ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტი

ჰუმანიტარულ მეცნიერებათა ფაკულტეტი

სამეცნიერო ელექტრონული ჟურნალი სტუდენტებისთვის

სტუდერნტური კვლევები

ლიტერატურათმცოდნეობა და სხვა

№2

2013

E ISSN 1512-1674

1
mariam giorgaSvili
agvistos omis diskursi zaza burWulaZis „adibasSi“

omi rTuli da mravalmxrivi fenomenia. omis Tema literaturaSi ki iseTive Zvelia, rogorc
Tavad literatura. j er kidev homerosi aRwers „iliadaSi“ uamrav batalur scenas.
gansakuTrebuli mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva pirvel da meore msoflio omze Seqmnili
xelovnebis nimuSebi - filmebi, suraTebi, fotoebi, teqstebi. adamianTa cnobierebaSi omi,
upirveles yovlisa, istoriul movlenasTan asocirdeba. magram Tu ufro CavuRrmavdebiT
cnebas, vnaxavT, rom omi seriozuli simbolikis matarebeli movlenaa, romelic
dakavSirebulia filosofiur, anTropologiur, kulturologiur, politikur, ekonomikur,
sociologiur da eTikur problemebTan. xSirad miuTiTeben imasac, rom SeuZlebelia omis
Teoriis ageba saerTod, vinaidan igi ar emorCileba logikis mkacr kanonebs da misi
Sedegebic araprognozirebadia. omi SeiZleba daiwyon politikosebma, magram igi TandaTan
vrceldeba adamianuri yofis sxvadasxva sferoSi da gansxvavebul gavlenas axdens maTze.
omebi arc saqarTvelos istoriisTvis yofila ucxo. xSir SemTxvevaSi igi nacionaluri
identobis dacvasTan iyo gadaj aWvuli. rogorc irma ratiani SeniSnavs - „nacionaluri
identobisa da erovnuli Rirebulebebis dacva aqtualur datvirTvas iZens 90-iani wlebidan
da grZeldeba mimdinare qarTul literaturaSic. omis diskursi - afxazeTisa Tu agvistos
omis Temebi, okupirebul teritoriebze, devnil mosaxleobasa Tu darRveul istoriul
mTlianobaze fiqri, rogorc qarTveli xalxis didi tkivilis gamoxatuleba, - Tanamedrove
qarTuli literaturis mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgens. am Temebze muSaoben ara mxolod
is mwerlebi, romlebmac sakuTar Tavze, fizikurad gamoscades omebis simware, aramed isinic,
vinc mxolod sulierad arian CarTulni am problemebSi“ (ratiani 2011: 46). omis mizezebisa
da Sedegebis gaazrebaSi mxatvrul literaturas arcTu ukanaskneli adgili ukavia. aqve
unda aRvniSno, rom Tanamedrove mweralTa mier omis Temaze Seqmnili teqstebi
interpretaciis siTamamiTa da mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva.amj erad yuradReba minda SevaCero
agvistos omis, albaT, erT-erT yvelaze Tamam interpretaciaze, zaza burWulaZis „adibasze“.
„bolo periodis saukeTeso qarTuli romani - zaza burWulaZis „adibasi“, Tavisi daxvewili
eniT, aluziebiT da gambedaobiT, SeiZleba dona karanis barokos xanis nostalgiiT
gaj erebul gofrirebul saRamos kabebs Tu dries van notenis naoWebian sayelos da
manJetebs, an viqtoris da rolfis siurrealistur Tu aleqsandr makquinis futuristul

2
eqsperimentebs SevadaroT“(lomiZe 2010: 14).kritikosi gaga lomiZe, rasakvirvelia,
SemTxveviT ar CamoTvlis dizainerebs - „adibasi“ satiraa cnobil brendebsa da modur
tendenciebze. igi postmodernistuli romania, misi yvela damaxasiaTebeli niSniT, iqneba es
ironia, dapirispireba tradiciul normebTan Tu interpretaciis Tavisufleba. „adibasSi“
realizebulia postmodernizmis mTavari metafora - simulakra, asli originalis gareSe.
avtori romans warumZRvarebs „adibasis“ leqsikonur definicias: „adibas – 1. yalbi adidasi
2. zogadad surogati, imitacia. 3. nebismieri yalbi ram: nivTi, sagani, situacia, movlena da
a.S.“postmodernistul xelovnebas aRar swams WeSmaritebis arsebobisa da arc nawarmoebi
iqmneba absoluturi WeSmaritebis pretenziiT. „adibasi“ arafers „aswavlis“ mkiTxvels, igi
asaxavs realobas, romlisac aRar sj era mwerals.romanSi realizebulia postmdernizmisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli arsebiTi niSani - hiperrealoba, romelic konkurencias uwevs realobas.
romanSi hiperrelobis formad virtualuri realoba SeiZleba miviCnioT: aq yvelaferi
cifrul formats ukavSirdeba - omiT dawyebuli, seqsiT damTavrebuli, da veRar gagirkvevia,
„Seni cxovreba ufro realuria Tu „disqaveris“ gadacemebi“.
„adibasi“, rogorc postmodernistuli teqsti, Txrobis specifikuri formiTa da maneriT
gamoirCeva. rogorc cnobilia, postmodernistuli romanebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia siuJetis
uaryofa, teqstis antinaratiuli struqtura (radikaluri mosazrebiT ki saerTd
SeuZlebelia ambis moyola). „adibass“ ar aqvs siuJeti, ar hyavs erTi dominanti mTxrobeli.
TxuTmetive Tavi erTmaneTisgan damoukidebeli Sinaarsisaa. Txroba araxazovania. personaJi
mTxrobeli xSirad ixsenebs gardasul ambebs, magaliTad, tatus gakeTebis istoria, bibisTan
ukanaskneli Sexvedris gaxseneba(romelic gansxvavebuli riftiTac gamoiyofa ZiriTadi
teqstisagan), TelavSi yofnis ambavi – yvela SemTxvevaSi Txroba retrospeqciulia. romanSi
realizebulia personaJiseuli Txroba, romelic pirveli pirisgan warmoebs.
gamonaklisia ramdenime Tavi, maT Soris erTi, simptomuri saTauriT „saqarTvelo“,
warmoagens ori personaJis-robozapienz-isa da nylon_eyes-is saubars skaipiT. Sesabamisad, aqvs
dialogis forma da Sereuli, qarTul-inglisur-rusuli leqsika, Srifti ki laTinuria.
es Tavi sainteresoa imdenad, ramdenadac amgvari eqsperimentuli TxrobiT sinTezirebulia
Tanamedrove qarTuli yofis ramdenime maxasiaTebeli - inglisuri ena, virtualuri
urTierToba (kompiuteri), JargonebisaDda ucxouri slengebis problema.
yvela Tavs aerTianebs moqmedebis dro da adgili - Tbilisi, 08/08/08. mTeli romani am erTi
dRis narativs warmoadgens sxvadasxva rakursiT. erTi SexedviT, romans mTavari gmiri ar
hyavs, magram, vfiqrob, omi (seqsTan dawyvilebuli) swored is mTavari personaJia, romelic,

3
uSualod aravisze axdens gavlenas, magram ganapirobebs teqstis koceptualur laitmotivs.
mainc rogori omia aRwerili „adibasSi“? igi aris da arc aris, mas amCneven, magram ar
imCneven. enobriv doneze omTan dakavSirebuli informacia mSralia, sqematuri, emociisgan
daclili (informacia pirdapiri mniSnvelobiT, ramdenadac agvistos omi romanSi radiosa da
televiziidan gagonili frazebiT gadmoicema). es epizodebi ZiriTadi teqstisgan yvela
SemTxvevaSi gamoyofilia brWyalebiT, rac kidev erTxel adasturebs imas, rom es omi ara
adamianTa cxovrebaSi, aramed am cxovrebis paralelurad da damoukideblad arsebobs,
mxolod virtualurad. omis erTgvar sinonimad teqstSi seqsia warmodgenili: „ras SeiZleba
niSnavdes dRevandeli dRe - 08/ 08/ 08. rvianis usasrulobis niSanTan msgavsebis gamo,
SeiZleba ganulebul usasrulobas mesame xarisxSi? ...Tu CavTvliT, rom rviani yverebia,
nuli ki vagina, maSin gasagebia, penisi ratomac ar Cans. is ukve vaginaSia. gamodis, 08 seqsis
simboloa? am logikiT isic ki SeiZleba gamovides, rom dRevandeli TariRi rogorRac
dRevandel omsac ukavSirdeba? yovel SemTxvevaSi, zustad imdenad, ramdenadac TviTon omia
seqsis imitacia, an piriqiT - seqsi omis imitacia“ (burWulaZe 2009: 192-194). „TiTqos am
daxuTul garemoSi erTaderTi gasaqcevi mxolod seqsia da ar aqvs mniSvneloba es realur
droSi, monitorze nanaxi aqti iqneba Tu telefoniT gagzavnili sasqeso organoebis gacvla-
gamocvla.
M
magram amgvari swrafva, imavdroulad, gaazrebulad Tu gauazreblad, sqatologiuri
SiSiTacaa nakarnaxevi“(lomiZe2010:15). romanSi ramdenime xma ismis - esaa personaJebisa da
avtoris xma. im TavebSi, romlebSic Txroba pirveli pirisgan warmoebs, mxolod personaJis
xma ismis, avtoriseuli CarTvebi, Sefasebebi da replikebi arsad aris. heterodiegeturi
mTxrobeli monawilea im ambebisa, romelsac gviyveba. magram aris Tavebi, romlebSic mxolod
avtoris narativia da es narativi garkveuli ganzogadebuli Sinaarsisaa, Sesabamisad
konceptualur planSi gaiazreba. magaliTad, me-14 Tavi „fiqrni mtkvris piras 2: zone reality”
- masSi CamoTvlilia ramdenime aTeuli zmna kavSirebiTis formiT - „Cven SegveZlo
gvecxovra, gvej obna, gveboza, gvesnoba, gveqlesa, gvebraza ...gvemaTxovra ufro amayad“.
TiToeuli zmna erTbaSad aRwers, dascinis da akritikebs im realobas, romelSic araferi
aRaraa namdvili, TviT omic ki! miniSneba romantikos poetze da xazgasma imisa, rom es
realuri viTarebaa da romantikasTan araferi aqvs saerTo, meti simZafriT tvirTavs am
qveTavs.
„adibasi“, stilis TvalsazrisiT, 1980-iani wlebis amerikuli prozis, iaponuri mangebis da
amerikuli komiqsebis erTgvari nazavia. iseve, rogorc komiqsebi, es romanic gaj erebulia

4
supergmirebis imij ebiT, oRond mxolod imij ebiT, vinaidan, rogorc mTxrobeli ambobs: „No
one can be the hero in fake city” (lomiZe 2010: 14). stilTa amgvari Sereva postmodernistuli
romanisaTvis ucxo ar aris, iseve rogorc kanonzomieria ramdenime Janris erT teqstSi
Tanaarseboba. „adibasSi“ CarTulia piesa (mecxre Tavi, saTauriT „vintis molodinSi/ gmirTa
dieta“), misTvis damaxasiTebeli yvela niSniT: sceniuri tipis TxrobiT, avtoriseuli
replikebiT, moqmedebis adgilis detaluri aRweriT da sxva* mTeli romani gaj erebulia
postmodernistuli ironiiT, romelic realobaSi mimdinare movlenebs miemarTeba: „vardebis
revoluciidan moyolebuli saakaSvili sarevelasaviT amouZirkvavia, grafitiviT waruSleli,
reklamasaviT gardauvalia da saSaurmesaviT yvelganaa“ (burWulaZe 2009: 149).„xinkali
yvelas aerTianebs. rogorc firosmanis siyvaruli. rogorc interneti. rogorc simRera "We
are the World” (burWulaZe 2009: 72).
ironiis gverdiT realizebulia postmodernistuli esTetikisTvis damaxasiaTebeli kidev
erTi niSani - parodia. parodiis yvelaze kargi magaliTia me-8 Tavi „08/08/08“ - igi
parodiaa CvenSi ase gavrcelebuli yoveldRiuri asrtologiuri prognozisa. Txroba baZavs
astrologTa prognozs, Tumca ironizebulia, riTac xazi esmeba mis siyalbes: „verZi. dRes
Tqveni energetikuli resursebi namdvilad usazRvroa. mTavaria, maTi mobilizeba moaxerxoT.
dRes marsi cecxlovani lomisken ixreba. ase rom, didi energiis mozRvavebas igrZnobT.
magaliTad, Tavisuflad SegeZlebaT bavSvebis gaupatiureba. magram ar dagaviwydeT - maT es
ar daumsaxurebiaT“ (burWulaZe 2009: 91). amas mosdevs danarCeni TerTmeti zodiaqos niSnis
parodirebuli prognozic. rogorc aRvniSneT, romanis droiTi CarCo erT dRes moicavs,
sivrce ki SemosazRvrulia - moqmedeba Tbiliss ar scdeba. mxolod erTi personaJia am
sivrcis gareT - nylon_eyes - isic skaipiT „erTveba“ romanSi da erTi Tavis Semdeg qreba.
„romanSi moqmedebis asparezi aris Tbilisi - yalbi, erTgvari hiperrealuri, mutantebis
qalaqi, sadac yvelaferi erzacia, gayalbebulia - brendebiT dawyebuli yoveldRiuri
cxovrebiT damTavrebuli“ (lomiZe 2012:14).qalaqi Caketili sivrcea, TiTqos yvela erT
adgil tkepnis, droc ar iZvris, xSiradmovlenaTa verbaluri aRwera ufro xangrZlivia,
vidre Tavad movlenaTa xangrZlivoba. Sesabamisad diskursis dro ufro grZelia, vidre
siuJeturi. realizebulia postmodernuli prozisTvis damaxasiaTebeli gawelili
xangrZlivoba. miuxedavad drois zanti svlisa irgvliv mainc bevri ram icvleba - quCebSi
okupantTa tankebi dgebian, qalaqis Tavze ki bombdamSenebi dafrinaven. paradoqsi isaa, rom
personaJTaTvis es arafers niSnavs. yvela Tavis nebaze ayalbebs am sivrces:“Tbiliss Zalian
kargad unda icnobde, rom igrZno xolme es cvlilebebi. igi sul aseTi damyolia, rogorc

5
plastelini, hiperrealisturi qalaqi. nebismiers SeuZlia misi Tavis nebaze gamoZerwva,
gaferadeba, gaupatiureba, da rac mTavaria - gayalbeba“ (burWulaZe 2009: 174).
„adibass“ omis Temaze Seqmnili sxva teqstebisgan interpretaciis siTamame da
postmodernistuli romanisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli naratiuli Taviseburebebi gamoarCevs. am
kuTxidan danaxuli da aRqmuli omi daclilia yovelgvari tragizmisgan da oden
sainformacio gadacemebSi arsebobs. omze aravin saubrobs, mas aravin ganicdis. es epoqis
Sedegia Tu adamianebma dakarges TanagrZnobis unari? iqneb erTica da meorec. magram
„adibasi“, rogorc WeSmaritad postmodernistuli romani, ar eZebs kiTxvebze pasuxs da
mkiTxvels andobs omis „adibasuri“ interpretaciis interpretacias.

damowmebani:

burWulaZe 2009: burWulaZe,z.adibasi. Tbilisi: bakur sulakauris gamomcemloba, 2009

lomiZe 2010: lomiZe g. Tbilisuri erzaci: SeniSvnebi mindvrebze. J. „cxeli Sokoladi“,
2010 weli. marti, # 3 (33)
ratiani 2011: ratiani i. Tanamedrove literaturuli procesi. J. „Cveni mwerloba“, 2011
weli, # 24(154)

6
 Tea TalakvaZe
M
multiperspeqtiuloba, rogorc sabWoTa da (post) sabWoTa narativis warmoCenis saSualeba

(aka morCilaZis “faliaSvilis quCis ZaRlebisa” da viqtor pelevinis “mwerebis cxovrebis”

SedarebiTi analizis mixedviT)
samocdaaTwliani komunisturi epoqisa da sabWoTa narativis dasasruli safuZvlad daedo
90-iani wlebis kulturul-politikuri diskursis Seqmnas, rac komunisturi epoqis Secvlis
gamomwvevma mizezebma ganapirobes. Tavisuflebisa da demokratiis molodiniT Seqmnili
iluziis travmulad rRvevis fonze, gardatexis mij naze arsebulma kulturulma sivrcem
damkvidrebuli stereotipebisa da kliSeebisgan gaTavisufleba daiwyo.
aqedan gamomdinare, postsabWoTa sivrceSi aRmocenebuli “gardatexis literatura” mTlianad
postsabWoTa narativs daefuZna da mogvca arsebuli socialur-kulturuli sinamdviliT
gaj erebuli Semoqmedeba. bunebrivia, gardatexis epoqis damwyebi, axalgazrda mwerlebi, ver
gaeqcnen arsebuli sinamdviliT gamowveul refleqsias da “gardatexamac”, M
msgavsad
germanuli literaturisa, aranakleb mZlavrad iCina Tavi postsabWoTa xanis literaturaSi.
amdenad, postsabWoTa qveynis mwerlebi viqtor pelevini da aka morCilaZe Semoqmedebis
dasawyisidanve cdilobdnen winare literaturuli gamocdilebis gadaazrebasa da msoflioSi
mimdinare literaturul procesebTan integrirebas, riTac uaxlovdebian evropaSi, kerZod,
germaniaSi “gardatexis literaturis” socialuri kogniciis konteqsts.
Tavdapirvelad, aRsaniSnavia, rom TavianT TxzulebebSi, ambis gadmosacemad, orive mwerali
iyenebs multiperspeqtiul Txrobas. rogorc aka morCilaZis “faliaSvilis quCis ZaRlebSi”,
aseve viqtor pelevinis “mwerebis cxovrebaSi” moqmedi pirebi gansxvavebuli versiiTa da
mravalmxrivi perspeqtividan, ramdenime aRmqmeli instanciis monacvleobiT an erTmaneTis
miyolebiT, gadmogvcemen momxdar ambavs.
multiperspeqtiuli Txrobis interpretaciisas, sxvadasxva subieqturi perspeqtivis
Sej erebiT, calkeuli perspeqtivebis urTierTmimarTebis analizis safuZvelze gamokveTili
dominanturi perspeqtivis saSualebiT, mkiTxvels eqmneba multiperspeqtiuli Txrobis
funqciis dadgenis SesaZlebloba (Nunning 2000: 20). amdenad, literaturis
Teoretikosebis mier gansazRvruli ramdenime funqciidan, mxolod socialur funqcias
gavaanalizeb, radgan mimaCnia, rom orive mwerali multiperspeqtiulobiT mocemul
socialur samyaroSi pluraluri sazogadoebis warmoCenasa da maTi urTierTmimarTebebis

7
safuZvelze arsebuli individualuri krizisis prezentirebas axdens.
moralur-socialuri (damabalansebeli, j ami, Sedegi) funqcia Semdegnairad ganimarteba:
momxdari gadmoicema moTxrobili ambis gansxvavebuli perspeqtivebisa da socialuri
polifoniurobis (baxtinis koncefciis gagebiT) gaTvaliswinebiT (ger: Redevielfalt), rac
erTi konkretuli epoqisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. multiperspeqtiuloba SesaZlebelia
warmoaCendes sazogadoebis gansxvavebul Rirebulebebsa. aseve, sazogadoebriv pluralizms
usvamdes xazs. RirebulebaTa konfliqtis literaturuli inscenirebis saSualebiT
SesaZlebelia multiperspeqtiulobam Tanamedrove epoqis kritikasac Seuwyos xeli da aseve,
wamoiwyos sazogadoebrivi dialogi moralur da socialur kiTxvebze (Nunning 2000: 25).
“faliaSvilis quCis ZaRlebSi” ori, erTmaneTisgan sruliad gansxvavebuli ambavi viTardeba,
romlebic romanis dasasruls moulodnelad kveTen erTmaneTs. pirveli ambis mTavari moqmedi
piri meore ambis SemTxveviTi msxverpli xdeba, ambis siuJets protagonistis megobrebis mier
moTxrobili ambebis erToblioba qmnis, romlebic TavianTi cxovrebiseuli damokidebulebebiT
kraven erTian j aWvs, gansxvavebiT “mwerebis cxovrebisagan”, romelSic personaJebad adamiani
mwerebis mravalferovani speqtria warmodgenili da ar arsebobserTi mTavari personaJi.
mkiTxveli xroblismier ganxorcielebul perspeqtivaTa SeTanxmebisada personaJebis
urTierTmimarTebis analizis safuZvelze axdens nawarmoebSi warmodgenili ramdenime ambis
rekonstruqcias. moTxrobili ambebi 90-iani wlebis socialur-kulturul konteqstSi
moqceuli personaJebis cxovrebas asaxavs da ambis koherentuli versiis Seqmnis garda, am
wlebis postsocialisturi narativis dasasruls, vesternizaciis dasawyissa da epoqisadmi
damaxasiaTebel pluralizms warmogvidgens.
“faliaSvilis quCis ZaRlebSi” postsocialisturi epoqis dasawyisis niSnebi pirvelive
ambidan Cndeba, rodesac moTxrobis mTavari personaJi, gaRviZebisTanave nicaze fiqrs iwyebs
da iq yofnis survils gamoTqvams, es auxdeneli Savi zRvis miRma mdebare “rkinis fardiT”
izolirebuli samyaro, swored 90-ian wlebSi axdenili ocnebaa, romelsac sazogadoeba
samoqalaqo omiT, uSuqobiTa da “CamogrZelebuli sifaTebiT” Sexvda. Aamitomac,
gaTavisuflebuli politikuri sivrce bolomde ganuxorcielebel swrafvad darCa da
SemTxveviTi araa, rom gardatexis sazogadoebaSi ver realizebuli adamianebi an uazrod
iRupebian, an narkotikebs etanebian.
“mwerebis cxovreba” pelevinis SedarebiT adreuli namuSevaria, romelic Tavisebur
alegoriul parodias warmoadgens gansxvavebuli “saxeobis” adamianebis cxovrebaze.Aaq
gvxvdebian mizanmimarTuli kaliebi, cxovrebaze TavianT SexedulebebSi SezRuduli

8
WianWvelebi, marixuanas momxmarebeli baRlinj oebi, cxovrebis arsiT dainteresebuli nexvis
xoWoebi da mudam sinaTlisken mimavali Ramis peplebi. mTeli am “cxovelTa asortimentis”
daniSnulebaa zedmiwevniT aRweros, rogorc sazogadoebis cxovreba, aseve calkeuli
adamianisa, warmoCndes adamianis mier gamogonili sqemis mTeli uazroba, cxovrebiseuli
miznebis xelovnuroba.
postsabWoTa naratiuli aspeqti aqac romanis dasawyisSive vlindeba, sadac sxvadasxva tipis
adamiani-mwerebis cxovrebaa moTxrobili, romlebic erT mitovebul postkomunistur
sakurorto qalaq feodosias siaxloves dasaxlebulan. romanis dasawyisSive, niSandoblivia
mitovebuli kurortis postsabWoTa maxasiaTeblebi: kurortze arsebuli kooperatiuli
daxlebi, sadac samarcxvino kooperatiuli Sarvlebi gasayidadaa gamofenili, auxdeneli
sicialisturi momavlis naxatebi da a. S. aq, rogorc yvela sakurorto qalaqSi
ganTavsebulia kino-bari, sacekvao moedani, kafe manaTobeli reklamiT, sadac kerZebis
saxelwodeba ar Seesabameba mis gemos. aseTi simulaciuri niSnebiTaa SemosazRvruli garemo,
sadac es adamiani-mwerebi cxovroben.
orive SemTxvevaSi mwerlebi qmnian samyaros, sadac niSnebi kargaven mniSvnelobasa da
arsebuli sivrcis garRvevis surviliT Sepyrobili protagonistebi yovelgvari Zalisxmevis
gareSe ganagrZoben arsebobas droSi.
meore, rac dasavleTTan kavSiris aRdgenas “faliaSvilis quCis ZaRlebSi” cxadyofs
sigareti “magnaa”. mTavari personaJi gaRviZebisTanave iwyebs sigaretis mosapoveblad
“brZolas”, “magna”-“epoqis simbolo da komunizmis dasasruli”, magnam Caanacvla komunistur
epoqaSi Rirebuli “kolxeTi” TuU “yazbegi”.Bbrendisa da reklamis Semosvla socialur
transformaciasa da politikur proeqtebTan asocirdeba. “magnas” brends postsocializmis
xanis metasimbolod iazrebs amerikeli filologi da anTropologi pol maningi, romelic
Tavis kvlevas “magnas” epoqa: brendis totemizmi da warmosaxviTi gardasaxva socializmidan
post-socializmamde saqarTveloSi mTlianad afuZnebs nawarmoebSi warmodgenil sigaretis
brendebis konteqstur analizze. Bbrendi araa konkretuli produqtis simbolo. rodesac
saubaria “koka-kolaze” an “makdonaldsze”, igulisxmeba ara mxolod ualkoholo sasmeli an
swrafi kveba, aramed saqme gvaqvs vesternizaciisa da amerikanizacias procesTan.Aanalogia
SeiZleba moiZebnos volfgang bekeris filmTan Good Bye, Lenin!, romelic gardatexis Temazea
Seqmnili. filmSi dedis socialistur germaniaSi cxovrebis myar iluzias arRvevs sawoli
oTaxidan SemCneuli, mopirdapire sacxovrebel saxlze CamoSlili koka-kolas reklama.
amdenad, avtori samarTlianad axdens teqstSi, rogorc warmodgenili sigaretis brendebiT

9
momxmarebelTa individualizacias, aseve adgilisa da drois simbolizacias, ramac qarTul
sinamdvileSi 90-iani wlebidan iCina Tavi.
rac Seexeba viqtor pelevinis “mwerebis cxovrebas” vesternizaciis procesi rusuli
sisxliT movaWre amerikel koRod transformirebuli semiT xorcieldeba. 90-ian wlebSi
gaxsnili sazRvrebi ucxoeli saqmosnebis mier ruseTSi arsebuli resursebis dainteresebiT
daiwyo. mwerali swored amerikeli semis personaJis gamoCeniT mianiSnebs vesternizacias,
romelic pirvelive Tavidan adgilobriv rus partniorTan erTad Cndeba da maT garemocvaSi
realizebas cdilobs. SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos, rom maTi eqsporti adgilobrivi rusuli
sisxlia. Ppartniorebi mas finansuri uzrunvelyofis wyarod miiCneven, Tumca, marto
darCenilebi amerikelis kritikiTa da SeuracxyofiT avlenen ucxoelis mimarT arsebul
Sinagan protests. winaaRmdegobas aZlierebs rusi qaliSvili nataSas amerikeli semiT
daintereseba, romelic mTlianad upirispirdeba qveyanaSi arsebul stereotipebsa da
amerikelTan urTierTobiT cdilobs qveynidan gaRwevas. Tumca, misi da amerikeli semis
urTierToba mxolod erTad yofniTa da marixuanas moxmarebiT sruldeba.
multiperspeqtiulobam xeli Seuwyo romanSi sicialuri cxovrebis gansxvavebuli
individualuri speqtridan warmoCenasa da masze dayrdnobiT, erTi konkretuli epoqisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli, 90-iani wlebis socialuri diskursis gamokveTas, ramdenadac gardatexis
procesi sakmaod mravalgvarovan xasiaTs atarebda da gardatexis mij naze myof erTmaneTisgan
gansxvavebul tipebs qmnida.
mesame Zireuli aspeqti, rac gardatexis literaturaSi aSkarad gamoikveTa-tramvulobaa:
“postsabWoTa periodi, romelic sabWoTa dros damoukideblobasa da aRmavlobasTan
asocirdeboda qarTul literaturaSi tragediasa da ngrevis, qaosisa da agresiis
gamoxatulebad aRibeWda. Seiqmna nawarmoebebi, sadac stresi sazogadoebis doneze aisaxa.
irgvliv mimdinare procesiT ganpirobebul pirovnul travmas gamoxatavdnen avtorebi, am
SemTxvevaSi ki Txzuleba iqmneboda im funqciiT, rom avtors garkveuli mij na daedo
garesamyarosa da Sinagan samyaros Soris da stresul viTarebaSi pirovnuli mdgomareobis
aRweris gziT daecva sakuTari Tavi da sakuTari individualoba ( wifuria 2004: 151)”
“faliaSvilis quCis ZaRlebSi” Tavisuflebis Secnobisa da gaTavisebis procesi agresiiTa da
ZaladobiT xasiaTdeba, sazogadoebaSi wlobiT nagrovebi agresia erTbaSad gadmoifrqva da
axalgazrdebis didi nawilis pirovnul tragediad qceul Zaladobasa da cinizmSi
warmoCinda. Sesabamisad, moTxrobis mTavari personaJi zaza, Tavis dasaqmebul, solidurad
gamowyobil siZes dascinis, dakisrebul misiasa da daniSnulebas ironiulad axsenebs, zazas

10
deda dasaqmebuli siZis gaidialebas cdilobs da sakuTari Svilis usaqmurobas kicxavs.
j ipebSi msxdomni, sazogadoebis socialuri niSniT dawinaurebuli moqalaqeebi, fexiT
mosiaruleebs qedmaRluri ieriT xvdebian, malboros mflobelebi kolxeTis mwevelebze
Zaladoben, darRveulia asakobrivi zRvari da waSlilia yovelgvari kulturuli da
esTetiuri sazRvari.M
megobrobisa da siyvarulis umaRlesi gamoxatuleba sisxlis aRebaa,
daRvrili sisxlis gamosyidva ki – asaSenebeli eklesiis modelSi xorcieldeba. qaotur da
fsiqikurad aSlili samyaro moTxrobis bolos ikvreba, sadac SemTxveviTi msxverpli zaza
sadarbazosTanaa mokluli da mkvlelis monologuri TxrobiT mkiTxvels rCeba
STabeWdileba, rom mkvlelobaTa seria, dausrulebeli agresia maradiul cilklur wreze
trials agrZelebs.
“mwerebis cxovrebaSi” warmodgenili mwerTa mravalferovani samyaro, romlebic
gansxvavebuli socialuri klasidan da gansxvavebuli j iSis mwerebi arian, adamianTa
diferencirebuli socialuri klasis siuJets qmnis, msgavsad faliaSvilis quCis ZaRlebisa,
sadac Zaladobis meqanizmi aranakleb mZlavrad vlindeba.
filosofosi mama-Svili cxovrebis sazriss ZiebaSi xedavs, da Sesabamisad, maTTvis garemoSi
Seqmnili struqtura, demokratiisa da socializmis mij na, SeumCneveli rCeba. maTi cxovrebis
mTavari mizani arsebobisa da sakuTari me-s daniSnulebis gaazrebaa. nexvis xoWo mas Semdeg
iwyebs namdvil cxovrebas, rodesac acnobierebs nexvis mikro samyaroSi arsebobas, Tumca
mocemuli realobidan distancireba arsebuli realobidan Tavdaxsnis saSualeba araa da
rigiTi fexiT mosiarulis msxverpli xdeba. marixuanas baRlinj oebi, semisa da nataSas
sigaretis wvis procesSi nadgurdebian, TeatrSi antraqtis dros dauZlurebul polkovnikze
moZalade megobari WianWvelebi Zvel megobars nakuw-nakuw glej en. amdenad, es sazogadoebac,
“faliaSvilis quCis ZalRlebis” sazogadoebis msgavsad ierarqiul sazogadoebas qmnis, sadac
Zalis gadanawilebiT rigiTobis dadgenas axdens. maT Sorisaa pepela, romelic sakuTar
TavSi or me-s aerTianebs da erTis ganadgurebiT ideurad imarj ves meoreze, itovebs im me-s,
romelsac arsebul yofas moxerxebulad argebs. danarCeni mwerebi an xelmocarulebi
uimedod kvdebian, an mocemul sociumSi gadarCenisTvis ibrZvian. amdenad, gadarCena Seguebaa
da ara brZola. multiperspeqtiulobis saSualebiT 90-iani wlebis realisturi warmodgena
Zlierdeba, rac swored gardatexis mij naze myofi sazogadoebis esTetikis Seqmnas
emsaxureba.
orive nawarmoebSi realizebuli sazogadoeba sabWoTa narativisa da postsabWoTa narativis

11
mij naze imyofeba, Sesabamisad orive teqsti aerTianebs 90-iani wlebis Zaladobasa da
agresias, cinizmsa da ironias, romlebic pirovnebis TviTdamkvidrebisa da TviTgadarCenis
mizans emsaxureba, xolo mwerlebi socialuri pluralizmis saCveneblad iyeneben
multiperspeqtiulobas, orive teqstis Sej erebis safuZvelze mkiTxvels naTeli warmodgena
eqmneba maTi socialuri cxovrebis mravalgvarobaze, radgan multiperspeqtiuloba iZleva
adamianis individualuri xedvis warmoCenis SesaZleblobas erTmaneTisgan mkveTrad
gansxvavebuli poziciebidan. aseT viTarebaSi, SesaZlebelia, multiperspeqtiuloba
gardatexis literaturis maxasiaTeblad migveCnia.
Cvens mier gaanalizebul teqstebSi multiperspeqtiuli Txroba xels uwyobs: 1. Tanamedrove
adamianis fsiqologiuri portretis Seqmnas; 2. misi cxovrebis gardatexis krizisuli
kulminaciis Cvenebas; 3. martivi da sada TxrobiT umTavres Temebze koncentrirebas; 4. erTi
an ramdenime laitmotivis gamoyenebiT mkiTxvelze STabeWdilebis moxdenas; 5. minimalisturi
prozis tendencias: mis farglebSi mniSvnelovani xdomileba mxolod mianiSnebs konteqstze,
romlis meSveobiTac unda aixsnas igi (munareto 2008: 59). aqedan gamomdinare,
multiperspeqtiuloba xels uwyobs gardatexis epoqaSi myofi sazogadoebis
msoflmxedvelobis warmoCenasa da dominanturi funqciis saSualebiT arsebul samyaroSi
Zaladobis kritikas, amavdroulad aZlierebs travmulobis gancdas.
amrigad, axalgazrda avtorebma Zalian sainteresod, fiqciuri, Tu faqtiuri siurealisturi,
Tu realisturi saSualebebiT, socialuri konteqstiT warmoadgines 90-iani wlebis
sazogadoebis postsabWoTa narativi da SeZles, TavianTi wvlili SeetanaT aqtualur
literaturul tendenciebSi.

Ddamowmebani:
P1. pelevini 1999: Пелевин, В. Жизнь насекомых. Москва. 1999
2. morCilaZe 2011: morCilaZe, a. faliaSvilis quCis ZaRlebi. Tbilisi. 2011
3. maningi 2007: maningi, p. “magnas” epoqa: brendis totemizmi da warmosaxviTi gadasvla
socializmidan post-socializmamde saqarTveloSi, Tb. erovnuli biblioTeka, 2007
4. wifuria 2004: wifuria b. postsabWoTa travma qarTul mwerlobaSi da kidev erTi
metanarativis dasasruli. sj ani №5, 2004
5. wifuria 2005: wifuria b. postsabWoTa periodi da postmodernizacia qarTul
mwerlobaSi. Literaturuli palitra, №4-5, 2005
6. munareto 2008. Munaretto, Stefan. Konigs Erlauterungen und Materialen Band 462.

12
 Erlauterungen zu Ingo Schulze Simple Storys. Hollfeld. 2008
7. niuningi 2000: Nunning, A. und V. Multiperspektivisches Erzahlen. Zur Theorie und
Geschichte der Perspeqtiven –Struktur im englischen Roman des 18. bis 20.Jahrhunderts.
Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier. 2000

13
 arCil werediani
sabWoTa absurdi

absurdi, rogorc damoukidebeli Janri, aRmocenda meoce saukunis 50-ian wlebSi. amas xeli
Seuwyo, rogorc axalma filosofiurma mimarTulebebma, kerZod egzistencializmma,
“sicocxlis filosofiam“, aseve im epoqaSi or msoflioomgamovlil evropaSi
fexmokidebulma nihilisturma ganwyobamac. absurdis dramis mTavari funqciaa gamoxatos
rwmenadakarguli, auxsnel, iracionalur samyarosTan pirispir darCenili adamianis
tragikuli da gamouvali mdgomareoba. iseT samyaroSi, romelsac ar aqvs sazrisi, ar aris
sworad mowyobili da sadac “RmerTi mkvdaria“, adamiani sakuTari Tavis anabaraa mitovebuli.
is dausrulebeli tanj visTvis aris ganwiruli. am yovelives scenaze gadmosatanad
absurdistma dramaturgebma SeimuSaves xerxebi, romelTac tradiciuli Teatris principebi
mniSvnelovnad Secvales.
pirvel rigSi, axali Taobis dramaturgebma, eJen ioneskom, samuel beketma, artur adamovma,
Jan Jenem uari Tqves realizmze, romelsac sinamdvilis asaxvaze gaaCnda pretenzia. isini,
amis sapirispirod, Seecadnen, TavianTi piesebi obieqturi realobisTvis rac SeiZleba metad
daeSorebinaT. maT daarRvies obieqturi droisa da sivrcis maxasiaTeblebi, gansakuTrebiT
didi ironiiT iyvnen ganwyobili mizez -Sedegobrivi kavSirebis, samyaroseuli
kanonzomierebebis mimarT. SeuZlebelia samuel beketis, eJen ioneskos piesebis gaazreba
logikis gziT. ioneskos azriT, realizmi aris ubralod erT-erTi mxatvruli xerxi
saTqmelis gamosaxatad da meti araferi. mas sinamdvilis obieqtur asaxvasTan saerTo
araferi aqvs. am saSualebiT ki avtorebi mkiTxvels (mayurebels), ama Tu im ideologias
axveven Tavs. aqedan gamomdinare, nebsiT Tu uneblied, atyueben maT, im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu
Tavad avtorebi gulwrfelni arian: “realisturi Teatris kidev erTi nakli isaa, rom is
ideologiuria, es aris garkveulwilad matyuara, arakeTilsindisieri Teatri. ara mxolod
imis gamo, rom ucnobia ra aris realoba, arc marto imitom, rom arc erT mecniers ar
uTqvams, ras niSnavs “realuri“, aramed, radgan realisti avtori miznad usaxavs Tavs, raime
daamtkicos, gadaibiros adamianebi, mayurebeli, mkiTxveli ideologiis saxeliT, riTac
avtors surs Cveni darwmuneba.“ (ionesko. 1988: http://ec‐dejavu.ru/a/Absurd_b.html).
faqtobrivad, ionesko realizms propagandulobaSi adanaSaulebs (sainteresoa is faqtic,
rom sabWoTa kavSirSi, oficialuri ideologia meoce saukunis TiTqmis yvela evropul

14
literaturul mimdinareobas ebrZoda, samagierod aq xelovnurad Seiqmna e. w.
“socialisturi realizmi.“ misi saSualebiT avtorebs “sabWoTa “sinamdvile“ unda gadmoecaT.
am tipis literaturas mxolod propagandistuli funqcia hqonda). absurdistma avtorebma
TavianT piesebSi, racionaluri, logikuri azrovnebisadmi ironiuli damokidebulebiT, isini
obieqtur sinamdviles daaSores da naxevrad zRaprul samyaros daamsgavses, sadac yvelaferi
SeiZleba moxdes. kidev erTi umniSvnelovanesi siaxle, riTac absurdis Teatri gansxvavdeba
tradiciuli Teatrisagan, aris enis, metyvelebis funqciis daknineba. swored enaa is
umTavresi iaraRi, rasac tradiciuli Teatri iyenebs da eyrdnoba. Tu aqamde sityvebis
saSualebiT gadmoicemoda, esa Tu is, “WeSmariteba“, axla mas ukve aRar SeuZlia am funqciis
Sesruleba. swored esaa erT - erTi mTavari mizezi, ris gamoc absurdis Teatrs
antiTeatrsac uwodeben. aq ena aRar aris komunikaciis saSualeba. is informaciis
gadacemasac veRar uzrunvelyofs. personaJebi metyveleben ara imitom, rom erTmaneTs
gaagebinon risi Tqmac surT, aramed mxolod irgvliv gamefebuli sicarielis Sesavsebad. maT
Soris dialogi ver myardeba. TviToeuli maTgani warmoTqvams “monologs“, romelsac
“mosaubre“ arc ki usmens. swored aseTia samuel beketis piesis “godos molodinSi“
personaJTa metyveleba.
“dialogi ar aris“ (beketi) (baqraZe. 1972:N207). eJen ionesko kidev ufro Sors midis:
Cveulebrivi saubari aRar SeiZleba mimdinareobdes personaJebs Soris, radgan Cveulebrivi
sityvebiTa da dialogebis saSualebiT aRdgeba samyaros xedvis esa Tu is koncefcia.
saubari, metyveleba unda daiSalos. ionesko Tavis piesebSi mimarTavs tavtologiebs,
winaaRmdegobriv frazebs, gaurkvevel bgerebsa da Seusabamo gamoTqmebs, rac umetesad sicils
iwvevs mayurebelSi. am kuTxiT gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa misi piesa “meloti momRerali
qali“, romlis mimdinareobisas nel - nela ufro da ufro gaugebari xdeba moqmed gmirTa
metyveleba. finalSi ki is imdenadaa danawevrebuli, rom ara marto maT mier gamoyenebuli
frazebia Seusabamo da gaugebari, aramed Tavad sityvebi da Jestebic kargaven mniSvnelobas
(yovelive amis gamo piesa SeiZleba dadaizmTanac davakavSiroT). sityva anu aRmniSvneli
aRsaniSns aRar Seesabameba. es erT - erTi xerxia, risi wyalobiTac ena kargavs Tavis
ZiriTad funqcias. axla ukve ara marto personaJebs ar esmiT erTmaneTis, aramed komunikacia
irRveva mayurebelTanac. sityvebi sasceno sagnebad iqceva da moqmedi gmirebi maTSi
ikargebian.
ideologiac TavisTavad kodia, niSania, romlisTvis mniSvnelobis gamocla ukve aris masze

15
dartyma, am SemTxvevaSi xom is gaugebari gaxdeba. xelSi SegvrCeba carieli sityvebi,
lozungebi, romelsac ukve aRarafris gamoxatva aRar SeuZliaT. totalitaruli
saxelmwifoc umeteswilad aseT lozungebze dgas. am faqts xazs usvams j orj orueli
Tavis “cxovelebis fermaSi“, sadac cxovelTa lozungi “oTxi fexi kargia ori cudi“, rasac
cxvrebi ganuwyvetliv imeoreben, nel - nela kargavs Tavis mniSvnelobas da haeris rxevad
iqceva, romelsac gansxvavebuli azris gadafarvis funqciaRa aqvs. absurdis TeatrSi enobriv
problemasTan dakavSirebiT SeuZlebelia yuradRebis miRma darCes is faqti, rom samuel
beketic, eJen ioneskoc da artur adamovic, TumcaRa TavianT piesebs ZiriTadad frangul
eneze werdnen, arc erTisTvis franguli ena ar yofila mSobliuri (s. beketi -
irlandielia, e. ionesko - rumineli, xolo a. adamovi - rusi). es faqtic, garkveuli
TvalsazrisiT, SeiZleba absurdis kidev erTi gamovlinebadac CavTvaloT da davakavSiroT
komunikaciis problemasTan, rasac maT piesebSi udidesi mniSvneloba gaaCnia.
yovelive es: “metyvelebis krizisi“, gamoxatvis realistur xerxebze uaris Tqma, logikuri
azrovnebisadmi, mizez -Sedegobrivi kavSirebisadmi undobloba da groteskuli damokidebuleba
gasagebs xdis imasac, rom piesebSi moqmedeba ukiduresadaa SezRuduli. TiTqos yvelaferi
SeCerebulia. samuel beketis piesebSi droc, faqtobrivad, uZravadaa gayinuli. saerTod
drois mdinarebas gansazRvravs is, Tu ramdenadaa movlenebiT datvirTuli esa Tu is
monakveTi. Tumca beketi mizanmimarTulad qmnis scenaze sicarielis SegrZnebas (dekoraciebi
yvela mis piesaSi minimalisturia), sicarielea aseve personaJTa metyvelebaSic da Sinagan
samyaroSic. moqmedebis kidev ufro SenelebisTvis avtori Tavis personaJebs xSirad
gadaadgilebis saSualebasac ki uzRudavs: TiTqmis yvela maTgans raRac fizikuri nakli aqvs,
zogi nagvis yuTSi zis („TamaSis dasasruli“), zogi miwaSia welamde Cafluli („bednieri
dReebi“). amiT beketi adamianuri arsebobis ususurobaze mianiSnebs. avtori adamians
amouxsnel, absurdul samyarosTan pirispir sruliad marto tovebs.
absurdis Teatris kidev erTi mniSvnelovani maxasiaTebeli ganmeorebaa. piesebSi araerTxel
meordeba situaciebi, dialogebi, Jestebi. isini ciklebadaa dayofili. esaa erT - erTi
mZlavri iaraRi, romlis saSualebiTac mkveTrad esmeba xazi imas, rom adamianuri arsebobis
gamouvali mdgomareoba, absurduloba, rac maT piesebSia gadmocemuli, ar aris erTj eradi
situacia, romelic Caivlis, aramed yvelaferi ganuwyvetliv meordeba da dasasruli ar
uCans. erTaderTi gamosavali mxolod sikvdili Tu iqneba (beketis personaJebisTvis esec ki
sanatrelia). absurdis TeatrisTvis araa damaxasiaTebeli personaJebis fsiqologiuri
siRrmisa da sirTulis warmoCena. maTi cnobierebac iseTive danawevrebulia, rogorc maTive

16
metyveleba. is faqti, rom absurdis Teatris erT - erTi umTavresi mizani nebismieri
ideologiisagan gaTavisufleba da masTan brZolaa, Tavad eJen ioneskoc aRniSnavs. ar unda
iyos gasakviri, rom miseuli ena da xerxebi sabWoTa totalitaruli ideologiis
winaaRmdegac gamoiyenebodes. absurdi sabWoTa mwerlebisa Tu reJisorebisTvis propagandasa
da SiSze damyarebuli saxelmwifos mier gayalbebuli sinamdvilis parodirebisa da mxilebis
erT -erT gzad iqca. amisTvis aqtiurad gamoiyeneba absurdis iseTi mniSvnelovani
maxasiaTeblebi, rogoricaa arSemdgari komunikacia, groteski da parodireba, siuJetisa da
fsiqologizmis arqona, azrs moklebuli dialogebisa da Jestebis xSiri, ucvleli
ganmeoreba, avtomatizebuli, personaJTa meqanikuri moqmedebebi da metyveleba. cisferi mTebi
absurdis, rogorc ideologiuri brZolis saSualebad gamoyenebis erT -erTi yvelaze kargi
magaliTia rezo WeiSvilis moTxrobis mixedviT, eldar Sengelaias mier 1983 wels
gadaRebuli filmi “cisferi mTebi, anu dauj erebeli ambavi“. filmSi gadmocemulia sabWoTa
dromoWmuli sistema da funqciadakarguli sazogadoebis absurduli, yovelgvar azrs
moklebuli arseboba.
sazogadod, kinos naklebad SeuZlia absurdis enis mTlianad SeTviseba, es ufro kargad
TeatrSi xerxdeba, radganac is mTlianad pirobiTobazea damyarebuli da realobis utyuari
asaxvis pretenzia ar gaaCnia. kinos mTavari miswrafeba mayurebelSi realobis iluziis
Seqmnaa. man ekranze mimdinare movlenebis namdviloba unda daij eros. “lumierebis pirveli
kinoseansebidanve cxadi gaxda, rom kinoxelovneba damaj ereblad qmnis avtorsa da
mayurebels, ekranul da realur samyaros Soris arsebuli zRvaris mospobis iluzias.“
(gvaxaria. 1985: 9). iuri lotmani wers: “realurobis SegrZneba“ imas niSnavs, rom rac ar
unda dauj erebeli ram xdebodes ekranze, mayurebeli amisi mowme, monawile xdeba. aqedan
gamomdinare, is acnobierebs ra momxdaris irealurobas, emociurad mainc sinamdviled
aRiqvams mas“ (lotmani. 1973: http://lib.ru/CINEMA/kinolit/LOTMAN/kinoestetika.txt ). miuxedavad
amisa, “cisfer mTebSi“ mravlad aris absurdis enis elementebi. marTalia absurdis Janri
realobas uaryofs, magram es is SemTxvevaa, roca filmSi gadmocemuli mxatvruli
sinamdvile savsea gadaWarbebebiT, obieqturi realobis maxasiaTeblebis rRveviT, personaJTa
metyvelebis, maT Soris komunikaciis moSliT, meqanikuri moqmedebebiT da absurdis sxva
elementebiT, Tumca es mainc araa realuri istoriuli konteqstidan mowyvetili. sabWoTa
kavSiris moqalaqeebs sinamdvileSic xSirad uxdebodaT msgavs dawesebulebebTan urTierToba.
es is SemTxvevaa, roca realoba ukve hgavs absurds da masSi gansakuTrebuli bundovanebis
Setana aRaraa saWiro. eldar Sengelaia am filmze saubrisas aRniSnavs: “SemoqmedebisTvis

17
yvelaze didi biZgi Cveulebrivi yofa da cxovrebaa. yvelaferi im realobidan modis,
romelic Cvens garSemoa. sabWoTa yofa didad ar gansxvavdeboda im absurdisgan, rac ekranze
avsaxeT. Cven mxolod viTarebis odnavi utrireba movaxdineT.“ (interviu eldar
SengelaiasTan. 24 saaTi 25.04.10 http://24saati.ge/index.php/category/news/2010‐04‐
25/5793). erT - erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani faqtori, rac absurdTan anaTesavebs
“cisfer mTebs“, aris droisa da sivrcis sakiTxi. filmSi aRwerili dawesebuleba erTgvari
Caketili sivrcea, sadac dro ar miedineba. marTalia Senobis gareT is Cveulebriv gadis,
fanj ridan vxedavT, rom erTmaneTs cvlis weliwadis droebi, Tumca es yvelaferi Senobis
SigniT ar igrZnoba. aq yvelaferi erT momentSia gaCerebuli da araferi icvleba: swored
amis gamoa, rom aravin kiTxulobs sosos “cisfer mTebs“, irodioni ver midis SvebulebaSi,
ar gaaqvT grenlandiis peizaJi da a. S. yovel j erze yvelaferi xelaxla iwyeba. marTalia
personaJebi ar arian Caketilebi, isini daubrkoleblad toveben Senobas, magram am
Caketilobis gancdas swored drois uZraoba qmnis. marTalia motoburTis moedani, iseve
rogorc “gauTavebeli banketebi“, sadac yoveldRiurad miiCqaris direqtori - batoni vaJa,
Senobis gareT mdebareobs, magram yvelaferi es im absurdis gagrZelebaa, rasac
dawesebulebaSi vxedavT. es gasagebicaa, radgan filmi erTi romelime organizaciis kritika
ki araa, aramed is erTgvari parodiaa sabWoTa Caketil sazogadoebaze. (msgavs xerxs iyenebs
espaneli reJisori luis bunuelic Tavis filmSi “gamanadgurebeli angelozi“, sadac
moj adoebuli saxlidan, Tu eklesiidan gamosvla ar niSnavs gaTavisuflebas, vinaidan
gareTac zustad iseTive qaosia, rogorc SenobaSi). drosTan mimarTebiT, sainteresoa Tavad
rezo WeiSvilis teqsti, sadac drois dazustebasTan dakavSirebiT, miniSnebac ki ar aris,
dialogebi, Txroba miedineba uwyvetad (TiTqos mTeli moqmedeba erT dReSi, uwyvetad xdeba),
mkiTxveli mxolod dialogebidan igebs, rom ukve weliwadis droc ki Secvlila.
“cisfer mTebSi“ gansakuTrebiT did datvirTvas iZens absurdisTvis niSandoblivi iseTi
mniSvnelovani maxasiaTebeli, rogoricaa komunikaciis ararsebobis problema. iseve rogorc
absurdis TeatrSi, aqac personaJebi umiznod, mxolod imisTvis saubroben, rom raime Tqvan,
gaigonon sakuTari xma da ara imitom, rom dialogi Sedges. amis erT-erTi yvelaze kargi
magaliTia direqtoris, batoni vaJas metyveleba, romelic, faqtobrivad, ar usmens mosaubres
(am SemTxvevaSi sosos), is mxolod dazepirebul frazebs iyenebs: “-sami welia, sicarieleSi
var, batono vaJa”- mimarTavs soso direqtors, raTa Tavisi sulieri mdgomareoba gadasces.
“-ra Tqvi, raSi varo?“- Tan telefoniT saubrobs batoni vaJa. “-sicarieleSi... -Zalian
kargi!“ - meqanikurad pasuxobs da telefoniT laparaks ganagrZobs.

18
komunikaciis problema ara marto am konkretul SemTxvevaSia sagulisxmo, aramed mTeli
nawarmoebi (filmi) swored am principzea agebuli. gansakuTrebiT films komikurobas matebs
ucxo enebis – germanulis da frangulis Semotanac. arc esaa, ra Tqma unda, SemTxveviTi.
germanulad saubroben bela da misi patara gogona, romelic enas swavlobs, franguls ki
Suqri gamelauri eufleba. erT epizodSi ki yvelani frangulad mrtyveleben, maT Soris
motoburTis federaciis warmomadgeneli artem CaCaniZec ki, rac gansakuTrebiT komikurad
aRiqmeba. kolaJebad dayofili, arafrismTqmeli dialogebis, meqanikuri metyvelebisa Tu
moqmedebebis, komunikaciis rRvevis fonze, gansakuTrebiT komikuria is faqti, rom am
dawesebulebaSi momuSaveTa mTavari funqcia swored laparaki, literaturuli nawarmoebebis
ganxilvaa. amis Sesaxeb Tavadve ambobs liftSi gaWedili batoni vaso:
“-sxvaTa Soris Cveni sityva iwereba, laparakSi xelfass gvaZleven! -premiasac!“- amatebs
griSa.
aqedan gamomdinare, cxadia, rom am adamianebs dakarguli aqvT funqcia da yoveldRiuri
uazrobiT arian dakavebulni. aq sakuTar daniSnulebas aravin asrulebs (es yovelive, ra Tqma
unda, enaTesaveba absurdis Teatris personaJebs, romelTac dakarguli aqvT sakuTari adgili
samyaroSi). erTaderTi, vinc avtorTa xelnawerebiT aris dainteresebuli, mRebavi mixoa,
romelsac es saqme srulebiT ar exeba. filmSi funqcia ara marto personaJebs aqvT
dakarguli aramed sagnebsac. aq yvelaferi cudad muSaobs: gaumarTavia lifti, telefoni,
ar iReba fanj rebi da a. S. personaJebi biurokratiis gaurkvevel qselSi arian gabmulni, es
kidev ufro aZlierebs absurdulobis gancdas. am yvelafris erT -erTi saukeTeso magaliTia
batoni vasosa da griSas cnobili dialogi grenlandiis peizaJis gatanasTan dakavSirebiT:
“-gaitaneT-meTqi! gaitaneT!-am suraTis gatanis ufleba me ar maqvs. -aba vis aqvs? vis? -
gatanis ufleba aqvs direqtors da oTar ZedgeniZes. -xom darekes TqvenTan?.. xom darekes?
-SegiZliaT CamoitanoT brZaneba zevidan. Tqven kargad mogexsenebaT, rom mTavaria rezolucia,
pativcemulo vaso. -oTarma xom daado rezolucia? -daado... magram murvaniZem xeli ar
moawera. dagegmarebis gareSe Zala ara aqvs rezolucias“.
Seqmnili mdgomareoba imdenad absurduli da auxsnelia, rom dazustebiT imisi Tqmac Wirs,
Tu ras warmoadgens sinamdvileSi dangrevis piras myof SenobaSi arsebuli dawesebuleba,
romelsac “Sabiamnis axali partiiT“ regularulad amarageben. Tu absurdis Teatri
mimarTulia imisken, rom aCvenos mayurebels samyaros iracionaluri xasiaTi da adamianis
mier misi Secnobis SeuZlebloba, “cisferi mTebis“ SemTxvevaSic, aseve, auxsnel samyarosTan
gvaqvs saqme, magram es samyaro adamianis mieraa Seqmnili. filmSi amgvar ganzogadebasTan

19
naklebad gvaqvs saqme, aq aRwerilia 70 – 80 - iani wlebis tipuri sabWoTa dawesebuleba.
maSin roca komunisturi idealebi TiTqmis ukve daviwyebas mieca, sistema meqanikurad mainc
ganagrZobda arsebobas. adamianebi ki ufunqciod darCnen. swored esaa sabWoTa absurdis
pirveli marcvali, ramac “cisfer mTebamde“ miiyvana sazogadoeba. swored amitom iyo, rom
filmis gamosvlis Semdeg mayurebelma is aRiqva sakmaod realisturad da sakuTari Tavic ki
amoicno am absurdul personaJebSi. “eldar Sengelaias gmirebi Cveulebrivi egoistebi arian,
maTi gulgriloba Cveulebrivia, maTi indiferentuloba nacnobia TiToeuli CvenganisTvis.“
(gvaxaria. 1985: N9). “situaciis absurduloba am moTxrobis (filmis) Tematuri centria.
yvelas da yvelafers daswolia daSretili gonisa Tu sulis damTrgunveli aCrdili,
usicocxlo robotebad qceulan adamianTa morCili da arafrismTqmeli saxeebi.“ (benaSvili.
1985: 15). “cisferi mTebis“ personaJebi yoveldRiur absurdSi arian Cabmuli. miuxedavad
amisa, zogierTi maTgani mainc cdilobs Seqmnili mdgomareobis gaanalizebas, Tumca uSedegod.
Senoba, romelSic imyofebian, Tavze ise engrevaT, amis namdvil mizezs veravin xvdeba.
TumcaRa cdas ar akleben mizezis gasarkvevad: atareben cdas motocikletebis vibraciaze,
markSeideri asakovani buRaltris, qalbatoni Tamaris saSualebiT cdilobs ryevebis mizezTa
dadgenas, sosos agzavnian “miwis qveS“ metros gvirabis ambebis gasagebad, Tumca, yovelive
amaoa. mTeli filmis ganmavlobaSi, is cdilobs sakuTari Txzuleba waakiTxos sabWos
wevrebs, visac es evaleba, gamudmebiT daatarebs egzemplarebs, Tumca uSedegod. ganxilvisas
aRmoCndeba, rom arc erTi cali aRar arsebobs da sabolood im daskvnamde midian, rom
sosos saerTod ar warmoudgenia arc erTi egzemplari, rac ukiduresad absurdul
mdgomareobaSi agdebs gmirs.
“mkvrivi da dauZleveli absurduloba Tavisi uSfoTveli mdinarebiT, TviT masac abruebs da
ukargavs elementaruli winaaRmdegobis Zalas.“ (benaSvili. 1985:N18). sosos ganuwyveteli
mcdeloba sruli katastrofiT, miwisqveS (qvesknelSi) CasvliT mTavrdeba. filmis erT -
erTi mTavari gzavnilia is, rom sabWoTa sistema moZvelda, gamousadegari gaxda da
Sesacvlelia. “cisfer mTebs“ gansakuTrebul komikurobas sZens is logikuri Seusabamomebi,
rac ase didi doziTaa masSi. es yovelive, iseve rogorc absurdis dramaSi, parodirebis erT
- erTi mTavari xerxia. azrsmoklebul, meqanikur arsebobaze parodiaa, magaliTad, epizodi,
roca dawesebulebis ezoSi TanamSromlebi gulmodgined varj iSoben. msgavsi detali imave
funqciiT “godos molodinSic“ gvxvdeba. miuxedavad im totaluri usaqmurobisa, raSic
gamonaklisis gareSe yvela personaJia Cafluli, isini mainc yovelTvis Sromisgan daRlil
adamianebad cdiloben sakuTari Tavis warmoCenas: am mxriv yvelaze aqtiuri mainc

20
direqtoria, romelsac yovelTvis sadRac eCqareba, saqmiani da moucleli adamianis paTosiT
saubrobs, Tumca sinamdvile sruliad sapirispiroa. batoni vasoc pirdapir eubneba
markSeiders, rom aq muSaoba marTlac rTuli saqmea, Tumca mayurebelma ukve kargad icis,
rogorc muSaoben sinamdvileSi. iseve rogorc absurdis TeatrSi, kerZod, eJen ioneskos
piesebSi, am filmsac ar gaaCnia Camoyalibebuli siuJeturi xazi. dialogebi aqac kolaJebadaa
dayofili. marTalia filmis yvela personaJi erTmaneTisgan gamoirCeva xasiaTebiT, rac
garkveul kolorits sZens maT, magram sinamdvileSi maT Soris ar arsebobs mniSvnelovani
gansxvaveba. yvelani moklebuli arian Rrma fsiqologiurobas. ufunqcioba da is sivrce,
aura, sadac isini muSaoben, yvelas aTanabrebs, arTmevs pirovnulobas da meqanikur arsebebad
gardaqmnis, romelsac ar SeuZlia rameSi garkveva, problemis gamosworeba. is ukiduresad
gulgrilia. es Caketili paraleluri sivrce avlens Tavis karnavalur bunebas. karnavalic
xom paraleluri realobaa, sadac sayovelTao bedniereba sufevs. “cisferi mTebis“
personaJebi, TiTqos, cdiloben Tavs datexil gaugebrobaSi garkvevas da problemis
gadawyvetas, magram am yvelafers mxolod moCvenebiTi xasiaTi aqvs. aq sinamdvileSi beds
aravin uCivis. rom ara baTqaSis Camocvena da Semdgom Senobis ngreva, aq yvela Zalian
kmayofilad grZnobs Tavs: xelfasebs da premiebsac iReben, mivlinebebSic dadian, amis
sanacvlod ki arafers akeTeben. aseTia is utopiuri samyaro, romliskenac miiswrafoda
sabWoTa ideologia. “cisfer mTebSi“ aRwerili sivrce, absurdTan erTad, Zalian hgavs
antiutopiur samyarosac ara marto am or Janrs Soris saerTo niSnebiT, aramed am msgavsebas
kidev ufro aZlierebs is faqtic, rom absurdi am konkretul SemTxvevaSi mimarTulia
utopiuri ideis matarebeli saxelmwifos - sabWoTa kavSiris winaaRmdeg. aseve, sosoc
waagavs antiutopiis nonkomformist gmirs, isic cdilobs gaugebrobaSi garkvevas, ar yris
far - xmals, Tumca absurduli situaciebi masac sxvebiviT iTrevs. antiutopiasa da absurds
akavSirebs karnavali Tu fsevdokarnavalic. marTalia antiutopiaSi masSi monawileoba
iZulebiT xdeba, “cisfer mTebSi“ ki amas yvela siamovnebiT akeTebs, magram esec zustad is
saxelmwifoa, ris winaaRmdegac, daiwera pirveli srulyofili antiutopiuri teqstebi.
oRond es ukve misi arsebobis bolo etapia da utopiuri idealebis ukve aRaravis sj era.
erTi SexedviT, SeiZleba filmis personaJebi Tavisuflebic mogveCvenos, magram isini swored
absurduli samyaros tyveobaSi arian, arc es karnavalia Tavisuflebis momtani, Tundac
droebiTis mainc. filmi Seicavs karnavalizaciis sxva niSnebsac: aqac, iseve rogorc samuel
beketis “godos molodinSi“, personaJebs aqvT TavianTi sagnebi, romelTa gareSe isini
warmoudgeneli arian, da swored maTTan erTad Cndebian filmSi. magaliTad: soso gamudmebiT

21
Tavisi Txzulebis egzemplarebs daatarebs, vaso CorgolaSvilisTvis aseTi nivTi
grenlandiis peizaJia (romelic sabolood swored mas ecema Tavze, miuxedavad imisa, rom
misi oTaxidan gaitanes), batoni vaJasTvis – telefoni, irodionisTvis – moxarSuli
kvercxebi da Zveli seifi, kotesTvis, borisisTvis da kakosTvis – Wadrakis dafa da a. S.
maTTvis es nivTebi erTgvari saTamaSoebia, romelTa meSveobiTac Seiqceven Tavs.
karnavalizacia gansakuTrebiT mkafiod Cans filmis bolo nawilSi, roca “saqmiani“ Sexvedra
moulodnelad gadaiqceva “qorwilad“ da cekva - TamaSad. sosos nawarmoebis ganxilvisasac
fanj ridan saqorwino musika Semodis. es qmnis erTgvar moCvenebiT kontrasts sxdomasTan,
Tumca mas Semdeg, rac soso dabrundeba metrodan da amcnobs sasixarulo ambavs, rom ryevebi
qvemodan modis da male yvelaferi mogvardeba, iqmneba STabeWdileba, TiTqos yvelaferi
gairkva: “gadavrCenilvarT, batonebo“ – ambobs vaJa zazaeviCi. es kidev ufro aZlierebs
sazeimo ganwyobas. aq kidev erTxel Cans, rom es zeimi marTalia sayovelTaoa, magram namdvil
karnavalur zeimTan araferi aqvs saerTo. aqac gaismeba mquxare taSi stumrebis daxvedrisas
da sososgan motanili ambis gamo, magram es iseTi taSia, romelSic ase daxelovnebulni
iyvnen sabWoTa kavSiris saxelmwifo dawesebulebis TanamSromlebi. es zeimi ufro metad
antiutopiur fsevdokarnavals waagavs, romelic gulwrfrlobaze ki araa damyarebuli,
aramed tyuilsa da farsze. “cisfer mTebis“ bolos stumrebis Semosvlas, garkveuli
TvalsazrisiT, iseTive funqcia aqvs, rogorc eJen ioneskos “melot momReral qalSi“
mexanZris gamoCenas. saqme isaa, rom arc mexanZre gansxvavdeba ramiT danarCeni personaJebisgan.
iseve rogorc “cisfer mTebSi“ stumrebi (aseve gaugebari mizezis gamo modian da ar
gansxvavdebian maspinZlebisagan), arc maT SeuZliaT ramis garkveva, arc maT ician sad
movidnen. mxolod isRa darCeniaT, CaerTon zeimSi, “qorwilSi“. ra Tqma unda, saqorwilo
musika da mTeli es sazeimo ganwyoba parodirebis erT - erTi xerxia. TiTqos yvelaferi
gairkva, Senobas ngreva aRar emuqreba, yvelaferi metros gvirabis mSeneblobis brali
yofila, axla ukve zeimic gamarTlebulia, Tumca swored am dros iwyeba moZvelebuli
Senobis ngreva. yvelani toveben mas da miaqvT grenlandiis peizaJic. iqmneba STabeWdileba,
rom yvelaferi damTavrda. Tumca aq kidev erTxel iCens Tavs absurdisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
umniSvnelovanesi motivi. absurdis mdgomareobidan gamosavlis povna, misgan gaTavisufleba
ar xdeba, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, is absurdi aRar iqneba. “cisferi mTebis“ SemTxvevaSic
zustad amasTan gvaqvs saqme. filmis bolo kadrSi Cans sxva Senoba, romliskenac nacnobi
saxeebi miabij eben, zemodan ki isev ismis batoni vaso CorgolaSvilis da griSas ukve
araerTxel mosmenili dialogi: “- gaitaneT meTqi! gaitaneT! arsad ar vagdeb, gaitaneT! -ar

22
agdebT ki ara, agdebT! mTel grenlandias agdebT, imitom, rom geSiniaT, meored Tavze ar
dageceT! -me arafris ar meSinia, arafris ar meSinia! -me ara maqvs am suraTis gatanis
ufleba... -aba vis aqvs, vis?!“ aseTi finali, erTi mxriv, filmSi gadmocemuli absurduli
mdgomareobis dausruleblobaze mianiSnebs mayurebels da amiT bolomde misdevs absurdis
Janris ZiriTad motivebs, meore mxriv ki es erTgvari winaswarmetyvelebaa e. w.
“perestroikazec“. “cisferi mTebi, anu dauj erebeli ambavi“ gadaRebulia 1983 wels da
ekranebze 2 wlis dagvianebiT gamovida. rogorc Tavad reJisori eldar Sengelaia aRniSnavs
erT - erT interviuSi, ekranebze gamosvlamde filmi Tavad mixeil gorbaCovs unaxavs
biWvinTaSi yofnisas da aseTi ram uTqvams: “Tu rame ar viRoneT, Cvenc igive dagvemarTeba,
rac am dawesebulebas mouvida bolos. Tavze dagvengreva qveyanao.“ (interviu eldar
SengelaaiasTan. 24 saaTi. 25. 04. 10). mTavari gansxvaveba, rac absurdis Janrsa da “cisfer
mTebs“ Soris aris, isaa, rom absurdis dramis avtorebi mTlianad gamoricxavdnen TavianTi
piesebis ideologiuri brZolisaTvis gamoyenebas. maTi Teatri ar aris imisken mowodebuli,
rom mayurebelze politikuri zegavlena moaxdinos. eldar Sengelaias filmi ki amis erT -
erT saukeTeso magaliTadac ki SeiZleba miviCnioT. is amis gamo nawilobriv enaTesaveba
bertold brehtiseul meTods, romlis mixedviTac Teatris daniSnuleba aris mayureblis
provocireba, raTa speqtaklis naxvis Semdeg, masSi aRiZras qmedebis, raimes Secvlis
survili. bertold brehti wers: “Cven gvWirdeba Teatri, romelic Segviqmnis ara marto
grZnobebs, Sexedulebebs da gancdebs, ris saSulaebasac iZleva adamianTa urTierTobaTa esa
Tu is istoriuli garemo da romlis fonzedac mimdinareobs sceniuri moqmedeba, aramed
gaaRviZebs saWiro azrebsa da grZnobebs am istoriuli garemos gardaqmnisTvis.“
(brehti. 1982: 33-34). “cisferi mTebi“ swored aseTi qmedebisken mouwodebs mayurebels.
filmi komediuri Janrisaa, Tumca is, ubralod, mayureblis garTobas ki ar emsaxureba,
aramed misi mTavari gzavnili da daniSnuleba absurdamde misul sabWoTa sazogadoebaSi
protestis grZnobis gaRviZeba iyo. brehtis Teatris principebi, marTalia, absurdisti
dramaturgebisTvis kategoriulad miuRebeli iyo. miuxedavad amisa, kiTxvaze, Tu romel
Janrs miekuTvneba “cisferi mTebi, anu dauj erebeli ambavi“, absurdisTvis gverdis avla
SeuZlebelia. Tavad eldar Sengelaia am kiTxvaze ase pasuxobs: “suraTi absurduli komediaa.
filmSi gauTaveblad meordeba erTi da igive viTareba. es aris xerxi, romlis saSualebiTac
SevecadeT gveCvenebina sabWoTa epoqis uazroba da usulguloba. igav - arakis formiT
vTqviT, rom uZravi sazogadoeba dasangrevad aris ganwiruli. Cven vcxovrobdiT absurdSi.“
(interviu eldar SengelaiasTn. 24 saaTi. 25. 04.

23
10). marTalia sabWoTa kavSiri ukve aRar arsebobs, magram “cisferi mTebi anu dauj erebeli
ambavi“ kvlav inarCunebs rogorc mxatvrul Rirebulebas, aseve aqtualurobasac. filmSi
dacinvis sagnad qceuli mankierebebi ar aris mxolod sabWoTa kavSirisTvis, misi
sazogadoebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli. masSi naCvenebia uZravi, Caketili sazogadoebis momavali,
romelic aucileblad dangrevisTvisaa ganwiruli. dRes ukve sabWoTa sazogadoeba amis erT -
erTi magaliTia. filmma, faqtobrivad, am saxelmwifos daSla iwinaswarmetyvela. “cisfer
mTebSi“ parodiis sagans mainc warmoadgens ara marto sistema, aramed, zogadad, adamianuri
mankierebebi – sizarmace, usaqmuroba, gulgriloba, rac yvelasTvis gasagebia da rasac,
ubralod, axalisebda garemoc. miuxedavad imisa, rom wlebis Semdeg aRarc emaxsovrebaT is
atmosfero, riTic gaJRenTili iyo sabWoTa dawesebulebebi, aqtualurobas is met-naklebi
simwvaviT mainc SeinarCunebs. “borotebis imperia“ ukve ori aTwleulia aRar arsebobs,
sazogadoebis did nawils sj eroda, rom yvelaferi damTavrda da Seicvala, magram
postsabWoTa epoqam Tavisi problemebi moitana. absurdi mainc ganagrZobs arsebobas, rasac
“cisferi mTebis“ finalic gvaxsenebs.
damowmebani:

1. baqraZe: baqraZe m. “samuel beketis piesa “godos molodinSi“. “xomli“ №8. Tbilisi.,
1972;
2. baxtini: baxtini. m. “fransua rables Semoqmedeba da Sua saukuneebisa da renesansis
xalxuri kultura“. “saWoTa xelovneba“ №1. №2. Tbilisi., 1987;
3. benaSvili: benaSvili g. “yofierebis prozauli misteriebi“. “kritika“ №2. Tbilisi.,
1986;
4. berlini: berlini norman. “ratom maincadamainc “godos molodinSi“. http://arilimag.ge;
5. brehti: brehti bertold. “patara organoni TeatrisaTvis (Teatr. xelovnebis specifikuri
sakiTxisaTvis)“ Tbilisi. “xelovneba“., 1982; gvaxaria: gvaxaria g. “avtori gmiri
ideali”. sabWoTa xelovneba“ №9. Tbilisi., 1985;
6. gvaxaria: gvaxaria g. “ionesko 100“.
http://www.tavisupleba.org/content/article/1890156.html
7. TikanaZe: TikanaZe r. “dauj erebeli ambavi anu WeSmariti komedia“. “kino“ №1., 1985;
kuWuxiZe: kuWuxiZe i. “dauj erebeli, magram...“ “sabWoTa xelovneba“ №2 Tbilisi., 1985;
8. maxaraZe: maxaraZe. n. “cisferi mTebis simaRle“. “Woroxi“ №1. Tbilisi., 1986;

24
9. “cisferi ambavi anu dauj erebeli filmi“ interviu eldar SengelaiasTan
http://24saati.ge/index.php/category/news/2010‐04‐25/5793
10. Ионеско: Ионеско Э. Есть ли будущее у театра абсурда? (Выступление на коллоквиуме
«Конец абсурда?») Театр абсурда. Сб. статей и публикаций. СПб., 2005;
11. Лотман: Лотман Юрий. Диалог с Экраном. "Александра". Таллин 1994. 116;
12. Лотман: Лотман Юрий. Семиотика кино и проблемы киноэстетики. Издательство "Ээсти
Раамат" Таллин, 1973. http://lib.ru/CINEMA/kinolit/LOTMAN/kinoestetika.txt_with-big-
pictures.html;

25
gubaz leTodiani
qarTuli verlibris ritmi

cnobilia, rom zogadad, verlibrs leqswyobis tonur sistemas miakuTvneben, masSi ritmis
maorganizebeli maxvilia. maS, rogor iRebs qarTuli umaxvilo ena tonur leqswyobas
mikuTvnebul verlibrs? qarTul regularul leqsSi ritmis maorganizebeli aramxolod
silaburoba, strofika da riTmaa, aramed maTTan erTad mniSvneloba eniWeba evfoniasa da
anJambemans. rogorc T. doiaSvili aRniSnavs, „farTod gaaazrebuli, „evfonia“,
bgeraTgameorebasa da riTmasTan erTad, ritmsac moicavs“ (T. doiaSvili 1981: 37). Cven
swored ritmis sakiTxi gvainteresebs. rogorc cnobilia, verlibri regularuli leqsis
maxasiaiTeblebs: izosilabizms, riTmas, metrikas, strofikas uaryofs. maT ritmis
organizebaSi didi wvlili miuZRviT. Tavisufali leqss ki mainc aqvs ritmi. vfiqrob,
swored evfonia da gadatana aris verlibris ritmis mTavari maorganizebeli faqtori.
Tumca, garkveul SemTxvevebSi, SesaZloa, sustma maxvilmac daareguliros leqsis
ritmuloba, magram ara im doneze, rogorc amas evfonia da gadatana SeZlebs. es sakamaTo
sakiTxia albaT, radgan anJambemani metrulad mowesrigebuli leqsisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli
(anJambemani mxolod myari, gamokveTili metris mqone leqsebSi aRiqmebaT. doiaSvili) da,
ZiriTadad, sintaqsze ritmis Zaldatanebis Sedegia. savaraudod, maxlobel movlenas, rasac
verlibrSi vxvdebiT, sxva saxeli unda daerqvas. (amitomac anJambemans (gadatanas), rogorc
termins, verlibrTan mimarTebiT brWyalebSi CavsvamT) Tumca T. doiaSvili aRniSnavs,
„anJambemanis warmoqmna SesaZlebelia nebismieri tipis winadadebaSi- gadatana ar aris
damokidebuli winadadebis sintaqsur agebulebaze“ (T. doiaSvili 2000:20).
evfonia uzrunvelyofs leqsis keTilxmovanebas. misi ZiriTadi saxeebia: aliteracia da
asonansi, aseve bgeraTa erToblioba da bgeraTmimbaZveloba, anu onomatopea (a. xinTibiZe
2000). „leqsis evfonia enis fonetikur monacemebs efuZneba“ (a. xinTibiZe 2000: 96).
qarTul enas ki axasiaTebs simZimeca da simsubuqec (a.xinTibiZe; 2000). ritmis „dagdeba-
awevas“, verlibrSi, msubuq (melodiur sityvaTa) da mZime (mravalTnxmovniani) sityvebis
monacvleoba unda qmnides. gadatana maSin gamoiyeneba, rodesac „azris konkretuli monakveTi
ar Tavsdeba erTi striqonis farglebSi da gadadis meore striqonze“ (a. xinTibiZe 2000:
65). sintaqsisa da ritmis SeuTavsebloba iZleva anJambemans. „gadatana ritmis Zaldatanebis
Sedegia sintaqsze“ (a. xinTibiZe 2000: 65). mas TiTqmis yvela mkvlevari erTnairad
ganmartavs. v. Jirmunski wers: „roca metruli dayofa ar emTxveva sintaqsurs, Cndeba

26
gadatana“; „gadatana aris „taepis ardamTxveva sintaqsur monakveTTan“ - ganmartavs
tomaSevski“; „i. tinianovic gadatanas iseT movlenad miiCnevs, rodesac ritmuli rigi da
sintaqsuri erToba erTmaneTs ar emTxveva“; „akaki gawerelias gansazRvrebiT, anJambemani
ewodeba, „leqsis ama Tu im taepis dasasrulis gadatanas momdevno taepSi, rac intonaciur
konfliqts iwvevs metrsa da taepis sintaqsur daboloebas Soris“ (T. doiaSvili 2000 15 –
16). Temur doiaSvilis monografiaSi „Enjembement“ vrclad aris ganxiluli gadatana,
rogorc cneba da poeturi xerxi. miTiTebulia, rom arsebobs gadatanis sami saxeoba:
cezuruli, taepobrivi da strofuli. maTgan yvelaze xSiria taepobrivi. (da vinaidan
verlibri strofulad amorfulia, masSi strofuli „anJambemani“ ver dafiqsirdeba). avtoris
TqmiT, „anJambemanis gansazRvra, rogorc wesi, erTi romelime parametris mixedviT xdeba -
metruli struqturis, logikur - semantikuri da dasrulebulobis an ritmul -
sintaqsuri erTobis poziciebidan“ (T. doiaSvili 2000: 15). am SemTxvevaSi, pirveli maTgani
verlibrTan mimarTebiT ar gamogvadgeba, radgan mas metri ar aqvs. dasaxelebul naSromSi
aRniSnulia metad saintereso faqti, „rom gadatana sasaubro metyvelebazea orientirebuli“
(T. doiaSvili 2000: 53); „prozaul intonaciaze orientireba leqsSi ori aspeqtiT
vlindeba: stilistikurad neitraluri proz auli intonaciis stilizeba da sasaubro
metyvelebis stilizeba“ (T. doiaSvili 2000: 53). rogrc cnobilia, saleqso metyvelebis
sasaubro metyvelebasTan daaxloeba verlibrSi xSiri, SeiZleba iTqvas, totaluri movlenac
kia. amasTan, misTvis damaxasiaTebelia sasaubro intonacia, amitomac dasaSvebad mimaCnia, rom
„gadatanas“ Tavisufal leqsSi logikur - semantikuri da ritmul - sintaqsuri funqcia
ekisrebodes. aseve gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom verlibri manipulaciuri leqsia, igi
leqsisTvis zogad maxasiaTebeblebs, SesaZloa, sporadulad avlendes. zemoTqmulidan
SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom qarTuli ena Tavisuflad iRebs verlibrs. evfoniisa da gadatanis
saSualebiT ki qmnis ritms. gamoTqmuli azris dasasabuTeblad ganvixilavT zviad ratianis
leqss, „megobari fanj ara“.
(siCumec xom SeiZleba iyos daxvewili) didi xania
mzis sxivebi ver atanen mis naoWebSi. dReebma ikles, Rameebmac. didi xania
yoveldRe - me mas vuTvalTvaleb - fanj aras uzis
da amzeurebs Tavis sikvdils. didi xania
ver SeubedavT verc mzisa da verc mTvaris sxivebs
mis naoWebSi - labirinTSi. didi xania
SerCa mis saxes ori Tvali,

27
rogorc ori abezari stumari gacarielebul sufras,
romelic ukve aalaga diasaxlisma
da dautova TiTo Wiqa, nakluli boTli.
ori Tvali, romlebSic j er kidev, inerciiT, brunavs samyaro,
rogorc borbali waqceuli velosipedis -
drom waiborZika TiTqos,
magram ar daeca, Tavi Seimagra, gza ganagrZo da, ai , fanj ara,
mopirdapire saxlis fanj ara; is ki aRar Cans, moxucebuli,
magram me vici, isev iq aris,
ver vxedav, magram vici, iq aris:
imdenxans ij da fanj arasTan, bunebrivia, gamWvirvaleba gadaedo
minebisagan.
am leqsSi „gadatana“ udides rols asrulebs. rogorc vxedavT, gamoyofili sityvebi erT
sintaqsur wyobas miekuTvneba, magram isini dayofilia da sxvadasxva striqonzea
ganlagebuli. es ki, aramxolod ritmis SegrZnebas, aramed Sinaarsobriv mxaresac usvams xazs.
rogorc T. doiaSvilis gamokvlevaSia aRniSnuli, „anJambmanis eqspresiuli funqcia
metyvelebis gamomsaxvelobis gaZlierebaSi vlindeba. igi emociurad Sefereli metyvelebiT
gvimxels avtoris, poetis mimarTebas gadmocemul faqtTan da movlenasTan“ (T. doiaSvili
2000; 43). davakvirdeT: ori erTi da imave azris gamomxatveli winadadeba sxvadasxvagvaradaa
striqonebze ganlagebuli:
1. (siCumec xom SeiZleba iyos daxvewili) didi xania
mzis sxivebi ver atanen mis naoWebSi.
2. didi xania
ver SeubedavT verc mzisa da verc mTvaris sxivebs
mis naoWebSi - labirinTSi.
pirveli winadadeba oradaa gayofili, meore sam striqonzea ganawilebuli. orive
SemTxvevaSi, sityaTSeTanxmeba - „didi xania“ - gamoyofilia. mere winadadebaSi yuradRebas
iqcevs sityvebi - mis naoWebSi. ritmis organizebaSi, aseve, didi funqcia akisria
bgerwyobas. ganvixiloT Semdegi striqonebi:
„ori Tvali, romlebSic j er kidev, inerciiT, brunavs samyaro,
rogorc borbali waqceuli velosipedis“.

28
aq TvalnaTliv Cans „r“ bgeris aliteracia. leqsis es nawili ritmis temps amkveTrebs.
amasTan, semantikuri mniSvnelobac sagulisxmoa.
anJambemans miiCneven gaazrebul poetur xerxad. amitomac, vfiqrob, logikas ar unda iyos
moklebuli is varaudi, romlis mixedviTac verlibri, rogorc azris poezia, „gadatanas“
cnobs erT-erT umniSvnelovanes stilistikur saSualebad. imis sailustraciod, Tu raoden
did mniSvnelobas aniWebs poeti gadatanas, moviyvanT amonarids zviad ratianis kanonikuri
leqsidan da poloneli poetis, tadeuS dabrovskis missave (zviad ratianis) Targmans.
„dilis simRera“
ver gaaxurebs civ RameSi gayinul motors,
romelmac mZRoli gaawvala; Tundac erT foTols
ver daifaravs qarisagan; Cemi simRera
purad verasdros SeiWmeba, verc daiRvreba
saflavze Rvinod; da verc evad, monrod, heterad
ver Seuwveba vneba aSlils; da verc veterans
ver daubrunebs dakargul fexs. yoveldRe mecxre
sarTulis aivnidan velodo mercxlebs.
gamoyofili sityvebi aRniSnaven anJambemanis SemTxvevebs. aSkaraa, rom leqsis ritmi
damokidebulia gadatanis poetur xerxze. axla ki vnaxoT rogor vlingeba „gadatana“
verlibris qarTul TargmanSi.
* * *
sityva vaSli ar Seicavs aranair simarTles
vaSlze, iseve rogorc mis formaze,
surnelze, ferze
an gemoze. simarTle ar Cans, ver daynosav
da verc CakbeC. naTqvami vaSli ar iWmeva.
sityva vaSlsa da namdvil vaSls Soris
xdeba vaSli. manZili sityva sikvdilsa da
sikvdils Soris gacilebiT tevadia, iq xdeba
sicocxle. xolo sityva simarTles da simarTles Soris
xdeba sikvdili.

29
rogorc vxedavT, erTi winadadeba ganawilebulia oTx striqonze, magram araa gamoyofili.
igi ar miiCneva gadatanad, radgan yoveli taepi dasrulebul erTeulad warmodgeba. amiT
iqmneba moulodnelobis efeqtic. sxvagvari viTarebaa leqsis meore nawilSi: aq yoveli
striqoni azrobrivad dausrulebelia, amasTan „gadatanilia“ is frazebi da sityvebi,
romelTac mniSvnelovani roli akisriaT teqstis arsis amokiTxvisTvis. da anJambemani,
rogorc poeturi xerxi swored mniSvnelovani pasaJebis gamkveTrebis miz niT gamoiyeneba.
aRsaniSnavia, leqsis struqturuli dayofa: is ori nawilisgan Sedgeba, pirvelSi
warmodgenilia erT konkretul saganze, cnebaze (vaSlze) msj eloba - es erTgvari Semzadebaa
meore nawilisTvis. meoreSi j er warmodgenilia zemore msj elobis daskvna. amis Semdeg ki
leqsis mTavari saTqmeli gamoikveTeba. aqedan gamomdinare, es leqsi SegviZlia ganvixiloT
rogorc teqsti teqstze, anu is kolaJuri teqnikiTaa agebuli. am teqnikis ganxorcielebis
saSualebas ki iZleva leqsSi arsebuli „gadatanis“ xerxi, romelic azris gamkveTrebesTan
erTad, monotonur dabal ritmulobasac ganapirobebs.

damowmebuli literatura:
1. doiaSvili: doiaSvili T., Enjembement, Tbilisi, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademia
rusTavelis saxelobis qarTuli literaturis instituti 2000: 3 – 63
2. doiaSvili: doiaSvili T.,leqsis evfonia, Tbilisi, sabWoTa saqarTvelo, 1981: 3 -210
3. literaturis Teoria, Tbilisi, literaturis institutis gamomcemloba
4. ratiani: ratiani z., j ibis haeri, Tbilisi, bakur sulakauris gamomcemloba, 2000: 5 -55
5. ratiani: ratiani z., tadeuS dubrovskis leqsebis Targmani, gaz. „literaturuli
gazeTi“ 2012: 15
6. http://letyra.ru/?p=50&page=5

30
Tamar SeyilaZe

socialuri da tradiciuli mediis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxisTvis

2005 wels mediamagnatma rupert merdokma amerikuli gazeTebis gamomcemelTa asociaciisadmi

mimarTvaSi aRniSna, rom dasrulda dro, roca informaciis gavrcelebas ramdenime
redaqtori akontrolebda, roca isini wyvetdnen, ra unda gvcodnoda da ra -ara.
mediamagnatis TqmiT, dRes momxmareblebs informaciis ufro farTod gamoyenebis survili
aqvT, maT undaT saubari, kamaTi, SekiTxvebis dasma. merdokis sityvebiT dasturdeba, rom
dRevandeli auditoria ukve aRaraa informaciis pasiuri momxmarebeli.
mas mudmivi interaqciis saucxoo saSualebas socialuri media aZlevs. marTlac, Tanamedrove
epoqaSi socialuri media tradiciuli mediasaSualebebis (presa, radio, televizia) gverdiT
warmatebiT Tanaarsebobs da konkurenciasac uwevs maT.
amdenad, interess moklebuli ar unda iyos masobrivi informaciis gavrcelebis am axali
arxis specifikaze msj eloba, dadgena imisa, Tu rogoria korelacia tradiciulsa da
socialur medias Soris.
isic unda iTqvas, rom aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sistemuri kvlevebis deficitia.
ar vgulisxmobT, rom aRniSnul Temaze Ziebani saerTod ar moipoveba. piriqiT, rogorc
dasavluri, ise qarTuli samecniero wreebi sul ufro xSirad interesdebian tradiciuli
da socialuri mediis urTierTmimarTebis TematikiT. sakiTxis ukeT gasaazreblad CavatareT
kvleva, romelic gaxmaurebul SemTxvevas - telekompania ,,imedis“ eTerSi 2010 wlis 13
marts gasul gadacemas, e.w. „modelirebul ,,qronikas“ da masTan dakavSirebul diskusias
exeba. Cveni kvleva aRwers, Tu rogor gamoiyenes socialuri media momxmareblebma
informaciis gasavrceleblad da ra saxis informacia vrceldeboda beWdur mediaSi, aseve,
socialuri da tradiciuli mediis ra saerTo da ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi gamovlinda am erTi
SemTxvevis ganxilvis Sedegad.
werilis dasawyisSi aRvniSneT, rom adamianebi mediidan momdinare informaciis pasiuri
mimRebebi aRar arian. axalma teqnologiebma informaciuli sazogadoebis Seqmna ganapiroba.
am sazogadoebaSi informaciis gavrceleba sazogadoebis wevrTa ZiriTadi saqmianoba xdeba.
ekonomikis sxva sferoebze metad, adamiani dasaqmebulia sxvadasxva sainformacio da
sakomunikacio industriebSi. aseve izrdeba informaciuli nakadebis moculoba, Zlierdeba da
mtkicdeba interaqtiuri urTierTobebi, farTovdeba qseluri urTierTkavSirebi.

31
eleqtronuli teqnologiis ganviTareba xels uwyobs informaciis individualizebul da
uswrafes warmoebas. informaciuli sazogadoebis ideas ukavSirdeba amerikeli sociolog-
kulturologis olvin tofleris ,,eleqtronuli kotej ebis“ Teoria. Teoriis mixedviT,
sazogadoeba Tavs daaRwevs mediis manipulatorul zemoqmedebas da TviTon daiwyebs kavSir-
urTierTobis saSualebaTa marTvas. Tavisi individualuri ekranuli mowyobilobebis
meSveobiT, masobrivi informaciis pasiuri momxmareblidan gadaiqceva mis aqtiur
mwarmoeblad. swored am azrs aviTarebs italieli publicisti da mwerali, umberto eko,
Tavis werilSi ,,internetidan gutenbergamde“, roca aRniSnavs: ,,xSirad vfiqrob, rom Cveni
sazogadoeba Zalian male gaixliCeba (an ukve gaixliCa) or klasad. erTi, romelic mxolod
televizors uyurebs, anu mxolod mza saxeebsa da samyaros Sesaxeb mza gansj as Rebulobs
da meore, romelic kompiuteris ekrans uyurebs, anu SeuZlia SearCios da gadaamuSaos
informacia.“ ( eko. 1996).
dRes adamianebi aqtiurad arian CarTulni informaciis Seqmnasa da gavrcelebaSi. amis
gansaxorcieleblad ki saukeTeso instrumenti socialuri mediaa. ra aris socialuri
media? termin ,,socialur mediaSi“ adamianebs Soris internetiT damyarebuli komunikacia
igulisxmeba. socialuri mediis meSveobiT nebismier adamians SeuZlia Tavad Seqmnas,
gaavrcelos informacia da miiRos ukukavSiri internetis momxmareblebisgan. socialur
mediaSi informaciis mimocvla eleqtronuli teqstebis, cifruli audio, video da
fotofailebis meSveobiTaa SesaZlebeli. tradiciuli mediis auditorias ukukavSiris
ganxorcielebis SezRuduli SesaZlebloba aqvs. socialuri media ki Zvel komunikaciur
models, monologs, axali sakomunikacio modeliT -dialogiT cvlis da adamianebs diskusiis
warmarTvis saSualebas aZlevs. socialuri mediis ZiriTadi Tavisebureba, swored
dialoguroba da interaqtiurobaa. tradiciuli media dRis wesrigs akontorlebda da
mayurebeli Tu msmeneli am wesrigs unda awyoboda, socialuri mediis momxmareblebi ki
Tavad irCeven, ra da rodis naxon.
socialuri da tradiciuli mediis urTierTmimarTebis problemebze saubrisas SemoaqvT
masmediis ,,horizontaluri“ da ,,vertikaluri“ modelebis cnebebi. es sakiTxi metad
aqtualuria amerikeli mediamkvlevarebisTvis. ,,tradiciuli media, TiTqosda, piramidis
TavSi dgas. mas ki gamowvevebis winaSe ayenebs socialuri media“ - Tqva komunikaciis
strategiebze saubrisas Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi stumrad myofma
fulbraiTis specialistma, aSS-is karolinis universitetis profesorma, donald Soum
(Tsu, Tbilisi, 13 ivnisi, 2011 weli). masmediis ,,vertikaluri“ modeliT tradiciuli

32
 media xasiaTdeba, rac imas gulisxmobs, rom msxvil mediasaSualebebs masobrivi auditoriis
manipulirebis SesaZlebloba aqvT. komunikaciis axali modeli ki ,,horizontaluria“, is
spobs uTanasworobas, dominirebasa da informaciul tiranias. am SemTxvevaSi ,,avtorisa“ da
,,mkiTxvelis“ cnebebi gaigivebulia: ,,potenciurad, socialuri qselis nebismier momxmarebels
(romelic amavdroulad mkiTxvelicaa) SeuZlia survilisamebr informaciis avtoradac iqces.
metic, mis mier miwodebul cnobebs SesamCnevi gavlena SeuZlia moaxdinos tradiciuli
mediis muSaobaze da CamoarTvas monopolia informaciis mopoveba-gavrcelebaze.“ (
SamiliSvili. 2010: 480).
tradiciulsa da socialur medias Soris kidev erTi ganmasxvavebeli niSani isaa, rom
socialuri media maqsimalurad bevri adamianis gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas uwyobs xels.
faqtobrivad, internetis yvela momxmarebels SeuZlia, Tavisi azri saj arod daafiqsiros.
am dros saj aro sivrce maqsimalurad inkluziuri xdeba (anu izrdeba moqalaqeTa
CarTuloba). es ki SeiZleba, mniSvnelovani gavlenis momxdeni aRmoCndes sazogadoebis
rogorc politikur, ise socialur suraTze. ,,
Tu adre mediasaSualebebSi mxolod avtoritetebad miCneuli adamianebis azrs eTmoboda
gansakuTrebiT didi dro, axla yvelas SeuZlia, Tavi farTo sazogadoebas gaacnos.“
(Jurnali ,,liberali“. 12-18 ivlisi, 2010: 24)
socialuri mediis reitingebi cxadyofs, rom aseTi tipis saitebi popularulia da maTi
momsaxurebiT milionobiT adamiani sargeblobs. am mxriv ki, pirvelobas aravis uTmobs
,,feisbuqi“, 2011 wlis pirvel meoTxedSi qselis momxmarebelTa ricxvi 80 milioniT
gaizarda.* eqspertebis TqmiT, feisbuqi qveyana rom yofiliyo, CineTisa da indoeTis Semdeg
mosaxleobis raodenobiT mesame adgilze gavidoda. naxevar miliardze meti adamianis
erTmaneTTan dakavSirebisa da maT Soris socialuri urTierTobebis damyarebisTvis,
informaciis gacvlis sruliad axali sistemis SeqmnisTvis 2010 wels Jurnalma ,,Time“-
ma ,,feisbuqis“ damfuZnebels, mark cukerbergs, wlis adamianis wodeba mianiWa.

----------------------
* www.socialbakers.com/blog/143-facebook-gains-80-million-new-accounts-in-the-first-quarter-of-2011/

socialuri mediis saitebi informaciis miRebis erTerT wyarod da tradiciuli mediis

konkurentadac iqca. niu - iorkSi Jurnal Bloomberg BusinessWeek-is mediasamitze CNN-
is prezidentma, j on kleinma ganacxada: ,,konkurenti, romlisac namdvilad meSinia, aris

33
socialuri media. me ufro maSfoTebs Facebook-is 500 milioni momxmarebeli, vidre FFox-
is 2 milioniani auditoria.“ (Klein. 2010). naTelia, rom socialuri media sakmaod
ganviTarda, zogierTi mas tradiciul mediasaSualebebs utolebs. sandro asaTiani Tavis
wignSi, ,,socialuri media skolaSi“, aseTi SemTxvevis Sesaxeb aRniSnavs: 2010 wels
amerikaSi gamarTul erTerT kompiuteruli teqnikis gamofenaze, blogerebs iseve SeeZloT
moeTxovaT akreditacia, rogorc amas tradiciuli mediasaSualebebis Jurnalistebi akeTeben
da SemdgomSi maTac iseTive saSvebi dauriges, rogorc Jurnalistebs.
socialur medias Tavad tradiciuli mediasaSualebebic iyeneben. bevri Jurnali, gazeTi,
radio, satelevizio arxi Tu gadacema ,,feisbuqSi“ sakuTar gverds xsnis da Tavis saitze
blogebs aTavsebs. swored aq imarTeba diskusiebi momxmareblebTan. tradiciuli media
auditoriasTan dialogs socialuri mediis daxmarebiT awarmoebs. rogorc zemoT iTqva,
socialuri media sakmaod ganviTarda, misi gavlenac sazogadoebriv da politikur
procesebze TandaTan izrdeba. bevri faqti, swored, blogerebis meSveobiT xdeba cnobili.
magaliTad, amerikaSi 2002 wels blogerebis umravlesobam da ara tradiculma
mediasaSualebebma, yuradReba gaamaxvila erTerTi oficialuri wveulebis dros senatis
umravlesobis lideris, trent lotis mier warmoTqmul sityvaze, romelSic man ganacxada,
rom aSS-Si gacilebiT ukeT iqneboda saqme, strom termondi rom gamxdariyo amerikis
prezidenti. prezidentobis am kandidatma ki 1948 wels Tavisi saarCevno kampania
rasistuli segregaciis propagandaze aago. blogerebis mier misi saj aro kritikis Semdeg
umravlesobis lideri loti iZulebuli gaxda postidan gadamdgariyo.
wignSi ,,socialuri media skolaSi“ sandro asaTiani ruseTSi momxdar kuriozul faqtze
wers, romlis Sesaxebac informacia blogebze gavrcelda: 2010 wlis 18 Tebervals ruseTis
prezidenti, dimitri medvedevi, qalaq omsks ewvia. prezidentis Casvlamde erTi dRiT adre
qalaqis meriis TanamSromleba Camoxsnes baneri, romelzec ewera: ,,geliT, mxiarulo
qondriskaco!“ plakats prezidentis stumrobasTan kavSiri ar hqonda. is mxolod sabavSvo
speqtaklis reklama iyo. rogorc blogerebi iuwyebodnen, baneris Camoxsnas imdenad
Cqarobdnen, rom is naj axebiT Camoxies. socialuri media gamoxatvis saukeTeso saSualebaa
im qveynebSi, sadac sityvis Tavisufleba izRudeba. Tanamedrove komunikaciuri saSualebebis
arsebobis pirobebSi avtoritarul mTavrobebs sul ufro da ufro uWirT, xeli SeuSalon
maTTvis arasasurveli informaciis rogorc qveynidan gadinebas, aseve qveyanaSi mis
Semodinebas. axali sainformacio teqnologiebi xels uwyobs mkafiod transnacionaluri
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Seqmnas da mobilizebas, rogorc es moxda 2003 wels, rodesac

34
sinqronulad, msoflio masStabiT masobrivi demonstraciebi Catarda erayis omis winaaRmdeg.
rogorc aRvniSneT, blogebi, vebze damyarebuli socialuri qselebi saSualebas iZleva,
niusebma im qveynebidan gamoJonos, sadac media mkacr kontrols eqvemdebareba. magaliTad,
2007 wels birmis revoluciis kadrebi mobiluri telefonebiT gadaiRes da Semdeg
internetiT gaavrceles. 2009 wlis zafxulSi saubrobdnen ,,tviteris“ revoluciaze: am
periodSi iranSi saprezidento arCevnebi prezident mahmud ahmadineJadis sasargeblod
gayalbda da aTasobiT iraneli quCaSi xmis uflebis dasacavad gamovida. masobrivi areuloba
sisxlian SetakebebSi gadaizarda.roca Jurnalistebs mimdinare movlenebis gaSuqeba
aukrZales, maSin moqalaqeebma informaciis gasavrceleblad socialuri qselebi "tviteri" da
"iuTubi" gamoiyenes. studentebi mobiluri telefonebiT iRebdnen, "iuTubze" tvirTavdnen da
ase uyvebodnen mTel msoflios iranSi ganviTarebul movlenebs. 2011 wlis dasawyisSi ki
xelisuflebis gadadgomis moTxovniT xalxi quCaSi tunissa da egvipteSi gamovida.
revolucia Sedga. antisaxelisuflebo gamosvlebis mobilizebaSi ,,tviterma“ da ,,iuTubma“
am qveynebSic didi roli Seasrula. magram, egvipteSi yvelaze metad ,,feisbuqs“ iyenebdnen.
Tavidan informacias policiis sisastikeze avrcelebdnen, Semdeg ki onlaingaerTianebebi
Seqmnes da amiT saprotesto aqciebis organizeba moaxerxes. SemdgomSi ganviTarebuli
movlenebi ,,feisbuqis revoluciad“ moinaTla. egviptis erTerTma moqalaqem, j amal
ibragimma, sakuTar qaliSvils saxelad ,,feisbuqi“ daarqva. es gadawyvetileba man imis gamo
miiRo, rom socialurma qselma egviptis revoluciaSi gansakuTrebuli wvlili Seitana.
informacia am faqtis Sesaxeb egvipturma gamocemebma gaavrceles. avtoritari mmarTvelebi
ufrTxian kibersivrces. internets ar aqvs erTi centri, saidanac mas daaregulireb an
gamorTav. zogierT saxelmwifoSi adgilobriv SezRudvebs aweseben. magaliTad, TurqeTSi
dablokilia ,,iuTubi“, amis mizezad ki saitze TurqeTis sulieri mamis, aTa Turqis,
Seuracxmyofeli videorgolebis atvirTva saxeldeba. uamravi vebgverdia dablokili iranSi.
aq yvela blogeri valdebulia Tavisi blogi kulturisa da xelovnebis saministroSi
daaregistriros. internetcenzura moqmedebs CineTSic, ifiltreba yvelaferi da
arasasurveli masalebi iSleba. aris blogerebis dapatimrebebis faqtebic. socialuri mediis
popularobas adasturebs erTi kvleva, romelic amerikulma marketinguli kvlevis kompania
Nielsen-ma 2010 wlis ivnisSi gamoaqveyna. kvlevis Tanaxmad, TveSi momxmareblebis mier
internetSi daxarj uli drois 22% socialuri iyo. vebis momxmareblebi yovel Tve
socialur saitebsa da blogebze 110 miliard wuTs atarebdnen. aseTi tipis vebgevrdebs
globaluri qselis momxmarebelTa sami meoTxedi stumrobda. garda amisa, 2010 wels

35
socialur qselebsa da blogebze adamianebi dReSi saSualod 6 saaTs atarebdnen, maSin, roca
2009 wels es cifri sams Seadgenda. rac Seexeba internetsa da socialur medias
saqarTveloSi: Cvens qveyanaSi internetis momxmarebelTa raodenobam 2009 wels 1,3 milions
miaRwia, ramac mTliani mosaxleobis 30,5 % Seadgina. marketinguli kvlevebisa da
konsultaciis kompania ,,eisiTis“ kvlevis Tanaxmad, 2010 wlis dekembris monacemebiT,
TbilisSi, quTaissa da baTumSi mosaxleobis naxevarze meti iyenebda internets. amave
kompaniis kidev erTi kvleva aCvenebs, rom 2009 wlis dasawyisSi internetis momxmarebelTa
mxolod 43% sargeblobda socialuri qselebiT, 2010 wlisTvis ki es maCvenebeli 68% -
mde gaizarda. 2011 wlis ivnisSi ,,kavkasiis kvleviTi resursebis centrma“ (CRRC)
gamoaqveyna Tbilissa da regionebSi mimdinare wlis aprilSi Catarebuli kvleva*
saxelwodebiT –“sazogadoebrivi azri qarTuli mediis Sesaxeb". kvlevis* mixedviT,
gamokiTxulTa 88% -isTvis mimdinare movlenebis Sesaxeb mTavari wyaro televiziaa,
Jurnal-gazeTebi gamokiTxulTa 2%-ma daasaxela, interneti ki 5%-ma. rogorc vxedavT,
internetma, rogorc informaciis mTavarma wyarom presas gadauwro. lexa-s monacemebiT,
saqarTveloSi yvelaze popularuli saiti ,,feisbuqia“. reitingSi meore da mesame adgils
ki ,,gugli“ da ,,iuTubi“ ikaveben. ,,feisbuqis“ statistikas saiti www.socialbakers.com-i
gvTavazobs. am vebgevrdis Tanaxmad, 2011 wlis ivlisisTvis saqarTveloSi ,,feisbuqis“
momxmarebelTa ricxvi 640 400-ia. qselis momxmareblebis 45 % mamakacia, 55 % ki qali.
2011 wlis 18 aprils amerikulma arasamTavrobo organizacia Freedom House-ma gamoaqveyna
angariSi: ,,Tavisufleba qselSi - 2011. internetisa da cifruli mediis Tavisuflebis
Sefaseba.“ internetis Tavisuflebis Sefasebis Skala 0-100 Sorisaa. dabali indeqsi met
Tavisuflebas aRniSnavs. am angariSis mixedviT, internetis Tavisuflebis mxriv saqarTvelo
35 quliT nawilobriv Tavisufali qveynebis rigSi moxvda. 2009 welTan SedarebiT
mdgomareoba 8 punqtiT gaumj obesda, radgan maSin es maCvenebeli 43 qulas Seadgenda.

--------------------------------
*,,eisiTis kvleva internetis Sesaxeb”. 2010.
www.act.ge/index.php?lang_id=GEO&sec_id=296&info_id=535
*,,eisiTis kvleva “socialuri qselebi”. 2010.
www.act.ge/index.php?lang_id=GEO&sec_id=296&info_id=476
dokumentis Tanaxmad, saqarTveloSi internetis moxmareba swrafad izreba. socialurma
qselebma, kerZod ki ,,feisbuqma“, gansakuTrebuli popularoba moipova bolo wlebSi da

36
„daCrdila“ axali ambebisa da sxva tipis veb gverdebi. Freedom House-is aRniSvniT,
qarTuli sazogadoebis liberalur segmentSi diskusiebisa da informaciis gacvlisaTvis
mniSvnelovani platforma ,,feisbuqia“. organizacia miiCnevs, rom xelisuflebis mxridan
cenzura ar warmoadgens saqarTveloSi internetTavisuflebis mTavar xelisSemSlel
faqtors. momxmareblebs saSualeba aqvT ewvion msoflios nebismier veb-gverds, atvirTon
da CamotvirTon nebismieri masala, ekontaqton sxva momxmareblebs forumebis, socialuri
qselebis meSveobiT. Freedom House - is TqmiT, informacia imdenad xelmisawvdomia, rom
Zalian bevri vebgverdi aralegalur masalas sTavazobs momxmarebels. esenia ,,piratuli“
programebi, musika, filmebi. xelisuflebas ki ar miuRia Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo zomebi am
problemis mosagvareblad. angariSSi naxsenebia qarTuli blogosferoc: ,,saqarTveloSi 100
aqtiuri blogeria, romelic qarTul enaze wers, Tumca blogosfero sustia.“ ( Kelly, and
Cook. 2011: 144). rac Seexeba socialuri mediisa da politikis urTierTmimarTebas: 2010
wels iyo SemTxveva, roca blogerebma politikur procesebSi monawileoba miiRes. 30 maiss
saqarTveloSi adgilobrivi TviTmarTvelobis arCevnebi gaimarTa. amasTan dakavSirebiT
omisa da mSvidobis gaSuqebis institutma aamoqmeda eqsperimentuli sainformacio blogi
www.geoelection.ge. blogis muSaobaSi tradiciuli mediis warmomadgenlebTan erTad
blogerebic CaerTvnen. isini erToblivad aSuqebdnen saarCevno process Tbilissa da
saqarTvelos regionebSi. saitze informacia sami dRis ganmavlobaSi ideboda, blogerebisa
da Jurnalistebis mier mopovebuli masalebi erTmaneTisgan iyo gamij nuli.
,,eqsperimentis mizania ara mxolod arCevnebisa da arCevnebis Semdgomi situaciis gaSuqeba,
aramed tradiciul da samoqalaqo Jurnalistikas Soris urTierTsasargeblo
TanamSromlobis dawyeba da gamocdilebis gaziareba.“ - aRniSnavdnen proeqtis avtorebi.*
rogorc ukve vTqviT, tradiciuli da socialuri mediis urTierTmimarTebis aspeqtebis
ukeT gamosavlenad vikvlieT erTi konkretuli faqti. kerZod, telekompania ,,imedis“
modelirebuli sainformacio gamoSvebis, ,,qronikis“, Sesaxeb informaciis gavrcelebis
Taviseburebebi beWdursa da socialur mediaSi. kvlevisas gamoyenebulia kontentanalizis
meTodi, romelic gulisxmobs teqstebis rogorc Sinaarsobrivi, ise raodenobrivi
mxareebis Seswavlas. kvlevisTvis SevarCieT socialuri qseli ,,feisbuqi“, Tbilisis
forumi - www.Forum.ge
da 31 qarTuli blogi. beWduri mediidan ki gazeTebis: ,,rezonansis“, ,,24 saaTisa“ da
,,kviris palitris“ erTi Tvis nomrebi. sakvlevi periodi moicavs 2010 wlis 14 martidan
14 aprilamde drois monakveTs. kvlevis mizani iyo, dagvedgina:

37
 1. ra informacia vrceldeboda rogorc beWdur, ise socialur mediaSi. iyo Tu ara iseTi
faqtebi, romlebic mxolod socialuri mediaSi aisaxa da piriqiT.
2. ra tipis gzavnilebs avrcelebdnen momxmareblebi socialuri mediiT (gzavnilebis
Sinaarsobrivi kategoriebis dadgena) da ra tipis publikaciebi qveyndeboda presaSi.
3. rogori iyo aqtivoba dReebis mixedviT orive sainformacio arxis SemTxvevaSi.
4. iyo Tu ara, azrTa pluralizmi rogorc socialur mediaSi, ise presaSi.
5. informaciis ra wyaroebs eyrdnobodnen socialursa da beWdur mediaSi.
formati ar gvaZlevs saSualebas detalurad ganvixiloT kvlevis Sedegebi da
warmovadginoT teqstebis raodenobrivi maCveneblebis grafikuli gamosaxulebebi. amitom,
movniSnavT ZiriTad monacemebs. 2010 wlis 13 marts saRamos rva saaTze telekompania
,,imedis“ eTerSi, gadacema ,,specialuri reportaJSi“, modelirebuli sainformacio gamoSveba
,,qronika“ gavida, romelSic damontaJebuli iyo bolo ori wlis ganmavlobaSi momxdar
movlenaTa kadrebi.* maTi eTerSi Cvenebis paralelurad ki wamyvani, laSa xaraziSvili,
acxadebda, rom okupirebuli axalgoris raionSi dislocirebulma ruseTis regularuli
armiis daj gufebam da satanko batalionma sruli samxedro mzadyofna gamoacxada. gadacemaSi
imitirebuli iyo 2010 wlis 7 ivnisis movlenebi. wamyvani iuwyeboda, rom arCevnebSi
damarcxebuli opozicia aj anyda, Seqmna saxalxo xelisufleba, romelmac ruseTTan kavSiri
daamyara. gadacemaSi iTqva, rom dilis 9 saaTze e.w. samxreT oseTis lideris, eduard
kokoiTis winaaRmdeg teraqti ganxorcielda. am qmedebaSi moskovma da qarTuli. opoziciis
nawilma saqarTvelos xelisufleba daadanaSaula. ruseTis prezidentma saqarTvelos
intervenciis gadawyvetileba miiRo da ruseTis j arebi Tbilisisken daiZra. saqarTvelos
SeiaraRebuli Zalebis erTi nawili saxalxo mTavrobis mxares gadavida, Tbilisis samxedro
komisariatma ki moxaliseebze iaraRis gacema daiwyo. imitirebuli gadacemis Tanaxmad,
prezidenti mixeil saakaSvili mokles.

---------------------------

* www.geoelection.ge/about
*gadacemis naxva SesaZlebelia am bmulze: www.myvideo.ge/?video_id=937446
modelirebuli sainformacio gamoSvebis dawyebamde ,,specialuri reportaJis“ wamyvanma,
naTia koberiZem ganacxada:

38
,,gvsurs SemogTavazoT, ,,imedis“ sainformacio gadacemis, ,,qronikis“, sagangebo,
modelirebuli gamoSveba. Cveni stumrebi da mayureblebi naxaven saqarTvelos SesaZlo
yvelaze mZime dRis sainformacio gamoSvebas im safrTxeebis gaTvaliswinebiT, razec
politikosebi da eqspertebi sistematiurad msj eloben. rogor SeiZleba ganviTardes
movlenebi, Tuki saqarTvelos sazogadoeba ar iqneba konsolidirebuli ruseTis gegmis
winaaRmdeg.“ (koberiZe. 13 marti, 2010: gadacema ,,specialuri reportaJi).
modelirebuli ,,qronika“ eTerSi naxevari saaTis ganmavlobaSi gadioda. mas raime niSani an
warwera ar erTvoda, romelic miuTiTebda gadacemis imitaciasa da saarqivo kadrebis
gamoyenebaze. gadacemis bolos koberiZem kidev erTxel ganacxada, rom movlenebi
simarTles ar Seesabameboda.
,,imedis” sagangebo gamoSvebam xalxSi panika gamoiwvia. moqalaqeebi aRniSnul faqts pirvelad
socialur qselebSi gamoexmaurnen da telekompaniis qmedeba dagmes. aqve daigegma
saprotesto aqciis Catareba ,,imedTan”. 13 marts gadacemis dasrulebis Semdeg
telekompaniis win aqcia gaimarTa. ,,feisbuqSi” moqalaqeebma protestis niSnad j gufebi
Seqmnes. maTgan Cveni kvlevisTvis xuTi yvelaze mravalricxovani gverdi SevarCieT.
esenia:
1. ,,mezizReba imedi! viTxovT bodiSs!“ (4 978 wevri)
2. ,,Zirs ,,imedis“ ,,Jurnalistebi!“ (4 096 wevri)
3. ,,telekompania ,,imedis“ dedac . . .“ (1 819 wevri)
4. ,,moixsnas Tanamdebobidan ,,imedis“ omis imitaciis siuJetze pasuxismgebeli.“ (1 574
wevri)
5. ,,saprotesto aqcia ,,imedis“ winaaRmdeg.“ (1 629 wevri)
aRsaniSnavia, rom socialur qselSi am faqtTan dakavSirebiT gverdebis Seqmna gadacemis
msvlelobis paralelurad daiwyo. Sinaarsis mxriv momxmarebelTa gzavnilebi Semdeg
kategoriebSi movaqcieT:
faqtis subieqturi Sefasebebisa da emociebis gamoxatva: ,,feisbuqze“ adamianebi Riad
gamoxatavdnen sakuTar Sefasebebs momxdarTan dakavSirebiT, saubrobdnen im emociebze,
romelic gadacemis msvlelobisas hqondaT. werdnen, rom miiRes Soki, gaaxsendaT 2008
wlis agvisto. xSiri iyo ucenzuro leqsikis gamoyeneba. Sefasebebi ki, ZiriTadad, aseTi
keTdeboda: gadacema sainformacio terors emsaxureba, telekompaniis Jurnalistebi
araprofesionalebi, avadmyofebi, upasuxismgebloebi, giJebi arian. erTerTi momxmarebeli
werda, rom ocnebobda, daerbiaT es televizia. ,,imedis“ mimarT loialuri Sinaarsis

39
mqone Sefasebebic gakeTda. am tipis gzavnilebis avtorebi gadacemas dadebiTad
afasebdnen, Tvlidnen, rom imitirebulma ,,qronikam“ moqalaqeebs safrTxeebi ukeT daanaxa.
SefasebaTa 95% ,,imedis“ sawinaaRmdegod iyo mimarTuli, 5% ki ,,imedis“ mimarT
loialur damokidebulebas gamoxatavda. TemasTan dakavSirebuli axali ambebis gavrceleba:
momxmareblebi socialuri qselis meSveobiT avrcelebdnen axal faqtebs TemasTan
dakavSirebiT. zog SemTxvevaSi es iyo TviTmxilvelTa mier aRwerili, an maTi nacnobebis
mier gadacemuli ambebi. magaliTad, momxmareblebi werdnen, rom benzingasamarT sadgurebze
rigebi iyo da benzinis Casxma gauWirdaT, xedavdnen, rogor ixureboda maRaziis Jaluzebi,
xalxs telefonebi eWira xelSi da garboda, qaosi iyo quCebSi, Seiqmna sacobebi, xalxi
tiroda, saqarTvelos zogierT regionSi, kerZod, kaxeTSi Caqra Suqi da xalxi panikaSi iyo.
momxmareblebi ,,feisbuqSi“ aTavsebdnen sxvadasxva sainformacio saagentos bmulebs sadac
momxdar faqtTan dakavSirebiT axali informacia ideboda.
mowodebebis gavrceleba: socialuri qseli momxmareblebma mowodebebis gasavrceleblad
gamoiyenes. gaavrceles informacia ,,imedTan“ dagegmili aqciis Sesaxeb: ,,21:30 saaTidan
dRes vikribebiT ,,imedis“ ofisTan. gadaeciT sxvebsac, visac guli etkina, movides!
gTxovT gaavrceloT“ - aseTi iyo gzavnilis teqsti. aqtiurad vrceldeboda cnoba,
meore dRes, 14 marts dagegmili aqciis Sesaxebac. momxmareblebi werdnen, rom telekompaniis
winaaRmdeg sasamarTloSi sarCeli unda SeetanaT. zogierTi moqalaqe ,,imedis“
Jurnalistebs mouwodebda, gamoeTqvaT protesti gadacemis eTerSi gasvlis gamo. varaudebis
gavrceleba: ,,feisbuqSi“ vrceldeboda sxvadasxva varaudi da mosazreba modelirebul
,,qronikasTan“ dakavSirebiT. ZiriTadi Semdegi mosazrebebi iyo:
1. imitirebuli gadacemis ukan xelisufleba dgas.
2. gadacema opoziciis diskreditaciis mizniT momzadda.
3. xelisufleba maisSi dagegmili adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebis gayalbebas
gegmavs da xalxis daSineba unda, raTa xalxmravali mitingebi Tavidan aicilos.
4. arxi Zvel mflobelebs ubrundeba da surT telekompanias reitingi daugdon.
sxva Sinaarsis gzavnilebis gavrceleba: am kategoriaSi movaqcieT is kiTxvebi, romlebsac
erTmaneTs usvamdnen momxmareblebi. mag: ,,sad vnaxo gadacema?“, ,,ra moxda? zustad rom
miTxraT . . .“, da msgavsi Sinaarsis mqone Canawerebi. ,,feisbuqSi“ gavrcelebuli
Canawerebis umravlesoba momxmarebelTa emociebsa da gadacemasTan dakavSirebul Sefasebebs
asaxavda. gzavnilTa Sinaarsobrivi kategoriebis procentuli gadanawileba aseTia: Sefaseba
- 67 %; axali ambebi -19, 1 %; mowodeba - 4,7 %; varaudi - 3,5 %; sxva - 5,7 %.

40
yvelaze meti Canaweri TemasTan dakavSirebiT 13 da 14 marts gavrcelda. 13-Si maTi ricxvi
967 iyo, 14-Si ki 334. momdevno dRebSi aqtivobam iklo. Cven mier ganxiluli xuTi
gverdis wevri j amSi 14 096 adamiani gaxda. gavrcelda 1 427 Wall Post -i da 2
963 komentari. qselSi ganTavsda 168 bmuli da 29 suraTi. suraTebis umravlesobaze
asaxuli iyo telekompania ,,imedis“ gadaxazuli logo. ,,feisbuqSi“ ,,imedis“ momxreTa
erTi j gufic Seiqmna, saxelwodebiT ,,davicvaT ,,imedi“, sadac pirveli posti 15 martiT
TariRdeba. aq mxolod 70 adamiani gaerTianda. daiwera 11 Wall Post-i (aqedan 8 ,,imedis“
mimarT loialuri Sinaarsis mqone) da 58 komentari. am gverdze werdnen, rom realuri iyo
movlenaTa msgavsi saxiT ganviTareba da amis Cveneba-analizi gakicxvas ar imsaxurebda.
imitirebuli gadacemis mimdinareobisas aqtiuroba daiwyo Tbilisis forumzec. Cven
ganvixilavT www.Forum.ge-ze gaxsnil erTerT Temas - ,,aqcia imedis winaaRmdeg! daixuros
samudamod!”, sadac sul daiwera: 955 posti, aqedan 2010 wlis martSi -952, aprilSi-2,
maisSi ki -1. momxmareblebi aRniSnavdnen, rom forumze maRali aqtiuroba SeimCneoda da
amis dasamowmeblad avrcelebdnen forumis gverdze* dafiqsirebul monacemebs vebgverdis
vizitorebis Sesaxeb. mag: 13 martis, 22:05-is monacemebiT, saitze bolo 15 wuTis
ganmavlobaSi 2603 momxmarebeli Sevida. aqedan daregistrirebuli 1598 iyo, xolo
dauregistrirebeli 1005. www.Forum.ge-zec, ,,feisbuqis“ msgavsad, moqalaqeebi werdnen
sakuTar emociebze, akeTebdnen Sefasebebs momxdar faqtTan dakavSirebiT, avrcelebdnen axal
ambebs, gamoTqvamdnen varaudebs. forumzec Sefasebebis gamomxatveli gzavnilebi Warbobda:
Sefaseba- 54,3 %; axali ambebi -11,2 %; mowodeba - 3,3 %; varaudi -7,2 %; sxva -24 %.
aq gakeTebuli Sefasebebis 97 % ,,imedis“ sawinaaRmdegod iyo mimarTuli, 3 % ki
,,imedis“ mimarT loialur damokidebulebas gamoxatavda. blogebze yvelaze meti posti
aRniSnul Temaze 13 da 14 marts ganaTavses, sul daiwera 343 komentari. 31 blogze
arsebuli 32 postidan ,,imedis“ mimarT loialuri damokidebulebis gamomxatavi mxolod 2
Canaweri iyo, danarCen SemTxvevebSi blogerebi telekompaniis mimarT kritikulad iyvnen
ganwyobilni.

-----------------------
*e.w. ,,Board Statistics”

41
Cven mier SerCeuli 3 perioduli gamocemidan aRniSnul Temas erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi
(14.03.10 -14.04.10) yvelaze meti publikacia ,,rezonansma“ miuZRvana. gazeTma 70 statia
dabeWda. ,,kviris palitris“ SemTxvevaSi es maCvenebeli 38-ia, xolo ,,24 saaTis“
SemTxvevaSi - 20. am erTi konkretuli SemTxvevis kvlevam tradiciuli da socialuri
mediis urTierTmimarTebis aspeqtebi naTlad gamokveTa. pirvel yovlisa, aRsaniSnavia, rom
informaciis gavrcelebis orive arxma erTmaneTis resursebi gamoiyena. kerZod, socialur
mediaSi vrceldeboda tradiciuli mediis masalebi da piriqiT. magaliTad: ,,feisbuqSi“ 13
martis saRamos avrcelebdnen telekompania ,,maestros“ siuJetebs, romelebic ,,imedTan“
saprotesto aqciis mimdinareobas asaxavda. Tavis mxriv, tradiciulma mediamac gamoiyena
socialur mediaSi gavrcelebuli informacia: es iyo ,,imedis“ generaluri direqtoris,
giorgi arvelaZis komentari momxdar faqtTan dakavSirebiT. Tavisi mosazreba man pirvelad,
swored, socialur mediaSi, ,,feisbuqSi“ daafiqsira. Semdeg ki es komentari ,,rezonansma“ da
,,kviris palitram“ dabeWda. msgavsi kidev ori SemTxveva dafiqsirda: 2010 wlis 15 marts
,,radio Tavisuflebis“ vebgverdze Jurnalist ia anTaZis blogs fsiqologi zurab mxeiZe
stumrobda. mas ,,radio Tavisuflebis“ eTerSi“ Jurnalistma momxmareblebis mier blogz e
ganTavsebuli SekiTxvebi dausva. 21 marts ki es masala gazeTma ,,rezonansma“ dabeWda.
,,kviris palitram“ _ 11-Si modelirebuli ,,qronikis“ Sesaxeb Jurnalist oleg panfilovis
,,feisbuqSi“ dawerili komentari gaavrcela. gazeTs miTiTebuli hqonda, rom masala
socialuri qselidan iyo aRebuli. operatiulobis mxriv socialurma mediam tradiciuli,
beWduri media daj abna. socialur mediaSi informacia gadacemasTan dakavSirebuli faqtebis
Sesaxeb myisierad vrceldeboda. presaSi ki igive informacia (ZiriTadad es exeba
sainformacio saagentoebis niusebs) 2 dRis Semdeg gamoCnda. Tumca, isic
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom komunikaciuri Taviseburebebis gamo beWdur medias ara mxolod
socialuri media, aramed translaciuri saSualebebi: televizia da radioc j obnis.
operatiulobis aspeqtidan gamomdinare, socialur mediaSi aqtivobis piki 13 da 14 marts
dafiqsirda, beWdur mediaSi ki 15, 16 da 17 marts. gamonaklisia ,,kviris palitra“, radgan
is yovelkvireuli gamocemaa da aq didi aqtivoba 22-28 martis _12-Sic iyo. Teoriul
wanamZRvrebSi iTqva, rom socialuri media maqsimalurad bevri adamianis gamoxatvis
Tavisuflebas uzrunvelyofs, tradiciul mediaSi ki avtoritetebis mosazrebebi dominirebs.
Cven mier ganxilul sam gamocemaSi farTo sazogadoebisTvis ucnob 19 moqalaqes mieca
azris gamoTqmis saSualeba. socialur mediaSi ki azri daafiqsira yvelam, visac amis
survili hqonda. marto ,,feisbuqSi“ Seqmnil gverdebs j amSi 14 096 adamiani SeuerTda.

42
garda amisa, aq moqalaqeebi Tavad avrcelebdnen informacias. 13 martis saRamos socialuri
media, aRmoCnda informaciis miRebisa da gavrcelebis erTerTi mTavari (Tu umTavresi ara)
saSualeba. socialur mediaSi iyo mosazrebaTa pluralizmi. aq zogierTebi inscenirebuli
gadacemis dadebiT mxareebze saubrobdnen. presaSi ki, ZiriTadad, erTi azri dominirebda. aq
modelirebuli ,,qronika“ yvelam uaryofiTad Seafasa. mxolod ,,24 saaTSi“ gamoCnda
gansxvavebuli midgoma: politolog gia nodias TqmiT, gadacemis mTavri Secdoma is iyo,
rom mas mayureblisTvis cxadi axsna ar axlda: ,,es iyo uxeSi Secdoma, romelsac
mosaxleobis samarTliani reaqcia mohyva. am gadacemis avtorebs kargad unda gaeazrebinaT
Sedegebi. Tumca, Tu ar CavTvliT am uxeS Secdomas, TavisTavad saintereso eqsperimenti
iyo.“ (,,24 saaTi“ . 15 marti. 2010: A2).
rac Seexeba Tematur sxvaobas, presaSi iyo informacia, romelic ar asaxula socialur
mediaSi: modelirebuli gadacemis msvlelobisas Seqmnili mdgomareoba okupirebuli
raionebis mimdebare dasaxlebebSi. ,,kviris palitra“ karaleTs estumra, ,,rezonansma“ ki
axalgoris soflebSi arsebuli viTareba aRwera. Tavis mxriv socialur mediaSic iyo, iseTi
informacia, rasac presaSi ver wavawydiT: ,,feisbuqSi“ daiwera, rom 13 martis saRamos
radio ,,imedmac“ gadasca omis dawyebis ambavi. vfiqrobT, am faqtisTvis yuradReba unda
mieqcia presas, ecada, daedgina ratom iuwyeboda radioc omis dawyebas - raime saxis
teqnikuri wuni gaeparaT, Tu Tavad radios Jurnalistebmac daij eres, rom ruseTma
saqarTvelos intervenciis gadawyvetileba miiRo. blogerebma aRweres, erT konkretul
adgilas, rusTavelis TeatrSi speqtaklis mimdinareobisas Seqmnili situacia: rogor
icleboda darbazi da rogor Sewyda warmodgena. socialur mediaSi gaavrceles giorgi
arvelaZis moadgilis, eka wamalaSvilisa, da ,,imedis“ yofili mflobelis badri
patarkaciSvilis dis, nana patarkaciSvilis komentarebi. am pirTa pozicia beWdur mediaSi
ar dafiqsirebula. iseve rogorc socialur mediaSi ar asaxula im politikosebis,
sociologebis, politologebis, fsiqologebisa Tu Jurnalistebis komentarebi, romlebic
presaSi gamoqveynda.
kvlevis Sedegebma aCvena, rom socialur mediaSi Canawerebis umetesoba momxmarebelTa
subieqturi Sefasebebis gamomxatveli iyo. mag: ,,feisbuqSi“ gzavnilTa 67% Sefasebebs
asaxavda, axal ambebs ki 19,1%. Tbilisis forumze gzavnilTa 54,3% Sefasebebi iyo, axali
ambebi ki 11,2%. am mxriv gansxvavebuli maCvenebeli dafiqsirda presaSi. Cven mier ganxilul
sam periodul gamocemaSi erTi Tvis manZilze modelirebuli ,,qronikis“ Temas j amSi 128
publikacia mieZRvna. aqedan 53,1% axali ambebi iyo, 46, 9% ki Sefaseba/analizi. rogorc

43
vxedavT, am ori kategoriis procentul maCveneblebs Soris presaSi iseTi didi sxvaoba
araa, rogoric es socialuri mediis SemTxvevaSia.
masobrivi komunikaciis zogierTi Teoria, magaliTad mediis funqcionalisturi Teoria,
mediis erTerT funqciad mobilizebas, igive organizaciul funqcias asaxelebs, rac
gulisxmobs socialuri miznebis Sesabamisad, sxvadasxva sferoSi garkveuli tipis kampaniis
organizebas. am SemTxvevaSi, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom es funqcia socialurma mediamac
SeiTavsa, radgan imitirebuli gadacemis gasvlis saRamos ,,imedis“ win saprotesto aqcia aq
daigegma.
aRniSnaven, rom socialur mediaSi informacias subieqturi damokidebulebebiT avrceleben.
blogerebi postebis werisas Riad afiqsireben TavianT Sefasebebs da es ganasxvavebs maT
Jurnalistebisagan. aseve socialur mediaSi informacia xSir SemTxvevaSi gadaumowmebelia.
amgvari ram tradiciul mediasac axasiaTebs. kiTxvis niSnebi maT namuSevrebTan mimarTebaSic
Cndeba. presaSi Segvxda SemTxvevebi, roca Jurnalistebi afiqsirebdnen TavianT mosazrebebs,
varaudebs da es ar iyo saavtoro svetebSi an statiebSi.
rac Seexeba informaciis wyaroebs: socialur mediaSi momxmareblebi Tavad iyvnen
informaciis wyaroebi, agreTve isini avrcelebdnen sainformacio saagentoebis masalebs.
beWduri media daeyrdno rogorc sakuTar informacias, ise socialuri mediisa da
sainformacio saagentoebis masalebs. iyo anonimuri wyaroebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebic.
Sej amebis saxiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom tradiciul mediasaSualebebs, marTlac, Zlieri
konkurenti gamouCnda socialuri mediis saxiT. es sivrce saocrad demokratiulia: aq,
faqtobriavd, yvelas SeuZlia gaavrcelos informacia da misTvis saintereso sakiTxebze
azri gamoTqvas. socialuri media tradiciul medias monopolias arTmevs informaciis
mopoveba-gavrcelebaze. yovelTvis, roca horizontze axali mediasaSualeba Cndeboda,
iwyeboda saubari imaze, rom axali media Zvels bolos mouRebda. mag: roca radio gamoCnda,
gazeTebis aRsasruls winaswarmetyvelebdnen, xolo roca televizia Seiqmna, radios
gaqrobaze alaparakdnen. Tumca, es varaudebi ar gamarTlebula. masobrivi informaciis
TiTeul saSualebas Tavisi specifika, unikaluri maxasiaTeblebi aqvs da amiT inarCunebs
kidec sicocxlisunarianobas.
kritikosTa erTi nawili miiCnevs, rom kompiutersa da televizors Soris gaafTrebuli
omia gaCaRebuli da aravin icis is riT dasruldeba. zogi Tvlis, rom am omSi orive
gamarj vebuli aRmoCndeba da Tavis kuTvnil adgils daikavebs. (deflori, da denisi
2009).

44
mniSvnelovania tradiciulma mediam j erovnad Seafasos socialuri mediis Zala da misi
SesaZleblobebi Tavadac gamoiyenos. dRes bevri mediasaSualeba cdilobs Tavis
auditorias, swored, socialuri mediiT ekontaqtos. aris SemTxvevebi, roca socialuri
media tradiciuli mediisTvis informaciis wyaro xdeba: aq gavrcelebuli ambebi
SemdgomSi tradiciuli mediasaSualebebis yuradRebis centrSi eqceva xolme. bloger
eriena hafingtonis sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, tradiciulma mediam unda gaacnobieros:
interneti misi mteri ar aris da sinamdvileSi, swored is gadaarCens mas, Tu am sivrcis
aTvisebas bolomde SeZlebs.

damowmebani:
1. asaTiani, sandro. socialuri media skolaSi. gamomcemloba ,,sandros wignebi“. 2011.
2. altermani, erik. aRar ibeWdeba/amerikuli gazeTis sicocxle da aRsasruli. 2008:
Alterman, eric. OUT OF PRINT/ The death and life of the American newspaper. 2008.
www.shokoladi.ge/node/3646
3. giorgi arvelaZem sakuTari komentari facebook-is meSveobiT gaavrcela. 2010.
www.ambebi.ge/masmedia/17824--facebook-.html
4. deflori, melvin da denisi, everet. masobrivi komunikaciis gaazrebisTvis. Tbilisi:
saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv saqmeTa instituti, 2009.
Defleur, Lawrence, Melvin, and Everette, E, Dennis. Understanding mass communication. Houghton
Mifflin, 1998.
5. eko, umberto. internetidan gutenbergamde. 1996.
Eco, Umberto. From Internet to Gutenberg. 1996. www.lib.ge/body_text.php?326
6. Tbilisis merma mosaxleobis SekiTxvebs upasuxa. 2011.
www.rustavi2.com/news/includesG/get_news_photos.php?id_news=41958&ct=0
7. internetiT sargebloba. ,,eisiTis” kvleva. 2010.
www.act.ge/index.php?lang_id=GEO&sec_id=296&info_id=535
8. SamiliSvili, manana. „qarTuli masmediis SedarebiTi analizisaTvis totalitaruli
reJimidan demokratiaze gadasvlis pirobebSi.“ saerTaSoriso konferenciis masalebSi
,,totalitarizmi da literaturuli diskursi.“ me-20 saukunis gamocdileba. Tbilisi:
literaturis institutis gamomcemloba. 2010.
9. cercvaZe, irina. feisbuqs 500 milioni momxmarebeli hyavs. 2010
www.voanews.com/georgian/news/washington-today/-----------------------------------99172294.html

45
 perioduli gamocemebi:
10. gazeTi ,,kviris palitra.“ _11-dan _15 -is CaTvliT. 2010.
11. gazeTi ,,rezonansi.“ _065-dan _094-is CaTvliT. 2010.
12. gazeTi ,,24 saaTi.“ _52-dan _74-is CaTvliT. 2010.
13. ,,giorgi arvelaZe Tavs imarTlebs.“ gazeTi ,,kviris palitra.“ 15 - 21marti. N11. 2010.
14. ,,imedis” daxurva an arvelaZis wasvla. /uimedod darCenili ,,imedis“ savaraudo ,,momavlis
qronika.“ gazeTi ,,rezonansi.“ 15 marti. N66. 2010.
15. ,,internetis galaqtika“. Jurnali ,,liberali“. 12-18 ivlisi. _39. 2010.
16. interneti da Tavisufleba. saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis perioduli gamocema ,,
solidaroba“. _ 5 (32)’ 09. 2009.
17. ,,prezidenti aRSfoTda, Tumca . . . “ gazeTi ,,kviris palitra.“ 15 - 21 marti.11.2010.
18. ,,saqarTveloSi ,,TviTeris“ revolucia j er Sorsaa.“ Jurnali ,,liberali“. 25 noemberi-8
dekemberi. _ 13. 2009.
19. ,,qulanaxevari opoziciis politikur yulabaSi.” gazeTi ,,24 saaTi.“ 15 marti. N52 .
2010.
20. Bilton, Nick. 22 Percent of Internet Time Is Social, Nielsen Says. Web. 16 june 2010.
www.bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/06/16/22-percent-of-internet-time-is-social-nielsen-says/
21. Boyd, Danah. M; Ellison, Nicole. B. Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship.
Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. Volume 13, Issue 1.
2008. Web. 17 december 2007.
www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x/pdf
22. Doyle, Alison. Linkedin professional networking site. Web.
www.jobsearch.about.com/od/linkedin/qt/linkedin.htm
23. Facebook gains 80 million new accounts in the first quarter of 2011! Web.
www.socialbakers.com/blog/143-facebook-gains-80-million-new-accounts-in-the-first-quarter-of2011/

24. Georgia Facebook Statistics.

www.socialbakers.com/facebook-statistics/georgia
25. Grossman, Lev. Person of the Year 2010 Mark Zuckerberg. Web . 15 December 2010.
www.time.com/time/specials/packages/0,28757,2036683,00.html
26. Haerpfer, Christian…and Welzel, Christian. Democratization. Oxford University Press. 2009.
27. History of YouTube. Web. 25 March 2010.
www.bighistory.net/history-of-youtube/

46
28. Kaplan, David. CNN: Facebook and not Fox News is our biggest competitor. Web. 10 March 2010.
www.guardian.co.uk/media/pda/2010/mar/10/digital-media-television
29. Kelly,Sanja, and Cook, Sarah. Freedom on the net 2011 / A Global Assessment of Interten and
Digital Media. Freedom House. 2011.
30. Mayfield, Antony. What is social media? icrossing.co.uk/ebooks. Web. 2008.
www.icrossing.co.uk/fileadmin/uploads/eBooks/What_is_Social_Media_iCrossing_ebook.pdf
31. Mix, Kristen.L. Discovery of Social Media. 23 september 2010.
www.facultyfederaladvocates.org/downloads/1009_mix_socialmedia.pdf
32. Philips, Sarah. A brief history of Facebook. Web. 25 july 2007.
www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2007/jul/25/media.newmedia
33. To Celebrate Revolution, Egyptian Names Baby ,,Facebook“. Web. 2011.
www.foxnews.com/scitech/2011/02/21/celebrate-revolution-egyptian-names-baby-girl- facebook/
34. Twitter, a five-year-old changing the world. Web. 2011.
www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/twitter-a-fiveyearold-changing-the-
world2247197.html
35. Nations, Daniel. What is Flickr?
www.webtrends.about.com/od/profile1/fr/what-is-Flickr.htm
36. YouTube Facts & Figures (history and statistics). Web. 17 May 2010.
www.website-monitoring.com/blog/2010/05/17/youtube-facts-and-figures-history-statistics/
bmulebi:
37. www.Alexa.com
38. www.Facebook.com/press/info.php?statistics
39. www. Flickr.com
40. www.Geoelection.ge/about
41. www.Notify.ge
42. www.Press.linkedin.com/about/
43. www.Press.linkedin.com/history
44. www.Socialbakers.com/facebook-statistics/georgia/last-3-months#chart-intervals
45. www.Tweet.ge

47
 სარჩევი
1. mariam giorgaSvili
agvistos omis diskursi zaza burWulaZis „adibasSi“ ..................................................................................2

2. Tea TalakvaZe
multiperspeqtiuloba, rogorc sabWoTa da (post) sabWoTa narativis warmoCenis
saSualeba.................................................................................................................................................................................7

3. arCil werediani
sabWoTa absurdi..............................................................................................................................................................14

4. gubaz leTodiani
qarTuli verlibris ritmi.......................................................................................................................................26

5. Tamar SeyilaZe
socialuri da tradiciuli mediis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxisTvis..................................................31

48