, qvelmoqmedebad gaazrebuli umTavresi siuJeturi
momentebi poemisa, qristianuli eTikis poziciidan poemis
gmirTa moqmedebaSi yvelaze metad Seuwynarebeli,
principulad miuRebelia.
nestanisa da tarielis mier sasiZos mokvla aris
gaazrebuli saSualebad, gzad dasaxuli miznis _ gmirTa
bednierebis (sikeTis) misaRwevad. avTandilis mier WaSnagiris
mokvlac aris saSualeba, gza dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad,
fatmanis saidumlos gasagebad, romelsac uSualod gmirebis
bednierebamde (sikeTemde) mivyavarT. amitomac, vefxistyaosnis
eTikuri koncefciiT, orive moqmedeba aris qvelmoqmedeba,
saTnoebiTi moqmedeba.
magram, qristianuli eTikiT, romelsac qvelmoqmedeba
miznad miaCnia da romelic yovel moqmedebaSi sikeTis
gamoxatulebas eZiebs, raRa Tqma unda, es moqmedebani ar
CaiTvleba qvelmoqmedebad. piriqiT, ramdenadac religiuri
TvalsazrisiT yoveli `sjulieri~ moqmedeba aris
qvelmoqmdeba, anu amqveyniuri sikeTe, xolo yoveli
`usjulo~ moqmedeba _ boroteba, orive ganxiluli SemTxveva,
qristianuli eTikiT, mxolod da mxolod borotebad
aRiqmeba.
amrigad, vefxistyaosnis moraluri koncefcia
principulad gansxvavdeba qristianuli normirebuli
sistemisagan eTikis ZiriTadi problemebis gadawyvetaSi _
sikeTisa da qvelmoqmedebis gagebaSi. vefxistyaosnis eTikuri
koncefciiT sikeTe gmirTa moqmedebis mizania, igi amqveyniur
bednierebaSi mdgomareobs da misi sazomi adamiania (179, gv. 81;
Sdr. 313). qvelmoqmedeba ki aris saSualeba, gza amqveyniuri
bednierebis misaRwevad.
ramdenadac, Cemi azriT, aSkarad Cans, rom am ZiriTadi
eTikuri problemebis gaazrebiT rusTveli emijneba
SuasaukuneebSi normirebul qristianul eTikas, bunebrivia
daisvas kiTxva: ra mimarTebaSia vefxistyaosnis zneobrivi
moqmedebis es principebi eTikuri azrovnebis im
memkvidreobasTan, romelic rusTvelis dros arsebobda?
sikeTisa da qvelmoqmedebis gagebaSi TiTqmis yvela
eTikuri sistema ZiriTadad or nairsaxeobs iZleva. erTi
gaazrebiT sikeTe WeSmariti, sruli formiT ar arsebobs
amqveyniur, miwier cxovrebaSi; igi irealuri, zerealuri
movlenaa da moiazreba an ideis saxiT, an RmerTis saxiT.
saTnoebiTi moqmedeba, qvelmoqmedeba ki sikeTis Sesabamisi
miwieri cxovrebaa. met-naklebi nairsaxeobiT am koncefcias
iziarebs erTi xazi antikuri filosofiisa (romlis yvelaze
didi warmomadgenelia platoni), religiuri (iudaisturi,
qristianuli da mahmadianuri) koncefciebi, neoplatonuri
filosofia da yvela religiur-mistikuri seqta.
magram arsebobda eTikuri azrovnebis sxva nairsaxeoba,
damaxasiaTebeli antikuri azrovnebis meore xazisTvis,
romelmac warsulSi filosofiuri gaformeba yvelaze
naTlad aristoteles eTikur koncefciaSi pova da romelic
ganaxlda da aRdga dasavleT evropis gviandeli
Suasaukuneebis da renesansuli epoqebis azrovnebaSi.
aristoteles moraluri koncefcia Taviseburad
gadaazreba, ganviTareba da sistemaSi moyvanaa sokratesa da
platonis eTikuri Sexedulebebisa (Sdr. 524, gv. 129-130).
platonis zneobrivi moZRvreba eqvemdebareba miseuli
zegrZnobieri arsebobis ideebs. filosofosis azriT,
`WeSmarit, Sinagan TavisTavadobas~ anu umaRles sikeTes
adamiani aRwevs `mxolod zegrZnobieri sinamdvilis
SemecnebiT~. amisaTvis ki saWiroa sakuTari Sinagani xdvis
mimarTeba idealuri samyarosadmi da dapirispireba da
mowyveta amqveyniuri, garemomcveli sinamdvilidan. sokrates
Tanaxmad, platonis azriTac, `am axali cxovrebis Sinaarsi~
unda iyos Semecnebis umaRlesi saxeobis, ideaTa samyaros
Semecnebis xedvis SeZena. amitomac es idealuri miswrfeba,
romelic gamoixateba platonTan sityviT siyvaruli (rwc),
amqveyniuri arsebobis ganmsazRvrelia da eTikuri sistemis
centrSi dgas. eTikuri idealis gaazrebaSi aristotele
ZiriTadad eTanxmeba platons. aristoteles azriTac,
`umaRlesi sikeTe unda davinaxoT ara kmayofilebaSi, am
sityvis Cveulebrivi gagebiT~, aramed kmayofilebaSi da
netarebaSi, romelic Seqmnilia pirovnebis mier sakuTari
sulieri arsebis gaazrebiT. Tanaxmad platonisa,
aristotelec fiqrobs, rom umaRlesi netareba `miiRweva
mxolod SemecnebiT da Tanac Semecnebis umaRlesi saxeobiT,
filosofiiT~. magram aristotelem moxsna platonisaTvis
esoden mniSvnelovani gaTiSva amqveyniurisa da imqveyniuris.
aristoteles azriT, amqveyniuri sinamdvile aris idealuri
ara mibaZviT umaRlesi samyarosadmi, aramed TavisTavad.
adamiani umaRles sikeTes miaRwevs `ara realuri
sinamdvilisagan ganTavisuflebisaTvis brZoliT~, aramed
aqtiuri monawileobiT da CarTviT amqveyniur sinamdvileSi.
Semecnebis meSveobiT sulieri arsebis idealur ganviTarebas
unda ganapirobebdes pirovnuli srulyofa adamianisa,
romelic amqveyniuri realobis erT-erTi wevria.
aristoteles eTika ufro Sordeba platons, vidre zogadad
misi filosofia. ufro metad enaTesaveba igi (aristoteles
eTika) demokrites azrovnebis xazs, romelic adamianis
WeSmarit netarebas xedavda `amqveyniuri sinamdvilisadmi
normalur damokidebulebaze~ damyarebul sulier simSvidesa
da filosofiur SemecnebaSi (369, gv. 90-93).
Cemi azriT, ai, swored am eTikur azrovnebas
enaTesaveba vefxistyaosnis zneobriv-moraluri
msoflmxedveloba. aristoteles eTika aris is eTikuri
sistema, romelsac emyareba rusTveli poemis ZiriTadi
eTikuri problemis gadawyvetaSi. da es araa moulodneli:
aristoteles eTika iyo is erTaderTi memkvidreoba antikuri
msoflmxedvelobidan, romelsac gviandeli Suasaukuneebidan
dawyebuli daemayara evropuli civilizacia religiuri
asketur-dogmaturad normirebuli moralidan renesansul-
humanistur azrovnebaze gadasvlis procesSi.
aristoteles eTikasTan rusTvelis eTikuri
Sexedulebebis mimarTebisaTvis

aristoteles saxeliT Cvenamde moRweul nawerebSi sami

eTikuri Txzulebaa cnobili: `nikomaqes eTika~ (>Hjik…
Nikom„qeia), `evdemes eTika~ (>Hjik… E6d¢mia) da `didi eTika~
(>Hjik… meg„la). am sami Txzulebidan samecniero
literaturaSi ueWvelad aristoteleseulad Tvlian mxolod
`nikomaqes eTikas~. zogierTi am TxzulebaSi gviandel
CanarTad miiCnevs V-VII Tavebs. `evdemes eTikis~ sakiTxi
Riad rCeba. mas zogi mkvlevari miiCnevs aristoteleseulad,
zogi ara. yvelaze naklebad sandod `didi eTika~ miaCniaT. igi
gvian elinistur epoqaSi peripatoelTa skolidan gamosuli
Txzuleba unda iyos (548, gv.610-611). am TxzulebebSi arsebiTi
winaaRmdegoba eTikis ZiriTadi problemebis gadawyvetaSi ar
aris. centraluri nawarmoebi, sadac erTiani, gaazrebuli
saxiTaa Camoyalibebuli eTikuri koncefcia, aris `nikomaqes
eTika~, romelic aristoteles Svilis nikomaqes saxelTanaa
dakavSirebuli: an gamocemulia mis mier, an avtoris mier
miZRvnilia misadmi1.
`nikomaqes eTika~ Tavisi suliT da Camoyalibebuli,
mwyobri, garkveuli TvalsazrisiT aristoteles Semoqmedebis
ukanaskneli periodis Txzulebadaa miCneuli (548, gv. 611).
aristoteles eTika aris ara xelovnuri zneobrivi
idealis damsaxavi moZRvreba, aramed aristokratul
sazogadoebaSi realurad arsebuli zneobis ganzogadeba.
aristoteles eTika ZiriTadad gamoxatavs misi Tanamedrove

1
meore Txzuleba, romelic aristoteles cnobili mowafis evdeme
rodoselis saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli, aris gadamuSaveba `nikomaqes
eTikis~. `didi eTika~ ki warmoadgens eqscerptebs am ori Txzulebidan,
upiratesad `evdemes eTikidan~ (379, gv. 9). Tumca arsebobs sxva
Sexedulebac, romelic `did eTikas~ aristoteles yvelaze adreul
nawarmoebad miiCnevs (475). amave dros, samecniero wreebSi arsebobs is
azric, rom samive eTika aristoteles SeiZleba ekuTvnodes (370, gv. 58).
bizantiur xanaSi eTikur krebulebSi xSirad aTavsebdnen ara
wminda moraluri xasiaTis Txzulebebs, aramed sazogadod filosofiur,
egzegetikur Tu homiletikur nawarmoebebs. ase, magaliTad: `plutarqes
uzarmazar literaturul memkvidreobas meaTe saukunisaTvis Tavi
mouyares or did krebulSi. pirveliSi Setanilia sxvadasxva xasiaTis,
upiratesad filosofiuri xasiaTis traqtatebi. am krebuls saxelad
uwodes `eTika~ anu `moralia~ (>Hjik„, чMoralia) ~ (223, gv. VIII).
aseve iyo qarTul sinamdvileSic: qarTul mwerlobaSi `eTikis~
saxeliT aris cnobili basili kapadokielis homiletikur-egzegetikuri
Sinaarsis krebuli, romelic efTvime aTonelma Targmna berZnuli enidan
(284, gv118).
aristoteles zemoT dasaxelebuli Txzulebebi wminda moraluri
Sinaarsisaa da eTikis saxelsac uZvelesi droidan atarebs.шкфв
adamianebis Sexedulebebs zneobriv cxovrebaze, antikuri
epoqis sazogadoebis moralur msoflSegrZnebas (429, gv. 193).
msoflio azrovnebis istoria am ideebs aristoteles saxeliT
mxolod imitom icnobs, rom igi aristotelem gaiziara
filosofiurad da Camoayaliba rogorc sistema. amdenad
masSi sazogadod Zalze cotaa ucxo, specifikuri,
gansxvavebuli da sakvirveli Tanamedrove adamianis
TvalsazrisiTac (Sdr. 176, gv.146).
amasTan erTad, rogorc aRiarebulia, Cveni
Tanamedrove epoqis adamianis azrovnebis formirebaSi
gadamwyveti roli renesansis epoqam Seasrula. renesansma
ganumtkica adamians rwmena gonebisadmi da saganTa
mizezobrivi kavSirisadmi. am rwmenam ki igi miiyvana
Teologiuri dogmebis mecnierebaze dafuZnebuli
filosofiiT, xolo saeklesio xelisuflebis saero
xelisuflebiT Secvlamde (447). es revolucia adamianis
azrovnebaSi swored antikur azrovnebaze, xolo sakuTriv
eTikis sferoSi upiratesad aristoteleze dayrdnobiT
xdeboda1. amdenad Tanamedrove adamianis moraluri
Sexedulebebi warsulis filosofiuri memkvidreobidan
yvelaze axlos swored aristoteles eTikasTanaa. swored
amitomac msgavseba vefxistyaosnis gmirTa moqmedebasa da
aristoteles eTikur Sexedulebebs Soris SeiniSneba
upiratesad iseT momentebSi, romlebic Tanamedrove adamianis
TvalsazrisiTac bunebrivi da Cveulebrivia (Sdr. 176, gv. 146).
amave dros is, rac poemaSi enaTesaveba Tanamedrove adaminis
logikas, azrovnebas da qcevis wesebs, upirispirdeba
religiur azrovnebas, asketizms, saeklesio dogmatikas.
istoriulad ki swored es aris siaxle rusTvelis
azrovnebaSi da saZiebelic swored am siaxlis wyaroa 2.

1
renesansis epoqaSi gabatonebuli azrovneba TandaTanobiT yalibdeboda
gviandel SuasaukuneebSi aristotelizmis qristianuli, mahmadianuri,
iudaisturi Sexedulebebisadmi dapirispirebiT. sakuTriv renesansis
epoqis filosofiur azrovnebas (axal filosofias) axasiaTebs revizia
gviandeli Suasakuneebidan naanderZevi aristotelizmisa, WeSmariti
aristoteles Zieba; an gabatonebuli aristotelianuri Sexedulebebis
platonis filosofiasTan morigeba, aristoteledan platonisaken
dabruneba. magram es simfonia arsebiTad gansxvavdeba adrindeli
neoplatonizmisagan, romelic platonis poziciidan iTvisebda
aristoteles azrovnebis elementebs.
2
aristoteles, rusTvelisa da Tanamedrove epoqis zneobriv
SexedulebaTa Soris msgavsebas me mxolod ZiriTad, zogadsakacobrio
detalebSi vxedav. ra Tqma unda, es ukanaskneli ar gamoricxavs im
klasobriv, formaciul da nacionalur sxvadasxvaobas, romelic am sami
epoqis eTikaSi SeiniSneba.
sikeTe da qvelmoqmedeba aristoteles eTikuri sistemiT

eTikis ZiriTadi problemebis gadawyvetaSi, iseve

rogorc filosofiis mTeli rigi sxva sakiTxebis kvlevisas,
aristotele dabrunda platonis ideaTa samyarodan
dedamiwaze da adamianTa moraluri cxovrebis praqtikuli
normebi ganaviTara. yovelgvari adamianuri moqmedebis
miznad aristoteles bedniereba miaCnia (58, gv. 153).
filosofosis azriT, swored is aris sikeTe, riskenac yvela
miiswrafvis (321, gv. 284). sikeTe, gvimtkicebs igi, aris sulieri
moRvaweoba da bednierebaSi mdgomareobs (429, gv. 193), xolo
am bednierebis arsi aris warmatebiTi moqmedeba, moRvaweoba
(429, gv. 202). amgvarad, aristotelesaTvis, iseve rogorc
sokratesaTvis, sakiTxi umaRlesi sikeTisa aris bednierebis,
netarebis (e6daimonëa) sakiTxi. mxolod es bedniereba SeiZleba
arsebobdes adamianisaTvis, romelic aris wevri mis irgvliv
arsebuli realobisa (369, gv. 93).

im mrwamsiT, rom umaRlesi sikeTe yofierebaa, amqveyniuri

arsebobaa (th. Nic., VIII, 11). filosofosi xedavs, rom TviT
adamianebs miaCniaT es amgvarad da gvarwmunebs, rom
usafuZvlod ar ayalibeben adamianebi sikeTisa da
bednierebis cnebebs, sakuTari cxovrebis Sesabamisad _ Eth.
Nic., I, 5 (`TÙ g…r ‚gajÙn kaì t£n e6daimonëan o6k ‚lØgwc Îoëkasin Îk
t»n bëwn Þpolamb„nein~ _ 803, gv. 3). aristotele amtkicebs, rom
sikeTe aris raRac xelSeuxebeli da arsebobs mxolod im
adamianisaTvis, romelic misken miiswrafvis _ Eth. Nic., I, 5 (Eti
d> Îoëkasi t£n tim£n di¹kaein, ñna pisteßwsin Ïautoàc ‚gajoàc eðnai~ _ 803,
gv. 3; ix. 524, gv. 19-20). aqedan gamomdinare filosofosi
asabuTebs, rom sikeTe, winaaRmdeg platonis azrisa, ar aris
raRac zogadi, erTi ideisadmi daqvemdebarebuli (Eth. Nic., I, 6),
igi sxvadasxvaa sxvadsxva moqmedebasa da saqmianobaSi _ Eth.
Nic., I, 7 (Faënetai mÑn g…r ‡llo În ˜ll« pr„xei kaì tÐqn« _ 803, gv. 5;
ix. 524, gv. 21-22). ra unda miviCnioT sikeTed yoveli calkeuli
moqmedebisaTvis? _ svams kiTxvas filosofosi da TviTonve
pasuxobs, _ albaT, is risTvisac sruldeba sxva yvelaferi.
xolo es ki samedicino xelovnebaSi janmrTelobaa,
strategiaSi _ gamarjveba, saamSeneblo xelovnebaSi _ saxli,
xolo sxva moqmedebaSi _ sxva raRac. sikeTe yvela
moqmedebasa da miswrafebaSi aris am moqmedebis Tu
miswrafebis mizani. radganac yvelaferi am miznisaTvis
keTdeba (Eth. Nic., 1, 7). aqedan ki naTelia aristoteles
amosavali debuleba: yovelgvari xelovneba da yovelgvari
mecniereba iseve, rogorc yovelgvari moqmedeba da ganzraxva,
miiswrafvis garkveuli sikeTisaken _ Eth. Nic., I, 1 (P†sa tÐqn«
kaì p†sa mÐjodoc, ×moëwc dÑ pr†xëc te kaì proaëresic, ‚gajoá tinÙc
Îfëesjai dokeí _ 803, gv. 1). dabolos, gasagebi xdeba filosofiis
gansazRvrebac: Tu moqmedebaSi aris mizani, romliskenac Cven
miviswrafviT swored am miznis gulisaTvis..., maSin naTelia,
rom swored is aris sikeTe da umaRlesi sikeTec _ Eth. Nic., I, 2
(Eé d¢ ti tÐloc Îstì t»n prakt»n > aÞtÙ boulØmeja, ...d¤lon ¸c
1
toát˜n eîh t‚gajÙn kaì tÙ ‡riston _ 803, gv. 1). aristoteles ar
epareba mxedvelobidan is garemoeba, rom mizani, romliskenac
garkveuli moqmedeba miiswrafvis, SesaZlebelia iyos
saSualeba sxva didi miznisaTvis, amitomac filosofosi
ganasxvavebs moqmedebis mizans, romelic aris saSualeba sxva
didi miznisaTvis, adamianTa moqmedebis saboloo miznisagan.
es saboloo mizani ki, misi zriT, aris bedniereba, netareba _
e6daimonëa (524, gv. 20).
amgvarad, bedniereba, _ askvnis aristotele, _ aris ra
mizani adamianuri moqmedebisa, warmoadgens raRac
srulyofils da TviTmyobads _ Eth. Nic., I, 7 (TÐleion d¢ ti
faënetai kaì atarkec ¡ e6daimanëa, t»n prakt»n oäsa tÐloc _ 803, gv.
6).
davubrundeT isev vefxistyaosans. rogorc zemoT
vamtkicebdiT, poemaSi Caqsovili eTikuri mrwamsiT, im
SexedulebebiT, romelTac emyareba vefxistyaosnis gmirTa
moqmedeba, sikeTe, umaRlesi sikeTe amqveyniur bednierebaSi
mdgomareobs. gmirTa moqmedebas aqvs didi mizani, isini
iswrafvian misken, ibrZvin am miznis misaRwevad. maT es mizani
miaCniaT ara saSualebad sxva miznis misaRwevad, aramed
TviTmiznad. es mizani ki amqveyniuri bednierebaa. am
debulebiT poemis eTikuri mrwamsi mkveTrad gansxvavdeba
rogorc religiuri moraluri kanonisagn, aseve platonis
`sikeTis ideisagan~ da uaxlovdeba aristoteles eTikis
zemoT Camoyalibebul debulebas.
swored aristoteles eTikuri Sexedulebebis
ganaxlebiT da ganviTarebiT mivida XIII saukunis evropa im
azramde, rom `sikeTe aris is, rac sasargebloa adamianTa
modgmisaTvis, boroteba ki _ is, rac zians ayenebs mas~ (521, gv.
277).
axla ganvixiloT aristoteles Tvalsazrisi eTikis
meore ZiriTadi problemis _ saTnoebis, zneobrivi
srulqmnilebis (‚ret£, virtus) da saTnoebiTi moqmedebis anu
qvelmoqmedebis gadawyvetaSi, romliTac vefxistyaosnis

1
dednis sityvebi t‚gajÙn kaì tÙ riston me mesmis rogorc `sikeTe da
umaRlesi sikeTec~. frangul enaze igi Targmnilia: le bien et même le bien
suprême (802, gv. 20); xolo rusul enaze – благо и добро (776, gv. 3).
eTikuri Sexedulebebi aseve mkveTrad gansxvavdeba
qristianuli moralisagan.
adamianis, moqalaqis saTnoeba, rogorc eTikis sagani,
aristoteles azriT, ar aris abstraqtuli, irealuri cneba
(315, gv. 212). adamianuri saTnoeba, upirveles yovlisa, aris
SesaZlebloba sworad orientirebisa Seqmnil situaciaSi,
sikeTisaken swori gzis gansazRvra (321, gv. 285). aristotele
ZiriTadad eTanxmeba im azrs, rom saTnoebiTi moqmedeba,
qvelmoqmedeba aris saSualeba dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad,
kerZod, bednierebis misaRwevad (429, gv. 199). Tumca
aristoteles qvelmoqmedeba ar dahyavs mxolod calkeul,
konkretul situaciaSi saTnoebiT qmedebaze. misi azriT,
qvelmoqmedeba Taviseburad Serwymulia moqmedebis
mizanTanac, ramdenadac sikeTe aris saTnoebis Sesabamisi
sulieri moqmedeba (iqve)1.
aristoteles ganmartebiT, saTnoeba (zneobrivi
srulqmnileba) gaazrebuli, SeZenili (araTandayolili)
sulieri Tvisebaa, romelic mdgomareobs gonebiT
gansazRvrul subieqtur saSualSi, Tanac ise, rogorc
gansazRvravda mas keTilgonieri adamiani. igi aris saSualo
or borotebas _ siWarbesa da ukmarisobas Soris _ Eth. Nic., II,
6 (øEstin ra ¡ ‚ret£ Ôxic proairetik¢, În mesØthti 9t% prÙc ¡m†c,
¸rismÐnh lØg kaì ¸c ˜n ×frØnimoc ×rëseien; mesØthc dÑ dßo kaki»n, t¤c
mÑn kaj+ Þperbol£ t¤c dÑ kat> Ólleiyin~_ 803, gv. 20). filosofosi
detalurad ganmartavs am formulirebas. misi mtkicebiT
saTnoeba ar SeiZleba miekuTvnos arc afeqtis (p„jh) da arc
unaris, niWis (dun„meic) sferos. igi aris SeZenili Tviseba
(Ôxeic); Tviseba sulisa, romliTac adamians SeuZlia swori an
araswori mimarTeba daamyaros afeqtebisadmi (Eth. Nic., II, 5).
mxolod es mimarTeba yovelTvis unda iyos saSualo,

1
filosofiis zogierTi istorikosis azriT, aristoteles am orgvar
gazrebaSi SesaZlebelia davinaxoT erTgvari winaaRmdegoba. rac imiT
unda aixsnas, rom aristoteles azriT, saTnoeba (zneobrivi srulqmnileba)
orgvaria: dianoeTikuri (inteleqtualuri) da eTikuri (nebiTi). aqedan ki
SesaZlebelia vifiqroT, rom dianoeTikuri saTnoeba aris mizani, xolo
eTikuri _ saSualeba (429, gv. 199). Cemi azriT, amgvari gaoreba
aristoteles gansazRvrebaSi am SemTxvevaSi ar unda iyos. umaRlesi
sikeTe, netareba anu bedniereba, aristoteles azriT, aris mxolod da
mxolod usrulo sulieri moqmedeba, dausrulebeli procesi. am
gaazrebiT es procesi yovelTvis aris erTaderTi swori moqmedeba anu
saSualeba, romelic garkveuli mizniskenaa mimarTuli. amdenad, umaRlesi
sikeTe (bedniereba), ramdenadac igi usasrulo moqmedebaa, yovelTvis
Sedgeba miznisa da saSualebisagan. mizani aqac sikeTea da saSuleba
saTnoebiTi moqmedeba. `adamianuri sikeTe, _ gansazRvravs filosofosi, _
mdgomareobs saTnoebis Sesabamis sulier moqmedebaSi~ _ Eth. Nic., 1, 7
(429, gv. 199).
imgvarad, rom igi saukeTeso damokidebuleba iyos ama Tu im
afeqtis mimarT: arc meti, arc naklebi (Eth. Nic., II, 6-9). garda
amisa, es sulieri Tviseba gacnobierebuli da gaazrebulia,
rac imas niSnavs, rom igi aris nebayoflobiTi anu
Tavisufali, winaswargansjili da ganzraxuli (Eth. Nic., III, 1-
5).
ganmartavs ra saTnoebas, filosofosi msjelobs
saTnoebiT moqmedebaze, anu qvelmoqmedebaze. sad aris
qvelmoqmedebis sfero? igi naTlad pasuxobs am kiTxvaze:
amgvarad, _ wers aristotele, _ Tu survili mimarTulia
miznisaken da winaswargansja da ganzraxva saSualebebisaken,
maSin moqmedeba iqneba gaazrebuli da Tavisufali. saTnoebiTi
moqmedeba anu qvelmoqmedeba gamovlindeba swored am
sferoSi _ Eth. Nic., III, 5 (+'Ontoc d£ boulhtoá mÑn toá tÐlouc,
bouleut»n dÑ kaì proairet»n t»n prÙc tÙ tÐloc, oê perì taáta pr„xeic kat…
proaëresin ˜n eðen kaì Ïkoßsioi. Aê dÑ t»n ‚ret»n ÎnÐreiai perì taáta _ 803,
gv. 29). dabolos, filosofosi pirdapir miuTiTebs, rom
saTnoebiT moqmedebas anu qvelmoqmedebas unda axasiaTebdes
gansazRvruli Tvisebebi. moqmedi piri, pirvel rigSi, unda
moqmedebdes Segnebulad; meorec _ winaswarganzraxviT,
romelic am moqmedebas miiCnevs miznad da ara saSualebad;
mesamec, moqmedi piri mkacrad unda icavdes Tavis moqmedebaSi
garkveul principebs _ Eth. Nic., II, 3 (321, gv. 286). ra aris is
principebi, is safuZveli, romelsac unda emyarebodes
adamianis moqmedeba? am kiTxvazedac aristoteles eTikas
garkveuli, mkacrad gansazRvruli pasuxi aqvs, romliTac igi
inarCunebs TviTmyofobas, erTi mxriv, religiuri da, meore
mxriv, platonuri azrovnebis rigSi: `adamiani aris safuZveli
(principi) Tavisi moqmedebis~ _ Eth. Nic., III, 3 (...‡njrwpoc eðnai
‚rq£ t»n pr„xewn _ 803, gv. 28).
vfiqrob, principi aristoteles am Sexedulebisa
qvelmoqmedebaze naTelia da, Cemi azriT, isic cxadia, rom
vefxistyaosnis personaJTa moqmedeba, romelic
qvelmoqmedebad, saTnoebiT moqmedebadaa gaazrebuli avtoris
mier, mkveTrad gansxvavdeba ra qristianuli Sexedulebisagan
qvelmoqmedebaze, principulad uaxlovdeba swored
aristoteles eTikas: vefxistyaosnis eTikuri filosofia
swored moqmedebis filosofiaa (167, gv. 26). vefxistyaosnis
gmirTa survili, swrafva wadili mimarTulia garkveuli
miznisaken. maTi moqmedeba saSualebaa am miznis misaRwevad. es
moqmedeba (anu saSualeba), Tavisufali nebiT arCeuli,
winaswargansjili da ganzraxulia (nestani da tarieli
winaswargansjian da Semdeg ganizraxaven sasiZos mokvlas).
maTi moqmedeba Segnebulia da damyarebulia garkveul
Camoyalibebul principebze. (nestanis moqmedebis principebi
Tanmimdevrulia, kanonzomieria. mas mwyobri Sexeduleba aqvs
Tavis bedze, momavalze. mas mkacrad aqvs gaazrebuli sakuTari
bednierebis Sinaarsi). es principebi adamianuri principebia.
gmirebi TviTon, TavianTi piradi cxovrebiT, miznebiT da
miswrafebebiT arian safuZveli TavianTi sakuTari
moqmedebisa.
am TvalsazrisiT savsebiT gasagebi da naTelia rogorc
avTandilis daxmareba tarielisadmi, aseve tarielisa da
nestanis mier sasiZos mokvla da avTandilis mier WaSnagiris
mokvla. samive SemTxvevaSi gmirTa moqmedeba mimarTulia
gaazrebuli miznisaken anu, eTikuri terminologiiT,
sikeTisaken, romelic pirovnul bednierebaSi mdgomareobs.
maTi moqmedeba saSualebaa am miznis misaRwevad. es saSualeba
winaswargansjili, winaswarganzraxuli da Tavisufali nebiT
Sesrulebulia. TviT saSualeba saukeTesod SerCeuli
moqmedebaa. Sesabamis situaciaSi saukeTeso gzaa moqmedebisa.
am eTikuri koncefciis TvalsazrisiT, aRniSnuli moqmedebani
aris saSualeba sikeTis misaRwevad, anu qvelmoqmedeba,
saTnoebiTi moqmedeba.
amgvarad, vefxistyaosanSi Caqsovili eTikuri
principebi, is Sexedulebani, romelTac emyareba poemis
gmirTa moqmedeba eTikis ZiriTadi problemis gadawyvetaSi,
sikeTisa da qvelmoqmedebis raobis gagebaSi, mkveTrad
gansxvavdeba ra yvela sxva eTikuri Sexedulebebisagan,
principulad uaxlovdeba aristoteles eTikas.
es msgavseba me SemTxveviT movlenad ar mimaCnia.
rusTveli Segnebulad iyenebs aristoteles eTikur
1
principebs sakuTari eTikuri sistemis asagebad . es rom asea,
iqidanac Cans, rom rusTveli sakuTar poemaSi Caqsovili
eTikuri koncefciiT sxva SemTxvevaSic eyrdnoba aristoteles
eTikur principebs. am debulebis naTelsayofad SevCerdebiT
ramdenime sakiTxze.

1
es garemoeba imgvarad ki ar unda gavigoT, rom rusTvelma warsulis
filosofiuri memkvidreobidan sakuTari iniciativiT gamoZebna
aristotele da mis `eTikaze~ daafuZna sakuTari poema, aramed sxvagvarad:
epoqam da im saazrovno garemocvam, romelSiac rusTveli moRvaweobda,
wamoWra interesi imgvari eTikuri idealisa, romelsac filosofiis
istoria aristoteles saxels ukavSirebs. amitomac, rusTvelis eTikuri
sistema Tavisi arsiT, raobiT (sxva wyaroebs garda) enaTesaveba
aristoteles eTikas (Sdr. 176, gv. 146).
 aristoteles `saSuali~ da vefxistyaosani

rogorc zemoT aRvniSne, aristoteles ganmartebiT,

saTnoeba gaazrebuli da SeZenili sulieri Tvisebaa, romelic
mdgomareobs gonebiT gansazRvrul subieqtur saSualSi;
Tanac ise, rogorc gansazRvravda mas keTilgonieri adamiani.
igi aris saSuali or borotebas _ siWarbesa da ukmarobas
Soris (Eth. Nic., II, 6). ra aris es `saSuali~, romelic
aristoteles saTnoebad miaCnia? ganvixiloT misi ganTqmuli
doqtrina e. w. `saSualisa~ (ix. 524, gv. 129-151). filosofosis
azriT, yoveli saTnoeba aris saSuali or ukiduresobas
Soris, romelTagan ToToeuli maTgani aris nakli, zadi, biwi.
ase magaliTad, siuxve saSualia mflangvelobasa da siZunwes
Soris, siamaye _ Tavmomwoneobasa da morCilebas Soris,
maxvilgoniereba xumrobasa da uxeSobas Soris, Tavmdabloba
_ morcxvobasa da urcxvobas Soris da sxva (429, gv. 194). ai,
swored amgvari saSuali aris saTnoeba (zneobrivi
srulqmnileba) da imitom aris igi Znelad misaRwevi, rom
Znelia am saSualis migneba. amitomac aris zneobrivi
srulqmnileba iSviaTi, sanaqebo da saukeTeso miRweva (321, gv.
287). marTalia, Tavisi arsiT da gaazrebiT saTnoebas
(zneobriv srulqmnilebas) `saSuali~ ewodeba, magram Tavisi
srulqmnilebiT da mniSvnelobiT igi mxolod da mxolod
ukiduresobaa, saukeTesoa (321, gv. 286). aristotele garkveviT
miuTiTebs: saTnoebas misi arsiTa da gaazrebiT unda ewodos
saSuali, xolo misi srulqmnilebiT da mniSvnelobiT _
saukeTeso _ Eth. Nic., II, 6 (DiÙ kat… mÑn t£n o6sëan kaì tÙn lØgon tÙn
të §n eónai lÐgonta mesØthc Îstìn ¡ ‚ret£, kat… dÑ tÙ rison kaì tÙ e9
‚krØthc~ – 803, gv. 20).
aristoteles `saSualis~ ideali ar SeiZleba
daviyvanoT im kompromisze, romelic moiazreba horaciusis
`oqros saSualobaSi~ _ aurea mediocritas (odebi, II, 10. 5), an
ovidiusis gamoTqmaSi `uvneblad SuaSi gaivli~ _ medio
tutissimus ibis (metamorfozebi, II, 137). srulqmnilebis
TvalsazrisiT aristoteles `saSuali~ aris saukeTeso _
‚krØthc (370, gv. 19).
yovel eTkur saTnoebaze (zneobriv srulqmnilebaze)
msjelobisas aristotele detalurad Cerdeba am saTnoebis
`saSual~ anu saukeTeso xazze. detalurad msjelobs igi aseve
TviTon `saSualis~ bunebaze, misi povnis sirTulesa da
aucileblobaze (Eth. Nic., II, 6-9); dabolos, filosofosi
askvnis: eTikuri saTnoeba aris saSuali; saSuali ori
borotebis, naklis, kerZod siWarbisa da ukmarobis. igi
amgvaria Tavisi miswrafebiT saSualisaken afeqtebsa da
moqmedebaSi. iseve rogorc maTematikosis garda sxvas ar
SeuZlia wris centris povna, rTulia saTnoebac, radgan
saSualis migneba yvelaferSi Znelia _ Eth. Nic., II, 9 (ûOti mÑn o9n
Îstìn ¡ ‚ret£ ¡ ¬jik£ mesØthc, kaì p»c, kaì Üti mesØthc dßo kaki»n, t¤c
mÑn kaj> Þperbol£n t¤c dÑ kat> lleiyin, kaì Üti toiaßth Îstì dìa tÙ
stoqastik£ toá mÐsou eðnai toá În toíc p„jesi kaì taíc pr„xesin, êkan»c
eîrhtai _ 803, gv. 23).
moZRvreba `saSualis~, rogorc saukeTesos, Sesaxeb
aristoteles eTikis suli da gulia, misi ganuyofli nawilia,
erT-erTi yvelaze arsebiTi momentia didi berZeni
filosofosis eTikur sistemaSi (Sdr. 524, gv. 129-130).
pirovnebis srulqmnilebisaTvis qcevis normebSi
ukiduresobisagan gandgomas mxars uWers Zveli aRTqmac,
kerZod `eklesiaste~ (ix. 622, gv. 591): `nu iqnebi zedmetad
marTali da metismetad nu dabrZendebi _ rad ginda, rom
SeZrwunde? metismetad nu iboroteb, arc gabriyvde _ rad
ginda, rom udrood mokvde? umjobesia erTic iyo da meorec,
arc erTi uaryo da arc meore: radgan RvTis moSiSi
yvelafrisgan Tavs aRwevs~. (ekl. 7, 16-18). ixile citirebuli
pasaJis Tanamedrove inglisuri Targmanic: So don’t be too good
or too wise _ why kill yourself? But don’t be too wicked or too foolish,
either _ why die before you have to? Avoid both extremes. If you are
religious you will be successful anyway (Eccl. 7, 16-18 _ 809, p. 654).
vfiqrob, imis gamoc, rom aristoteles `saSualis~
Teoria ar ewinaaRmdegeboda bibliur sibrZnes, am
moZRvrebam didi gavlena moaxdina gviandeli Sua saukuneebis
da renesansis epoqaTa azrovnebaze. SevaCereb yuradRebas
mxolod imaze, rom eTikur saTnoebebze msjelobisas yoveli
saTnoebis umaRles kategoriad swored `saSuali~ miaCnia
`saTnoebaTa kibis~ qarTvel mTargmnels. igi amgvarad
axasiaTebs simSvides da uvneblobas (yuradReba unda mieqces
imasac, rom Txzulebis berZnuli dednis _ ioane sinelis
`klemaqsis~ Sesabamis adgilebSi `saSualze~ saubari ar Cans _
ix. 667, gv. 227, 239):
umankosa hrwamn yovelive, simSvidiT;
moiTmens igi satkivarsa yovelsa;
ar SeSfoTnebis, ganmwardebis arave.
moyusisa mimarT tkbil ars da saxierca,
mdabal da maRal saSualsa zeda myof. /238/
romelman Zalni gonierad keTilad
sazomsa zeda ipyrnes saSualobiT,
ar midrkebodes marjul, gina marcxeniT,
aras ivnebdes moRuawe, moiTmendes.
mas ewodebis uvnebel sakuTrebiT. /287/
 amjerad CvenTvis sainteresoa is garemoeba, rom am
moZRvrebas, Cemi azriT kvali daumCnevia rusTvelis eTikur
Sexedulebebze. rusTvelis poemaSi, vefxistyaosnis gmirTa
moqmedebaSi organuladaa Caqsovili aristoteles
Sexeduleba saSualze, rogorc saukeTesoze. mxolod, ra Tqma
unda, arc am SemTxvevaSi gvaqvs araviTari Teoriuli
msjeloba, filosofiuri mtkiceba. es moZRvreba asaxulia
mxolod mxatvrul saxeebSi; igi rusTvelis tipaJis Sinagani
Tanmimdevrobaa, gmirTa moqmedebis eTikuri normaa; igi
poemaSi gadmocemuli, Camoyalibebuli ki ar aris, aramed
masze dafuZnebulia gmirTa zneoba, morali da moqmedeba.
ase rom, poemis idealur gmirTa Tvisebani: siuxve,
simamace da sxva mravali, romlebic erTi SexedviT am
TvisebaTa ukidures, udides saxeobad Cans (ukidures siuxved,
ukidures simamaced), sinamdvileSi ukiduresoba ar aris.
siuxve da simamace poemaSi gamijnulia am TvisebaTa
ukiduresi saxeobisagan da maTi saukeTesoba, umaRlesi
srulqmnileba swored im `saSualSi~ mdgomareobs, romelsac
aristotele moiTxovda.
Cemi azriT, rusTveli icnobs aristoteles am eTikur
Teorias d mas emyareba. amis naTelsayofad mxolod
ramdenime momentze SevCerdebiT.