ღვთისმშობელი ქართველ ჰიმნოგრაფთა სახეობრივ PDF

avtoris stili daculia
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti
humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti

qarTuli literaturis mimarTuleba
T a m T a g r i g o l i a
RvTismSobeli qarTvel himnografTa saxeobriv

metyvelebaSi
iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universitetis filologiis
doqtoris (PH.D.) akademiuri xarisxis
mosapoveblad wardgenili
d i s e r t a c i a
samecniero xelmZRvaneli: elguja xinTibiZe,

filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori,
profesori
Tbilisi 2012 weli

Sinaarsi
Sesavali 3
I nawili
1. himnografia da simboluri saxismetyveleba (zogadi mimoxilva) 10
2. RvTismSoblis Tema 21
II nawili
1. RvTismSoblis maradqalwulobis aRmniSvneli saxe-simboloebi 26

(qalwuli, sZali, dedofali/qalbatoni, saflavi, ahronis kverTxi, daÃSuli bWe, dakrZaluli
taZari, dauTesveli queyana, sawmisi, sami yrma, iona winaswarmetyveli...)
2. RvTismSobeli _ macxovris damtevneli `WurWeli~ 45

(ca, beTlemi, mTa, sioni, kidobani, etli, oqros sasanTle, oqros sasakmevle, oqros takuki, table,
taZari, saydari, karavi)
3. RvTismSoblis simbolika mcenareTa da frinvelTa saxismetyvelebis

mixedviT 70
(xe cxovrebisa, venaxi/vazi, morCi, yvavili, vardi, SroSani, alva, Seuwveli mayvali, mtili,
maRnari, mtredi)
4. RvTismSoblis simbolika ferTa da Zvirfas TvalTa saxismetyvelebis

mixedviT 92
(naTlisferi, oqrosferi, iakinTe da Zoweuli, margaliti...)
5. RvTismSoblis astraluri saxe-simboloebi 103

(naTeli, mze, mTvare, varskvlavi)
6. macxovrisa da RvTismSoblis saerTo saxe-simboloebi 116

(kibe, sanTeli, klde, Rrubeli, wyaro...)
7. RvTismSoblis madidebeli sxva saxe-simboloebi 129

(qerubimTa uzeSTaesi, samoTxe, evas codvis gamomsyidveli/adamis wyevis damxsneli, kacTa
cxovrebis mizezi, deda/mSobeli, orbunebaTa mSobeli, naTlis sveti...)
III nawili
jvarcmis RvTismSobliseuli aRqma (glova da sixaruli) 146
daskvna 165
gamoyenebuli literatura 169

2
Sesavali
qarTuli saeklesio poezia orgvaria: liturgikuli da samoZRvro-moT-

xrobiTi, pirveli Seicavs liturgikul, saRvTismsaxuro miznebiT Seqmnil
nawarmoebebs, saeklesio himnografias, xolo meore _ iseT nawarmoebebs,
romlebic RvTismsaxurebaSi gamosayeneblad ar arian gankuTvnili da gamo-
xataven sarwmunoebriv-zneobriv azrebs, avtoris grZnobebs, sulier gan-
cdebs, anda agviweren romelime istoriul movlenasa da faqts (80, 587).
himnografia sinkretuli dargia. is Tavis TavSi moicavs rogorc Teolo-
giur, aseve esTetikur da musikalur aspeqtebsac, radganac misi saRmrTo
daniSnuleba galobiT Sesrulebaa.
himnografia ar SeiZleba aRviqvaT, rogorc erTi ganyenebuli dargi. mas
himnografebi `didebismetyvelebas~ SemTxveviT rodi uwodebdnen, radganac
sagalobelTa daniSnuleba upirvelesad adamianTa RvTivganbrZnobaa, rac
uflis, yovladwmida RvTismSoblisa Tu wmidanebis didebiT gamoixateboda.
Tumca es ar iyo mxolod dideba, radgan sagalobelSi Sezavebuli
mxatvruli azrovneba da Teologia, saRvTo sibrZne esTetikuri gancdiTaa
gamoxatuli.
himnografiaSi adamianis, wmindanis saxe saRvTo saxelebiTaa Semkuli,
xolo es saxelebi, saRvTismetyvelo literaturidan mxatvrulSi gadatanis
gamo, aRiqmebian Rrmaazrovan simboloebad, saxismetyvelebiT xatebad.
simboluri azrovneba kacobriobis arsebobis uZveles xanas ukavSirdeba.
saukuneebis manZilze igi gansazRvravda sxvadasxva epoqis xalxTa msoflmxe-
dvelobas. simbolur azrovnebas qristianobamac farTod gauRo kari, radga-
nac igi saRvTo saidumloebaTa gadmocemis erT-erT saukeTeso saSualebad
miiCnia.
saTqmelis simbolurad gamoxatvis xerxs gamokveTilad mimarTa wmida we-
rilma _ Zvelma da axalma aRTqmam. es ori epoqa ar arsebobs erTmaneTis ga-
reSe, radganac Zveli winasaxea axlisa. Sesabamisad, axali aRTqmis mravali
movlena winaswar gacxadda Zvel aRTqmaSi, anu Zveli aRTqma warmoadgens
axali aRTqmis pirebisa da movlenebis winasaxes. TviT macxovari igavebiT
esaubreba ers. Tavis epistoleebSi mociquli pavle ZvelaRTqmiseul movle-
3
nebs simbolurad ukavSirebs xolme axal aRTqmas (gal. 4; 22-26; 1 kor. 9; 9-10
da sxv.).
bibliis simboluri ena imTaviTve iqca sasuliero samwerlobo enis safu-
Zvlad. wmida werilze amozrdilma sasuliero poeziam saRvTo movlenaTa
xotba-Sesxma, wmida werilis kvalobaze, hipodigmur-paradigmuli struqtur-
iT ganaxorciela.
yoveli qristianis daniSnulebaa ganRmrToba _ ìyveniT Tquen srul, vi-
Tarca mamaÁ Tqueni zecaTaÁ srul ars~ (maT. 5, 48), rac iTvaliswinebs zneob-
riv srulyofasa da gamudmebiT swrafvas RvTisadmi, es ki moiTxovs saRvTo
cnobierebas. liturgiaSi monawile adamianisaTvis sulieri amaRleba swored
zedroulobiT ganicdeba da is simbolurad masSi monawilec xdeba, radgan
`saRvTo liturgia Tavad aris udidesi simboluri qmedeba. saeklesio mamebi
(areopagitika, wm. maqsime aRmsarebeli, nikoloz kavasila) liturgias er-
Txmad uwodeben ara mxolod saidumlos, aramed `saidumloTmcodneobas~,
mistagogias. is ara mxolod gawmends Cvens RvTaebriv cxovrebas da RvTisad-
mi Cvens msxverplSewirvas warmoadgens, aramed, amasTanave, gvaswavlis RvTis
sityvas, gangvicxadebs dafaruls~ (16, 315). amaSi ki umTavres rols Semec-
nebiTi funqciis matarebeli sagaloblebi asrulebs.
qristianobamde da qristianobis damkvidrebis Semdegac himnografia
RvTis sadidebel galobad miiCneoda. termini `himni~ qarTul sasuliero poe-
ziaSi ar gvxvdeba. RvTisadmi miZRvnil sagalobels qeba, Sesxma, galobani
ewodeba (53, 66-67).
sagalobeli miemarTeba macxovars, sauflo dResaswaulebs, yovladwminda
RvTismSobelsa da wmindanebs. amdenad, misi Tematika SemosazRvrulia, magram
ara erTferovnad gamoxatuli, radgan TiToeuli RvTivgabrZnobili himnogra-
fi simbolurobiTa Tu saxeTa paralelizmebiT dafarul sibrZnesac gangvi-
cxadebda da mSvenierebasac mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebeli individualu-
robiT gvaziarebda.
himnografs SeuZlia nebismieri hipodigmuri Tu paradigmuli monacemis
gamoyenebiT SearCios simbolo-alegoria, mxatvruli xerxi, asociacia da sa-
xeTa paralelizmi, raTa sakuTari ganwyoba, emocia miitanos msmenelamde.
4
Tumca, am simboloebis miRma uzarmazari informacia ganiWvriteba, romelic
liturgikuli cnobierebis mqone Semoqmedsa da aRmqmels moiTxovs.
RvTismSoblis saxe-simboloebis gaazreba SeuZlebelia Zveli aRTqmis
movlenebis gauTvaliswineblad, radgan Zveli aRTqma iyo molodini qristesi
da Tavisi simbolo-alegoriebiT mianiSnebda axal aRTqmaze, is iyo winasaxe
axali epoqis movlenebisa da pirovnebebisa.
himnografiis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi qristianuli religiis gavrcele-
bas ukavSirdeba. ganviTarebis zenits qarTulma himnografiam X saukuneSi
miaRwia. am periodSi èrTmaneTs cvlian qarTvel himnografTa Taobebi, rom-
lebic originalur sagaloblebs werdnen. esenia: ioane zosime, ioane mtbeva-
ri, ioane minCxi, miqael modrekili, giorgi merCule, ezra, ioane qonqozisZe,
kurdanaÁ, filipe, stefane sananoÁsZe – Wyondideli da sxvebi~ (183, 9).
Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis dRemde Seswavlili masalebis Tanaxmad,
mraval problemur sakiTxs moefina naTeli, gamoica araerTi samecniero naS-
romi, gairkva araerTi xelnaweris bedi, `Tumca garkveuli istoriul-poli-
tikuri situaciis gamo bevri ram saerTod uyuradRebod darCa, gansakuTre-
biT is problematika, romelsac sasuliero-saeklesio mwerloba moicavs~
(20, 23). amgvar sakiTxTa Sorisaa yovladwmida RvTismSoblis saxis Seswavlis
sakiTxi, romelic, rogorc qarTuli mwerlobis mkvlevarTa, ise
istorikosTa da TeologTa erToblivi Zalisxmevis sagnad unda iqces, raTa
saTanado niadagi momzaddes saqarTvelos istoriasa da qarTul mwerlobaSi
RvTismSoblis rolisa da adgilis sabolood gansazRvrisaTvis. sakiTxis
aqtualobis erT-erT mxared iTvleba is, rom yovladwmida RvTismSobeli
warmogvidgeba ara mxolod qarTveli eris, aramed, zogadad, mTeli qristi-
anuli samyaros mfarvelad. amitomac misi saxis Seswavla bizantiur isto-
riasa da mwerlobasTan mimarTebiTac unda warimarTos. amis safuZvels Zve-
li saqarTvelos bizantiur civilizaciasTan mWidro kavSirebi iZleva, rac
sagangebod aris Seswavlili qarTul mecnierebaSi (s. yauxCiSvili, r. gor-
deziani, e. xinTibiZe, l. xaCiZe da sxvebi).
Tumca es sakiTxi mainc qarTvelebisTvisaa gansakuTrebuli Rirebulebis
mqone, radgan swored saqarTveloa RvTismSoblis wilxvedri qveyana. wminda
5
mariamis qarTul mwerlobaSi Semoyvanac, pirvel yovlisa, iveriis misadmi
wilxvdomilobiTaa gamowveuli.
cnobilia, rom yovladwmida RvTismSoblis saxe pirvelad bizantiur
mwerlobaSi gamoCnda. IV saukuneSi grigol nazianzelma Seqmna sagalobeli
`xotba qalwuls~, svinesios kvirinelma (IV-V ss.) ramdenime himni miuZRvna
RvTismSobels, romanoz melodosma (VI s.) RvTismSoblis saxelze Seqmna
kondakionebi da saSobao himni. bizantiuri literaturis wiaRSi Seiqmna aseve
RvTismSoblisadmi miZRvnili akaTisto (daujdomeli), ris mizezadac kon-
stantinepolis mtrisagan ganTavisufleba miiCneoda.
mariam RvTismSoblis saxe imTaviTve iqca qarTvel himnografTa STagone-
bis wyarod. wminda qalwulis saxe qarTuli himnografiis Tavdapirvel Zeg-
lSive gamoCnda. Sio mRvimelis (VIs.) Cvenamde moRweuli ori himnidan, rome-
lTac òxiTaÁ~ ewodeba, erTi miZRvnilia yovladwmida samebisadmi, meore ki
– yovladwmida RvTismSoblisadmi. rogorc k. kekeliZe aRniSnavs, Sios an-
derZis Tanaxmad, RvTismSoblisadmi miZRvnili òxiTaÁ~ igalobeboda RvTis-
mSoblis taZarSi Sesvlisas (80, 124). SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qarTuli origin-
naluri himnografia samebisa da RvTismSoblisadmi miZRvnili sagaloble-
biT iwyeba, sadac qebis obieqtTa xotba-Sesxma ierarqiuli TanmimdevrobiT
aris ganxorcielebuli.
samecniero literaturaSi aRiarebulia, rom mariam RvTismSoblis saxe
yvelaze srulyofilad himnografiaSi gacxadda. `swored aq moxda misi pi-
rovnebis Rrmad gaazreba. aq damuSavda yovladwmindas metad saintereso sa-
xe-simboloebi, metaforuli saxeebi, saerTod, mxatvruli saxeebi~ (102, 28).
metad mniSvnelovania VII saukunis bizantiel moRvaweTa _ wmida andria
kritelisa da wmida ioane damaskelis sakiTxavebi `SobisaTÂs RmrTismSobe-
lisa~, sadac araerTi saRvTismSoblo simboloa axsnili da ganmartebuli.
RvTismSoblis saxis mxatvrulad gaazrebis saqmeSi didi roli Seasrula
aseve daujdomelma sagaloblebma.
qarTul samecniero literaturaSi saRvTismSoblo simboloTa axsna-gan-
martebis SesaniSnav nimuSs gvaZlevs qarTuli mwerlobis udidesi moRvawe,
ganswavluli RvTismetyveli, qarTveli eris mRvdelmTavari, anton bagrati-
oni, romelmac Tavisi `wyobilsityvaobis~ erT-erTi Tavi _ `TÂs ufroÁsad
6
kurTxeulisa RmrTismSobelisaÁ~, sagangebod miuZRvna RvTismSoblis simbo-
loebs, romelTac is Zveli aRTqmis im adgilebis moxmobiT ganmartavs, sa-
dac es simboloebia naxsenebi.
aRsaniSnavia, didi qarTveli mecnieris elene metrevelis wvlili am
saqmeSi. mis mier gamocemuli `Zlispirni da RmrTismSoblisani~ ara mxo-
lod bizantiuri himnografiis miRwevebs gvamcnobs, aramed qarTveli eris
mariam RvTismSoblis mimarT gansakuTrebuli siyvarulis dasturicaa. amis
gamoxatulebad unda miviCnioT is, rom ZlispirTa krebulebi mxolod qar-
Tul enaze atarebs saxelwodebas, `Zlispirni da RmrTismSoblisani~, roca
berZnul, slavur da rusul krebulebSi mxolod Zlispirebia Tavmoyrili
da krebulic mxolod irmologionis saxelwodebas atarebs, rac ZlispirTa
krebuls niSnavs~ (168, 10).
aseve unda aRvniSnoT akademikos elene metrevelis, caca Wankievisa da
lili xevsurianis mier gamocemul ùZveles iadgarze~ darTuli macxovrisa
da RvTismSoblis atributebi, romlebic iadgaris aRdgomis dasdeblebida-
naa amokrebili.
RvTismSoblis saxis mimarT daintereseba gansakuTrebiT sagrZnobi gaxda
ukanasknel wlebSi. a. baqraZis, q. bezaraSvilis, l. xaCiZis, n. sulavas, s.
maxaraSvilis, b. balxamiSvilis, t. mosias, q. elaSvilis, m. Toduas da sxva-
Ta mier gamoqveynebul naSromebSi RvTismSoblis saxe sxvadasxva kuTxiTaa
Seswavlili. am TematikasTan dakavSirebiT saintereso sadisertacio naSro-
mebi hqondaT lamzira bubuteiSvilsa da ia Raduas.
saRvTismSoblo simbolikis Seswavlis mcdelobaa winamdebare naSromic,
romelic bibliasa da VIII-XVIII saukuneebis qarTul himnografiul
masalebze dayrdnobiTaa damuSavebuli. kvlevisas gamoyenebuli gvaqvs
Sesabamisi periodis naTargmni bizantiuri literaturis Zeglebi, raTa
qristianuli samyaros uZvelesi civilizaciis qveynis miRwevebis
paralelurad warmogveCina qarTuli himnografiis SemecnebiTi da
mxatvruli done, xazi gagvesva misTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tavi-
seburebebisaTvis.
naSromi sami nawilisgan Sedgeba: pirveli nawili Tavis mxriv or Tavs
Seicavs, romelic eZRvneba zogadad himnografias, simbolur saxismetyvele-
7
bas da RvTismSoblis Tematikas _ sazogadod mis mniSvnelobas da kerZod,
saqarTvelosTvis. amave TavSi ganvixileT sagalobelTa mxatvruli Tematika,
romelic, rogorc wmida weriliseuli, aseve qarTvel himnografTa mier
Seqmnili originaluri saxeebiTaa warmodgenili; meore nawili, romelSic
Svidi Tavia gaerTianebuli, miznad isaxavs RvTismSoblis saxe-simboloTa
Seswavlas qarTul himnografiaSi da maT mimarTebas bibliasTan.
siaxle am mxriv isaa, rom vcdilobT simboloTa srulyolil dalage-
bas Tematikis mixedviT. vfiqrobT, RvTismSoblis saxis mxatvrul-
esTetikuri funqciiT gansazRvrisaTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba
im saxe-simboloebs, romlebic wminda mariamis maradqalwulobis warmoCenas
emsaxureba, radgan wminda mariamis mimarT gamoyenebul simboloTa mTavari
daniSnuleba qalwulis ubiwoebis, misgan gankacebuli RvTis movlinebis
warmoCenaa, rasac araerTxel adasturebs rogorc wmida werili, aseve
saeklesio da zepiri gadmocemebi. saamisod uamravi saintereso da origina-
luri saxea moxmobili, rogoricaa: daxSuli bWe, dauTesveli qveyana, da-
beWduli wyaro, sami yrma, usZlo sZali, ubiwo dedofali, zecisa sZali,
uqorwinebeli dedofali, uxrwneli dedofali, caTa uzeSTaesi, samoTxe,
zecis ierusalimi, qerubimTa mobaZavi, bunebis wesis Semcvleli da a.S.
romelTa Ziebasac Zvel aRTqmamde mivyavarT.
meore nawilis meore Tavi davuTmeT im simboloebis warmoCenas, romle-
bic uSualod miuTiTeben RvTismSobelze, rogorc macxovris damtevnelsa
da mtvirTvelze. aseTebia: ca, beTlemi, mTa, kidobani, sasanTle, etli, sasak-
mevle, takuki, tabla, taZari da sxva. romelTac mxolod simbolurad Tu
davasaxelebT uflis damtevnelad, Torem macxovris damtevneli veranairi
adgili ver iqneba, radgan is TviTonaa yovlismomcveli, rasac aseve adas-
turebs efrem mcire: àdgil RmrTisa odesme caÁ iTqumis da odesme ekle-
siaÁ da odesme qalwuli, rameTu amaT yovelTa mier cxad ars, viTarmed arc
erTsa adgilsa mier gareSecvul ars igi, aramed yovelsa mas mxolosa Seu-
cavs~ (150, 88).
RvTismSoblis saxes Tavisebur elfers aniWebs mcenareTa da frinvel-
Ta saxismetyveleba. maTi saSualebiT SesaZlebeli xdeba RvTismSoblis Tvi-
sebebis ufro naTlad warmoCena, mis ubiwo sulier samyaroSi Rrmad wvdoma.
8
wminda mariamis dideba da xotba sagalobelSi ferTa da Zvirfas Tval-
Ta saxismetyvelebiTac aris miRweuli. himnografTaTvis RvTismSobeli qebis
mudmivi obieqtia, amitomac cdiloben misi umanko buneba ferTa da Zvirfas
TvalTa nairgvari simbolikiT warmoaCinon. am mxriv Cveni mxridan siaxlea
is faqti, rom naTlis simbolika, romelzec ferTa saxismetyvelebaSi vsaub-
robT, ganxiluli gvaqvs astralur simboloebSic, radgan wmida werilidan
momdinare orgvari naTlis arseboba sasuliero poeziaSic dasturdeba:
erTi, rogorc feri da meore, `naTeli usxeulo~, `bunebiTi naTeli~... anu
materiis Seqmnamde arsebul naTeli.
am nawilSi sagangebod gamovyofT im Tavs, romelSic vsaubrobT
RvTismSoblisa da macxovris saerTo saxe-simboloebze qarTul
himnografiaSi, radgan ase detalurad da Rrmad am simboloebis
mizanmimarTuli dawyoba am etapamde ar momxdara.
im saxe-simboloebs ki, romlebic Tematurad ver dajgufda am TavebSi,
ganvixilavT calke Tavad, romelsac vuwodeT ,,RvTismSoblis madidebeli
sxva saxe-simboloebi~. am TavSi aseve sagangebodaa aqcentirebuli iseTi
aqtualuri sakiTxebi, rogoricaa qalwulis warmomavloba, gzis simboluri
mniSvneloba, gamovyofT sagalobelTa im nawils, sadac saubaria sulier
xsnaze, mRvimeTagan amosvlaze, òrbeb ganaxlebaze~ da aseve dedoflis
sasufevelSi wabrZanebaze.
mesame nawili Cven sagangebod vuZRveniT jvarcmis Temas, kerZod
jvarcmis RvTismSobliseul aRqmas, radgan swored am dros ikveTeba deda
qalwulis metad originaluri saxe. am kosmiurma movlenam yvelaze naTlad
warmoaCina RvTismSoblis manamde TiTqos uCinari dedobrivi buneba. am
nawilSi Cven SeviswavliT jvarcmasTan dakavSirebul RvTismSoblis
mxatvrul saxeebs qarTul himnografiaSi da am kuTxiT paralels vavlebT
bizantieli himnografis Teofane graptosis SemoqmedebasTan. rogor aRiqva
qalwulma Svilis vneba? aris ki zRvari RvTismSoblis glovasa da
sixaruls Soris? vcdilobT am kiTxvebs detalurad da amomwuravad vupasu-
xoT naSromis mesame TavSi, romelsac `jvarcmis RvTismSobliseuli aRqma
(glova da sixaruli)~ vuwodeT.
9
nawili I
1. himnografia da simboluri saxismetyveleba

(zogadi mimoxilva)
qarTuli saeklesio poezia orgvaria: liturgikuli da samoZRvro-moTx-

robiTi, pirveli Seicavs liturgikul, saRvTismsaxuro miznebiT Seqmnil
nawarmoebebs, saeklesio himnografias, xolo meore _ iseT nawarmoebebs,
romlebic RvTismsaxurebaSi gamosayeneblad ar arian gankuTvnili da gamoxa-
taven sarwmunoebriv-zneobriv azrebs, avtoris grZnobebs, sulier gancdebs,
anda agviweren romelime istoriul movlenasa da faqts (80, 587).
Tavdapirvelad qristianul RvTismsaxurebaSi Warbobda fsalmunuri ele-
menti. mas dResac didi adgili ukavia qristianul liturgikaSi. V saukuni-
dan iqmneba pirveli qristianuli troparebi/dasdebelni 1 , romlebic Semdeg
ufro rTul kompoziciebSi _ kondakionebs2 da kanonebSi3 gaerTianda. es kom-
poziciebi ukve gulisxmobda pirveli da momdevno troparebis urTierTkavS-
irs. Tavdapirvelad es kavSiri Sinaarsobrivi xasiaTisa iyo: makavSirebeli
pirveli tropari bibliuri galobis teqsts warmoadgenda, rac gansazRvrav-
da mTeli kompoziciis ganwyobilebasa da Sinaarss (80, 589-590). bibliuri od-
ebis dasawyisebi kanonis odebis saxelwodebaTa saxiT Semogvinaxa kanonma,
xolo makavSirebel troparad, anu irmosad iqca odis an galobis pirveli
tropari, romelic Sinaarsobriv exmaureboda im bibliur odas, romlis sa-
xelwodebasac atarebda kanonis galoba (anu oda). qarTulma galobanma (anu
kanonma) bolomde SeinarCuna galobis (anu odis) saxelwodebad bibliur o-
daTa dasawyisebi.
himnografiis ZiriTadi poeturi forma, `galobani” (kanoni) cxra Tavisagan
(sagaloblisgan) Sedgeba. 1. ùgalobdiTsa”; 2. `moixilesa~ 3. `ganZlierdasa”;
1
himnografiuli kanonis is sagaloblebi, romlebic mosdeven Zlispirebs, imeoreben mis saleqso zomas, galobis
kilos da Sinaarsobrivad exmaurebian im dResaswaulis Temas, romelsac eZRvneba himnografiuli kanoni.
2
saeklesio sagaloblis saxeoba, romelic SemuSavebulia bizantieli himnografis romanoz melodosis (VIs. I nax.)
mier. kondaki himnografiuli kanonis winamorbedia. kondakis Janris ayvaveba moxda VI-VII saukuneebSi, SemdgomSi is
Secvala himnografiulma kanonma. Tanamedrove mniSvnelobiT kondaki aris erTstrofiani sagalobeli, romelic
CaerTvis kanonis VI galobis Semdeg (ikosis msgavsad). igi sruldeba Cveulebriv romelime dResaswaulis
RvTismsaxurebis dros.
3
galobani, berZn. kanoni _ sasuliero Sinaarsis didi zomis sagalobelia, romelic 9 galobisgan anu odisgan
Sedgeba. galobanis anu homnografiuli kanonis Sedgeniloba gansazRvrulia bibliuri galobebiT. galobani anu
himnografiuli kanoni agebulia ZlispirTa da dasdebelTa (troparTa) Tanmimdevrobaze, sadac Zlispiri aris
ritmul-melodiuri modeli momdevno dasdebelisaTvis.
10
4. ùfalo mesmasa”; 5. `RamiTgansa”; 6. `RaRadyavsa” 7. `kurTxeul arsa”; 8.
àkurTxevdiTsa” 9. àdidebdiTsa” (es galoba erTaderTia, romelic axali
aRTqmidan aris aRebuli, danarCeni 8 galoba Zveli aRTqmis sxvadasxva wigni-
dan aris `nasesxebi~).
`galobanis~ yoveli galoba anu oda mTavrdeba RvTismSoblisadmi
miZRvnili dasdebliT, misTvis aRvlenili locva-vedrebaa.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, Qqristianul RvTismsaxurebaSi fsalmunuri ele-
mentis siWarbe iklebs daaxloebiT V-VI saukuneebidan da Semodis himnogra-
fiuli elementi.
himnografia uzenaesis gandidebis da saRvTo saqmeTa Semkobis poeturi
dargia. TviT himnografebi mas `didebismetyvelebas~ uwodeben. sagalobeli
mdidari informaciis Semcveli wyaroa Tavisi saxismetyvelebiT, mxatvruli
semantikiT, bibliuri mniSvnelobiT.
himnografia adamianSi badebs sidiadis, amaRlebulobis gancdas, simSvi-
dis, siwmindis, locvis ganwyobilebas.
himnografia, upirveles yovlisa, liturgiuli gnosisis Semadgeneli nawi-
lia. igi eklesiisaTvis Rirseulia, pirvel rigSi, rogorc gnoseologiuri
fenomeni, saeklesio mamebi Tvlian, rom galobis daSveba RvTismsaxurebis
dros adamianuri sisusteebisadmi RvTaebrivi Zalebis Semwynarebluri damo-
kidebulebis gamoxatulebaa. basili kesarieli aRniSnavs, rom musika uadvi-
lebs adamians religiuri dogmatebis SeTvisebas: `suliwmidam dainaxa, Tu ra
Znelia adamianisTvis saTnoebis gzaze Sedgoma da ra Zlierad varT Cven mid-
rekili siamovnebisaken, viviwyebT ra wmida cxovrebas. da rogor moiqca is?
Seuria dogmatebs melodiis sitkbo, raTa SeumCnevlad miviRoT sargebloba
sityvebisagan, romlebic nazad elamunebian Cvens smenas, msgavsad imisa, ro-
gorc gonieri eqimebi awvdian mware wamals avadmyofs Tafliani TasiT.” (26,
219; 120, 105).
Cveni liturgikuli himnografia orgvaria: ubralo prozauli himnebi da
e.w. iambikoebi (iambiko dayofilia calkeul strofebad an xanebad, romelic
Sedgeba xuTi saleqso striqonis an taepisgan. TiToeuli taepi Seicavs Tor-
met marcvals an Setyuebas, ase rom, strofSi aris sul samoci marcvali (an
Setyueba).
11
qarTulma himnografiulma literaturam ganviTarebis rTuli da grZeli
gza ganvlo da dagvitova rogorc originaluri Semoqmedebis, aseve naTarg-
mni Zeglebis SesaniSnavi da mravalricxovani nimuSebi.
Tavdapirvelad Cveni liturgikuli himnografia naTargmni iyo, ufro me-
tad Targmnidnen berZnul sagaloblebs. es iyo ubralo prozauli Targmani.
`Zveli qarTuli himnografiis ganviTareba sam metad gansxvavebul
safexurs qmnis. pirveli _ uZvelesi (VII-Xss.) himnografia(pirobiTad
SeiZleba sabawmiduri vuwodoT); meore _ (Xs. bolo-XIs.) e.w. aTonuri
periodi da mesame _ XVII-XVIII ss. himnografia~ (152, 9).
uZvelesi Targmnili himnografiuli teqstebi Semogvinaxa unikalurma qar-
Tulma liturgikulma krebulebma _ ierusalimis leqcionarma da e.w. Wil-
etratis iadgarma. orive krebuli moRweulia Cvenamde IX-X saukuneebis xel-
nawerebiT da asaxavs ierusalimis uZveles (VIIs.) liturgikul praqtikas.
ierusalimis sabawmiduri himnografiis skolasTan aris dakavSirebuli
agreTve momdevno (VIII-Xsaukuneebis) etapi qarTuli himnografiis
ganviTarebaSi, rodesac liturgikaSi farTod ikidebs fexs bizantiuri
ritmuli poezia. sabawmidis saxelmoxveWili poeti-melodosebis gverdiT da
maTTan SemoqmedebiT kontaqtSi sabawmidis qarTvel himnografTa koleqtivSi
iqmneboda pirveli qarTuli iadgarebi, sadac Tavi moeyara adreuli
bizantiuri ritmuli poeziis nimuSebs. aqve da sinas mTaze Seiqmna qarTuli
originaluri himnografiis bevri brwyinvale nawarmoebi. IX-XI saukuneebis
adgilobrivma da aTonis himnografiulma skolebma daagvirgvines qarTvelTa
mdidari Semoqmedeba sasuliero poeziis dargSi.
aTonis literaturulma skolam qarTuli mwerlobis istoriaSi udidesi
roli Seasrula. àrc erT samonastro dawesebulebas iseTi mniSvneloba ara
hqonia Cveni mwerlobis istoriaSi, rgorc aTonis iverTa monasters. uimisod
Cveni kulturis istorias SeiZleba sxva saxe da xasiaTi mieRo~ (80, 89).
k. kekeliZis Tanaxmad, qaruli originaluri himnografia iwyeba daaxloe-
biT meSvide saukunidan, rodesac `stiqaroni” jer kidev iwodeboda `tropa-
rad” da `tropari” `stiqaronad~. (80, 589).
12
qarTuli himnografiis mecnieruli Seswavlis gareSe SeuZlebelia
dafasdes is didi wvlili, romelic man Seitana qarTuli poeturi
azrovnebisa da mxatvruli metyvelebis saganZurSi.
mdidarma himnografiulma literaturam saukuneebis manZilze mxatvruli
saxeebis sakuTari samyaro Seqmna. homiletikuri Zeglebis maRalmxatvrul
nimuSebTan erTad, man moamzada niadagi saero mwerlobis ganviTarebisaTvis.
sasuliero poeziis mxatvrul saxeTa maragidan bevri ram miiRo da aiTvisa
qarTulma saero poeziamac.
rogorc SesavalSic aRvniSneT, Tavisi ganviTarebis kulminaciur punqtze
qarTuli originaluri himnografia X saukunis II naxevarSi Semdgara. esaa
klasikuri xana qarTuli himnografiis istoriaSi, roca erTmaneTs cvlian
qarTuli himnografiis TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebi: ioane zosime, ioane
mtbevari, ioane minCxi, miqael modrekili, giorgi merCule, ezra, ioane
qonqozisZe, kurdanaÁ, filipe, stefane sananoÁsZe-Wyondideli da sxvebi.
qarTveli himnografebi eyrdnobian sxvadasxva ucxoel Tu qarTvel
moRvaweTa literaturul-esTetikur gamocdilebas, inarCuneben da iyeneben
maT mier SemuSavebul mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiT xerxebsa da saSualebebs,
simboloebs, alegoriebs, saxeobriv sistemas.
himnografiuli tradicia ganamtkica grigol xanZTelis iadgarma,
romelmac niadagi moamzada originaluri himnografiis Semdgomi ganviTarebi-
saTvis. TiTqmis yvela originaluri himni, rac meaTe saukuneSi dawerila, sa-
gangebod Tavmoyrilia miqael modrekilis cnobil krebulSi. aq warmodge-
nil originalur himnebs saxelwodebac ki aqvT _ qarTulni, ucxo da naT-
argmn, berZnul sagalobelTa gasarCevad.
XVII-XVIIIss-is himnografiis mxatvruli done, cxadia, ganviTarebis mona-
kveTis simoklisa da mravali sxva mizezis gamoc, klasikur periodTan Seda-
rebiT dabalia. aqve aRsaniSnavia is faqtic, rom XIV saukunidan moyolebuli
XVII saukunis meore naxevramde liturgikuli himnografiis ganviTarebis xa-
zi, faqtobrivad, Sewyda da mxolod XVII saukunis II naxevridan xerxdeba mi-
si aRdgena.
`XVII-XVIII saukuneebis liturgikuli himnografia wina periodTan Sedare-
biT Cveni mwerlobis istoriaSi axal etaps qmnis axali principebiTa da axa-
13
li TvalTaxedviT. upirvelesi ganmasxvavebeli niSani am drois himnografi-
isa klasikuri periodis himnografiisagan aris erovnuli motivi... maTi Se-
moqmedebis obieqti mxolod da mxolod qarTuli sinamdvile da qarTvel mo-
wameTa saqmianobaa... es iyo epoqis principuli moTxovna, romelsac mtkiced
icavda qarTuli eklesia~ (152, 17).
am periodis sasuliero istoriisa da mwerlobis ganviTarebaSi yvelaze
didi roli Seasrula daviT garejis literaturulma skolam, romelic sami
ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT muSaobda: 1. hagiografiul-himnografiuli krebule-
bis damuSaveba, 2. dogmatikur-polemikuri literaturis damuSaveba, 3. saerTo
kulturuli saqmianoba (xelnawerebis gamravleba, biblioTekebis Seqmna da
sxv.)...
liturgikuli himnebi daniSnulia RvTismsaxurebaSi saxmareblad, imaT
galoben xolme da amitom qarTulad `galobani” an `sagalobeli” ewodebaT.
himnografiaSi qebis obieqti aris RmerTi, RvTismSobeli, wmindanebi.
sagalobeli maTi cxovrebisa Tu wamebis epizodebs asaxavs. qebis obieqti
gamorCeulia sulierebiT, zneobrivi samyaroTi, faqizi da saTuTi bunebiT,
arsad Cans garegnuli faqtori.
himnografia, sxva kanonikur saRvTismetyvelo dargebTan erTad, biblias
emyareba da amitom wmindanTa moxsenebisas gamoyenebuli gamoTqmebi simbo-
lur aRqmas moiTxovs. himnografia frazeologiasac bibliidan da masze da-
fuZnebuli wignebidan iRebs da iTavisebs, rac samecniero literaturaSi
araerTgzis aRniSnula: `qarTuli originaluri himnografia gvTavazobs sa-
suliero mwerlobisaTvis kargad cnobilsa da damuSavebul zogad qristia-
nul motivebs. sagaloblebi eZRvneba ama Tu im qristianul dResaswauls,
RvTaebas, macxovars, wmindanebs...~ (51, 91).
mwerals SeuZlia nebismieri bibliuri paradigmis moxmoba. Teologiuri
TvalsazrisiT igi siaxles ver ityvis. aq mniSvneloba eniWeba imas, rom yo-
vel mxatvrul nawarmoebSi yoveli sityva, pirdapiri Tu gadataniTi, anu
tropuli mniSvnelobiT gamoyenebuli, axal konteqstSi sxvagvar, axlebur
elfersa da azrobriv datvirTvas iZens, axal ganwyobilebas aRZravs (135, 8).
himnografia, rogorc kanonikuri Teologiuri Txzulebebidan aRmocenebu-
li da ganviTarebuli dargi saRvTismetyvelo mwerlobisa saxismetyvelebi-
14
Tad iTvisebs saRvTo saxelebs. RmerTs da mis hipostasebs, RvTismSobels
usadagebs iseT saxelebs, rogorebicaa: mze simarTlisa, manana, kidobani, may-
vali, mTa gamoukueTeli, kibe, karavi, venaxi, sasanTle da sxva, romelTac
Rrma simboluri datvirTva aqvs da romelTa Sesaxebac dawvrilebiT qvemoT
visaubrebT.
himnografiis mizani iyo RvTaebrivi sityvis gadmocema. amitom igi
maqsimalurad zRudavda Tavis individualur xelweras da bibliidan,
zogjer ki ufro Soreuli momdinare saxismetyvelebiTa da mxatvruli
azrovnebiT sazrdoobda, romelic SekumSuli formiT gadmoicemoda. amas
emyareboda himnografTa mxatvruli metyvelebis arqetipul saxeTa, parale-
lur saxeTa mixedviT agebis principi. aseT SemTxvevaSi bibliuri paradigme-
bi gamoxatavda TeologiaSi kargad cnobil alegoriul mimarTebebs Zveli
da axali aRTqmis movlenebs Soris.
himnografiul TxzulebebSi, iqneba igi mcire formis sagalobeli Tu
kanoni, Zlispiri misi pirveli strofia, pirveli troparia. bibliur galo-
bebTan kavSirs himnografiul kanonSi amyarebda Zlispiri, romelmac strofi-
modelis funqcia SeiZina. himnografiaSi terminTa nawili metaforuli gamo-
xatvis Sinaarss Seicavs, zog SemTxvevaSi _ tropuli gamoxatvis sxvadasxva
formas aerTianebs.
efrem mcirem fsalmunTa katenebis SesavalSi gamoyo saRvTismetyvelo
principebze agebuli nawarmoebis Sinaarsis gaazrebis ori saxeoba: `ganmar-
tebiTi~, romelic nawarmoebis Sinaarsis pirdapiri azriT gagebas gulis-
xmobda, da `saxismetyvelebiTi”, romelic nawarmoebis alegoriuli da simbo-
luri Sinaarsis amocnobas emsaxureboda.
sasuliero poeziis meore saxes _ samoZRvro-moTxrobiTs, k. kekeliZem
araliturgikuli uwoda (80, 607), rasac ar iziarebs zogierTi mkvlevari
(nestan sulava), radgan samoZRvro-moTxrobiTia yvela himnografiuli Txzu-
leba, miuxedavad formisa, magaliTad, iambiko, stiqaroni, himnografiuli ka-
noni. TiToeuli maTganis Temaa RmerTis, RvTismSoblis, maTTan dakavSirebu-
li dResaswaulebis, wmindanebis qeba. samoZRvro-moTxrobiTad miCneulia de-
metre mefis, ioane SavTelisa da sxvaTa Txzulebebi, e.i. isini miCneulia ara-
liturgikulad. dasaxelebul avtorTagan ioane SavTels Seuqmnia himnogra-
15
fiuli kanonebi, romlebic liturgikuli RvTismsaxurebisTvis iyo gankuTvn-
ili. araliturgikulad ver miviCnevT demetre mefis iambikoebs, radgan XVIII
saukuneSi isini SeutaniaT sadResaswauloebSi RmrTismSoblisanis (àwda~)
troparad. es faqti naTlad miuTiTebs am iambikoTa liturgikuli RvTis-
msaxurebisaTvis daniSnulebas. yovelive es gvafiqrebinebs, rom samoZRvro-
moTxrobiTia rogorc liturgikuli, aseve araliturgikuli himnografia (135,
13-14).
himnografiaSi adamianis, wmindanis saxe saRvTo saxelebiTaa Semkuli,
xolo es saxelebi, saRvTismetyvelo literaturidan mxatvrulSi gadatanis
gamo, aRiqmebian Rrmaazrovan simboloebad, saxismetyvelebiT xatebad.
simbolo berZnuli sityvaa da niSnavs pirobiT niSan-Tvisebas, emblemas,
simbolur gamonaTqvams, qaragmulad naTqvams. simbolo aRqmad-materialur
saxes aZlevs azrovnebiT procesebs da amiT qmnis codnis dagrovebis, Senax-
visa da gadacemis saSualebas. simboluri azrovneba kacobriobis arsebobis
uZveles xanas ukavSirdeba. saukuneebis manZilze igi gansazRvravda sxvadas-
xva epoqis xalxTa msoflmxedvelobas. simbolur azrovnebas qristianobamac
farTod gauRo kari, radganac igi saRvTo saidumloebaTa gadmocemis erT-
erT saukeTeso saSualebad miiCnia. ùnda iTqvas, rom yoveli religiuri da,
miT umetes, mistiuri Semecneba, iZulebulia Seqmnas sakralur niSanTa da
simboloTa sistema, romlis gareSec mas ar SeuZlia aRweros Tavisi `gamo-
uTqmeli~ Sinaarsi. amasTanave, qristianuli niSnebiTa da simboloebiT gamow-
veuli sulieri zemoqmedeba principulad gansxvavebulia sxva religiebSi
arsebuli simboloebiT aRZruli gancdebisagan~ (68, 369-370).
cnobilia, rom pirveli qristianebi warmarTTa devnis dros xSirad
mimarTavdnen simboloebs, rom mtrisTvis gaugebari yofiliyo maTi
mniSvneloba, anu sulieri Sinaarsi. amas adasturebs romis katakombebi,
sadac, sxvadasxva scenebTan erTad, xSirad qristes venaxTan dakavSirebis
scenebsac vxvdebiT. venaxis mtevnebze Semomsxdari frinvelebi sulis
simboloebia, xolo mtevani – Rvinis momcemeli (140, 211).
adamians sulier samyarosTan swored simbolo aziarebs. rogorc Teolo-
giaSia cnobili, xiluli sagnebi uxilav saganTa gamovlenil xatebs warmo-
adgens. amasTan, adamiani samyaros srulyofilad Seicnobs maSin, `Tu Tavis
16
Tavs aRiqvams kosmiur mTlianobaSi, rac preistoriuli droidan moyolebu-
li martooden simboloTa eniTaa gadmocemuli~ (146, 9). simbolo `SemaerTebe-
lia miwisa da zecisa... esaa yofierebis saswaulebrivi saidumlo~ (128, 61).
revaz baramiZe simbolos ara marto mxatvrul gamosaxviT saSualebad,
aramed azrovnebis stiladac miiCnevs (21, 164), romlis gverdiTac didi adgi-
li uWiravs alegoriasac da `xSir SemTxvevaSi azrovnebis gamoxatvis es ori
xerxi imdenad mWidrod aris urTierTdakavSirebuli, rom maTi gaTiSva, ga-
mijvna SeuZlebeli xdeba~ (21, 175) da ganumeorebeli saxismetyvelebiTi foni
iqmneba.
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom simboloTa sworad aRqmisaTvis rwmenaa
aucilebeli, `radgan simbolo niSania, romelic moiTxovs rwmenas da amave
dros, alamia, romelic moiTxovs erTgulebas~ (8, 324).
`ZiriTadi Tavisebureba bibliuri da qristianuli religiur-mxatvruli
saxe-simboloebisa maTi saxismetyvelebiTi moazrebaa. Zveli qarTuli termini
`saxismetyveleba~ gulisxmobs saxeobrivi gamoxatvis sxvadasxva formas
(rogorc alegoriul-simbolurs, ise, saerTod tropuls). igi gulisxmobs
agreTve mTlianad mxatvrul azrovnebas, mxatvrul Sinaarss~ (29, 66).
saxismetyvelebiTi azrovnebis centri gaxda aleqsandriuli skola. IV-V
saukuneebis qristianul samyaroSi ori warmmarTveli saRvTismetyvelo
skola arsebobda _ antioqiisa da aleqsandriisa: àleqsandriis skolaSi
gamefebuli iyo alegoriuli, an Zveli qarTuli terminologiiT,
saxismetyvelebiTi meTodi, romelic saRmrTo teqstSi eZebda uaRresad
saidumlo azrs... antioqiis skolaSi, piriqiT, miRebuli iyo realisturi
meTodi~ (77, 180).
termini `saxismetyvelebiTi~ `Cven gvxvdeba jer kidev eqvTime
mTawmindelis mier naTargmn maqsime aRmsareblis cxovrebaSi, sadac
naTqvamia: `da gadmoTargmna... saxismetyvelebiT... wmidisa Jamiswirvisa...
aRwera~ (77, 223), magram ufro garkveviT mas efrem mcire ganmartavs. is saR-
vTismetyvelo Txzulebas orgvarad gaiazrebs _ 1. ganmartebiTad, romelic
nawarmoebis Sinaarsis pirdapir gagebas gulisxmobs da 2. saxismetyvelebi-
Tad, romelic nawarmoebis simboluri da alegoriuli Sinaarsis gaazrebaa:
`romelime ganmartebiT Targmnis muÃlsa da romelime saxis-metyuelebiT; da
17
ara mxolod orni da organ; aramed TÂT igive erTi da erTsa Sina adgilsa
ganhmartebsca da saxismetyuelebsca masve da erTsa muÃlsa... yovelsave
muÃlsa saxismetyuelebaÁ SesaZlebel ars ara erTi saxe oden, aramed
mravalsaxedca~ (159, 82).
didi xnis ganmavlobaSi miviwyebuli es sityva (`saxismetyveleba~ _ T. g.)
qarTul sinamdvileSi kvlav `gaacocxla~ revaz siraZem.
saxe esTetikis mTavari kategoriaa. xelovnebis yoveli nawarmoebi Sedgeba
saxeebisagan. saxea mxatvruli nawarmoebis mTavari Semadgeneli nawili, misi
ZiriTadi elementi.
Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi saxe ganmartebuli iyo, rogorc dafarulis
xilva da Cveneba.
r. siraZis ganmartebiT, saxe aris xelovnebis nawarmoebis iseTi elementi,
romelsac calke aRebuls mxtvruli zemoqmedebis Zala gaaCnia.
saxeebi erTmaneTis gverdiT, rasakvirvelia, ufro met mniSvnelobas iZens,
magram maT aqvT SefardebiTi damoukidebloba.
Sua saukuneebSi yvela qristiani adamiani Tavis mimarTebas uzenaesisadmi
gamoxatavda mza religiuri formulebiT, mxatvruli literaturac umTavre-
sad efuZneboda am religiur-dogmatur frazeologias Tu mza saxeebsa da
gamoTqmebs, magram d. lixaCovis dakvirvebiT, es formulebi inarCuneben pir-
veli mxatvruli mignebis ganumeorebel niSans. `tradiciuli formula TiT-
qos patara mxatvruli nawarmoebia~ (87, 114).
saTqmelis simbolurad gamoxatvis xerxs gamokveTilad mimarTa wmida
werilma _ Zvelma da axalma aRTqmam. es ori epoqa ar arsebobs erTmaneTis
gareSe, radganac Zveli winasaxea axlisa. Sesabamisad, axali aRTqmis mravali
movlena winaswar gacxadda Zvel aRTqmaSi, anu Zveli aRTqma warmoadgens
axali aRTqmis pirebisa da movlenebis winasaxes, rasac ieso qristec adas-
turebda: `gamoeZiebdiT wignTa, rameTu Tquen hgonebT, viTarmed gaqus cxore-
baÁ saukunoÁ maT Sina da igini arian, romeli wameben CemTÂs~ (ioan. 5, 39);
ùkueTumca grwmena mosesi, grwmenamca Cemica, rameTu man CemTÂs dawera~
(ioan. 5, 46). `garda amgvari zogadi gancxadebisa, ufali xSirad miuTiTebs
Zveli aRTqmis winaswarmetyvelebasa da movlenebze, romlebic dakavSirebu-
lia mis cxovrebasTan, swavlebasTan, jvarcmis tanjvebTan. is xSirad saub-
18
robs Zvel winaswarmetyvelebaTa ganxorcielebaze, romelic exeba mis gamom-
xsnel msxverpls (maT. 26, 54; luk. 22, 37) da TviT jvarze wamebis dros war-
moTqmul mis amaRelveblad Rrma da simSvidiTa da didebulebiT aRbeWdil
sityvebs: àRsrulda~ (ioan. 19, 30). amiT mianiSnebs, rom aRsrulda yvelaferi,
risTvisac igi iyo mowodebuli~ (91, 11-12).
bibliis simboluri ena imTaviTve iqca sasuliero samwerlobo enis
safuZvlad. wmida werilze amozrdilma sasuliero poeziam saRvTo
movlenaTa xotba-Sesxma, wmida werilis kvalobaze, hipodigmur-paradigmuli
struqturiT ganaxorciela, rac kargad aris axsnili pavle mociqulis
epistoleSi (1 kor. 10, 11).
wmida werilSi gamoyenebul saxe-simboloebiT azrovneba gansakuTrebiT
damaxasiaTebelia himnografiisaTvis, sadac damuSavebulia sayovelTaod
cnobili zogadqristianuli motivebi. `himnografia saRvTismetyvelo poeziaa,
romelsac formac da Sinaarsic poeturi aqvs. mas bibliuri motivebi da
saxismetyveleba asazrdoebs~ (138, 116). sagaloblebi eZRvneba ama Tu im dRe-
saswauls, RvTaebas, macxovars, RvTismSobels, wmindans... gandidebulia qris-
tes Soba, naTlisReba, aRdgoma, warmoCenilia wuTisoflis warmavlobisa da
sakuTar codvaTa monaniebis motivebi. `cnobilia isic, rom medievalur
kulturaSi mxatvruli faqtura Sedgeba mza saxeebisa da aplikaciebisagan.
magram calkeuli mxatvruli nawarmoebi mainc aRiqmeba rogorc originaluri
da damoukidebeli esTetikuri Rirebulebis movlena~ (49, 146). Suasaukuneebis
ZeglTa TavisTavadobas ganapirobebs is garemoeba, rom Semoqmedi yovel re-
ligiur faqtTan amyarebs damoukidebel mimarTebas, esa Tu is movlena xdeba
misi piradi gancdis sagani, riTac iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom TiTqos igi aR-
moaCens da aRwers pirvelad ama Tu im religiur dResaswauls, gamoiyenebs
sxvadasxva saxe-simboloebs. nawarmoebs warmarTavs grZnobiT damuxtuli az-
ri, rac ganapirobebs poeturi sagaloblis emociurobas.
rogorc cnobilia, `kondakis~ Janri, romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebeli iyo
TxrobiTi da dramatizebuli, dialoguri nawilebi, Secvala `kanonma~, ri-
Tac, faqtobrivad, Seicvala sayrdeni mxatvruli Sinaarsi. xatovani Txrobi-
sa da dramatuli scenebis dro Secvala gansjisa da qeba-didebis aRvlenis
Jamma. am Janris fuZemdebeli ki andria kriteli iyo, romlis mier dawerili
19
`didi kanoniTac~ himnografiis ganviTarebaSi iwyeba axali etapi. `did
kanonSi” dausruleblad monacvleoben Zveli da axali QaRTqmis saxeebi.
magaliTad, èva eva ki aRar aris, aramed TviT samSvinvelis qaluri, macduri
sawyisia yovel adamianSi~ (49, 145)...
xSirad wmindanisadmi mimarTuli sagaloblis erT strofSi simboloTa
da epiTetTa mTeli arsenalia Tavmoyrili: ìxareben saRmrToni qadagni:
winaswarmetyvelni da mamaTmTavarni; rameTu sarwmuno iqmnnes Tqmulni maTTa
Sen zeda uqcevelad aRsrulebiTa: usZloo sZalo; RvTisa maRlisao: gixa-
roden karavo wmidao abrahamis gamosaxulo da kibeo suliero iakobis xilu-
lo; gixaroden, mayualo Seuxebelo, moses moswavebulo da sawmiso gedeonis
qadagebulo. gixaroden kidobano daviTis gamosaxulo da yuavilo solomo-
nis moswavebulo: gixaroden sulmcireo Rrubelo mzisa simarTlisa mtÂr-
Tvelo: gixaroden mTao gamoukueTelo lodsa sacnaursa ubiwod mSobelo:
gixaroden bWeo aRmosavalisao daÃSulo da wyaroo dabeWdulo: gixaroden
RvTismSobelo aRdga mkvdreTiT Ze Seni da RmerTi Cveni: romelsa aqus didi
waylobaÁ~ (99, 492).
usZlo sZali, karavi, sulieri kibe, Seuxebeli mayvali, sawmisi, kidobani,
yvavili, Rrubeli sulmcire, gamoukveTeli mTa, daxSuli bWe, dabeWduli
wyaro... _ yvela es saxe-simbolo RvTismSobels miemarTeba da mTlianobaSi
mis maradqalwulobis, ubiwoebis, macxovrisadmi udidesi madlisa da Zalis
warmoCenas emsaxureba himnografTa mier.
20
2. RvTismSoblis Tema
mariam RvTismSoblisadmi miZRvnilma religiurma dResaswaulebma, ekle-

sia-monastrebma, xatebma, himnebma, locvebma ganapirobes misi kultis Seqmna.
rac Seexeba saqarTveloSi wminda mariamis kultis Camoyalibebas, igi
saTaves me-9 saukunidan iRebs da k. kekeliZis TqmiT, me-10 saukuneSi mTliani
sistemis saxiT gvevlineba. amis upirvelesi mizezi CvenSi, qristianuli
religiis ganmtkiceba-gaZlierebasTan erTad, erovnuli TviTSegnebis amaRle-
baa. k. kekeliZis Tanaxmad, es tendencia CvenSi yalibdeba jer kidev me-8 sau-
kuneSi. gavixsenoT ioane sabanisZis àbos martvilobidan” erTi pasaJi: àra
xolo Tu berZenTa sarwmunoebaÁ ese RvTisamieri moipoves, aramed Cuenca, So-
rielT amaT mkvidrTa. aha esera, qarTlisaca mkvidrTa aqus sarwmunoeba da
wodebul ars dedad wmidaTa~ (153, 444).
Suasaukuneebis saqarTveloSi mariam RvTismSoblis kultis damkvidreba
TavisTavad moaswavebda Cveni winaprebis erovnuli TviTSegnebis, erovnuli
Rirsebisa da siamayis aRzevebas. aq gadamwyveti sityva Tqva mesiis dedis
wilxvedr qveynad saqrTvelos gamocxadebam. k. kekeliZis mixedviT, azri imis
Sesaxeb, rom qarTli mariam RvTismSoblis wilxvdomilia, Casaxulia me-9
saukuneSi (80, 81). mecnierisTvis amosaval punqts warmoadgens ìlarion
qarTvelis cxovreba~. z. gamsaxurdias mosazrebiT, saqarTvelos RvTismSob-
lisTvis wilxvdomilobis ideis gamoZaxils me-7 saukunis Zeglis `svimeon
mesvetis~ cxovrebaSi vxvdebiT: àm ZeglSi suliwmida gvevlineba saqarTve-
los mfarvelad, suliwmidis miwieri gamocxadeba ki RvTismSobelia~ (44, 75).
cnobilia, rom pirvelqristianTa da eklesiis mamaTa gagebiT, RvTismSobeli
aris suliwmidis miwieri gamocxadeba.
mariam RvTismSoblisTvis saqarTvelos wilxvdomilobis idea araerT
nawarmoebSia dadasturebuli. XII saukunis `ninos cxovrebis” arsen beriseul
metafrasul redaqciaSi vkiTxulobT, rom RvTismSoblis xatis winaSe
mlocvel ninos gamoecxada yovladwminda RvTismSobeli da moaxsena: àha
esera wargavlineb Sen qadagad naTesavTa mimarT ucxoTa, nawilsa Cemsa
queyanasa Crdilosasa, erisa mimarT qarTvelTasa, warved simxniT da uSiSad
da uqadage WeSmariteba~ (167, 16).
21
es ideaa win wamoweuli himnograf arsen bulmaisimis Zis himnografiul
nawarmoebSi `galobani wmidisa mociqulisa ninoÁsi~. himnografi muxlmoyriT
evedreba macxovris dedas, raTa ixsnas, gadaarCinos da acocxlos misi
wilxvdomili qarTveli eri:
`sacTurTaÁT xsnilni Sen mier, RmrTismSobelo,
wilad xudomilni Senni qarTvelTa erni,
ninos Rirsis mier qadagebiTa
vxmobT Senda momarT, macxovrebao
Cueno, guacxovnen, qristes RmrTisa dedao~ (135, 327).
r. siraZem wminda ninos cxovrebis amsaxveli Txzulebebis saxismetyvele-
biTi aspeqtebis Seswavlis safuZvelze daaskvna: `nino mayvlis buCqSi migvani-
Snebs, rom RvTismSobelia misi Semfarveli, misi sulieri sadguri~ (131, 107).
aseve aRniSnavs imasac, rom wminda nino RvTismSoblis monacvlea saqarTve-
loSi.
qarTul mwerlobaSi deda RvTisas kulti gansakuTrebiT me-10 saukunidan
iCens Tavs. es, albaT, imanac ganapiroba, rom swored am droidan miiRo
Camoyalibebuli sistemis saxe saqarTvelos mariam RvTismSoblisaTvis
wilxvdomilobis ideam, razec zemoT iyo saubari, Tumca VI saukunidan moki-
debuli dedoflis saxe qarTuli mwerlobis STagonebis Tavankara wyaros
warmoadgens. am mxriv metad sainteresoa Sio mRvimelis (VIs.) òxiTaÁ~, rome-
lic RvTismSoblisadmi aRvlenili didebuli himnia. avtoris TqmiT, kurTxe-
ulia yovladwminda RvTismSobeli, dedofali mariami, romlis mier qristes-
Tvis xorcieli bunebis miniWebiT codvisagan ganTavisufldnen adamianebi da
eziarnen angelozebs, daibrunes samoTxe. Sio mRvimeli evedreba uflis de-
das (`dedao naTlisao~), raTa nu moaklebs Tavis meoxebas samebis winaSe:
`Sen gevedrebiT dedao naTlisao didebuli, naTlismcemlisa iovaneis Tana
didebulisa, meoxebaD nu dascxrebi winaSe samebisa wmindisa CvenTvis,
romelo _ ese viTxovT Sengan wyalobasa!~ (153, 244).
`galobanis~ rigiT mecxre sagaloblis Tema RvTismSoblis mier mesiis sa-
galobelia, vinaidan qristem swored is airCia mSoblad dedaTa Soris. ro-
gorc samecniero literaturaSia SeniSnuli, mecxre sagaloblis saxelwode-
baSi _ àdidebdiTsa” _ miniSnebulia axali aRTqmis Semdegi epizodi, rome-
22
lic ase iwyeba: `da Tqua mariam: adidebs suli Cemi ufalsa da ganixara sul-
man Cemman RmrTisa mimarT macxovrisa Cemisa~... (luk, 7, 46-55). amasTanave, sa-
gangebo aRniSvnis Rirsia is faqti, rom Zvel qarTul leqsikur fondSi
mkvidrdeba termini `RvTismSoblisani”. am cnebiT aRiniSneboda uflis dedi-
sadmi miZRvnili damoukidebeli sagalobeli, romelic momdinareobda mecxre
galobaSi mocemuli Temidan.
RvTismSoblis Temas sasuliero poeziaSi udidesi adgili UuWiravs.
RvTismSoblis wilxvdomilobis idea, romelic Seisisxlxorca qarTulma
sulma, Caido ra eris genetikur kodSi, cxadia, airekla qarTul mwerlobaSi.
cnobilia, rom RvTismSoblisadmi miZRvnili sagaloblebi sxvadasxva
xasiaTisaa. isini iyofa or ZiriTad jgufad: RvTismSoblis sadidebeli
sagaloblebi, romelsac `RvTismSoblis daujdomeli~ daedo safuZvlad da
vedrebis ciklis sagaloblebi.
saerTod, RvTismSoblisaÁ, rogorc berZnul, ise qarTul himnografiaSi,
ramdenime mniSvnelobiT ixmareba: 1. RvTismSoblisaÁ ewodeba mTel galobas,
romelic dawerilia RvTismSoblis saxelze da sruldeba mis dResaswauleb-
ze; 2. RvTismSoblisaÁ ewodeba kanonis mecxre galobas, romelic agreTve
RvTismSoblis Sesxmaa, Tumca mTliani kanoni SeiZleba eZRvnebodes sxva dRe-
saswauls, an romelime wmindans; 3. es saxeli ewodeba erTtropian Sesxmas,
romelic sruldeba yoveli galobis Semdeg galobisave Zlispirze.
xSirad xelnawerebSi `RvTismSoblisaÁ~ bolomde arc kia xolme
warmodgenili, aramed mxolod dasawyisi sityvebia motanili. es umetesad
maSin xdeba, roca sagaloblis avtors ar ekuTvnis galobis bolo tropari
_ `RvTismSoblisaÁ~.
Cven mier mimoxiluli epoqis himnografebTan gansakuTrebul yuradRebas
iqcevs RvTismSoblis aRmniSvneli saxe-simboloebi, romlebsac isini iyeneben
dedoflis sadideblad da Sesamkobad. am saxeTa gamoyeneba avtorTa ideur-
msoflmxedvelobriv mrwamss migvaniSnebs. unda iTqvas, rom sagaloblebSi
yoveli simbolo mizandasaxuladaa moxmobili, TiToeuls Tavisi Teologi-
uri da mxatvruli funqcia akisria.
yovel simbolur saxes bibliur-evangeluri da patristikuli safuZveli
aqvs. simbolur-alegoriuli gamoxatva gaxda erT-erTi mTavari mxatvrul-ga-
23
momsaxvelobiTi saSualeba qristianobis mier winaqristianuli kulturuli
memkvidreobis gamoyenebisa.
qarTul samyaroSi igi kargad gamovlinda mzisa da vazis simbolikaSi,
romelTa ganviTarebasac warmarTuli kulti da warmodgenebi daedo safuZ-
vlad, xolo qristianuli kultis gavrcelebam da ganviTarebam mas
qristianuli xasiaTi SesZina, anu moxda warmarTuli kultis desakralizeba.
himnografia im saxelebs mimarTavs uflisa da RvTismSoblis gamosaxata-
vad, romlebic winaswarmetyvelTa, mociqulTa, RvTismetyvelTa SromebSia
ganmartebuli. RvTismetyveleba mistiuria, saRvTo saidumloa masSi Cadebu-
li. himnografia cdilobs saidumlos gacxadebas sityviT. amitomacaa igi ase
mdidari simboloebiT.
himnografiaSi RvTismSoblis saxe-simboloebi marTlac rom gamorCeulia
siuxviTa da mravalferovnebiT. Tu RvTisa da wmindanebisadmi miZRvnil
sagaloblebSi wina planze RvTismetyvelebiTi gaazrebaa wamoweuli da maTi
kvleva ufro am aspeqtiTaa gansazRvruli, RvTismSoblis sagaloblebi
yuradRebas metaforuli azrovnebiTa da tropuli metyvelebiTac iqcevs,
rac sabolood esTetikur gancdas aRZravs msmenelSi. maTSi saocari
sicxadiT TvalsaCinovdeba simbolur-alegoriuli azrovneba da sulieri
sisadave, romelTa Serwyma adamianis sulier mzeras warmarTavs zeSTasof-
lisaken, romlis dabrunebac kacobriobam yovladwmida RvTismSoblis meoxe-
biT SeZlo.
himnografs SeuZlia nebismieri hipodigmuri Tu paradigmuli monacemis ga-
moyenebiT SearCios simbolo-alegoria, mxatvruli xerxi, asociacia da saxe-
Ta paralelizmi, raTa sakuTari ganwyoba, emocia miitanos msmenelamde. Tum-
ca, am simboloebis miRma uzarmazari informacia ganiWvriteba, romelic li-
turgikuli cnobierebis mqone Semoqmedsa da aRmqmels moiTxovs. RvTismSob-
lis saxe-simboloebis gaazreba SeuZlebelia Zveli aRTqmis movlenebis ga-
uTvaliswineblad, radgan Zveli aRTqma iyo molodini qristesi da Tavisi
simbolo alegoriebiT mianiSnebda axal aRTqmaze, is iyo winasaxe axali
epoqis movlenebisa da pirovnebebisa. wmida mamaTa mier araerTgzisaa aR-
niSnuli, rom Zvel aRTqmaSi igavurad aris miniSnebuli axali aRTqmis mov-
lenebze. es hipodigmur-paradigmuli monacemebi, rogorc paraleluri saxeebi
24
Zveli da axali aRTqmidan, erTmaneTs himnografiaSi Seerwya. imavdroulad,
RvTismSoblisadmi miZRvnili sagaloblebi gamorCeulia fsalmunuri
poeturi metyvelebiTac.
25
nawili II
1. RvTismSoblis maradqalwulobis aRmniSvneli saxe-simboloebi
saerTod, RvTismSoblis Temas sasuliero poeziaSi udidesi adgili uWi-

ravs. saxe-simboloTa upirvelesi daniSnuleba qalwul mariamis mier qris-
tes amqveynad movlinebaze miniSneba iyo, ris gamoc saxe-simboloTa udidesi
nawili am movlenis winaswar momaswaveblad warmogvidga. amasTan, Zvel aR-
TqmaSi daculi winasaxeebis axsna mxolod axali aRTqmis meSveobiTaa SesaZ-
lebeli. amitomac Zveli aRTqmis hipodigmebs axal aRTqmaSi paradigmuli
mniSvneloba eniWeba.
TeologiaSi miRebuli Tvalsazrisis Tanaxmad, ufalma qalwuli mariami
winaswar gamoarCia kacTa modgmis gadarCenisaTvis: `xolo ukanaჲskneli ese
JamiTa da upiratesi madliTa naSobi mamaTmTavarTa winawarmetyuelTaჲ qal-
wuli daRacaTu aRsasrulsa JamTasa, aramed jerovansave da pirvel gansaz-
Rvrebulsa Jamsa ganikuTna igi RmerTman, raJams igi jer-iCina gardamoslvaჲ
Zisa mxolodSobilisaჲ~, _ ganmartavs wmida ioane damaskeli (166, 153). maSin,
roca codviT dacemuli pirveli adamianebi marTlmsajulebis mkacr
ganaCens elodnen, yovladmowyale RmerTma maT wmida qalwulisagan
mxsnelis movlineba aRuTqva. `Tesli dedakacisaჲ Semusravs Tavsa Sensa~, _
am sityvebiT mimarTa ufalma gvels. es iyo misi pirveli aRTqma adamian-
Tadmi, romelic man araerTxel gaimeora, raTa dapirebuli mxsnelis
movlinebisaTvis moemzadebina kacTa modgma.
gadioda saukuneebi, icvleboda samyaro, adamianebi, tradiciebi... magram
uryevi rCeboda yovladwmida qalwulisagan mxsnelis movlinebis rwmena.
marTlac, aRsrulda yvela winaswarmetyveleba, Zveli aRTqmis aCrdili
gaqra da samyaros moevlina mesia, romelmac kacobrioba sakuTar, pirvandel
samSobloSi _ RvTis wiaRSi _ daabruna. es kosmiuri mniSvnelobis movlena
ki Zveli aRTqmis mravalma winaswarmetyvelma gagvicxada, maT Soris didma
winaswarmetyvelebma: esaiam, ezekielma, danielma.
winaswarmetyvelTagan yvelaze ufro cxadad esaiam iwinaswarmetyvela
mesiaze _ macxovarze, amitom mas Zveli aRTqmis maxarebels uwodeben.
26
esaiasgan naTqvami iqna qalwulisagan macxovris muclad-Reba: àha,
qalwulman muclad-iRos da Sves Ze da uwodon saxeli misi emmanuil~ (es. 7,
14). esaias wignSi kidev ramdenime adgilas vxvdebiT winauwyebas qalwul ma-
riamze: `da Tqva ufalman Cemdamo: miiRe Sendad gragnili qartisa axlisa da
dawere mas zeda sawereliTa kacisaTa maliad qmnaÁ iavarsa natyuenavTasa,
rameTu mowevnul ars~ (es. 8, 1); `da mislva-vyav winaswarmetyvelisa mimarT,
da muclad iRo da Sva Ze da Tqua ufalman Cemdamo: uwode saxeli misi:
maliad warmotyuene, mswrafl iavar-hyav~ (es. 8, 3).
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis swavlebis Tanaxmad, qalwuli mariami,
suliwmidis gardamosvlis Semdeg, Seiqna yovladwmidad, zebunebrivad wmi-
dad. igema ra moWarbebulad es RvTaebrivi madli, qalwuli sruliad gane-
Sora xorciel sitkboebas da ubiwo da RvTismosavi cxovrebiT Tavisi Tavi
RmrTis WurWlad moamzada.
ioane damaskeli brZanebs: `qalwuloba aris angelozTa moRvaweoba da
yvela usxeulo bunebis Tviseba... TviT qriste aris dideba qalwulobisa,
radgan ara mxolod mamisgan iSva igi dausabamod, warudineblad da Seuwyvi-
leblad, aramed maSinac, rodesac Cvenebr adamianic gaxda igi, Cvenze aR-
matebulad, SeuRlebis gareSe gansxeulda qalwulisgan da TviTve Tavis
TavSi WeSmariti da sruli qalwuloba gamoavlina. amitom, Tumca mas Cven-
Tvis qalwuloba rjulad ar daudia, radgan, missive Tqmisebr, àra yovelTa
daition sityuaÁ ege~ (maT. 19, 11), magram saqmiT gvaswavla igi~ (174, 459).
mariam RvTismSoblis mimarT gamoyenebul simboloTa mTavari daniSnule-
ba qalwulis ubiwoebis, misgan gankacebuli RvTis movlinebis warmoCenaa,
rasac araerTxel adasturebs rogorc wmida werili, aseve saeklesio da
zepiri gadmocemebi. RvTismSoblis, rogorc axali aRTqmis persona-
JisGwinasaxed Zveli aRTqmis araerTi simboloa miCneuli. Aamis gamosaxata-
vad himnografebi xSirad mimarTaven saxeTa paralelizmis princips, rogorc
erT-erT saukeTeso saSualebas RvTismSoblis saxis warmosaCenad.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom yvelaze meti simbolo RvTismSoblis qalwulad
warmoCenas eZRvneba, saamisod uamravi saintereso da originaluri saxea
moxmobili, romelTa Ziri Zvel aRTqmaSia saZiebeli.
27
am mxriv gavrcelebuli epiTetebia: daxSuli bWe, dauTesveli qveyana,
dabeWduli wyaro, sami yrma, caTa uzeSTaesi, qerubinTa uzeSTaesi, ubiwo
deda, ubiwo sZali, ubiwo qalwuli, usZlo sZali, usZlo qalwuli, usZlo
deda, uqorwinebeli sZali, uqorwinebeli qalwuli, dedofali, qalbatoni,
ubiwo dedofali, zecisa sZali, uqorwinebeli dedofali, uxrwneli
dedofali, caTa uzeSTaesi, samoTxe, zecis ierusalimi, qerubinTa mobaZavi,
bunebis wesis Semcvleli, ori bunebis mSobeli;
usZlo sZali, usZlo qalwuli, usZlo deda, uqorwinebeli sZali,
uqorwinebeli qalwuli _ maRal esTetikur gancdasTan erTad RvTismSob-
lis ubiwoebis, maradqalwulobis gamomxatvelia: qalwul mariamis ubereb-
lobisa da maradis qalwulobis saRvTo saidumlosac gvamcnoben: `Cem TÂs
daadgra qalwoÂlisa saSosa meore mizezi yovelTa mizezTaÁ~... (72, 11); àha,
qalwuli mioÂdges da Sves ZÀ enmanoÂvel aw ixareben~...; (72, 48). `qalwoÂlman
Sva ZeÁ, boÂnebiT swori mamisaÁ, romelman Secvala wyevaÁ kacTaÁ koÂrTxevad
da mogoÂca ukudavebaÁ~... (72, 50); `taZrisagan sameufoÁsa RmrTisa sadgurisa
da kidobnisa misgan siwmidisa, romlisa sikeTeÁ sTnda meufesa pirvel
gamosaxulisa RmrTis mgalobelTagan. dRes gamovida RmerTi gankacebuli.
umTavrÀsi yovelTa mTavrobaTaÁ. saSoÁsagan usZloÁsa qalwulisa~ (72, 83);
ìxarebd qalaqo siono. ganscxrebode da galobd. ierusalÀm. beTlemo
ganemzade. rameTu varskulavi aw gamovals uwyebad Senda Sobasa qristÀs
RmrTisasa qalwulisagan sZlisa usZloÁsa~ (72, 67); ùqorwinebelo
qalwulo, Sen mier ixilva dRes ÃorciTa: viTarca kaci da ganaRmrTo
sruliad bunebaÁ kacTaÁ: da mosavTa TÂsTa Semwed giwoda Sen mTiT
samxriT~ (72, 62); `dasabamad qmna RmerTman: cani da queyanaÁ sibrZniTa
gamouTqmeliTa: xolo aqa saSosa Sina usZloÁsa dedisasa Seimosa dasabami:
adamis xatisa TÂsisaÁ~ (72, 139); ùTeslod muclad iRe da hSev ZeÁ
uxilavisa mamisaÁ~... (73, 58); `fesuTa maTgan oqrovanTa Semkuli xar Sen,
qalwulo...~ (73, 365); `gangebulebaÁ yoveli aRasrula RmerTman da Zeman
Senman, yovlad uxrwnelo, raJams miiRo bunebaÁ kacobrivi da qalwuladve
dagicva ganuxrwnelad RmrTisa dedao, qalwulo ubiwoo~ (152, 161).
qalwuli. qalwulisagan mesiis, mxsnelis Sobis winaswarmetyvelebas
safuZveli esaiasTan daedo: àmisTÂs TÂT ufalman mogces saswauli Tquen.
28
aha, qalwulman muclad iRos da Sves Ze da uwodon saxeli misi emmanuil~
(es. 7, 14). am winaswarmetyvelebas, romelic maTes saxarebaSic TiTqmis
sityvasityviT meordeba, himnografTa SemoqmedebaSic vxvdebiT:
èsaiaman, romelman nakuercxali
bageTa misgan Seaxo serabinman,
èse ra Sobad qalwuli miudges~, Tqva
lamprebr mnaTobi RamisaTaÁ, uxrwnelo,
oxriT yurisa mimarT morwmuneTaÁsa~ (135, 303);
èsera gamovida sityuaÁ dausabamoÁ ÃorcT Sesxmuli bWisa misgan
daÃSulisa, qalwulisa saSoÁsagan, romeli ixila pirvel Ezekiel
winaÁswarmetyuelman da bWeÁ igi hgies yovlad ganuRebelad. ubiwoÁ beWedi
qalwulebisaÁ, rameTu Sobili igi RmerT ars WeSmaritad da mSobeli misi
RmrTis mSobelad, yovlad wmidaÁ qalwuli, Semdgomad Sobisa Zisa da
yovelTa RmrTisa~ (72, 86).
andria kriteli Tavis sakiTxavSi `SobisaTÂs RmrTismSoblisa~ qalwule-
bis arsis ganmartebisas miuTiTebs, es movlena transcedenturi, RvTaebrivi
saidumloa, misteriaa, romlis ganWvreta martooden gonebiT SeuZlebelia,
mas rwmeniT aRqma esaWiroeba: `berwTagan aRmogÂcena qalwuli ubiwoÁ, ro-
melman damkÂdrebaÁ jer-iCina saSosa missa sakÂrvelad da Semdgomad Sobisa
daicva qalwulad~ (47, 144).
himnografebi Tavisi mxatvruli enisa da dauSreteli fantaziis
wyalobiT kargad axerxeben wminda mariamis qalwulobis Cvenebas da
Cvenamdec imgvari gancdiT moaqvT, rom SeuZlebelia ar gaxde moziare maTi
didebisa. Tqmulis dasadastureblad da naTelsayofad movitanT ramdenime
magaliTs maTi Semoqmedebidan:
`da iSva dedisagan ÃorciTa umamod~ (73, 49);
èmanovel Cuen Tana RmerTi, iSva... qalwulisagan ÃorciTa da mSobeli
TÂsi daicva qalwuladve~ (73, 73).
`dasTaebr gigalobT... otebulTa Sen mier, qalwulo, zesTa kurTxeulo!..~
`qalwulo ubiwoo!.. uZlurTa Seirtyes Sen mier Zali!..~
ìÃsen cxovrebaÁ Cemi, RmrTisa dedao~ (73, 192);
29
`sibrZneman RmrTisaman ineba gardamosvlaÁ zeciT queynad, jer-iCina
damkÂdrebaÁ saSosa qalwulisa ubiwoÁsasa da misgan xorciel iqmna~ (74,
195);
`qalwulo da dedao qristeso~ (73, 149);
`...gixaroden qalwulo ubiwoo~ (73, 253);
ùmamakacod Zisa mSobeli da kualad qalwuli
viTar-ese aw Sengan vixileT sZaloo,
yrmaÁ iSva Sengan RmerTi da qalwulad hgie maradis~ (73, 205);
`qalwulma uTeslod muclad iRe... da gviSev angelozTa Semoqmedi da
Semdgomad Sobisa qalwuladve hgie, amisTvisca Rirsad gadideben”;
`gixaroden qalwulo siqadulo... qalwulo ubiwoo, Sen didebulo
qalwulo~... (73, 205);
àmisTvis iyo qalwuli
da xorcqmnaÁ sityvisaÁ,
raÁTa dedobrivTa oxaTa mier
cxovnden codvilni~... (49, 200);
`...uxrwnelo qalwulo... gvrwams, viTarmed
pativi xatisa SenisaÁ Sendami
wiaRmovals, RmrTismetyvelTaebr...~ (49, 204);
`qalwuli, didebuli
Zlieri, romelica wmida ars maradis
da wyalobiT momxeda Cuen saSoÁT SeniT~ (72, 65);
ùJamoÁ ZeÁ RmrTisaÁ
aRsasrulsa JamTasa
gankacna qalwulisagan~ (72, 323);
`mwyemsni iRÂZebdiT gonierad da sixaruliT beTlemd mirbiodeT
qalwulisa dRes da maRalTa zÀ RmerTsa uRaRadebdiT, didebaÁ, romelmanca
jer iCina Cuen TÂs gankacebaÁ qalwulisagan, romelsa vadidebT: nisli
codvisa CuenisaÁ ganaqarve, romelica saSoÁsagan qalwulisa gamoxued,
qristÀ~ (72, 74); `dRes beTlemd movals qalwuli muclad Rebuli Sobad
yovelTa RmrTisa...~ (72, 77); `qalwulo, viTar pirvel JamTa Sobili ZeÁ
gitÂrTavs...~ (72, 78); `ganakrZalebda ubiwoÁ qalwuli iosefs da etyoda mas
30
da etyoda mas~... (72, 78); `yrmaÁ iSva dRes qalwulisagan da Zed mogueca Cuen
enmanuvel... qalwulman itÂrTa wiaRiTa da zrdida ubiwod sZiTa, romeli
mzrdeli ars dabadebulTaÁ~ (72, 78); ùqorwinebelo sZalo, Sengan Sobilman
qristeman udidebules gyo Sen yovelTa dabadebulTa zecisa da queyanisaTa,
ÃorciTa raÁ iSva Sengan~ (72, 198); ìxilva ÃorcSemosili, dauTesvelad
aRmocenebuli eklovanisagan queyanisa, qalwulisa saSoÁsa, Suvamdgomeli
orTa bunebaTa SeurwymelTa~ (72, 293); àqa qalwulman Sva Seuwuvelad
cecxli RmrTeebisaÁ ÃorciTa, romelsa agrilobda maRliT cuari
madlisaÁ~ (72, 301); `qalwuli miudga da gÂSva enmanuvel, RmerTi Zlieri,
mTavari saukuneTaÁ, ZeÁ da sityuaÁ maRlisaÁ, sakÂrveli Tanamzraxvali
mamisa da sulisa wmidisaÁ da mSobeli hgies qalwulad saukunod, romelsa
Cuen, morwmuneni, vadidebT aw da ukunisamde~ (72, 303).
ùZveles iadgarSic~ qalwuli ramdenime sxvadasxva epiTetTan erTad
gvxdeba: `qalwulad dadgromili”, `qalwuli”, `qalwuli dedaÁ”, `qalwuli
kurTxeuli”, `qalwuli ubiwoÁ”, `qalwuli Semdgomad Sobisa”, `qalwulebi-
Ta ubiwoÁ”.
sZali bibliuri warmoSobis saxelia. mas pirvelad Zveli aRTqmis qebaTa-
qebaSi vxvdebiT: `yovlad Suenier xar, maxlobelo Cemo da biwi ara ars
SenTana. moved, sZalo, libaniT. moved libaniT~ (qeb. 7-8).
sZali, sxvadasxva epiTetTan erTad, himnografiaSi yvelaze gavrcelebuli
mimarTvaa qalwul mariamisadmi. `sZali usZlo~ _ am SesityvebiT mTavrdeba
RvTismSoblis daujdomlis yoveli muxli. ùsZlo sZals~ xSirad enacvleba
ùsZlo qalwuli~, `zecisa sZali~, ùqorwinebeli sZali~, ùsZlo deda~,
ùbiwo sZali~ da sxva. `saidumloÁ gamouTqmeli dRes beTlems gancxadna,
rameTu sityuaÁ pirvel RvTis mxilvelTaÁ mas Sina iSvebis ÃorciTa
usZloÁsagan qalwulisa~ (72, 83); `Sev Sen mamisagan pirvel saukuneTa
sityuaÁ da kvalad dedisagan uqorwinebelisa sZlisa~ (72, 83); `dRes ixarebs
krebuli winaÁswarmetyuelTaÁ, rameTu aResrulnes Ãmani maTni~... (72, 53);
`gangadida Sen ufalman, romelica daemkÂdra saSosa Sensa~... (72, 59);
`romeli uxilav ars bunebiT RmerTi, uqorwinebelo qalwulo, Sen mier
ixilva dRes xorciTa, viTarca kaci~... (72, 61); `dausabamoÁ dasabamier iqmna
uxrwnelisagan dedisa dRes ÃorciTa~... (72, 65); `suli wmidaÁ movida Senda,
31
qalwulo, da Zali maRliT gfarvida Sen, usZloo, saydrad siwmidisad
gangmzada da dedad uxrwnelebisad Cuen yovelTa gÂCina, amis TÂs RmrTis
mSobelad aRgiarebT Sen~ (72, 66); `RmerTi Cueni... uqorwinebelman gÂSva
xorciTa beTlems~ (72, 68); `ganisuena Sen zeda, sZalo, sulman siwmidisaman~...
(72, 72); ùwmideso qalwulo da ubiwod mSobelo Zisa naTlisa mis, naTelTa
gamomavlinebelisa~ (152, 140); `gixaroden, uqorwinebelo sZalo, dedao
yovelTa Semoqmedisa RmrTisao, rameTu Sen mier moviReT CuÀn yovelTa
naTeli da lxineba da vRaRadebT, rameTu aravin ars wmidaÁ Senebr,
kacTmoyuare~ (152, 195).
mariamis sZloba qristes siZeobis analogiuria. RvTismetyveli mamebi
ieso qristes zeciur siZed miiCneven. tradiciis saTave wmida saxarebaa.
igavebSi – saqorwilo nadimis Sesaxeb (maT. 22, 2-13), meqorwineebis Sesaxeb
(maT. 9, 15), aTi qalwulis Sesaxeb (maT. 25, 1-12) ieso qriste nefed iwodeba,
mis nadimSi miwveulni ki meqorwineebad.
saxarebis nadimi RvTis sasufevelis alegoriaa, RmerTTan SerTvis,
masTan Tanaziarebis saxea, sadac monawileoba yvela msurvels SeuZlia,
vinc Tavisi moRvaweobiT cdilobs RmerTTan mimsgavsebas.
mariamis usZlooba mis zeciur sZlobas gulisxmobs, amitomac igi RvTis
nadimis maradiuli meqorwilea, Tavad xorcieli qorwilis arganmcdeli
uqorwinebeli sZalia, romelsac dedaTa da qalwulTa Soris pirvels ergo
RvTis nadimSi miwveva.
dedofali/qalbatoni. misi es erT-erTi gavrcelebuli epiTeti himnogra-
febs SesaniSnavad SeuTavsebiaT mis uxrwnelebasTan. uxrwneleba is pativia,
romelic ufalma misgan Seqmnil adamians mianiWa, magram `borotebis moTave
eSmakis SemoteviT motyuebulma adamianma ar daicva Semoqmedis mcneba, mad-
lisagan gaSiSvlebiT ganiZarcva man RvTisadmi gulxsniloba~ (174, 104). pir-
vel adamis SecodebiT codva Semovida samyaroSi.
Sobilma mSobeli uxrwnelebis pativiT Semosa, himnografebma ki ùx-
rwnel dedoflad~ Seamkes: `bWesa daxSulsa da mayualsa Seuwvelsa da mTa-
sa lodis mSobelsa, romeli iqmna Tav sakidurTa, gadidebT Sen uxrwnelsa
dedofalsa da qalwulsa, miTxove misgan SendobaÁ romeli hSev wmidaTa
32
uwmidesi~ (72, 62). `dRes aRivso sixaruliTa wmidaÁ dedofali, uqorwinebeli
mariam~ (72, 272).
qalwuli mariami sulieri dedofalia zecisa da queyanisa, igi zeciuri
qorwilis monawile dedofalia, amitomac ùqorwinebeli deda~, ùbiwo
dedaa~: `bunebaTa uzeSTaesman, uaRresman qerobinTaÁsa, mariam usZloman da
uqorwinebelman dedaman aRavsna sixaruliTa angelosni da kacni
evmanuvelis SobiTa da dRes micvalebiTa mis Tana~ (72, 62). ìxarebd ubiwoo
dedao RmrTisao...~ (72, 339); `Sen xar Semwe yovelTa, romelni Senda
moiltvian, wmidao dedofalo RmrTismSobelo qalwulo, meoxebiTa,
mowamisaÁ SenisaTa gÂoxen aRmsTobilTa Sendami, yovlad usZloo, cxorebad,
viTarca xar deda RmrTisa.~ (152, 168); èri wilad xdomili Seni qarTvelni
gaqebT, dedofalo wmidao~... (152, 197); `xrwnilebasa zesTa-eqmen, Ä dedofalo
yovlad wmidao, gaxrwnili ese codvaTa simravliTa da bralTa tÂrTTagan
Tavisufal myav~... (152, 238); ìsmine Cueni vedrebaÁ, dedofalo wmidao, da
gviÃsnen gansacdelTagan, suliT da xorciT Senda Sevedrebulni...~ (152, 241).
mas Semdeg, rac qalwulTa Soris gamorCeuli mariami RvTis deda gaxda,
ukve TavisTavad iqca qalbatonad da mflobelad yvela miwieri da zeciuri
qmnilebisa: `saxeli mariami `qalbatons~ niSnavs (ebraulad _ T. g.). es sit-
yva ki qalwulis Rirsebasac warmoaCens da qalwulebasac amowmebs... Rirse-
bis TvalsazrisiT sxva mizezis gamoc warmoadgens qalwuli qalbatons, _
saxeldobr _ rogorc mTavari yovelTa zeda, rogorc qalwulobaSi mucla-
dmRebeli da RvTiurad mSobi _ bunebisda mixedviT yovlisa soflisa meufi-
sa. da kidev qalbatonia, ara mxolod rogorc Tavisufali monobisagan da
RvTiuri mTavrobis Tanamonawile, aramed, aseve, rogorc kacTa modgmis gan-
Tavisuflebis wyaro da Ziri. da gansakuTrebiT ki Tavisi gamouTqmeli da
sixarulevani Sobis ZaliT~ _ ganmartavs wmida grigol palama (172, 3).
saflavi. iSviaTad magram es saxe mainc gvxvdeba himnografebTan, rogorc
deda uflisas erT-erTi saxe-simbolo: `Sobili RmerTi qalwulisagan qal-
wulman man saflavman gitÂrTa ÃorciTa, macxovar, mÃsnelo Cueno~ (72, 310);
`viTarca Sen mxoloÁ dagicva uxrwnelad, egreTve beWedni saflavisani
dahmarxna aRutexelad, viTarca qalwulebisani ganuryvnelad~ (72, 369);
33
`Sobili RmerTi qalwulisagan qalwulman man saflavman gitÂrTa xorciTa~.
(72, 310);
`saflavman Segiwynara
RmerTi Seuwereli,
naTeli Seuqmneli~ (72, 329);
ùkudavebisa
mflobelo, ÃorciTa mohÃued
da saflavman
Segicva, Seucavo~ (72, 339).
himnografebTan saflavs emateba epiTeti `dabeWduli~, rac aseve wminda
mariamis qalwulobis mimaniSnebelia: `viTar dabeWdulisagan saflavisa uS-
juloTa mier gamoxued samariT, viTarca iSev qalwulisagan~ (72, 315).
ahronis kverTxi. kacobriobis momavals ukavSirdeba, mis ganaxlebasa da
aRorZinebas moaswavebs ahronis kverTxi, romelic RvTis nebiT, aRTqmis
kidobanSi iqna Cadebuli momavali TaobebisaTvis samaxsovrod. ahronis kver-
Txi gamoxatavda RvTismSobels, xolo misgan gamoRebuli yvavili qristes
alegoriul saxes moaswavebda: `kverTxi ahronisi raÁ ganedlda, mogaswaveb-
da Sen uxrwnelsa mas nergsa saRmrTosa, romeli aRmoscendi iesesgan, ubiwo
da gamoiRe Sen yuavilad RmerTi xorcSesxmuli~ (168, 100) _ amgvar
ganmartebas gvTavazobs himnografi. RvTismetyvelebaSi axsnilia ahronis
kverTxis mniSvneloba.
wmida andria kriteli kverTxis simboloze saubrisas xazs usvams mis
Svilierebas, radganac yovladwmida qalwuli qalwulTa Soris erTader-
Tia, romelic Svilier iqmna: `gixaroden, kuerTxo, RmrTiv dargulo nergo,
mxoloo yovelTa qalwulTa Soris Sviliero, romelman TÂnier Teslisa aR-
moacene Ze yovelTa RmerTi da mRdelTmTavari~ (166, 109).
gavixsenoT ahronis kverTxis istoria Zveli aRTqmidan, romelic
moTxrobilia ricxuTa wignis me-17 TavSi. roca udabnoSi mogzaurobis
dros israelianebs Soris atyda dava mRvdlobaze, RvTis brZanebiT, mosem
gamoucxada xalxs, TiToeul toms moetana TiTo kverTxi (joxi) TavianTi
saxelebis zedwarweriT. joxebi daawyves moZrav taZarSi. visi joxic
ganedldeboda, is iqneboda RvTisgan rCeuli. meore diliT: `Sevides mose da
34
ahron karvad sawamebelisa. da, aha, esera, kuerTxi igi ahronisi ganedlebul
iyo saxlsa zeda levissa, da moeRo furceli, da gamoeRo yuavili da
gamosca nigozi~ (ricx. 17, 8).
saRvTismetyvelo swavlebiT, àhronis ayvavebuli kverTxi warmoadgenda
pirvel saxes: a) ieso qristes uTeslod, uqorwinebeli mariam RvTismSobli-
sagan xorcielad dabadebisa; b) qristes sxeulebrivi uxrwnelebisa; g) qris-
tes eklesiis aRmdgeneli da gamaZlierebeli madlisa~ (91, 387). ase rom, ah-
ronis kverTxis ganedleba simbolurad kacobriobis ganaxlebaze mianiS-
nebs, rac qristes meoxebiT gaxda SesaZlebeli.
aRsaniSnavia, rom bibliuri samyaro amave dros icnobs moses kverTxsac,
romliTac winaswarmetyvelma udabnoSi myof ebraelebs kldidan wyali
aRmoucena. RvTismetyvelebaSi moses kverTxis saxeSi mariam RvTismSobels
moiazreben, kldidan gamosuli wyali ki macxovris winasaxedaa miCneuli. mo-
ses kverTxi aseve jvris erT-erT hipodigmadac iTvleba. kverTxis simbolos
mravalfunqciuroba adeqvaturad aisaxa sasuliero poeziaSic: 1) ahronis
kverTxi winasaxea macxovrisa: `kuerTxi ieses Zirisagan aRmogvicendi Sen
qriste~ (168, 40); 2) moses kverTxi jvris hipodigmaa: `saswaulTa moqmedi
kuerTxi mosesi saxe iyo Zelisa mis juarisa cxovelisa, romelman SeaZrwuna
eSmaki da jojoxeTi~ (73, 149); 3) kverTxi mariam RvTismSoblis winasaxea:
`daviTis ZirTagan aRmoscendi kuerTxi sufevisaÁ, qalwulo~ (109, 327).
xSirad himnografebi mariam RvTismSobels mxolod kverTxad moixsenie-
ben, rasac aseve qalwulis daviTis tomisagan warmomavlobis gaxsenebac
mohyveba. es gvafiqrebinebs, rom kverTxis saxeSi aqac ahronis ganedlebuli
kverTxi unda vigulisxmoT, romlisagan gamoRebulma yvavilma surnel-yo
mTeli samyaro.
kverTxis saxismetyveleba kacobriobis ganaxlebis ideiTaa nasazrdoebi.
bibliuri wignebidan aRmocenebuli es idea cxovelmyofel xasiaTs iZens
himnografiaSi, sadac Teologiur WeSmaritebasTan Sezavebuli mxatvruli
sityviT araerTxel aris warmoCenili pirvel adamianTa Secodebis simZime.
samoTxis dakargviT wuTisofelSi Semosul codvas genetiurad atarebs kac-
Ta modgma, radgan RvTis urCobiT uxrwnelebis samoseli SemoeZarcva ara
mxolod adamsa da evas, aramed mTel maT STamomavlobas. yovladmowyale
35
RmerTma sibneleSi myof kacobriobas mxsnelis movlineba jer kidev samo-
TxeSive amcno: `da mteroba davdva Soris Sensa da Soris dedakacisa, da So-
ris Teslisa Senisa da Soris Teslisa misisa. igi Sensa umzirdes Tavsa da
Sen umzirde missa brWalsa~ (Ses. 3, 158). saukuneebis Semdeg ki qalwulisagan
Sobilma RvTis Zem, Tavad ucodvelma, ivno codvilTaTvis, raTa `Seicvalos
kacebaÁ igi queyaniT ganxrwnili dausabamosa mas uxrwnelebasa~ (143, 196).
amdenad, ganaxlebuli kacobriobis pirvelsaxe macxovaria, ris gamoc igi
himnografiaSi àxal adamad~, àdam meored~ iqna aRqmuli, misi mSobeli
qalwuli ki _ àxal~ anu `meore evad~(amaze konkretulad vsaubrobT Sesaba-
mis qveTavSi _ T. g.): `... RmrTisa dedao, Rirsad sanatrelo wmida dedofa-
lo, naSobo adam pirvelisao, da dedao adam meorisao...~ (109, 835). codvisagan
gaTavisufleba anu Zveli kacis qristesTan erTad jvarcma wmida weriliseu-
li ideaa: èse uwyiT rameTu Zueli igi kaci Cueni mis Tana juars ecua, raÁ-
Ta ganqardes Ãorci igi codvilisaÁ~ (rom. 8, 6-6). Zveli kacis axliT Semo-
svas ki himnografebi mariam RvTismSobels umadlian: `bunebaÁ kacTaÁ pir-
vel codvisagan ganxrwnili ganaxlda Sen mier, RmrTismSobelo, rameTu Sen
mxoloman uSev kacTa macxovari yovelTaÁ~... (109, 659).
codviT dacemuli adamianis pirvelsawyisTan dabruneba qristianuli re-
ligiis umTavresi mizania. swored amisTvis Seisxa xorci macxovarma da aqe-
danve iRebs saTaves kacobriobis ganaxlebis idea. sagalobelTa Semqmnelebi,
romelTa msoflmxedvelobas bibliuri azrovneba asazrdoebs, yvelaze aqtu-
alurad adamianis arsebobisa da misi srulyofilebis sakiTxs miiCneven,
rac, bunebrivia, gansakuTrebul Rirebulebas hmatebs sagalobelTa Temati-
kas, amdidrebs mas zogadsakacobrio ideebiTa da, amave dros, warmoaCens
sagalobelTa Semqmnelebis mizansac, romlis arsic adamianTa sasufevelSi
damkvidrebaa.
daÃSuli bWe. miTologiuri warmodgenebis Tanaxmad, Secnobisa da flo-
bis erT-erT universalur simbolod iqca karibWe, romelsac saxeobrivi
datvirTva aqvs saxarebaSi: `me var kari, Cem mier Tu vinme Sevides cxondes~
(ioan. 19, 7-10). aqedan gamomdinare, marTlmadideblur taZarSi gansakuTrebu-
li mniSvneloba eniWeba aRsavlis kars, romelic sakurTxevlis simbolikis
Tanaxmad, zeciuri sasufevlis karibWes warmoadgens.
36
karis (karibWis) simboluri diapazoni sakmaod vrcelia sxvadasxva eTno-
kulturebSi. UuZvelesi warmodgenebiT, swored karibWis meSveobiT xdeboda
erTi samyarodan meoreSi gadaadgileba, anu amqveyniuri cxovrebidan miRmur
samyaroSi aRmoCena. `sakraluri karis araTu uneblie gaReba, aramed miaxlo-
vebac ki sabediswero xdeboda maTTvis, vinc winaswar ar iyo saTanadod mom-
zadebuli am qmedebisaTvis~. (4, 100).
bibliuri Sexeduleba daxSul bWeze ezekiel winaswarmetyvelis xilvas
daukavSirda: `da momaqcia me gzisa mimarT bWisa wmidaTaÁsa gareSisa, rome-
li hxedavs aRmosavalTa mimarT, da igi iyo daÃSuli da Tqua Cemdamo
ufalman: bWe ese daÃSul iyos, ara ganeRos da arca erTi vinme ganvides mis
mier, rameTu ufali RmerTi israilisaÁ Sevides mis mier, da iyos daÃSul~
(ezek. 22, 1-2). eklesiis didi mama, wmida ioane oqropiri, am simbolos Semdeg-
nairad ganmartavs: `da ezekiel daÃSuli bWÀ ixila, romeli aravin gavlo,
garna RmerTman, da daÃSulive hgies~ (125, 159), e.i. daxSuli bWe qalwul
mariams moaswavebda, romelic Sobis Semdegac qalwulad darCa, iseve,
rogorc bWe darCa daxSulad RvTis gamosvlis Semdeg. amdenad, daxSuli bWe
mariam RvTismSoblis erT-erTi hipodigmaa. saRvTo movlenaTa ganmadidebel
himnografebs qalwulisagan macxovris xorcielad Sobis saidumlos gad-
mosacemad araerTxel miumarTavT am simbolosTvisac: èsera gamovida sit-
yuaÁ dausabamoÁ: ÃorcSesxmuli bWisa misgan daÃSulisa qalwulisa saSo-
Ásagan, romeli ixila pirvel ezekiel winaswarmetyuelman da bWeÁ igi hgies
yovlad ganuRebelad~ (72, 86); `viTarca bWesa daxSulsa... gevedrebiT Sen~.
(72, 62) daÃSuli bWisgan, anu mariamisgan gamosuli macxovari aris “sruli
RmerTi da sruli adamiani, WeSmariti RmerTi da WeSmariti adamiani _ igive
sxeulisa da gonieri sulisagan” (121, 125), amitomac daxSuli bWe
himnografTa qebis xSiri obieqtia: `gixaroden bWeo aRmosavalisao daÃSu-
lo~ (72, 492). TeologTa SexedulebiT, daxSuli bWe, amave dros, sasufevel-
Si Sesvlis saSualebadacaa aRqmuli, radganac sasufevlis kari misgan gamo-
sulma macxovarma gauRo adamianebs. himnografTa yuradRebis miRma, bunebri-
via, arc es movlena darCenila. `nevmirebul ZlispirnSi~ mariam
RvTismSobeli `zesknels caTa bWedaa~ wodebuli: `gixaroden, mariam Rirso
bWeo zesknels caTao...~ (109, 831). qalwuli mariami `zesknels caTa bWe~ anu
37
sasufevlis saxea, romelic, qristianuli gagebiT, adamianTa saboloo sam-
kvidreblad, anu maradiuli sicocxlis adgiladaa miCneuli.
dakrZaluli taZari. `daxSuli bWisagan~ gamosuli macxovari himnografs
`taZrisagan dakrZalulisa~ gamosuladac aRuqvams da qalwulis qeba ase
gadmoucia: `taZrisa dakrZalulisagan da yolad Seuvalisa kacTa mier ga-
movida kaci sruli gemovnebiTa sityuaÁ RmrTisaÁ gankacebuli da viTarca
Seslvasa araÁ ganeRo, agreTve gamoslvasa araÁ agrZna dedobrivman buneba-
man, da arca qalwulebaman, rameTu hfarvida mas zeciT Zali maRlisaÁ da aw
aqus madli oxebad winaSe RmrTisa sulTa CuenTaTÂs~ (73, 182).
`dakrZaluli taZari~ RvTismSoblis ubiwoebas gamoxatavs, rac suliwmi-
dis madliT ganxorcielda. suliwmidam qalwuli ganwmida, ris Semdegac igi
Seiqna siwmidemimadlebul, sulTmofenil, RmrTeebriv qalwulad. am
evangelur swavlebaze dayrdnobiT wmida giorgisadmi miZRvnil erT-erT
sagalobelSi ioane minCxi qalwul mariams `sulier saydrad~ moixseniebs:
`sulman wmidaman aRaSena saydari RmrTisa sityÂsaÁ sulieri queyanasa
zeda~ (73, 340).
dauTesveli queyana. RvTismSoblis pirvel ipodigmad Sesaqmiseuli miwa
unda miviCnioT. bibliis dasawyisSi, moses mier samyaros Seqmnis Txrobisas,
wmida eklesia da RvTivganbrZobili mamebi qalwul mariamze miTiTebas po-
uloben pirvelyofil, qalwulebriv miwaSi. es miwa, marTalia, ar iyo damu-
Savebuli adamianis xeliT da morwyuli wvimiT, magram miuxedavad amisa, aR-
mogvicena gasaocari nairgvaroba balaxebisa da xeebisa, da misganvea Seqmni-
li TviT sxeuli adamianisa. `rogorc pirvelSeqmnilma adamma, _ ambobs wmi-
da irineos lioneli _ miiRo sxeulis Semadgenloba sufTa, jer kidev qal-
wulebrivi miwisagan da gamoisaxa RvTis xeliT, amgvaradve, RvTis sityviT,
RmerTis sityvis xorcSesxmisas _ ganmeorda igive. sityva – RmerTma, axalma
adamma, keTil ineba da daibada mariamisagan, romelic aris qalwuli~ (65,
20). rogorc am daumuSavebelma miwam gamoiRo nayofi sakvirveli, momniWebe-
li ukvdavebisa, aseve qalwulma uTeslod Sva RmerTkaci. cisa da miwis sas-
wauli qebis umTavres sagnad iqca sasuliero poeziaSi, RmerTkacis mSobeli
qalwuli ki `dauTesvel queyanad~ iqna wodebuli, rasac araerTxel imeore-
ben himnografebi: `dauTesvelsa queyanasa nayofi ukudavebisaÁ aRmocenebu-
38
li~ (72, 399) da romlis naTel ganmartebasac ioane damaskeli gvaZlevs:
`qveynad saxel-edebis, rameTu TÂnier Teslisa nayofad gamoiRo gamomzrde-
li yovelTaÁ~ (166, 105). `dauTesveli queyanaÁs~ analogiiTaa miRebuli
`dauTesveli yana~, romelsac `dauTesveli Rele~, `saRmrTo Rele~ an
,,siwmidis qveyana~ enacvleba: `gadidebT da gakurTxebT da vaqebT saxelsa
Sensa, dauTesveli yanaÁ, aRmomaceneblad ifqlisa~ (73, 205); `viTarmed
gxadodiT Sen, mariam, ... Reled saRmrTod~ (73, 227); àha esera queyanisa
misgan siwmidis aRmoscenda dauTesvelad sazrdeli sulieri da
sameufoÁsagan venaÃisa movisTuleT tevani~ (73, 89). ifqli da xorbali wmin-
danTa gamomxatveli saxeebia, romlebic bibliur-patristikul mwerlobaSi
saxarebidan Semovida. uflis mier Tavis saunjeSi maT erTad Sekrebaze ki
maTes saxareba gvamcnobs: `Sekribos ifqli TÂsi saunjesa~ (maT. 3, 12).
rogorc codviT mocul miwas sWirdeba madlis gamravleba, ise mariam
RvTismSoblisgan gamoRebulma nayofma madliT daatkbo adamianTa sulebi
da ukvdaveba mianiWa yvelas, vinac igema igi. amitomacaa, rom himnografebi
mariam RvTismSobels ifqlis, anu morwmuneTa keTili nayofis
gamamravleblad miiCneven, rac araerTxel gamoxates kidec Zlispirebsa da
RvTismSoblisanebSi: `...queyanad purielad, romlisagan moviReT sazrdeli
ukudavebisaÁ~ (109, 271). wmida werilidan saRvTo atributad cnobili puri am
SemTxvevaSi mariam RvTismSobels warmoaCens nayofierad, misgan gamoRebul
nayofs ki – ukvdavad.
bibliur-patristikul mwerlobaSi `qveynis~ sinonimebia: mamuli, msof-
lio, xmeli, mxare, miwa, samkvidrebeli. unda aRiniSnos, rom himnografebs
igi yvela am mniSvnelobis SenarCunebiT gamouyenebiaT, ris naTelsayofadac
ramdenime magaliTs davasaxelebT `nevmirebuli Zlispirnidan~, sadac qveyana
niSnavs: a) samyaros, dedamiwas: `...viTarca kaci queyanasa gamoCnda da kacTa
Soris iqceoda~ (109, 257); b) konkretul, geografiul teritorias (am
SemTxvevaSi egviptes): `...da moscna mas saswaulni saRmrToni queyanasa
egÂptisasa...~ (109, 351); g) codviT savse wuTisoflis gamomxatvelad ki
himnografebs èkloani queyana~ dausaxavT, romelzec qalwulisagan
uTeslod Sobili macxovari `kacTa Soris iqceoda~: `...aqa dRes simdabliT
gamoCnda ekloanisagan queyanisa~ (109, 257). èkloani queyanis~ mniSvnelobis
39
sworad asaxsnelad wmida werils mivmarToT: mas Semdeg, rac adamianma
pirvelad Sescoda samoTxeSi, ganrisxebulma ufalma is gamoaZeva edemidan:
`wyeul iyavn queyana saqmeTa Sina SeniTa, mwuxarebiT sWamde mas yovelTa
dReTa cxovrebisa SenisaTa, ekalsa da kuroÁsTavsa aRmogicenebdes Sen da
sWamde Tivasa velisasa~ (Ses. 17, 18). aqedan gamomdinare, codvis Sedegad
gaCenili ekali sasuliero mwerlobaSi borotebis, mwvaleblobis, mtrobis
simbolodaa miCneuli, xolo ,,vardi ekalTa Soris~ mowameTa gavrcelebul
saxes warmoadgens.
zemoT moxmobili simboloebi is saxeebia `romlisa zeda araodes
aRmoÃda ekali codvisaÁ da ufroÁsad winaaRmdgomad amissa pirvel
aRmocenebulni ekalni pirvelisa misgan queyanisa ganahfxurna nayofman
misman~ (166, 105).
sawmisi. es saxe himnografTa mier swored deda RvTisas qalwulobis
gadmocemas emsaxureba: `gixaroden sawmiso gedeonis qadagebulo~ (72, 492).
sawmisis saswaulSi dafaruli RvTismSoblis ubiwo Sobis saidumlo
sagalobelSi saTanadod aris komentirebuli: ìTxova RmrTisagan sibrZne
gedeon saswaulad, raÁTamca gulisÃma-yo Sengan SobaÁ, qalwulo, da uCuena
RmerTman saidumloÁ ese: TÂnier haerisa wÂmaÁ sawmissa zeda, zeciT Senda
mdumriad cuari cxorebisaÁ~ (109, 595). `wvimaÁ sawmisad gardamosuli pir-
vel raJams ixila gedeon guauwya Cuen Sobisa Senisa, saidumloÁ sZalo~ (72,
63).
sawmisi RvTismSoblis ipodigmuri saxea, romlis Sesaxebac msajulTa
wigni mogviTxrobs. ebraeli xalxis mexuTe msajulma gedeonma, moismina ra
angelozisagan neba RvTisa _ wasuliyo da gaeTavisuflebina mamuli madi-
amelTa Zalauflebisagan, isurva mieRo miniSneba dasamtkiceblad imisa, rom
am saqmeze aris kurTxeva RvTisa. RmerTma gedeons uTxra, rom kaloze mat-
ylis sawmiss dadebda. Tuki masze cvari aRmoCndeboda da miwa ki mSrali iq-
neboda, maSin gedeoni uflis SewevniT ixsnida israels mtrisagan. ganTiadi-
sas gedeonma gawura sawmisi da fiala wyliT aavso, magram miwa iyo mSrali.
gedeonma ar ikmara es miniSneba da RmerTs kidev sTxova, miwa yvelgan
yofiliyo cvriani, xolo sawmisi mSrali darCeniliyo. RmerTma es Txovnac
Seusrula da gedeonmac SeZlo mtris damarcxeba (msaj. 6, 36-40).
40
am movlenis mniSvneloba araerTxelaa ganmartebuli eklesiis mamaTa da
TeologTa mier: `gixaroden, sawmiso, gedeonis mier gamosaxulo, romlisa
mier gangebulebiT ganfeniTa gamoiwura cuari ukudavebisaÁ axovnebiT momas-
wavebeli igi Zlierebisa TÂsisaÁ ucxoÁTa miT saswauliTa, romelman-igi
Tqua: `nu geSinin, rameTu me vsZlev sofelsa~ (166, 113). maTive SexedulebiT,
miwa rCeul xalxad aris aRqmuli, sawmisi ki yovladwmida RvTismSoblis
simboloa. roca ebraelebi da, zogadad, sxva eris warmomadgenlebi, suli-
erad mSrali da gamxmari iyvnen crurwmenisagan, yovladwmida qalwuli ise-
ve iyo morwyuli RvTis madliT, rogorc sawmisi _ cvriTa da namiT.
uZveles iadgarSi mariam RvTismSobeli zeciuri wvimis sawmisad aris
miCneuli: `Sen zecisa wvimisa wmidisa sawmiso~ (142, 439). Teologiuri
TvalsazrisiT, sawmisis bibliur saswaulSi uZvelesi arqetipis kvali
SeiZleba SevniSnoT. adamianTa warmodgenebiT, nami asocirebuli iyo
gariJraJTan, sulier gaciskrovnebasTan, zegardmo kurTxevasTan. igi
sijansaRis, siwmidis, siyvarulisa Tu zeciuri madlmosilebis simbolod
aRiqmeboda. ìnduizmSi nami RvTaebrivi sityvis metaforaa. Zvelebrauli
warmodgenebiT, `sinaTlis nami~, romelic sicocxlis xidan orTqldeba,
mkvdreTiT aRdgomas ganasaxierebs, qristianul simbolikaSi ki `cis nami~
suliwmidis mieraa boZebuli, raTa gaaRvivos da aaRorZinos gaxevebuli
sulebi~ (5, 4). gedeonis sawmisSi dafaruli cvrisa da wvimis arqetipi
UuZvelesi warmodgenebis gamoxatulebaa, romelic bibliaSi RvTis
saidumlos xilvis erT-erT saSualebadaa aRqmuli.
sawmisis hipodigma sxva mxrivac iqcevs yuradRebas. qalwulis Sobis
saidumlosTan erTad, mas qristes naTlisRebis saidumloc utvirTavs: `saw-
missa mas, savsesa cuariTa, hxedvida gedeon gamohsaxvida qristeÁs naTlis
Rebasa da RaRadebda: didebaÁ Zalsa Sensa, ufalo~ (72, 231)
akaki baqraZis azriT, Zveli aRTqmis am epizodSi tradiciuli sqemaa
gamosaxuli: `RmerTi _ sawmisi _ cvari~. roca gavixsenebT qristianuli re-
ligiis models: RmerTi _ RmrTismSobeli _ qriste, maSinve gasagebi gaxde-
ba, rom sawmisi wmida mariamis simboloa, xolo cvari _ qristesi. asec
gadadis es simboloebi himnebSi, sadac cvari logosia, anu RmerTis sityva,
sawmisi ki misi xilvis saSualeba, anu RmrTismSobeli~ (27, 79).
41
amrigad, gedeonis sawmisi himnografiaSi ori mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba:
erT SemTxvevaSi igi RvTismSoblis Sobis mauwyebelia (rac ufro xSirad
aris gamoxatuli sagaloblebSi), meore SemTxvevaSi ki _ macxovris
naTlisRebis gamomxatveli. namiT gaJRenTili miwa ki alegoriulad
qalwul mariamis ubiwoebaze mianiSnebda (65, 31).
sami yrma _ ebraelebis babilonSi tyveobis dros RvTismSobeli
simbolurad gacxadda sami yrmis saxeSi. sami RvTismoyvare yrma _ anania,
azaria da misaeli Cagdebul iqnen gaxurebul RumelSi imis gamo, rom
Tayvani ar sces usulo kerps. Tumca, RvTis Zalam uvneblad daicva isini
(dan. 3). wmida mamaTa ganmartebiT, es yrmebi gamoxatavdnen RvaTaebrivi
cecxlisagan yovladwmida RvTismSoblis dauwvelobas (65, 32). bibliis es
epizodi arc himnografebs darCeniaT yuradRebis miRma: `sakÂrveli sakÂrve-
lebaTaÁ aCuene RmrTisa sityuao, samTa yrmaTa Soris saÃumilsa Sina, rame-
Tu alisagan acurie cuari ubiwoÁTa miT, sisxliTa SeniTa qristÀ, seswuen
jojoxeTisa safuZvelni da cxovelsmyofeli wyali asxure warmarTTa~ (72,
172-173); `warmotyuena juars cumulman juariTa jojoxeTi da Sewua
RmrTeebisa cecxliTa da iÃsna adam bnelisagan, viTarca pirvel samni
yrmani sakumilisagan~ (72, 282).
rogorc sami yrma gadaurCa cecxlis simxurvales, aseve RvTismSobeli,
RvTaebrivi cecxlis anu qristes Sobis Semdegac, darCa qalwulad:
`siwmidiT aRegzna cecxli RmrTeebisaÁ miuaxlebeli brZmedsa mas Sina
ubiwosa saSosa qalwulebisasa da uvnebelad daicva mSobeli TÂsi, viTarca
samni yrmani babilons saÃumilsa mas Sina~ (72, 198); `Ä saswauli, romelman
saÃumilsa daicvna samni yrmani Seuwuvelad, manve daicva ubiwoÁ mSobeli
TÂsi yolad qalwulad, raJams ganÃorcielda saSosa missa uTeslod
sityuaÁ RmrTisaÁ~ (135, 308).
Zveli aRTqmis es hipodigma axal aRTqmaSi qalwulisagan macxovris So-
bis saidumloSi gacxadda da himnografTa gandidebis sagnad iqca: `yrmani
babilons Seuwvelni pirvelad saxe geqmnes Sen, qalwulo didebulo, raJams
Sengan iSva cecxli RmrTeebisaÁ da dagicva Sen uvneblad da ubiwod~ (168,
52);
42
anania, azaria da misaeli mariam RvTismSoblis winasaxedaa miCneuli:
`siwmidiT aRegzna cecxli RmrTeebisaÁ miuaxlebeli brZmedsa mas Sina
ubiwosa, saSosa qalwulebisasa da uvnebelad daicva mSobeli TÂsi
viTarca samni yrmani babilons saÃumilsa mas Sina~ (72, 198); ìqmnes saxe
Sobisa qalwulisa samni yrmani RmerTSemosilni wartyuenulni sioniT
anania, azaria da misael, romelni araÁ Sewuna cecxlman. egreTve uvnebelad
ego qalwuli Semdgomad Sobisa~ (72, 252).
iona winaswarmetyveli. Zveli aRTqmis personaJTagan RvTismSoblis erT-
erT winasaxed iona winaswarmetyvelic aris miCneuli. veSapis mucelSi sam
dRes dafluli iona loculobda da RmerTs gadarCenas evedreboda.
RmerTma ismina misi da veSapma gamoagdo xmeleTze (ion. 2).
veSapis muceli himnografebs RvTismSoblis muclisaTvis SeudarebiaT da
maT Soris paralelis gziT qalwulis qeba aRuvleniaT: òrTa mucelTa
bunebani Secvales veSapisaman da qalwulisaman dRes: rameTu pirvel
uxrwnelad dahmarxa mucelman nayofi: xolo aqa muceli daicva nayofman:
igi saxÀ iyo amisa: rameTu qalwulad hgies qalwuli~ (168, 5). rogorc
veSapis muceli aris ionas uvneblad Semnaxveli, aseve, qalwulis muceli
uxrwneli rCeba qristes Sobis Semdegac: ùzeSTaesad brZenTa sibrZnisa da
sityÂsa aRemata qalwulebiT SobaÁ Seni da Semdgomad Sobisa kualad
qalwulebaÁ. raJams Zeman Senman Secvalna bunebiTni igi Sobisa wesTa srba-
ni, dagicva RmrTeebisa cecxlman uxrwnelad, viTarca igi iona mucelsa Sina
veSapisasa~ (72, 299). ìonas xsna ganmeorebadi, maradiuli aqtia. am xsnas
evedreba qristes dausrulebliv yvela himnografi~ (29, 80). bibliis
komentatorTa da mecnierTa azriT, iona, amave dros, qristes winasaxecaa.
veSapis mucelSi winaswarmetyvelis yofna moaswavebda ieso qristes samdRe
sikvdils, daflvasa da aRdgomas: ìona winaswarmetyveli, romelic bibliis
mixedviT veSapis mucelSi iyo sami dRe-Rame, amiT viTomcMmoaswavebda
saflavSi yofnas sami dRis ganmavlobaSi~ (76, 289). veSapis mier ionas STanT-
qmis epizodSi alegoriulad codvis morevSi Cafloba moiazreba, magram
RvTisadmi rwmenas SeuZlia adamiani gaaTavisuflos codvisagan. RmerTma io-
na gamoiyvana veSapis muclidan. am epizodSi adamianis meored dabadebis
alegoria Cans, rac akaki baqraZis mosazrebiT, ùSualod ukavSirdeba qris-
43
tianobis erT-erT ZiriTad ideas _ aRdgomas~ (27, 96-97). sikvdili da aRdgo-
ma adamianTa uZveles warmodgenebSic arsebobda, magram qristianobam maT
sxva datvirTva mianiWa. qristes aRdgomam sikvdili sabolood daamarcxa,
adamianTa modgma codvisagan gaaTavisufla da RmerTTan dabrunebis saSua-
leba misca, rac alegoriulad aisaxa veSapis mucelSi sam dRes myofi ionas
saxeSi.
qarTul himnografiaSi RvTismSoblis maradqalwulobas gamoxatavs aseve
Semdegi saxe-simboloebi: dauWknobeli yvavili, daxSuli mtili, Seuvali
maRnari, Seuwveli mayvali, sanTeli, dabeWduli wyaro, vardi, mTvare da a.S.
romelTa Sesaxebac sxvadasxva qveTavebSi vsaubrobT kategoriebis mixedviT.
rogorc naTlad gamoCnda, qarTuli himnografia im saxelebs mimarTavs
RvTismSoblis qalwulobis gamosaxatavad, romlebic winaswarmetyvelTa,
mociqulTa, RvTismetyvelTa SromebSia ganmartebuli. RvTismetyveleba
mistiuria, saRvTo saidumloa masSi Cadebuli. himnografia ki cdilobs
saidumlos gacxadebas sityviT. amitomacaa igi ase mdidari simboloebiT.
sagaloblebis saxismetyvelebisa da Tematuri aspeqtebis Seswavlis Sede-
gad aSkarad gamoikveTa is gza, rac RvTismSoblis qalwulobis aRmniSvnel-
ma simboloebma gaiara Zveli aRTqmidan qarTul himnografiamde.
44
2. RvTismSobeli _ macxovris damtevneli `WurWeli~
mariam RvTismSobelze mimaniSnebel simboloTa ricxvi Zalian didia da

es bunebrivicaa, radgan man mogvivlina kacobriobis mxsneli, Cveni codvebis
sakuTar Tavze mtvirTveli macxovari. aqedan gamomdinare, RvTismSoblis mi-
marT gamoyenebul simboloTa mTavari daniSnulebaa, warmoaCinos qalwulis
ubiwoeba, misgan gankacebuli RvTis movlineba, rasac araerTxel adastu-
rebs rogorc wmida werili, aseve saeklesio da zepiri gadmocemebi.
am qveTavSi Cven gavaerTianeT is simboloebi, romlebic qarTul
himnografiaSi uSualod miuTiTeben RvTismSobelze, rogorc macxovris
damtevnelsa da mtvirTvelze. aseTebia: ca, beTlemi, mTa, kidobani, sasanTle,
etli, sasakmevle, takuki da sxva. romelTac mxolod simbolurad Tu
davasaxelebT uflis damtevnelad, Torem macxovris damtevneli veranairi
adgili ver iqneba, radgan is TviTonaa yovlismomcveli, risi dasturicaa
efrem mciriseuli sityvebic, romelmac RmerTis adgili ase ganmarta:
àdgil RmrTisa odesme caÁ iTqumis da odesme eklesiaÁ da odesme qalwuli,
rameTu amaT yovelTa mier cxad ars, viTarmed arc erTsa adgilsa mier
gareSecvul ars igi, aramed yovelsa mas mxolosa Seucavs~ (150, 83). rogorc
nestan sulavac miuTiTebs `RmerTis adgilad simbolurad iwodeba ca da
eklesia, xolo qristes, Ze RmerTis gankacebis Semdeg qalwuli
RvTismSobeli iwodeba adgilad, e. i. cad da eklesiad~ (135, 78).
raki ieso qriste mariam RvTismSoblis wiaRSi gansxeulda, amitom RvTis-
mSobeli saRvTismetyvelo mwerlobaSi simbolurad iwodeba zemoT dasaxe-
lebul saxelebad, romelTa geneziss kvlav wminda werilamde mivyavarT.
TiToeuli es saxe winaswarmetyvelurad gacxadebulia Zvel aRTqmaSi. Zveli
aRTqmiseuli xati, saxe gvevlineba axali aRTqmis movlenis hipodigmad. axa-
li aRTqmis saxeebisTvis es hipodigmebi ucvlelia, statikuria, rac gvaZlevs
safuZvels, rom aseve statikurad aRviqvaT axali aRTqmiseuli saxeebic. him-
nografebi ki mxatvrul saxeTa sistemis ukve arsebul Sedegebs iyeneben, Tum-
ca mxatvruli sityvisa da sakuTari fantaziis wyalobiT axerxeben am saxe-
ebis originalurad mitanas mkiTxvelamde.
45
ca. ca adamianis Tvalsawieris ukideganobis universaluri simboloa, is
religiaTa da eTnokulturaTa umravlesobaSi zegardmo arsebaTa samyofs
warmoadgenda. asevea bibliaSi (fs. 19, 4; maT. 5, 34; dab. 49, 25; gam. 16, 21).
bunebrivia, rom ciT simbolizebulia yovelive RvTaebrivi, miuwvdomeli, usa-
srulo. antikuri warmodgenebiT, iseve, rogorc adreul iudaizmSi, gardac-
vlilTa sulebi miwisqveSeTSi binadroben, mxolod gviandel iudaizmsa da
qristianobaSi ucodvelTa sulebma zecaSi gadainacvles. àdamianis sivrci-
Ti orientaciis uZiriTadesma niSnulma `ze-qveSeTisa~ warmoSva eTikuri dua-
listuri sistema, romlis mixedviTac, amaRlebuli da zeciuri daupirispir-
da mdabalsa da miwiers~ (5, 117). ca xSirad RvTis metaforul saxelad iyo
moxseniebuli (ilia WavWavaZis poetur TqmaSic _ `me ca mniSnavs da eri
mzrdis miwieri _ zeciersa~ _ `ca~ RvTis metaforaa). amasTan dakavSirebiT
saintereso daskvnas gvTavazobs viqtor nozaZe: `martiv Tu ganviTarebul re-
ligiebSi... cas didi adgili ukavia da Zalian xSirad ca RmerTTan aris
gaigivebuli da gaTanasworebuli. radganac RmerTi caSia, ca RvTis
samyofeloa, amitom TviTon ca warmodgenilia viTarca RmerTi da mis
nacvlad xSirad ixmareba; yvela religiaSi rwmenis siRrme da pativi
morwmunes ukarnaxebda RmrTis saxeli ar warmoeTqva. am niadagze Seqmnilia
sxvadasxva saxeli RmrTisa _ meufe, ufali, batoni, uzenaesi, meufe caTa, ca
mwyalobeli da sxv. (113, 48).
arc himnografTaTvis yofila ucxo es saxe. maT qalwulis aRmateba da
sidiade cis simboloTic gadmouciaT. Teologiuri SexedulebiT arsebobs
ori ca: xiluli anu materialuri da uxilavi anu transcendenturi,
romelTaASesaxeb ganmartebas TeologTa da mecnierTa naSromebSi vpoulobT.
xiluli anu materialuri cis Sesaxeb Sesaqmis pirvelsave TavebSia
moTxrobili. wmida basili didi samyaros Seqmnis ganmartebisas komentars
akeTebs cis Sesaxebac: `xolo RmerTman pirvelad yovlisa xilulisa _
raJams ineba da izraxa raÁTamca qmnna araarsni da viTar iyos, sofeli ese,
zraxvasave Sina TÂssa Seqmna siÃSoi igi samkauliTa TÂsiTa da ganuCina casa
bunebaÁ, romel mas Seetyueboda, da xatsa queyanisasa _ nivTi, romel
SehgavdaAda cecxli da wyali da haeri dahbada, viTarca unda, da yvna igini
Tavsa Sina TÂssa, viTarca Seetyuebis TiToeulsa maTsa sazRvarsa Sina
46
TÂssa~ (143, 31). aqedan kargad Cans, rom xiluli, anu materialuri ca aris
uxilavi, anu metafizikuri cis xati. samyaros Seqmnamde arsebul caze
ganmartebas gvawvdis wmida ioane damaskelic: `radgan werilma Tqva `ca~,
agreTve `caTa ca~ da `caTa cani~ da radgan netarma pavlem `mesame camde~
Tavisi atacebis Sesaxeb gviTxra, amitom vambobT, rom rogorc gvsmenia,
mTeli qveynierebis dabadebis Jams Seiqmna ca, rasac uvarskvlavo sferod
amboben moses dogmatebis mimTvisebeli gareSe brZenni~ (174, 347).
radganac ca RvTis samyofelia, bunebrivia, masSi simbolurad RvTismSo-
beli igulisxmobdes, romlis wiaRmac yvelaze aRmatebuli, samyaros Semoqme-
di itvirTa: `mariam mxevalo da dedao qalwulo, cao caTao, mxoloo, xido
RmrTisao kacTa momarT moslvisaTvis~... (142, 439); `RvTismSobelo, didebulo
cao RmrTisao~ (142, 461); èmsgavse Sen samyaroTa zecisaTa, Ä wmidao~ (72, 364);
RvTismSobeli sulieri caa, `romelic cisa da qveynis meufem aigo da aago
kacTaTvis~ (73, 164).
saeklesio gadmocemis Tanaxmad, RvTismSobeli miZinebis Semdeg cad iqna
amaRlebuli TviT misi Zis, ieso qristes mier. himnografs es movlenac ar
gamorCenia mxedvelobidan da qalwulis miZineba `caTa caTaze~ aRsvlad
mouazrebia: `caÁ igi sulieri da sadguri sityÂsa RmerTisaÁ _ qalwuli
dRes aRmaRlda casa caTasa da maradis iqebis angelosTa da kacTagan
Rirsad, saukunod ididebis, viTarca dedaÁ RmrTisaÁ~ (73, 333). kacTa Soris
aRmatebuli da qalwulTa Soris gamorCeuli qalwuli ara mxolod cad,
aramed `caTa uzeSTaesadac~ dausaxavT: ùmetesad kurTxeul xar dedaTa
Soris, Sen caTa uzeSTaeso qalwulo, rameTu Sengan Sobilman RmerTman
jvriTa mokla sikvdili da mkvdarni RmrTeebr aRadgina, aRdga raÁ safla-
viT~ (99, 388). `caTa uzeSTaesis~ xSirad `caTa uvrcelesi~ cvlis: ùwmindes-
sa wmidaTasa mariams, uvrcelessa caTasa RmrTismSobelsa...~ (109, 847).
ioane damaskelisa da andria kritelis `RvTismSoblis Sobis sakiTxavSi~
RvTismSoblis yvela simboluri saxeli bibliuri saxismetyvelebis monacem-
Ta gaTvaliswinebiTaa axsnili. ioane damaskeli Semdegnairad mimarTavs wmin-
da mariams: `gixaroden, cao gareSemcvelo soflisa sivrcisao da patiosano
safarvelo kacTa naTesavisao, romeli-ege mdidar xar lamprebiTa saTnoeba-
TaÁTa, viTarca simravliTa varskulavTaÁTa, romlisa mier aRmoxda mze si-
47
marTlisaÁ da qmna cxorebaÁ kacTa Soris dRisa dauRamebelisaÁ~ (166, 110). ca
uflis saydaria, romelic simarTlis mzes amoabrwyinebs, caTa msgavsia
qalwuli mariami, romlis winaSe yvelaferi uferuldeba, radgan is
kacobriobis sulieri mxsnelis mSobelia. andria kriteli RvTismSoblis
cisadmi mimsgavsebulobas Semdegnairad xsnis: àmas zeda ixarebd, cao,
rameTu Senman mimsgavsebulman Sen Soris dautevneli Seuiwreblad daitia.
amas zeda galobd, queyanao, romelman mucladRebiTa TÂsiTa migamsgavsa Sen
simaRlesa caTasa, raJams zecisa yvna queyanani~ (166, 155).
amrigad, sasuliero poeziaSi `ca~, sxva simboloebTan erTad, aris RvTis
samyofeli, amitomac is saxeobrivad mariam RvTismSobelze mianiSnebs.
`RvTismSobeli, igive `caTa ca~, aris saRvTo usazRvroebis gareSeuwerelo-
bis damtevi. es aris RvTismSoblis gamouTqmeli saidumlo. Ze RmerTSi ga-
erTianebulia yovlismomcveloba da yovlismoucveloba, aseve RvTismSobel-
Sia gaerTianebuli yovlisdamtevoba; rogorc `ca caTa~ aris yovlismomcve-
li, yovelives damtevi, aseve RvTismSobeli aris yovlis damtevi, anu damtevi
ieso qristesi, RvTis Zisa~ (135, 81).
beTlemi. drosivrculi warmosaxviT, iseve rogorc ca, beTlemic
erTaderTia, radgan swored iq ganxorcielda macxovris Sobis misteria..
raki ieso qriste mariam RvTismSoblis wiaRSi ganxorcielda, amitom
saRvTismetyvelo mwerlobaSi wminda mariami saxismetyvelebiTad beTlemad
iwodeba, rac ara erTxel dasturdeba himnografebTanac: `Sen, quabo, daitie
dautevneli da bagao, aw ganSuendi da Seiwynare cxovrebaÁ saukunoÁ...~ (72,
68); gixaroden, beTlemo, rameTu iqmen qalaq meufisa ZalTaÁsa. ganscxrebode
quabo, rameTu iqmen taZar damtevnel caTa dautevnelisa. gixaroden, bagao,
rameTu Seiwynare safasÀ saRmrToÁsa mis simdidrisaÁ, romel ars sasyideli
Ãsnisa CuenisaÁ, romelsa aqus didi wyalobaÁ~ (72, 70).
am simbolos mxriv gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia X saukunis qarTveli
himnografis filipe beTlemis sagalobeli, romelic evangelur motivebs
asaxavs da romelze dakvirvebiTac saintereso daskvnebs gvTavazobs nestan
sulava. beTlemi, cis msgavsad, erTaderTia, radgan swored iq ganxorcielda
macxovris Sobis misteria. àseve erTaderTia RvTismSobeli, radgan aravin
yofila qalwulTa Soris deda da dedaTa Soris qalwuli~ (137, 100).
48
himnografi mimarTavs RvTismSobels: `bunebaTa Semoqmedi vicanT Sengan,
hoÁ, beTlemo~, riTac èmsgavse Sen samyaroTa zecisaTa, Ä wmidao~ (72, 364) da
iqve agrZelebs: `Tayuanis vscemT quabsa magas didebulsa, Ä uxrwnelo, loc-
vaÁ Cueni Seiwire, bagasa mas mwolareo~ (72, 364).
andria kritelma RvTismSoblis sxva saxismetyvelebiT saxelebTan erTad
RvTismSoblis beTlemad moxseniebac ganmarta: `kurTxeul xar Sen dedaTa
Soris, sacnauro beTlemo, romeli-ege iqmnen saxl da sagebel da buneba
Semzadebuli purisa mis cxorebisa, rameTu man Tavadman, viTar-igi Tqua,
daimkÂdra Sen Soris, viTarca man mxoloman uwyis. da Tana Seezava Cuensa
amas bunebasa Seurevnelad. da yoveli savsebaÁ adamisi Tavisa mier TÂsisan
aRafuvna, raÁTa yos igi pur cxovel zecisa~ (166, 147).
mTa. esaa vizualuri gamoxatuleba adamianTa zeswrafvisa; miwisa da
zecis Serwymis adgili (4, 145).
mTis STambeWdaobam _ simaRlem, formam, rac saerTo jamSi, sidiadis
SegrZnebas badebs, _ warmoSva mTis simbolizmis mTeli sistema, romelic
aerTianebs maRal sulierebas, STagonebas, madlmosilebas... yvela es Tviseba
safexurebrivad miiwevs win _ mTad wodebul cisken aRmarTul kibeze...
mTis sakralurobas orgvari gamoxatuleba hqonda: erT SemTxvevaSi masze
fexi ar unda Seedga ubralo mokvdavs; meore SemTxvevaSi, mis mwervalze
jer kerpebi da salocavebi iyo aRmarTuli, Semdgom ki _ ukve eklesia-
monastrebi.
ùZveles kulturaTa umetesobaSic mTa, `bibliur mTaTa~ msgavsad an
RvTiuri nebis gacxadebis adgilia, an _ RvTaebaTa mTeli panTeonis sauf-
lo, rogorc, magaliTad, olimpi; zogjer _ msoflio xis analogi da deda-
miwis centris aRmniSvneli vertikali (mTa meru induizmSi...) (4, 145).
mTas raRac zedrouli ganzomileba Semoaqvs admianis cxovrebaSi: mTis
mwvervalidan nebismieri fusfusi mis ZirSi, wvrilman amaoebad aRiqmeba;
bumberazi mTis Semyure adamians sakuTari Tavi araraobad da umweod eCvene-
ba, xolo mwervalze asuli _ siamayesa da yovlisSemZleobas ganicdis...
mTasTan dakavSirebiT erT-erT yvelaze adreul winaswarmetyvelebad
unda miviCnioT daviT mefsalmunis mier aRwerili mTa, romelic moiwona
49
ufalman Tavis samkvidreblad: `mTaÁ ese, romel sTnda RmerTsa damkÂdrebad
mas zeda, rameTu ufalmanca daimkÂdros igi sruliad~ (fs. 67, 16).
alegoriulad mTa aq mariam RvTismSoblis sxeulze mianiSnebs, romlis
wiaRSic Seisxa xorci ufalma. daviT winaswarmetyveli aseve laparakobs
`poxil mTaze~: `mTaÁ RmrTisaÁ _ mTaÁ poxili~ (fs. 67, 16), sadac epiTeti
poxili qalwul mariamis nayofierebis gamomxatvelia. mTis saxismetyvele-
bas gansakuTrebiT mdidari biografia aqvs bibliaSi: aq morias mTa aris
RvTis morCilebisa da Sewyalebis universaluri simbolo (abraamma swored
morias mTaze aiyvana isaaki, raTa uflis neba Seesrulebina _ Seewira mis-
Tvis Svili). mTaa uflis gamocxadebis adgili _ egviptidan gamosul moses
`Rrublis svetad~ gamocxadebuli ufali sinas mTaze eCvena, sadac `sjulis
kanoni amcno. saxarebaSic `mTasa aRvida~ ieso qriste da iqadaga (maT. 5, 6-7);
saxarebaSi mTa mociqulTa erT-erT saxeladac iqca: `viTarca ewodos
mociqulTa odesme etlad, odesme maxareblad da mTavrad da meufed,
esreTve aqa mTad saxelsdva mociqulTa amas sityuasa saxarebasa Sina: ver
SesaZlebel arso qalaqi dafarvad, romeli mTasa zeda daSenebul iyos~
(maT. 5, 14); Taboris mTa ki uflis feriscvalebisa, misi WeSmariti mad-
lmosilebis simboloa; dabolos, golgoTa _ macxovris jvarcmis Semdeg,
sikvdilis Zlevis mravlismetyveli saxe.
bibliaSi aRwerili movlenebi adekvatur gamoxatulebas poulobs sasu-
liero poeziaSi, kerZod, himnografTa SemoqmedebaSi: himnografi Sendobas
evedreba `mTasa lodis mSobelsa, romelsa daviT mTad poxilad giwoda,
romelsa Sina daimkÂdra qristeman~ (42, 64). mTis (mariamis) noyierebaze miu-
TiTebs misi mxridan lodis gamotyorcna, am SemTxvevaSi, qristes dabadeba.
himnografi Segvaxsenebs, rom winaswarmetyvelma ambakom dedofals uwoda
`mTiT CrdiloÁT maRnarTaÁT~. sasuliero literaturaSi CrdiloeTi, umetes
SemTxvevaSi, aRniSnavs iseT qveyanasa Tu adgils, sadac qristianoba jer ar
iyo SeRweuli (`wm. ninos cxovreba~).
rogorc bibliidanaa cnobili, ambakum winaswarmetyvels winaswar euwya
samyaroSi RvTis mosvla mTisagan, anu qalwulisagan: `RmerTi TemaniT movi-
des da wmidaÁ mTisagan CrdiloÁsa maRnarisaÁsa~ (abak. 3, 3). àw ixarebd su-
liTa da ganscxrebode Rirsad ambakom RTis mgalobelo. aResrula Tqmuli
50
Seni, rameTu movida RmerTi samxriT ÃorciTa, viTarca jer iCina qalwuli-
sa saSoÁsagan da wmidaÁ igi mTiT CrdiloÁT maRnarTaÁT, muclisagan misi-
sa~ (42, 85);
`Sen gixila ambakom winaTve
mTad Crdilod, RmrTismSobelo qalwulo,
romlisagan gamovida RmerTi mxolo,
da cani SuenierebiTa TÂsiTa dafarna...~ (72, 231);
,,mTasa lodis mSobelsa, romeli iqmna Tav sakidurTa, gevedrebiT Sen“...
(42, 62); `rameTu movida RmerTi samxriT ÃorciTa, viTarca jer iCina
qalwulisa saSoÁsagan da wmidaÁ igi mTiT CrdiloÁT maRnarTaÁT muclisa
gan misisa“... an: àha esera mTaÁ igi, romelsa zeda RmerTi daemkÂdra“ (42, 85).
sasuliero poeziaSi xSirad aris naxsenebi daniel winaswarmetyvelis mi-
er xiluli mTa: `hxedevd vidre ara gamoekueTa lodi, mTisgan TÂnier Ãel-
Tasa~... (dan. 2, 34). `gixila Sen daniel suliTa mTad, romlisgan gamoekuÀTa
lodi uÃelod da daviTisagan saxel-gedva mTad poxilad, mTad yovlad
Seyofilad da krwalulad qalwulebiTa yovlad wmidiTa“ (72, 141). ìs, rac
danielis winaswarmetyvelebis mixedviT dafaruli da saidumloebiT mocu-
li iyo, himnografma ubralod agvixsna da dagvanaxa~ (46, 98).
maSasadame, mTa, sulieri gagebiT, qalwuli mariamia, xolo misgan gamo-
kveTili lodi _ qriste. mTas lodi gamoekueTa, magram igi mainc mTad dar-
Ca _ Zneli ar aris am alegoriaSi qalwulis mier macxovris Sobis saidum-
los amocnoba, romelsac ufro akonkreteben himnografebi: `lodi sakiduri
uxelod gamoekueTa Sengan mTao gamoukueTelo qalwulo~ (168, 16). danielis
mTis saidumlo maSin gamJRavnda, roca `dafaruli mTisagan~, anu qalwuli-
sgan iSva macxovari, ris Semdegac danielis mTa yvelasTvis xiluli Seiqna.
amitom, mariam RvTismSobeli aseve `RvTis mTaa~: `mTaÁ RmrTisaÁ, umaRles
caTa maRalTa amaRlebuli wmidaTa uwmidesi~ (42, 85). `sibrZnisagan saR-
mrToÁsa aRvsebuli Zlierad ganscxrebis sixaruliT iovel RmerTSemosili,
romeli hxedavs dRes aRsrulebad TqmulTa misTa, romliTa sarwmuno iqmna.
àha, esera mTaÁ igi, romelsa zeda RmerTi daemkÂdra, gamoadinebs sZesa saz-
rdelad yrmisa, romel ars pirvel mzisa Sobili, mzrdeli dabadebulTaÁ,
romlisagan Seiqmnnes sibrZniT saukuneni, romeli mimiZRuebis saxierebiT,
51
yovelTa srulebasa miwevnad~ (42, 85). sZis madinebeli mTa aq qalwul mari-
amis winasaxea, romelic gankacebul macxovars ZuZus awovebs. sZemdinari
mTis arqetipi iovelis winaswarmetyvelebaSia dafaruli: `da scnaT, viTar-
med me var ufali RmerTi Tqueni, dakarvebuli mTasa zeda wmidasa Cemsa. da
iyos mas dReTa Sina da moaswTon mTaTa sitkboeba da borcuni adendnen sZe-
sa~ (ioan. 3, 17-18). xSirad, mTas Canacvlebul borcvs igive saxeobrivi datv-
irTva aqvs.
sioni. wminda mariamis sionad saxeldeba daviT winaswarmetyvels
ukavSirdeba, romelmac wmida qalwuli sionad dasaxa da misgan RmerTkacis
Sobis saidumloc gaamJRavna: `dedad sionsa hrqua kacman, rameTu kaci iSva
mas Sina~ (fs. 86, 5); bibliaSi wminda mariami `sionis asuladac~ saxeldeba
ìtyoda misTvis ufali: Seuracxyo da gangbasra Sen, qalwulo, asulo
sionisao~ (4 mef. 19, 21). kvlav daviT fsalmunTmgalobels mivubrundeT:
ìsmine, asulo da ixile: da moyav yuri Seni: daiviwye eri Seni da saxli ma-
misa Senisaჲ~ (fs. 44, 10). wmida mamebi gangvimartaven: àsulad uwoda, rameTu
uwinarÀs exilva sawinaswarmetyueloÁTa TvaliTa, madlisa sulisaÁTa TÂT
yo da sulad Soba zegardmo embazisagan, romel aRuRebies eklesiasa, ese
igi ars, romel ars bunebaÁ kacobrivi, eqmna TÂT RmrTismSobeli da Sva
bunebiTa CueniTa da ÃorciTa CueniTa mxolodSobili ZÀ RmrTisaÁ~ (160, 392).
winaswarmetyvelTagan miRebuli ganwyobileba himnografebma sagalobelSi
gaaxmianes: àsulo sionisao, qriste movals Senda Semosili ZaliTa
mamisaÁTa didebiT, gixaroden friad, sasZloÁ Seni Seamkve da ganscxrebode
da daidg gÂrgÂni sikeTisaÁ Tavsa Sensa da miegebvode mas~ (73, 261).
Zvel aRTqmaSi sions ramdenime mniSvneloba hqonda. sionad iwodeboda _
mTa, qalaqi da cixesimagre (124, 142), romelTagan RvTismSoblis simbolod
sasuliero poeziaSi sionad wodebuli mTa da qalaqi iTvleboda. wmida
mTaze, sionze, aResruleboda sxvadasxva mniSvnelovani movlenebi: suliw-
midis gardamosvlis Jams sionze iyvnen RvTismSobeli da mociqulebi, sioni
iyo aseve adgili RvTismSoblis miZinebisa. amitomac qceula igi RvTis
sadgurad, samkvidreblad: `sionad, sada daimkÂdra qristeman~ (17, 160).
vfiqrobT, netari avgustines ganmarteba dagvexmareba sion qalaqis arsis
ukeT wvdomaSi. misi koncefciis Tanaxmad, arsebobs sulieri qalaqi, sadac
52
mkvidroben ,,angelozebi, RvTis erTguli adamianebi, WeSmariti qristianebi,
RvTismosavni~ (53, 92), meore miwier qalaqs ki miekuTvnebian ukeTuri
cxovrebiT mcxovrebni, RvTis mcnebebis uarmyofeli, codviT damZimebuli
adamianebi. zeciuri anu sulieri qalaqis erT-erTi saxelwodebaa sioni,
romelic aseve ,,zecisa ierusalÀmadac” moixsenieba.
sion qalaqis sulieri aspeqtebi kargad Cans mariam RvTismSoblis sionad
saxeldebaSi, raSic qalwulis mier qristianTaTvis zeciuri sasufevlis
gaRebis ideaa gamoxatuli: `pirvel yovlisa aRego sibrZne anu gonierni
sulni, romelic Sens wmida qalaqSi hgieben Cvens dedasTan, romeli zecisa
igi ierusalimi ars~ (111, 390).
zeciuri qalaqidan iRebs saTaves sasuliero mwerlobasa da poeziaSi
wmidanis warmoCena `zecisa moqalaqed~: `...queyanisani ese da miwisani mas
Sina moqalaqed aRwerasa zeda moxarul varT~ (166, 114). zeciuri mo-
qalaqeobis mopoveba yvela qristianis saboloo mizania, amitomac RvTis
dedisadmi aRvlenil xotbaSi zecisa ierusalÀmSi damkvidrebis mosurne
himnografTa survilicaa Cadebuli. sayuradReboa, rom sulieri qalaqis
funqcia Zveli aRTqmis ebraelTa qalaqebsac mieniWa. zeciuri qalaqis ana-
logiiT, maTSi mariam RvTismSoblis saxes pouloben wmida mamebi.
gavixsenoT am qalaqebis istoria: aRTqmis qveyanaSi Sesvlis Semdeg
ebraelebma igi dainawiles Tormet toms Soris, 48 qalaqad. eqvsi qalaqi
gamoacxades `Sesaltolvel~ qalaqad, vinaidan isini warmoadgenda TavSesa-
fars yvela uneblie mkvlelisaTvis. am eqvsi qalaqidan sami iyo iordanes
gaRma, samic qanaanis qveyanaSi. am qalaqebs Sefarebul uneblie mkvlels ve-
Rar Seexeboda SurismaZiebeli. amave qalaqSi iniSneboda gamoZieba mkvlelo-
bisaTvis.
mkvlels aq unda ecxovra mRvdelmTavris sikvdilamde. misi sikvdilis
Semdeg ki neba eZleoda gasuliyo qalaqidan da verc veravin Seexeboda.
wmida mamaTa ganmartebiT, qalaqi saxea yovladwmida RvTismSoblisa, vina-
idan igi morwmuneTa sulebis TavSesafaria, iseve, rogorc aRTqmis qveynis
qalaqebi iyo TavSesafari uneblie mkvlelTa~ (65, 31). RvTis samkvidrebeli
qalaqis mimarT araerTxel aRavlenen qebas himnografebi: `viTarmed
gxadodiT Sen, mariam, venaxad sameufod, qalaqad RmrTisa maRlisad,
53
samoTxed sulierad, sadgurad sulTa marTalTa, deduflad zecisa da
queyanisaTa, mnaTobad, cad samyarod, saydrad qerobinad~... (73, 227).
himnografi dedofals zeciur ierusalims uwodebs. caTa sasufeveli,
zeciuri qalaqi, zeciur ierusalimadac moixsenieba, rac dasabams ioanes
gamocxadebidan iRebs. `samoTxesa queyanisasa, ierusalÀms zecisasa~ (73, 235);
`viTarmed gxadodeT Sen, mariam,
qalaqad RmrTisad maRlisad,
samoTxed sulierad~ (73, 324).
qalaqis sulieri aRqma sasuliero mwerlobaSi SesaniSnavad gadmoica
wmidanTa qalaqad saxeldebaSic. Ddaujdomel sagalobelSi wmida nikolozs
amgvarad mimarTaven: ,,gixaroden, morwmuneTa Sesavedrebelo qalaqo~. am
mimarTvaSi xazgasmulia wmidanis zeciur-RvTaebrivi misia, ris gamoc igi
RvTis winaSe adamianTa gansakuTrebul meoxadaa miCneuli.
amrigad, ierusalimis sioni, ebrauli qalaqebi, zeciuri qalaqis,
ierusalimis alegoriad unda miviCnioT, xolo sionad wodebuli ierusalimi
_ RvTismSoblis erT-erT saxe-simbolod.
qristianuli msoflmxedvelobis matarebeli eri yovelTvis cdilobs misi
miwieri samkvidrebeli zecasTan daakavSiros, raTa amqveynadve axsovdes Ta-
visi saboloo adgilsamyofeli. qarTvel ers mravali wmida adgili moepove-
ba Tavis miwaze, romelic siwmidiT zecas uaxlovdeba. qarTul cnobiereba-
Si sionad iwodeba sveticxoveli, `meore ierusalimad~ ki _ mcxeTa, romelic
uflis wmida kvarTis daflvis adgilia da romlis arsebobac savsebiT sim-
boluria RvTismSoblis mfarvelobis qveS myofi erisaTvis.
saukuneebis Semdeg, himnografebma mxatvrul sityvaSi CuqurTmasaviT
gamokveTes da ukvdavyves fsalmunTmgaloblis mier uflis `dedad~ wodebu-
li sioni. kvarTi, sveticxoveli da sioni – droisa da sivrcis miRma arsebu-
li xatebia, RvTis dausazRvrelobis gamoxatulebaa, erTxel da samudamod
aRbeWdili eris istoriul da sulier saufloSi.
kidobani. uflis damtevnel simboloTagan metad mniSvnelovani da
datvirTuli Sinaarsis mqonea es saxe. `codviT dacema, gadarCena, xsna,
sulieri damkvidreba da kvlav aRmoceneba, saRvTo werilis mixedviT, bibli-
ur Sjulis kidobanSia gacxadebuli da amitomac qristianuli simbolikiT,
54
is Tavad taZaria _ uflis saxli da imavdroulad, yrma iesos momlodine
RvTismSobelic~ (4, 112). egviptidan gamosvlis Semdeg, sjulis kidobani
israelianTaTvis maTi RmerTis miwier sauflodaa miCneuli. swored am
kidobanSi iyo moses aTi mcneba. bibliurma daviTma misTvis aago `karavi~,
xolo solomonma sazeimod daasvena mis mier agebul taZarSi, sadac es
reliqvia ebraelTa warmosaxvaSi iyo centri ierusalimisa, israelisa da
mTeli msofliosi.
àmgvarad, sakralizebuli sagnisagan gansxvavebiT, noes kidobnis
simbolikaSi funqcionaluri aspeqtic ikveTeba (kidobani-xomaldi-skivri) da
winare miTologiuri plastic: bibliuri warRvnis arqetipi gvxvdeba
mesopotamiur eposSi gilgameSis Sesaxeb; msgavsi siuJetebia indur da Cinur
gadmocemebSi; kolumbamdeli amerikis miTologiamac Semoinaxa warmodgena
dedamiwaze sicocxlis sayovelTao walekvisa da xelaxali aRmocenebis
Sesaxeb.~ (4, 112).
yvela am miTologiuri masalis Sejerebis safuZvelze SegviZlia
davaskvnaT, rom kidobnis simbolikas emateba kidev erTi datvirTva _ xsnis
sixaruli, romelic aucileblad daeufloboda noes kidobnis `wevrebs~,
rodesac maT, bolos da bolos, myar miwas daadges fexi araratis kalTaze...
sasuliero poeziaSi, iseve rogorc zogadad sasuliero mwerlobaSi,
kidobani mariam RvTismSoblis EerT-erT hipodigmadaa miCneuli: `ganscxrebo-
de aw suliTa ZlieriTa da galobd daviT RvTismgalobelo da Seamkobd
dRes qnariTa. rameTu mzesa aRdga karavi TÂsi Tavadman da pirvel saukuneTa
mflobeli iwodebis dRes Zed Senda kidobnisa misgan siwmidisa, romel ars
qalwuli...~ (99, 48); `taZrisagan sameufoÁsa RvTisa sadgurisa da kidobnisa
misgan siwmidisa romlisa sikeTeÁ sTnda meufesa: pirvel gamosaxulisa
RvTis mgalobelTagan: dRes gamovida RmerTi gankacebuli: umTavrÀsi
yovelTa mTavrobaTaÁ: saSoÁsagan usZloÁsa qalwulisa~, (99, 85) _ mimarTavs
himnografi qalwul mariams.
cnobilia, rom Zveli aRTqmis epoqa sam kidobans icnobda: pirveli iyo
noes mier agebuli, romelic gadaurCa msoflio warRvnas da masTan erTad
gadarCa am kidobans Sefarebuli yvela suldgmuli; meore _ moses lerwmis
kidobani, romelSic dedam Cvili mose Caawvina da nilosis wyals misca,
55
saidanac igi faraonis asulma amoiyvana. es etapi epoqaluri cvlis
maCveneblad iqca ebraeli eris istoriaSi; mesame ki Sjulis kidobani,
romelSic ebraelebi inaxavdnen qvis or ficars _ aTi mcnebiT. aqve inaxebo-
da mananaTi savse takuki da ahronis kverTxi. bibliis komentatorTa ganmar-
tebiT, es kidobnebi warmoadgenda yovladwmida qalwulis saxes.
zemoT aRniSnuli funqciebis garda, `kidobans aqvs mistiuri funqciac,
romlis mixedviT mose winaswarmetyvels, Tavad lerwmis kidobniT
gadarCenils, sjulis kidobnis sarqvelze qerubimebs Soris Rrublis saxiT
Camowolili uflis dideba evlineba da rCeul ers uflis nebas
gamoucxadebs~ (136, 92). noes kidobani gakeTebuli iyo ulpobeli xisagan:
ìqmen ukue Tavisa Senisa kidobani ZelTagan oTxkedelTa budebad hqmna
kidobani da mohkiro igi SinaT da gareT kiriTa (gam. 6, 14), rac mianiSnebda
imaze, rom yovladwmida RvTismSobeli macxovris Sobis Semdegac darCa
qalwulad.
`rogorc kidobanma gadaarCina noe da misi Svilebi, aseve RvTismSoblis
mier samudamo daRupvisagan gadarCeba yvela msmeneli RvTis xmisa. rogorc
kidobnidan gadarCenili noesagan gamravlda warRvnis Semdgomi qveyana,
qristesagan, yovladwmida qalwulisagan dabadebulisa, iReben saTaves
Svilebi axali aRTqmisa~ (65, 22).
kidobani dgas wmida wmidaTaSi (sakurTxevlis Sida nawilSi), mas sjulis
kidobansac uwodeben, radgan mis marjvnivaa dadebuli sjulis wigni. is
RvTis iq yofnisa da didebis simboloa. himnografiaSi xSirad gvxvdeba
mariam RvTismSoblis saxeldeba `sjulis kidobnad~: `kidobnad sjulisad
gicnobT: rameTu sityuani saRmrToni gqonan Sen: viTarca ficarni qvisani,
savseni sibrZniTa sulieriTa~ (99, 120); `Zuelisa da axlisa sjulisa
kidobano da Semwynarebelo saRmrToTa werilTao, vedrebad CuenTÂs nu
daacadeb qristes mimarT~ (109, 561), sadac Zveli Sjulis kidobanSi igulis-
xmeba is kidobani, romelSic inaxeboda qristes aTi mcneba, xolo axali
Sjulis kidobani wminda mariamia, radgan is mSobelia axali Sjulis Semo-
mtanisa da, amave dros, Semnaxveli Zveli Sjulisa. axali Sjulis kidobnad
qalwuli moxseniebulia XVIII saukunis ,,gulanSi~: `dRes iSva axlisa Sju-
56
lisa kidobani da naTliT Semosili, romliTa qristeman bnelsa Sina msxdo-
mareni gananaTlen naTliTa RvTaebisaTa~ (A 111; 12r).
kidobania wminda adgili sitkboebisa. kidobani qristes pirvelsaxea.
aqedan gamomdinare, dedaRvTisa aris yvela qristianuli saqmis wmidaTa
wmida samyofeli, gvmarTebs misi mofrTxileba.
ori ficari, romelzec RvTis mier micemuli mcnebebia warwerili, wina-
swarmetyvelurad moaswavebs qristes movlinebas, mis orbunebovnebas, xolo
kidobani, sadac inaxeba qvis ficrebze amotvifruli RvTis mcnebebi, RvTis-
mSoblis simboloa.
qalwulisagan macxovris Soba saRvTo saidumloa. am saidumlos Seax-
senebs qalwuli iosebs, romelzec, saxarebis Tanaxmad, daiwinda is. himnog-
rafis sityviT RvTismSobeli moazrebulia `saRmrTo gansuenebis kidobnad,~
romelSic ineba damkvidreba-gansueneba qristem: `ganakrZalebda ubiwoÁ qal-
wuli iosefs da etyoda mas: raÁsa mwuxare xar Rirso. saidumloTa TÂs Cem
zeda aRsrulebulTa. iswave ese, Zeo daviTiso me var saRmrToÁsa gansuenebi-
sa kidobani wmidaÁ da saunjeÁ dafarulTa maT saidumloTaÁ~ (72, 78).
uZveles iadgarSi~ kidobani RvTismSoblis saxed sxvadasxva epiTetTan
erTad gvxvdeba: `kidobani rCulisaÁ”, `kidobani siwmidisaÁ”, `kidobani
siwmidisa qristÀsi”...
amrigad, kidobani, romlis samive saxe TeologTa mier RvTismSoblis wina-
saxedaa miCneuli, sagaloblebSi Semdegnairadaa aqcentirebuli: 1) kidobani
samkvidrebelia RvTisa: `kidobani RvTisa~, `kidobani siwmidisa~, `kidobani
sulieri~, `kidobani madlisa~, `saRmrTo gansuenebis kidobani~; 2) kidobani
Semnaxvelia Sjulisa: `saRmrTo Sjulis kidobani~, àxali Sjulis kidoba-
ni~, `Zveli da axali Sjulis kidobani~.
marTalia, sagaloblebSi RvTismSobelTan mimarTebaSi ar aris naxsenebi
noesa da moses kidobnebi, Tumca es xels ar uSlis himnografebs simboloSi
dafaruli saRmrTo saidumloeba Rirseulad Seamkon.
Zveli da axali Sjulis saxismetyvelebiTi aspeqtebi kargad aris axsnili
klarjul mravalTavSi moTavsebul ieremia winaswarmetyvelis sakiTxavSi _
`...saxÀ kidobnisaÁ Zvelisa da axali SjulisaÁ~, sadac moTxrobilia:
winaswarmetyvelma ieremiam ierusalimis taZris mooxrebamde sjulis
57
kidobani gadamala kldeSi. ufalma brZana axali Sjulis dadeba sionze,
raTa Zveli Sjuli datovon adamianebma da miiRon axali.
winaswarmetyveli ambobs, rom soflis aRsasrulis Jams kidobani aRdgeba
pirvelad da daidgmeba sinas mTaze, raTa aRsruldes daviT winaswarmetyve-
lis sityvebi: àRdeg, ufalo, gansasuenebelad Senda. Senda kidobani
siwmidisa SenisaÁ~, romel ars wmidaÁ qalwuli mariam, romeli miicvalebis
amier sofliT winaSe RmrTisa, romelsa dRes wmidani mociqulni sions Sina
Semusrvisa galobasa uRaRadeben~ (84, 409). Zveli Sjulis dasasruli da axa-
li Sjulis dadeba ki uSualodaa dakavSirebuli RvTismSobelTan, rogorc
axali Sjulis anu qristes, mesiis mSobelTan. am winaswarmetyvelebaSi dafa-
rulia Semdegi azri: RvTis meored mosvlis Semdeg boroteba, usamarTloba
sabolood damarcxdeba da damyardeba RvTis samefo, samarTliani saxelmwi-
fo.Aamdenad, kidobnis simbolikaSi esqatologiis motivicaa gacxadebuli.
etli. etli, rogorc dinamiuri simbolo Zalauflebisa, ganuyofeli
atributia im miTologiuri da ikonografiuli siuJetebisa, romlebSic
RvTaebani, gmirebi Tu alegoriuli personaJebi monawileoben. samxedro
daniSnulebasTan erTad, etli warCinebulTa _ mefeTa, didebulTa,
mxedarTmTavarTa gamorCeulobis yofiTi atributi iyo. aRsaniSnavia isic,
rom arsebobda sruliad garkveuli Sesabamisoba etlis `gamwev Zalasa~ da
mis mgzavrs Soris: ase magaliTad, umankoebis alegoriuli figuris etls
calrqa ezideba, maradisobisas _ angelozebi, didebisas _ spiloebi, xolo
Ramisas da sikvdilisas _ Savi cxenebi. (5, 65). mniSvneloba aqvs miTologiuri
etlis fersac: induisturi qalRmerTis indras etli oqrosferia, elia
winaswarmetyvelis zeciuri etli ki _ cecxlovani.
sxva saxe-simboloebTan erTad, etlic RvTismSoblis erT-erT hipodigma-
daa miCneuli himnografTa mier da Cven sagangebod mivuCineT am simbolos ad-
gili am qveTavSi. ideaSi etli ar arsebobs mgzavris gareSe, anu im adamianis
gareSe, romelic masSi moTavsdeba; aqedan gamomdinare, RvTismSoblis simbo-
lod etlis moazreba imdenadaa mizanSewonili, ramdenadac man itvirTa mac-
xovari Tavis sxeulSi: `...Sen etlo da saydaro siwmidisao, usZloo
qalwulo~ (72, 356); `sityuaÁ RmrTisaÁ dausabamoÁ, cuari igi cxovels-
myofeli itÂrTe, Rrubelo sulmcireo, etlo siwmidisao... ~ (72, 211).
58
wmida ioane damaskeli ganmartavs: ètli RmrTisaÁ bevr wil qmnili
saRmrToTa madlTagan mdidar qmnilebaTa mier, qerobimTa vityÂ da
serafimTa~ (166, 119).
etli Tanavarskvlavedis mniSvnelobiTac ixmareba. rogorc cnobilia,
Tanavarskvlaveds mohyavs didi varskvlavebi. roca mnaTobi Tavis samyofel
etlSi Sedis, is yvelaze metad brwyinvalea maSin. aqedan gamomdinare,
RvTismSobeli aris yvelaze didi mnaTobis, anu macxovris zodiaqo.
tite mosias dakvirvebiT, etli (zodiaqo, Tanavarskvlavedi _ T. g.) var-
skvlavis mniSvnelobiTac ixmareboda da faetonisac. `wmida mariami alego-
riul enaze etladaa dasaxuli imitom, rom cxra Tvis ganmavlobaSi igi
mucliT atarebda macxovars, romlis SobiT qveyanas mxsneli moevlina~ (102,
84).
oqros sasanTle. gamosvlaTa wignSi naTqvamia, rom Svidrtoiani sasanTle
(menora) gamoWedili iyo xalasi oqros mTliani zodisagan da sul cota 30
kilograms mainc iwonida. sasanTlis rtoebi Semkuli iyo yvavilebiTa da
foTlebiT. es iyo sinaTlis erTaderTi wyaro mTel karavSi: `da hqmne
sasanTle oqroჲsagan wmidisa, waxnagebulad hqmne sasanTle. Reri misi da
lelwmis saxeni da takukni da birTჳs saxeni da SroSanni misgan iyvnen. da
equsni lelwmis saxeni gamovidodin guerdTagan: samni lelwmis saxeni sasan-
Tlisani guerdisagan misisa erTisa da samni lelwmis saxeni guerdisagan me-
orisa. da samni takukni dawesebulni niguzis msgavsni: erTi lelwmis saxe,
erTsa _ birTჳs saxesa da SroSansa da samni takukni dawesebulni niguzis
msgavsni: erTi lelwmis saxe, erTsa – birTჳs saxesa da SroSansa, esreT
equsTa lelwmis saxeTa gamomavalTa sasanTlisagan. da sasanTlesa mas oT-
xni takukni dawesebulni niguzis msgavsni birTჳs saxeni da SroSanni misni.
birTჳs saxe queSe: orTa lelwmis saxeTa misgan da birTჳs saxe queSe orTa
lelwmis saxeTa misgan, esreT equsni lelwmis saxeni gamomavalni sasanTli-
sagan. birTჳs saxeni da lelwmis saxeni misgan iyvnen yoveli waxnagebuli,
erTisagan oqroჲsa wmidisa. da hqmne sasanTleni misni Sჳdni da zeda dahsxne
sanTelni misni da naTobden erTisagan pirisa. da mosayofeli misi da queSe
59
Sesadgmeli misi oqroჲsagan wmidisa. talantisagan oqroჲsa wmidisa hqmnne
yovelni ese WurWelni~ (gam. 25, 31-39).
iudeur SvidsanTelaze wminda klimenti aleqsandrieli ambobs, rom `mas
dafaruli mniSvneloba hqonda. sasanTle yvelas ugzavnis sinaTles, visac
misi swams da sjera~ (140, 229).
uamravi Zveli aRTqmiseuli wmida nivTi, maT Soris oqros sasanTlec,
RvTismSoblis winasaxed iyo moazrebuli. yovladwmida qalwuli yvela
niWiT Semkobili oqros SvidsanTelaa: `gixaroden sasanTleo, romeli ege
oqroÁTa qalwulebisaÁTa zesTa brwyinvale xar da sanTlad mogigies madli
sulisa wmidisaÁ, xolo zeTad ganmapoxebelad lamprisa Sengan miRebulni
igi Ãorcni wmidani, romlisa mier dauvali igi naTeli qriste bnelsa da aC-
rdilTa sikudilisaTa msxdomareTa aRunTebs lamparTa cxorebisa saukuno-
ÁsaTa~ (166, 114).
RvTismSoblis simbolod oqros sasanTlis moxmoba arc himnografiisTvi-
saa ucxo: `gixaroden sasanTleo da takuko oqroÁsa wmidisao, romelman
itÂrTe qriste, cxovrebis momcemeli~ (168, 35);
TeologTa SexedulebiT, am sasanTlis sinaTle moiazreba, rogorc madli
sulisa, zeTi ki wmida sxeulia, nasesxebi sufTa nayofisagan. am siwmidisgan
warmoiSveba qriste. `sasanTle aris Semnaxveli naTlisa, vinaidan masSi
sanTeli anaTebs. e.i. mariami is WurWelia, romelSic Cadga maradiuli sinaT-
le qristes saxiT. igi qristes dedobiT Seiqna bnelis manaTobeli~ (103, 107).
oqros sasakmevle. RvTismSoblis erT-erTi simbolo oqros sasakmevlecaa.
ebraelebi am wmida WurWels sakmevlis sakmevad iyenebdnen. am dros sasakmev-
lidan gamosuli kvamli locvebis RmerTTan amaRlebas niSnavda. am Sexedu-
lebiT yovladwmida qalwuli aris `keTilsurnelovani sasakmevle~, radganac
igi yvelaze gulmodgine, saimedo mlocveli da qomagia CvenTvis RvTis wina-
Se (65, 23). iseve rogorc sasanTle, sasakmevlec oqrosgan iyo damzadebuli,
rac himnografebs aZlevs saSualebas, rom RvTismSobels mimarTon ase:
`mariam, Sen xar sasakumevlÀ igi oqroÁsaÁ, romelman erTi ganuyofeli
samebisaÁ muclad-iRe da man surnel-yo yoveli sofeli~ (168, 90); `gixaroden,
oqroÁsa sasakmevleo, romlisagan viynoseT Cuen angelozTa surnelebaÁ
sulTa CvenTa ganmasurnebeli~ (73, 169); `yovlad wmidao oqroÁsa wmidisa
60
sasakumevleo, sulnelebiTa savseo, romeli ganakÂrveb saynosvelsa kacTasa,
amisTÂs gakurTxevT Sen da Sengan Sobilsa~ (135, 286); `Se,, taZaro RmrTisao,
sasanTleo naTlisao, oqrosa sasakmevleo, surnelmyofelo yovelTa
dabadebulTao...~ (152, 168).
wmida ioane damaskeli mariam RvTismSobels `yovlisa soflisa sasakmev-
led~ moixseniebs: `gixaroden, sasakumevleo yovlisa soflisao, salxinebel-
ad RmrTisa mimarT warmarTebulo, aRsavseo sulnelebiTa sulisa wmidisaÁ-
Ta, romlisaTÂs sakÂrvelebiT iTqua sadame, viTarmed: `vin ars ese aRmomava-
li udabnoÁT, aRmaRlebuli, viTarca kuamli sakumevelTaÁ~ (166, 112).
oqros takuki. rogorc zemoTac aRvniSneT, yovladwminda qalwulis mo-
maswavebel aRTqmis kidobanSi inaxeboda oqros wmida WurWeli, takukad wo-
debuli, romelSic moTavsebuli iyo manana. `radgan erTxel logosma anu
qristem wmida mariamis wiaRSi xorci Seisxa da kacebrivi saxiT moevlina de-
damiwas, bunebrivia, rom logosis adrindeli gamovlenebi, kerZod, manana da
misi samkvidrebeli oqros takuki, saRmrTo werilis Semwynarebeli Sjulis
kidobani, kverTxi arian RvTismSoblis saidumlos (qristes Sobis) winaswar
momaswavebelni~ (27, 92).
gamosvlaTa wigni mogviTxrobs: `da rqua mose ahronis mimarT: moiRe taku-
ki oqroÁsa erTi da STaasx mas Sina Romori savse mananaÁTa da dasdga igi
winaSe uflisa RmrTisa dasamarxvelad naTesavTaTÂs TquÀnTa!~ (gam. 16, 33).
RvTismetyvelebaSi manana ieso qristes moaswavebda, romelmac Tavis Tavze
Tqva: `me var puri cxorebisaÁ, romeli movides Cemda, ara Siodis da romel-
sa hrwmenes Cemi, arasada swyurodis~ (ioan. 6, 35). es iyo agreTve saxe sai-
dumlo ziarebisa. iseve rogorc takukSi inaxeboda manana STamomavlobisaT-
vis gadasacemad, aseve RvTismSoblis saSoSi iqna dateuli qriste adamis
modgmis gadasarCenad. e.i. takuki iyo wmida qalwuli, Semnaxveli mananasi,
anu macxovrisa.
aseTive saxiT gadasula is himnografiaSic: `takuki xar mariam, oqroÁsa
ubiwoÁsaÁ...~ (109, 507); `gixaroden Sen, takuko oqroÁsao, savseo mananÁTa da
kualad gixaroden... dedao Zisa RuTisao~ (135, 293); `takuksa oqroÁsasa manana-
ÁTa savsesa, Cuenda magemebelsa sulnelsa, saydarsa RmrTisa maRlisasa, oqr-
61
oÁsaca kidobansa, wmidasa bazmaksa mnTebaresa, embazsa naTlisasa, qristes
dedasa Tayuanis-vscemdeT~ (135, 294).
ioane damaskeli adidebs uflis damtevnel takuks: `gixaroden, takuko
oqrocxebulo, yovlisa uSuerebisagan srulebiT ganyenebulo, vinaÁ-ege
mananaÁT darTul iqmna yoveli sofeli sityÂTa mis cxorebisaÁTa, romeli
Seicxo cecxliTa RmrTeebisaÁTa~ (166, 109).
tabla. Zveli aRTqmis eklesiis wmida nivTTagan yovladwmida qalwulis
erT-erTi winasaxe tablac iyo. gamosvlaTa wigni mogviTxrobs, rom msgavsad
kidobnisa, tablac ulpobeli xisgan iyo gakeTebuli: `da hqmne tablaÁ
ZelTagan ulpovelisa~ (gam. 25, 23) da oqroTi Semosili: `da uRelni igi
kidobnisani da tablisani qmnna ZelTagan ulpolvelTa da Semosna igi oqro-
ÁTa~ (gam. 37, 28).
mas sawinaSeo puris tablas eZaxdnen; mooqrul tablaze, romelic sakur-
TxevelSi idga, SabaTobiT daawyobdnen Tormet axal gamomcxvar purs, Ti-
Tos yoveli israeliani tomisagan. es purebi RvTis winaSe iyo dadebuli:
`daagne tablasa zeda purni sawinaSoni winaSe Cemsa maradis~ (gam. 25, 30).
saRvTismetyvelo ganmartebiT, qriste puria, vinaidan is aris samudamo
sicocxliT Cveni gamomkvebavi. tabla ki uflis dambadebelia, mtvirTvelia
ùxuebisa lxinebisasa~, romelmac didi sixaruli da molxena aRirsa cod-
vilT~ (102, 107). amitomac RvTismSobels `saRvTo trapezsac~ uwodeben.
taZari. uflis samkvidrebeli wmida qalwulis erT-erT winasaxes
warmoadgens taZaric, romelic ùflis saxlia~ _ wminda adgili, kosmiuri
harmoniis miwieri anarekli, adamianis RmerTTan miaxlebis sakralurad Semo-
sazRvruli are _ simbolo Tavad samyarosi~ (5, 64). wignSi `sakraluri da
miwieri~ mirCa eliade taZris WeSmarit arsze saubrobs: `mesopotamiur,
egviptur, Cinur Tu indur civilizaciebSi taZarma axali da arsebiTi
mniSvneloba miiRo. is ara marto samyaros xats, aramed zegardmo samyaros
erTgvar miwier modelsac warmoadgenda... rogorc WeSmaritad wminda adgili,
ùflis saxli~, _ taZari mudmivad xelaxla akurTxebs samyaros, radgan
erTsa da imave dros, moicavs kidec mas da ganasaxierebs. saboloo jamSi,
swored taZris wyalobiT xdeba samyaros sruli ganwmenda. ra wabilwulic
ar unda iyos samyaro, mas mudamdRe aspetakebs sakurTxevlis madli~ (60, 59).
62
sainteresoa, bibliur tradiciaSi gamokveTili qristianuli taZris simbo-
likis ramdenime plasti; kerZod, jvargumbaTovan taZars unda warmoesaxa
macxovris misteria; erTnavian eklesias _ noes kidobani, petre mociqulis
navi, anda, sulac `sulieri xsnis~ xomaldi... magram am bibliuri istorizmis
garda, taZars unda ganesaxierebina universaluri kosmologiuri idea da
samyaros erTgvari, sakraluri modelic unda yofiliyo. (5, 65). swored am
simbolozmis nimuSia wminda sofias taZari konstantinepolSi (VIs.),
romelSic gaerTianda, rogorc aRmosavluri, ise romauli arqiteqtura,
mxatvruli da teqnikuri tradicia.
Zvel aRTqmaSi ramdenime winaswarmetyvelis mieraa aRwerili taZris
mSeneblobis ambavi: àha, gamovavlino angelozi Cemi da moixilos gzaÁ
pirisa CemisaÁ da meysa Sina movides taZrad TÂssa ufali, romelsa Tquen
eZiebT da angelozni aRTqmisaÁ, romeli Tquen gnebavs-ye. aha, movals, _
ityvis ufali, yovlisa mpyrobeli~ (mal. 3, 1).
RvTismSoblis winasaxed taZari naxsenebia mefeTa mesame wignSic, sadac
moTxrobilia solomon mefis mier taZris mSeneblobis epizodi: `da aRiSena
taZari igi qviTa uTleliTa da ÃmaÁ WurWlisa da rkinisa yovladve ara is-
ma Senebasa mis taZrisasa~ (3 mef. 6, 7). swored am taZarSi xedavs wmida ioane
damaskeli yovladwmida qalwulis saxes: `Ä qalwulo, RmrTiv mimedlebulo,
taZaro RmrTisao wmidao, romeli ege sulierman mSÂdobismTavarman solomon
aRgaSena da Sen Soris daemkÂdra ara oqroÁTa da qviTa usuloÁTa Semkobi-
li, aramed nacvalad oqroÁsa brwyinvale suliTa~... (166, 123).
amave saxiT qalwul mariamze winaswarmetyvelebas vxvdebiT angia winas-
warmetyvelTanac: `miT, rameTu did iyos didebaÁ saxlisa amis ukuanaÁskneli,
ufros pirvelisa, _ ityÂs ufali, yovlisa mpyrobeli, da adgilsa amas Sina
mivsce mSÂdoba, _ ityvis ufali yovlisa mpyrobeli (da mSvidobaÁ sulisaÁ
mourneobad yovelsa mgebelsa aRdginebad taZrisa mis)~ (ang. 2, 10), xolo
`sakvirvel taZarze~, rogorc RvTismSoblis winasaxeze, wmida daviT
winaswarmetyveli erT-erTi pirveli miuTiTebs: `wmida ars taZari Seni,
sakvirvel ars simarTliTa~ (fs. 64, 4-5).
dakvirvebidan gamomdinare, Zvel aRTqmaSi taZari iseT adgils warmoad-
genda, sadac RvTis myofoba yvelaze sacnauri iyo, radganac aq aRvlenil
63
locvas Rebulobda ufali da rCeul moRvaweebs zeSTaagonebda da ecxadebo-
da. RvTismSoblis moazreba taZris saxeSi swored taZris siwmindiT iyo gan-
pirobebuli.
himnografebic araerTxel iyeneben am saxes RvTismSoblis simbolod da
misi meSveobiT kidev erTxel axerxeben mxatvruli sityvis Zalis warmoCenas:
`Sen, taZaro RmrTisao... gvioxen winaSe Zisa Senisa amisTÂs giRaRadebT Sen,
madidebelni Senni.“ (152, 168). ioane minCxs RvTismSoblisTvis `pirmetyveli
taZari~ uwodebia: `RvTismSobelsa vadidebdeT mSobelsa da qalwulsa,
dedasa meufisasa, venaÃsa goniersa, taZarsa pirmetyuelsa~ (73, 160). am
epiTetiT himnografi simbolos erTgvar ganzogadebas gvTavazobs. epiTeti
`pirmetyveli~ ganasxvavebs cocxal taZars anu RvTismSobels realuri,
fizikuri taZrisagan.
ioane mtbevarisTvis RvTismSobeli `siwmidis saydari~ da `sameufo taZa-
ria~, romlisganac gankacebuli RmerTi gamovida: `suli wmidaÁ movida Senda
qalwulo da Zali maRliT gfarvida Sen, usZloo, saydrad siwmindisad
gangamzada da dedad uxrwnelebisad Cuen yovelTa gÂCina, amisTÂs RmrTis-
mSoblad aRgiarebT Sen~ (72, 66); `taZrisagan sameufoÁsa RmrTisa sadgurisa
da kidobnisa misgan siwmidisa, romlisa sikeTeÁ sTnda meufesa pirvel
gamosaxulisa RmrTis mgalobelTagan, dRes gamovida RmerTi gankacebuli
umTavrÀsi yovelTa mTavrobaTaÁ saSoÁsagan usZloÁsa qalwulisa~ (72, 83).
sagaloblebSi taZari ramdenime sxvadasxva epiTetTan erTad gvxvdeba:
`taZari RvTisa~, `taZari Semoqmedisa RmrTisaÁ~, `taZari daurRveveli~, `su-
lieri taZari~, `sameufo taZari~, `taZari macxovrisaÁ~, `pirmetyveli taZari~,
`dakrZaluli taZari~; aqedan uflis samkvidrebels aRniSnavs: 1) `taZari
RvTisa~, `taZari Semoqmedisa RmrTisaÁ~, `sulieri taZari~, `sameufo taZari~,
`taZari macxovrisaÁ~; 2) `taZari daurRveveli~ qalwulis maradiul xatebas
ganasaxierebs; 3) `dakrZaluli taZari~ ki RvTismSoblis ubiwoebaze mimaniS-
nebelia (razec RvTismSoblis maradqalwulobis aRmniSvnel saxe-simboloeb-
ze saubrisas aRvniSneT).
aRsaniSnavia taZris kidev erTi saxe, romelsac ùZveles iadgarSi~
vxvdebiT: `gixaroden, yolad wmidao qalwulo, aRSenebulo taZaro...~ (142,
510). am epiTetSi, uflisagan sagangebod gamorCeuli, suliwmidisagan
64
ganwmendili, anu misgan RvTis samkvidreblad aRSenebuli RvTismSoblis
wmida sxeuli unda vigulisxmoT. cnobilia, rom RvTismetyvelebaSi qalwul
mariamis rogorc suli, aseve sxeuli, RvTis taZrad aris miCneuli. ase
moixseniebs mas wmida mRvdelmTavari gabriel qiqoZe: `yovladwmida
qalwulis suli RmerTis taZari manamde iyo, sanam sxeuli RmrTis ganxo-
rcielebuli sityvis taZrad Seiqneboda~ (169, 278).
vfiqrobT, saintereso da, amasTanave, originaluri Sesityvebaa _ `darRve-
uli taZari~, romelic àRSenebuli taZris~ antinomiaa, Tumca msjelobas
kvlav wmida werilTan mivyavarT. ioanes saxarebaSi taZris dangrevasa da
aRdgomaze saubrisas, macxovari sakuTar vnebaze winaswarmetyvelebs: `dahxse-
niT taZari ese, da mesamesa dResa aRvadgino ege. hrques mas huriaTa: ormeoc
da equssa welsa aReSena taZari ese da Sen samTa DdReTa aRadgino igi? xo-
lo igi ityoda taZrisaTÂis guamisa TÂsisa~ (ioan. 3, 19-21).
es Tema arc himnografebisTvisaa ucxo: `moaswavebda ufali huriaTa
daflvasa TÂssa da sam dRe aRdgomasa: `daarRÂeT Tquen didi ese taZari,
dahxseniT da me sam dReÁ aRvhmarTo igi~ (73, 298). uflis sxeulis
gamomxatvel taZars sagalobelSi sxva datvirTvac SeuZenia. himnografebi
taZrad moixsenieben wmida lazares sxeulsac: `viTarca xuroTmoZRvarman
yovlisa SemZlebelman RmrTeebisa ZaliTa taZari igi dacemuli da dar-
Rveuli _ ÃorcTa lazaresTaÁ kualad aRaSena~ (73, 259).
adamianis sxeulis taZrad moazrebis safuZvelic evangelur swavlebas
efuZneba. pavle mociqulis epistoleSi naTqvamia: àra uwyiTa, rameTu taZar-
ni RmrTisani xarT da suli RmrTisaÁ damkvidrebul ars Tquen Soris~ (1
kor. 3, 16). Teologiuri SexedulebiT, RvTis xatad Seqmnili adamianis
sxeuli suliwmidis samkvidrebelia. rogorc RvTis xelSia adamiani da yove-
live amqveynad arsebuli, ase is gansazRvravs TiToeuli Cvenganis bedsac da,
bunebrivia, masve ZaluZs mis mier Seqmnili sxeulis aRdginebac. lazares
darRveuli sxeuli anu taZari, RvTis ZaliT isev aRdga. himnografi am faqts
xuroTmoZRvris saqmianobas adarebs, radganac, xuroTmoZRvris msgavsad, mxo-
lod ufals ZaluZs Seqmnac da ganaxlebac. adamianma gamudmebiT unda izru-
nos rogorc sulis, aseve sxeulis siwmidisaTvis, risTvisac RmerTTan
locviTi kavSiris aucileblobas gvirCeven wmida mamebi: `da ese ars damkÂd-
65
rebaÁ RmrTisaÁ Cuen Soris, raÁTa dauviwyeblad guaqundes ÃsenebaÁ misi Cuen
Soris, rameTu esreT viqmnebiT taZar RmrTisa~ (26, 219).
aqedan gamomdinare, am saxe-xatTan dakavSirebiT, daskvnis saxiT SegviZlia
vTqvaT, rom taZari sasuliero poeziaSi aRniSnavs: 1) qristes sxeuls; 2) igi
aris RvTismSoblis hipodigma; 3) taZrad iwodeba adamianis sxeuli.
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom RvTismSobeli taZarTan erTad taZris ezodac
aris wodebuli. gamosvlaTa wignSi aRweril taZris mSeneblobis epizodSi
aseve saubaria taZris ezozec: `da hqmne ezoÁ taZrisa kerZoÁsaÁ samxrad
mimarTsa, kretsabmeli ezoÁsaÁ bisonisgan Zaxilisa, sigrZe _ asi wyrTaÁ
erTisa mis momrgulebisaÁ~ (gam. 27, 9). qalwuli mariami taZris ezod aris
wodebuli ZlispirebSi: `Sen yolad qebulo, didebulo RmrTismSobelo,
romeli Semdgomad meored ezoÁ taZrisaÁ xar, romelsa hrqÂan wmidaÁ wmi-
daTaÁ, galobiT gadidebT~ (109, 885). taZari aq qristea, xolo ezo _ qalwu-
li mariami.
saydari. RvTismSoblisadmi mimarTuli es simbolo xSirad enacvleba taZ-
ris hipodigmas. esaias winaswarmetyvelebaSi vkiTxulobT, Tu rogor ixila
man saydarze mjdomi ufali: `vixile ufali sabaoT, mjdomare saydarTa zeda
maRalTa da aRmatebulTa da savse iyo didebiTa uflisaÁTa taZari igi~ (es.
6, 1). RvTismSobelSi macxovris davaneba himnografebs am simbolos daxmare-
biT ase gadmouciaT: `gixaroden saRmrToÁsa mis oqroÁsa takuko, savseo mana-
naÁTa, gixaroden saydaro RmrTisao, gixaroden Semweo Cueno, gixaroden
moRuaweo yovlisa soflisao~ (73, 233); àraraÁ ars msgavsi Seni, etlo zeci-
sao, qerubino saydaro cecxlisa mis usxeuloÁsa, uxilavisao da dedao
dambadeblisao, sasoo da siqadulo da meoxo sulTa CuenTao~ (73, 233).
uflis cecxlad moxseniebac wminda werilidan iRebs saTaves: `rameTu, aha,
ufali viTarca cecxli, moiwios... devnad aliTa cecxlisaTa~ (es. 66, 16).
cecxli uflis winasaxea SesaqmeSic, roca mayvalsmodebuli cecxli ar
wvavda mcenares (am sakiTxze dawvrilebiT visaubreT RvTisSoblis
maradqalwulobis aRmniSvnel saxeebSi).
axal aRTqmaSi cecxlTan aris asocirebuli aseve suliwmidis gardamosv-
la mociqulebze. aqedan gamomdinare, cecxls borotebis, ukeTur ZalTa gana-
dgurebis funqcia akisria. TeologiaSi ganswavlul himnografTa sityvis Za-
66
la da mravalferovneba igrZnoba, roca isini RvTismSobels ùsxeulo cecx-
lis saydrad~ da `RvTis gardamosvlis saydrad~ moiazreben:A `...saydarsa
RmrTisa gardamosvlisasa, wmidasa mas dedofalsa, saunjesa suliersa madl-
isasa, RmrTisa sityÂsa mSobelsa, misgan ganÃorcielebulisasa, zecad aRmyva-
nebelsa Cuensa angelozni adideben maT Tana SemaerTebelsa Cuensa~ (73, 235).
karavi. gamosvlaTa wignSi naTqvamia, rom moses karavi gakeTebuli iyo
oTxi saxis qsovilisa da tyavisagan, romelic gadaWimuli iyo xis ConCxze.
misi SigniTa fena warmoadgenda selis gadasafareblebs, romelsac lurji,
Zoweuli da Wiaferi matylisagan naqsovi saxeebi amSvenebda. mis zemoT gan-
lagebuli iyo Tbili qsovilis fena. aseTive qsovilis naWeri karis movale-
obasac asrulebda. karavs garedan cxvris tyavisagan gakeTebuli wyalgaum-
tari gadasafarebeli ekra, romelic wiTlad iyo SeRebili.
karavi SigniT or nawilad iyofoda. ufro momcro, karebidan Sors mdeba-
re senaki _ `wmidaTa wmidad~, e.i. yvelaze wmida adgilad iwodeboda. mxo-
lod mRvdelmTavars hqonda weliwadSi erTxel iq Sesvlis ufleba.
`wmidaTa wmida~ ufro didi oTaxisagan grexili selis kretsabmeliT iyo
gamoyofili. savaneSi Sesasvlels Camofarebuli hqonda agreTve naqargi gre-
xili selis Camosafarebeli. (gam. 25, 27; 30, 1-10; 17-21).
himnografiaSi gavrcelebul RvTismSoblis am simbolos winasaxes wminda
mamebi swored mose winaswarmetyvelis mier agebul karavSi xedaven, romelic
moZrav taZars warmoadgenda. wmida ioane damaskeli gvixsnis Zveli aRTqmise-
uli karvis mniSvnelobas dedofalTan mimarTebaSi: `mouderkin karavi mra-
val ganTqumuli, romeli udabnosa zeda mose Semzada yovliT kerZoTa da
mravalsasyidlisaTa nivTTa mier da pirvel missa abrahamisica igi amisisa
mamisaÁ suliersa amas da sityÂersa karavsa RmrTisasa, romeli ese ara Tu
moqmedebaTa RmrTisaTa saunje, aramed arsebiTisa mis da guamovnebiTisa
sityÂsa RmrTisa guamisa samkÂdrebel iqmna~ (166, 120).
saxe-simboloebiT mdidari bibliuri samyaro aseve icnobs abraamis
karavsac, romelic aseve RvTismSoblis hipodigmadaa miCneuli. Sesaqmis Ta-
naxmad, abraam mamamTavars mamres muxasTan RmerTi gamoecxada sami mgzavris
saxiT, roca is karvis karTan ijda. erT-erTma maTganma abraams uwinas-
warmetyvela, rom mas Svili eyoleboda sarasgan. RvTis winaswarmetyveleba
67
axda. abraams eyola isaaki. aqedan gamomdinare, himnografiaSi abraamis karavi
RvTis damtevnel qalwulad iqna moazrebuli. `vinaidan mariam RvTismSoblis
meSveobiT moevlina adamianebs uxilavi RmerTi xilulad, amdenad, himnogra-
febma alegoriulad abraamis karavi macxovris dedad warmosaxes~ (102, 68).
ioane minCxis erT-erT sagalobelSi abraamis karavi RvTis damtevneli qal-
wulis saSodaa moazrebuli: `karavman abrahamisaman daitia RmerTi dautevne-
li da moaswava saSoÁ Seni~ (73, 155).
himnebsa da homiliebSi `karavi~ rogorc calke, ise sxvadasxva epiTetTan
erTad (`sameufo karavi~, `ganwmendili karavi~, `sulieri karavi~, `wminda
karavi~, `maRlis karavi~...) gamxdara RvTismSoblis gandidebis erT-erTi
simbolo, romlis ZaliTac SesaniSnavad warmoCnda wminda mariamis madli
codvilTa winaSe: `gixaroden, karavo RmrTiv aRSenebulo da simrguled
cisa Semzadebulo, uvrceleso zecisa kamaraTao, romlisa mier TÂsiT piriT
ezraxa RmerTi kacTa da romlisa mier sofelsa moeniWa salxinebeli
saukunoÁ~ (166, 107); `karav iqmna sanatreli mariam caTaÁ da queynisaÁ,
Semoqmedi itvirTa da misgan gamovida mfeneli sulTa CuenTaÁ~ (142, 7);
`karvad sameufod gamoSCndi RmrTismSobelo, rameTu Sengan gamobrwyinda
simarTlis mzÀ, mÃsneli da macxovari sulTa CuenTaÁ~ (142, 414); `karavi gan-
wmendili, qalwuli ubiwoÁ~ (142, 434); `RmrTisa dedao da qalwulo, gadi-
debT cxorebisa wyarosa dauwyuedelsa, karavsa suliersa RmrTisasa~ (101,
10); `gixaroden karavo wmidao, abrahamis gamosaxulo~ (72, 381); `gixaroden,
karavo maRlisao~ (109, 347).
droTa ganmavlobaSi himnografTa mier karvis Sinaarsi RvTismSobelTan
mimarTebaSi ufro gaRrmavda, igi caTa da qveynis karvad iqca: `karav iqna sa-
natreli mariam caTaÁ da queyanisaÁ, Semoqmedi itvirTa da misgan gamovida
mÃsneli sulTa CuenTaÁ~ (142, 7).
karvis simbolikam RvTismSoblis saxlad, sulier sadgurad moazrebis
safuZvelic Seqmna: `saxli, romel iSena RmrTisa sibrZneman – dedaÁ TÂsi,
wmidaÁ qalwuli ubiwoÁ, sulieri sadguri caTa mobaZavi~... (73, 328). ioane min-
Cxis daxvewilma mxatvrulma gemovnebam RvTismSoblis `RvTis sityvis sadgu-
rad~ da `marTal sulTa sadgurad~ saxeldebaSic iCina Tavi, riTac sadgu-
ris sulieri Sinaarsi kidev ufro gamravalferovnda: `caÁ igi sulieri da
68
sadguri sityÂsa RmrTisaÁ – qalwuli dRes aRmaRlda casa caTasa da mara-
dis iqebis angelosTa da kacTagan Rirsad, saukunod ididebis, viTarca de-
daÁ RmrTisaÁ~ (73, 333); `viTarmed gxadodiT Sen, mariam, sadgurad sulTa mar-
TalTa~ (73, 227).
amdenad, taZari, karavi, saxli, sadguri erTnairi saxeobrivi Sinaarsis
matarebeli saxeebia _ isini gamoxataven macxovris damtevnel RvTismSobels.
rogorc vnaxeT, qarTvel himnografTa SemoqmedebiTi interesis mTavari
sagani RvTaebrivi movlenebis ara mxolod gaxseneba, aramed maTi Seqebaa,
raSic umTavres masalas maT wmida werili aZlevs. magram oden wmida
weriliseuli movlenebis moxmoba, bunebrivia, aseTi mimzidveli ver
iqneboda, rom ara zegardmo madli, romelic maT SemoqmedebiT interess
aRvivebda. rogorc wmida movlenebi ar aResruleboda, aseve, arc maTi qeba
warmoiTqmoda uflis nebis gareSe. radganac Zveli aRTqmis epoqa
gansakuTrebiT mdidari iyo simbolo-alegoriebiT, amitomac himnografTa
interesi gansakuTrebuli aqtiurobiT gamoixata mis mimarT. uSualod
qarTvel himnografTa teqstebze da wminda werilze dakvirvebiT, vnaxeT, Tu
ra gza gaiara aq moxmobilma saxe-simboloebma. gamoCnda, rom TiToeuli
simbolo wminda mariamis hipodigmuri saxea, Zvel aRTqmaSi winaswarmetyve-
lurad moaswavebda macxovris damtevnel RvTismSobels, rac axal aRTqmaSi
ukve gacxadebuladaa warmodgenili. qarTvelma himnografebma ki TiToeul
saxes mxatvruli elferi SesZines da kidev erTxel ganadides wminda mariami
_ ieso qristes samkvidrebeli _ am simboloTa moxmobiT.
69
3. RvTismSoblis simbolika mcenareTa da frinvelTa saxismetyvelebis
mixedviT
mcenareTa da frinvelTa Sesaxeb uZvelesi droidan arsebobda sxvadasxva

warmodgenebi da is arc simbolur-alegoriuli azrovnebis mqone Zveli da
axali aRTqmis epoqas darCenia yuradRebis miRma, amasTan, maT arqetipebs
axali saxeobrivi datvirTva mianiWa. sasuliero mwerlobam, romelic bibli-
as emyareba, SeiTvisa maTi saxismetyvelebiTi datvirTva da Tavisi Tematikis
organul nawilad aqcia. mcenareTa da frinvelTa simbolika miemarTeba mac-
xovars, RvTismSobels, wmindanebs... aq warmodgenili TiToeuli saxe bibli-
idan, kerZod, Zveli aRTqmidan momdinareobs. qarTvelma himnografebma ki
mxatvruli sityvis wyalobiT, moaxerxes maTi gamoyeneba wmindanebTan
mimarTebaSi, am SemTxvevaSi, wminda mariamis atributad aqcies da
mkiTxvelamde originaluri saxiT miitanes.
xe cxovrebisa. rogorc cnobilia, indur miTologiaSi sicocxlis xe,
romelic kosmiuri kvercxisgan izrdeba, ganasaxierebda materialuri
samyaros Semqmnel brahmas. `xe cxovrebisa~ bibliur-zeciur ierusalimSi
Tormet nayofs isxams... zustad aseve, Zveli indoeTisa da CineTis
miTologiaSi msoflio xis totebSi Tormeti `mziuri frinveli~
cxovrobda~ (5, 152).
pirveli mcenare, romelic bibliuri saxismetyvelebis kvalobaze mariam
RvTismSobelze mianiSnebs, aris `xe cxovrebisa~. es xatovani gamoTqma,
macxovris erT-erT metaforadaa miCneuli, xolo SedarebiT iSviaTad
gamoiyeneba mariam RvTismSobelTan mimarTebaSi.
`xe cxovrebisa~ xSirad gardaisaxeboda xolme samyaros Seqmnis
metaforad. araerTi kulturuli tradiciis mixedviT, es xe wminda mTaze an
samoTxeSi izrdeba. sulieri energiis nakaduli misi fesvebidan mosCqefs.
Zveli aRTqmis dasawyisSive vkiTxulobT: `da aRmoacena RmerTman mere
queyaniT yoveli xe Suenieri xilvad da keTili saWmelad da xe cxovrebisa
_ Soris samoTxesa da xe igi _ cnobadi keTilisa da borotisa~ (dab. 2, 9).
`xe cxovrebisas~ saTanado axsna-ganmarteba mogvca araerTma didma saekle-
sio moRvawem. grigol noselis mixedviT, àw ukue erTi ars Zali sityvisaÁ
70
mis, ukueTu sTqua: xe cxovrebisa, ginaTu xe igi, romelsa ewodebis
yovelive, romlisa gemoÁ misi dabadebulTaTvis... viTarca xatebaÁ RmrTisaÁ~
(143, 190) damowmebuli sityvebis komentirebisas laura grigolaSvili
SeniSnavs, rom `xe cxovrebisas~ sinonimad RvTismetyvelebaSi gvxvdeba
yoveli xe. es saxeebi erTi SinaarsiT arian datvirTulni da erT azrs
gulisxmoben (49, 62).
grigol noseli `xe cxovrebisas~ sibrZnis, sikeTis, WeSmaritebis
simbolod miiCnevs, ris safuZvelsac mas bibliuri teqsti unda aZlevdes:
`netar ars kaci, romelman pova sibrZne da mokudavman, romelman ixila
goniereba, rameTu umjobes ars ese mogebad, vidreRa oqrosa da vercxlisa
saunjesa... xe cxovrebasa ars, yovelTa romelTa Seiwynaron igi, da romelni
Sevedrebul arian mas, viTarca uflisa mimarT, ucTomel~ (igav. 3, 13-18).
`xe cxovrebisa~ macxovris simboloa axal aRTqmaSic: `mivhsce mas Wamad
Zelisa misgan cxovrebisa, romel ars Soris samoTxesa RuTisasa~ (gamocx. 2,
7). aseve: `da miCuena mdinare wmindaÁ erTi wylisa cxovelisa, brwyinvale vi-
Tar broli, gamomavali saydrisagan RuTisa da kravisa, maT Soris sivrcesa
mis qalaqisasa da mdinarisa misa mier wiaRvli xe cxovrebisa, nayofisa
gamomRebeli aTormetTa nayofTa~ (gamocx. 22, 1-2). aSkaraa, rom aq `xe
cxovrebisa~ macxovaria, àTormet nayofSi~ ki misi 12 mowafe igulisxmeba.
xis simbolikis macxovris saxed warmodgena arc himnografebisTvisaa ucxo:
`ganeRo dRes beTlems samoTxeÁ, movediT, gemoÁ vixiloT xisa mis
cnobadisa, romel ars qriste, saRmrToÁ igi yuavili~ (72, 161). tite mosias
dakvirvebiT, aq `xe cnobadi~ ieso qristes adamianuri bunebis cnobadobaze
unda mianiSnebdes. himnografebi aseve ganadideben cxovrebis xis damnergvel
qalwuls: `qalwulo mariam, dahnerge xe cxovrebisa ubiwoo~ (168, 158);
sxvagan ki wminda mariami Tavadac cxovrebis xedaa warmodgenili, radganac
igia dasabami cxorebis: `xe cxovrebisa gueqmna wmidaÁ qalwuli mariam da
venaxi WeSmaritebisa, romelman gamoiRo tevanni cxovrebisa~ (180, 151).
`xe cxovrebisa~ kacobriobisaTvis saSualebaa sulieri ganwmendis, gada-
rCenis, yofierebis wnexidan gaTavisuflebis. marTlac, Tavisi agebulebiT,
xe ganviTarebis simboloa, misi totebis mravalferovneba ki _ erTianobis.
71
viktor nozaZe Tavis gamouqveynebel naSromSi `mSvenierebis Teoriebi~
sicocxlis xed saxeldebs alvis xesac da bibliuri monacemebis damowmebis
Semdeg wers: `TiTqmis yvelgan xe warmodgenili aris miTosurad, msoflios
gamomxatvelad. xe aris xati msofliosi: misi wveri, gvirgvini aris caTa
samyaro, misi tani aris miwaze, xolo Ziri da fesvebi _ dedamiwis gulSi.
amasTanave, es msoflio xe aris sicocxlis xec. am miTosuri Sexedulebebi-
dan gamodis is rwmena, rom Cveni xe, miwieri xe, aris msoflio xisa da si-
cocxlis xis (xe cxovrebisa) gamomsaxveli. es xe aerTianebs qvesknels,
zedapirs da zesknels~ (116, 26).
bibliur-saRvTismetyvelo mwerlobaSi `xe~ mxatvruli Sedarebis
obieqticaa: `da iyos igi, viTarca xe, danerguli Tanawarsadinelsa
wyalTasa, romelman gamoscis nayofi misi Jamsa Tvissa da furcelni, misni
ara dascviven~ (fs. 1, 3), e.i. fsalmunSi uflis rjulis damcveli netari
kacis bunebis gamosaxatavad Sedarebis obieqtad wylis piras darguli xea
gamoyenebuli.
venaxi/vazi. mcenareTa saRvTismSoblo simboloebidan himnografiasa da,
zogadad, sasuliero mwerlobaSi gavrcelebulia venaxi, romelsac enacvle-
ba vazi.
es xviara mcenare, dakidebuli mtevnebiT, palestinis umniSvnelovanesi
nayofieri kulturaa. mcenares rgavdnen mwkrivSi, winaswar saguldagulod
gamzadebul niadagSi, mTis mzvare kalTebze. yovel gazafxulze vazs
sxlavdnen, xolo roca mtevnebi Semwifdeboda, venaxis patroni saTvalTva-
lo koSkidan fxizlad adevnebda Tvalyurs, rom venaxSi arc cxovels SeeR-
wia, arc adamians. mosavlis ZiriTad nawils wuravdnen. venaxi iyo israelis
erovnuli emblema, mSvidobisa da keTildReobis simbolo. ieso vazis saxes
Tavis xuT igavSi iyenebs, xolo ioanes saxarebaSi Tavis Tavs WeSmarit vazs
uwodebs, Tavis mimdevrebs ki _ vazis lerwebs. (ricxv. 13, 21; 24-25; maT. 9, 17;
20, 1-7; luk. 13, 6-9; ioan. 15,1...).
vazi iyo pirveli mcenare (faqtobrivad, ganasaxiera `xe cxovrebisa~), ro-
melic noem warRvnis Semdeg dargo, xolo gamosvlaTa wignSi ki pirveli ni-
Sani imisa, rom egviptidan gamosulma ebraelebma aRTqmul miwas miaRwies.
venaxi miCneuli iyo, aseve, bunebis siuxvis, siZlierisa da silamazis erT-
72
erT simbolodac. àramed odes uCueno mSvidoba, venaÃman misces nayofi mi-
si, da queyanaman mosces naSromni TÂsni...~ (zaq. 8, 12); `da ganisuenebdes kaca-
di queSe venaÃsa TÂssa, da kacadi queSe kerZo leRvisa TÂsisa da ara iyos
maSinebeli, rameTu piri uflisa yovlisa mpyrobelisa ityoda amaT~ (miq. 4,
4).
venaxi israelis saxlad iTvleba esaia winaswarmetyvelTan, xolo
iudeveli xalxi mis nergad aris moazrebuli: `rameTu venaÃi uflisa
sabaoTisi saxli israilisa ars da kaci iudaÁsaÁ _ axalnergi Seyvarebuli.
velode, raÁTamca yo mSjavri, xolo yo uSjuloeba; da ara simarTle,
aramed RaRadeba~ (es. 5, 7).
`qristianuli vazi~ Zireulad gansxvavdeba im dionisuri simboliz-
misagan, romelic Rvinis RvTaebas, baxusis (dionises) saxels ukavSirdeba da
grZnobadi, hedonuri, erotiuli kulturis mTel plasts qmnis~. (5, 68).
yurZeni da xorbali (Rvino da puri) qristes sisxlsa da xorcs aRniSnavs,
evqaristuli simboloebia. qristianul xelovnebasa da arqiteqturaSi vazi,
upirveles yovlisa, swored mkvdreTiT aRdgenis simbolo iyo da mxolod
amis Semdeg _ stumarTmoyvareobis, siuxvis, Semodgomis gansaxiereba. ioanes
saxarebis mixedviT vazi Tavad qristea (ioan. 15, 1). radgan vazis simbolika
RvTis madls moaswavebda, amitomac sodomis codvil miwaze yurZeni
saWmelad uvargisi iyo. moses rjuldebiT, nebismier gamvlels SeeZlo eWama
yurZeni sxvisi venaxidan, oRond nayofi saxlSi ar unda waeRo, mxolod da
mxolod wyurvili unda moekla. yurZnis mosavlis aReba _ rTveli, bibli-
uri gagebiT dResaswaulad iTvleboda:Lar SeiZleboda yurZnis usixarulod
krefa, xolo uwmindurebs ekrZalebodaT rTvelSi monawileobis miReba.
qarTvelebi vazs `sicocxlis xed~ Tvlidnen. cnobilia, rom Cveni
winaprebisTvis mze astralur RvTaebad iTvleboda, xolo vazi mis mcenares
ganasaxierebda. gavrcelebuli warmodgeniT vazs SeeZlo yvelaze metad
Seewova mzis Zala. am Zalas Seiwovda ara marto mcenaris foTlebi da
mtevani, aramed tanic. es ki iyo mzisgan mocemuli siyvarulis Zala. `mtevani
da tani vazisa qaluri siyvaruliT ganicdidnen mzis Zalas, romelsac
cxovelTagan ganasaxovnebda lomi. am ZaliT iyo dagrexili vazis tani,
amave ZaliT etmasneba igi Wigos. amaSive iyo misi silamaze, Tu gnebavT
73
mziuri silamaze. amitom iyo mimzidveli vazis mimoxra da amitomac
daamsgavses mas qarTuli CuqurTma~ (129, 26). qristianobam uxvad gamoiyena
mzisa da vazis simbolika, amitomacaa, rom taZarTa SemkulobaSi maT
garkveuli adgili ukavia. am mcenaris ornamentiT Semkulia bagratis taZris
svetisTavi (XI s.), jvris monasteri (VI s.), ateni (VII s.), samTavisi (XI s.) (39,
181).
venaxs uZvelesi droidanve pativs scemdnen saqarTveloSi. `Cvenamde
moRweuli materialuri kulturis Zeglebi, damwerlobis, mxatvrobis,
skulpturis monacemebi da reliqviebi mowmoben, rom kaspiis, Savi da
xmelTaSua zRvis raionebi warmoadgendnen uZveles centrebs kulturuli
vazisa~ (110, 8).
tradiciuli SexedulebiT, saqarTveloSi sakralurad iTvleboda is
adgilic, sadac Rvino iwureboda. `marani anu saRvine saxli moiazreboda
rogorc sakraluri teritoria, romelSic RvTaebrivi Zala sufevs. masze
datanebuli iyo jvari~ (2, 9).
am mxriv, vfiqrobT, aRniSvnis Rirsia andro lekiaSvilis wigni `Sen xar
venaxi~, sadac avtori venaxs eTnologiur-istoriuli kuTxiT ganixilavs da
cdilobs magaliTebis moxmobiT ganamtkicos is azri, rom venaxis
Tavdapirveli samyofi amierkavkasia, kerZod, saqarTveloa. `jer kidev
meCvidmete saukunis italieli misioneri arqanjelo lamberti Tavis wignis,
`samegrelos aRweris~ furclebze imowmebda noes Sesaxeb bibliur
gadmocemas, rogorc saqarTveloSi miwaTmoqmedebis Soreuli tradiciebis
damadasturebel sabuTs. am gadmocemis Tanaxmad, mevenaxeoba Tavdapirvelad
amierkavkasiaSi Caisaxa. aq, araratis mTis sanaxebSi, gadmovida Tu ara
kidobnidan, ìwyo noe kacman saqmed qveynisa, da daasxa venaxi da sva
Rvinisagan da daiTro~, _ gvauwyebs biblia, `SesaqmeTa wigni~ (86, 7).
axal aRTqmaSi venaxi qristes erT-erTi simboloa: `me var venaÃi
WeSmariti da mamaÁ Cemi moqmed ars~ (ioan. 15, 1). aseTive mniSvnelobiT
damkvidrda venaxi sasuliero poeziaSic: `da maT venaxi cxovrebisaÁ juars
gacues~ (73, 273) _ mimarTavs himnografi macxovars.
74
sasuliero mwerlobaSi arsebul simboloTa Soris venaxi erT-erTi im
saxeTagania, romelic gamoiyeneba rogorc macxovris, aseve RvTismSoblis
simbolod.
`venaxi~ gansakuTrebul qebas imsaxurebs himnografTagan. igi `gonieria~,
radganac RvTis dambadebelia, meufis samkvidrebelia, amitomac aseve
`sameufoa~: `RmrTismSobelsa vadidebdeT, mSobelsa da qalwulsa, dedasa
meufisasa, venaÃsa goniersa~ (73, 160); `viTarmed gxadodiT Sen, mariam,
venaxad sameufod, qalaqad RmrTisa maRlisad~ (3 227) _ vkiTxulobT ioane
minCxis sagalobelSi.
himnografiaSi venaxi ara mxolod qristesa da RvTismSoblis, aramed
wmidanTa erT-erT simbolodac qceula. wmindanis venaxTan Sedareba im
faqtma ganapiroba, rom is iseve dauSurveblad gamcemia madlisa, rogorc
venaxi uxvad gamomRebeli nayofisa. himnografTan wmida basili didi saRvTo
venaxis rtoa: `rtod venaxisa saRvToÁsa gamoSCndi Sen basili, saTnovebisa
tevanni gamoixuen mamao da RvinoÁ gulisxmisyofisaÁ asu samwysoTa
qristeÁsTa yovlad netaro~ (99, 121).
sayuradReboa, rom wmida mamaTa Sromebis mixedviT, `mesiis mier jojo-
xeTis cecxlisagan daxsnili adamianebic qristes `sayurZnesa~ danergil ve-
naxad Tvlian Tavs, e.i. qristes sasufevelSi damkvidrebulad: ùfalman Cue-
nman mogÂyvanna venaÃsa Tvissa; danergulmca varT, viTarca venaÃni sayurZne-
sa qristessa, rameTu igi Tavadi ars venaÃi WeSmariti~ (160, 305).
venaxi originaluri epiTetiT gamSvenebuli warmogvidgeba andria
kritelis sakiTxavSi `SobisaTÂs RmrTismSobelisa~: `venaÃi rqaSuenieri
annaÁsagan aRmoscenda da tevani sitkboebisaÁ aRyuavilna~ (166, 121). annasagan
Sobili `rqaSuenieri venaxi~ _ mariami sitkboebis tevanis anu qristes
gamomRebia.
aRsaniSnavia rom, qristes erT-erTi saxelad TeologiaSi tevanic aris
cnobili, rasac aseve bibliuri safuZveli eZebneba: `moisTuleT tevanni igi
venaxisa mis qveynisa, rameTu damwifebul ars yurZeni igi misi~ (gamocx. 15,
18). aqedan gamomdinare, tevani himnografiaSi gamoiyeneba rogorc macxovris,
aseve RvTismSoblisa da wmidanebis Rvawlis warmosaCenadac: `romelmanca
gamoixuen tevanni Suenierni, gundni igi mowameTani~ (72, 127).
75
venaxis saxismetyvelebiT ganmartebisas revaz siraZe dasZens, `venaxi~
sisavsis siWarbes moaswavebs. venaxs am sisavses mze aniWebs. venaxi mziTaa
aRvsili, rogorc RvTismSobeli RvTaebriobiT. amitom yovladwmida mariami
Tavisi RvTismSoblobiT Tavissave Tavs sWarbobs~ (129, 101).
himnografiaSi venaxis simbolosTan dakavSirebuli tropuli azrovnebis
brwyinvale saxeebi damkvidrda: `venaxi gonieri~, `venaxi WeSmariti~, `venaxi
Suenieri~, `rqaSuenieri venaxi~, `sameufo venaxi~, `saRmrTo venaxi~, `siwmin-
dis tevani~. rogorc vnaxeT, venaxis (vazis) saxismetyveleba sabolood
srulyo qristianulma religiam, rac Sesabamisad aisaxa sasuliero
poeziaSi.
morCi. axal aRTqmaSi vkiTxulobT: `Ziri igi, wmida ars da rtonica
misni~ (rom. 11,16). `morCi-norCi, _ ganmartavs sulxan-saba, _ axal mozarde~.
n. CubinaSvilsac morCi-norCi axsnili aqvs, rogorc axalmozardi nergi.
morCi saRvTo saxeladaa cnobili areopagitikidan: `wyaro RmrTeebisa
mamaÁ, xolo Ze da suli RmerTmSobelisa mis RmrTeebisaÁ esreTu jer ars
Tqumad, morC RmrTiv mcenare da reca yuavil da zeSTaarsebisa naTel.
xolo Tu viTar ars ese esreT, amisi arca TqumaÁ, arca mogonebaÁ
SesaZlebel ars~ (119, 20-21).
`morCi~, `venaxis~ rigis simboloa, romelic himnografebs, rogorc
qristes, aseve mariam RvTismSoblis warmomavlobis gamosaxatavad
gamouyenebiaT. RvTismSobeli himnografiaSi ieses Ziridan aRmocenebulad
aris moxseniebuli: `qalwuli wmidaÁ ieses Zirisagan aRmogvicenda da gviSva
sityuaÁ RmrTisa~ (168, 40); `nayofi ukudavebisaÁ aRmocenebuli morCTagan
iesesTa~ (99, 399). `morCis~ ganmartebas RvTismSobelTan dakavSirebiT
gvTavazobs wmida andria kriteli: `mxolosa mas wmidasa da wmidaTa
yovelTa uwmidessa yovlad yovliTurT wmidad gamoCinebulsa mis Soris da
damkÂdrebulisa misda ubiwod suliT da ÃorciT. mariams vityÂ didsa mas
da namdÂlve samsaxurebelsa saxelsa sityÂTca da saqmiTca, winaswar
metyuelebrivsa Zirsa, kuerTxsa iesessa, maradis yuavilovansa morCsa
iudaÁssa, romlisa mier zesTa soflisaÁ Ze RmrTisaÁ, TanadausabamoÁ mSobe-
lisa mamisaÁ ÃorciTa aRmoecena~ (166, 131). am ganmartebaSi mariam RvTismSo-
76
beli winaswarmetyvelebrivi Ziria, ieses kuerTxia, marad ayvavebuli iudas
morCia _ ase ganadidebs wmida mama qalwulis warmomavlobas.
aqedan gamomdinare, sasuliero poeziaSi mariam RvTismSoblis hipodigmad
ieses morCic damkvidrebula: `dRes aRyuavilna kverTxi igi esaias
qadagebuli, romeli igi aRmocenda morCTagan iesÀsa da gamoiRo nayofi igi
momwydarTa cxovelsmyofeli qristÀ~ (72, 81). demetre-damianes sityvebiT
RvTismSobelia `morCi keTili”, anu ZiriTve sikeTea masSi da, amasTanave,
maradiul bednierebasaa naziarebi _ èdemsaa danerguli”. mxolod amgvari
keTili morCisagan SeiZleboda aRmocenebuliyo `surnelovani yvavili~.
ioane minCxic am epiTetis darTviT warmogviCens wminda mariamis
mSvenierebas: `morCi keTili aRmoscendi, RvTismSobelo, yovladqebulo, ro-
melman gviSev Cuen yvavili sulneli, romelman sulnel yvna kideni sofli-
sani morwmuneTaTvis~ (73, 202). arc himiliebSia ucxo am saxelis mariam
RvTismSoblis simbolod gamoyeneba: `gixaroden, kuerTxo ahronisao, Ziro
ieseso, morCo daviTiso~ (166, 146); `mcenare uwods morCsa da morCad vismca
sxuasa gulisxmahyofd sayuarelo, anu Tu cxad ars, viTarmed sakuTrad
SedrginebiT mxolosa mas wmidasa da wmidaTa yovelTa uwmidessa yovlad
yovliTurT wmidad gamoCinebulsa mas Soris da damkvidrebulisa misda
ubiwod suliT da xorciT, mariams vityvi, didsa mas da namdvilve
samsxurebelsa saxelsa sityviTca da saqmiTca winaswarmetyuelebrivsa
Zirsa, kuerTxsa iesessa, maradis yvavilovansa morCsa iudaÁssa~ (166, 131).
aqedan gamomdinare, RvTismSobeli genealogiiT aris daviT winaswarmet-
yvelis morCi, ylorti, Sto.
yvavili. yvavili, SeiZleba iTqvas, bunebis lakonuri simboloa _ misi
srulyofilebis, misi maradiuli wrebrunvis: dabadebis, sicocxlis, sikvdi-
lis da kvlav aRorZinebis ganmasaxierebeli. TiToeul yvavils, ra Tqma un-
da, simbolurad Taviseburi datvirTva aqvs, misi formisa da feris gaTva-
liswinebiT, magram erTi cxadia, rom maT simbolikaSi aris raRac saerToc:
yvavili ganasaxierebs silamazes, srulyofas, sikeTes. àRmosavlur religi-
ebSi aqcenti gadatanilia yvavilis, rogorc sulieri gafurCqvnis, gasxivos-
nebis simbolizmze... brahma da buda yvavilTa Soris arian gamosaxulni. qri-
77
stianul ikonografiaSi gansakuTrebiT TvalSisacemia `xarebis~ mizanscene-
bi, sadac angelozs xelT SroSani upyria~ (5, 107).
yvavili im simboloTagania romelic sasuliero mwerlobaSi rogorc
Sobils, ise mSobels miemarTeba. amis safuZvlad ki esaia winaswarmetyvelis
sityvebi unda miviCnioT: `da gamovides kuerTxi Zirisagan iesessa da
yuavili Zirisagan aRmoxdes~ (es. 11, 1), ris Sesaxebac pirdapiraa miTiTebuli
miqael modrekilTan: `rameTu aRmoscendi Sen yuavilad ZirTagan iesesTa
esaias mier qadagebiTa~ (99, 4); himnografebTan qriste `saRmrTo yvavilia:~
`ganeRo dRes beTlems samoTxeÁ. movediT gemoÁ vixiloT xisa mis
cnobadisaÁ, romel ars qristÀ. saRmrToÁ igi yuavili, romlisaganca
sitkboebaÁ iwnixa saidumloÁ. ganmwmedeli sulTa CuenTaÁ~ (72, 64).
mxatvruli sityvis ostatebi metad originalurad aRweren qalwulisgan
yvavilis gamosvlis saidumlos:
`SevamkobdeT yovlad wmidasa RmrTismSobelsa,
romelman gamoiRo yuavili igi sunelebisaÁ
da gandevna sulmyralobaÁ codvaTa CuenTaÁ
viTarca RmerT ars~ (72, 68).
himnografi alegoriuli eniT gadmoscems qristes amqveynad movlinebis
RvTaebriv saidumlos, romelSic adamianTa sikvdilisagan gamoxsna da
maTTvis ukvdavebis miniWeba igulisxmeba.
qarTul himnografiaSi uxvadaa imis magaliTebi, roca macxovari ieses Zi-
ridan amozrdil yvavilad iwodeba: ìeses Zirisagan aRmocendi morCi sit-
kboebisaÁ da gamoiRe yuavili yovelTave sulnel myofeli~ (99, 23). iqve
macxovari wminda mariamisgan aRmocenebul yvavilad gvesaxeba: `SevamkobdeT
yovlad wmidasa, RmrTismSobelsa, romelman gamoiRo yuavili igi sul-
nelebisaÁ~ (99, 143); `gixaroden mariam, wmidao qalwulo, romelman gamoiRe
yuavili igi aRdgomisa mkudreTiT~ (125, 204) da a.S.
sasuliero mwerlobaSi yvavili ara mxolod macxovris, aramed RvTis-
mSoblis metaforacaa: `gixaroden kidobano, daviTis gamosaxulo da yuavi-
lo solomonis moswavebulo~ (99, 492). `gixaroden, yovlad wmidao
qalwulo... dauWnobelo yuavilo~ (142, 510) _ naTqvamia uZveles iadgarSi.
epiTeti `dauWnobeli yvavili~ SesaniSnavad gamoxatavs qalwul mariamis
78
maradiul bunebas. am saxiT es epiTeti wmidanTa Rvawlis warmosaCenadac
gamouyenebiaT himnografebs: `siyvarulman qristesman SegiTxza Sen gvirgvini
surnelTagan dauWnobelTa yuavilTa da gixaris marTalTa Tana sasufevel-
sa Sina, sada TviT hnaTobs bunebiTi igi naTeli~ (72, 158). `dauWnobeli yvavi-
lisagan~ SeTxzuli gvirgvini im RvTiuri madlis gamomxatvelia, romelic
wmidanebs emosaT.
`RvTismSoblis Sobis sakiTxavSi~ dedofali dasaxulia yovelnair yva-
vilze ufro aRmatebulad: `gixaroden, yuavilo yovelsave fersa yuavilTa
saRebavTasa aRmatebulo mravalferobiTa da Sezavebulo saTnoebaTa Seza-
vebulebiTa, vinaÁ-igi aRmoÃda yuavili msgavsi msgavsisagan da mamakaci sru-
li dedobrivisa guamisagan, romelsa zeda ganisuenes SÂdTa sulTa sityÂsa-
ebr werilisa~ (166, 110).
msgavsi nimuSebi mravlad daiZebneba liturgikul literaturaSi: parakl-
itonSi, sadResaswauloSi, TvenSi. `dauWnobeli yvavilis~ sinonimad ,,marxu-
anSi” vxvdebiT `saRmrTo yvavils~: `xatad siwmidisad sulierad da Semwyna-
rebelad nayofsa madlisasa brwyinvaled gamoCnda dRes anna didebuli da
gÂSva WeSmaritad qalwulebisa saRmrToÁ igi yuavili...~ (Sin 7; 9v-10r).
yoveli adamiani, romelic qristes miuZRvnis mTel Tavis cxovrebas an
misTvis wamebis gvirgvins daidgams, qristes Tanaziari xdeba, vinaidan igi
imeorebs mis mier gavlil gzas. amitomac Tavisi madliT is iseTive
surnelovania, rogorc yvavili: `...aRorZndes saRmrToni igi yuavilni Sueni-
erni pirmetyuelni nergni yovlad dauWnobelni sionisa Svilni gonierni. ax-
lisa aRTqumisa Zeni sulierni...~ (72, 297).
himnografis eniT `saRmrTo yvavili~ wmidanebs ganasaxierebs, romlebic
aseve `pirmetyveli yvavilebic~ arian. himnografis mier wminda abo surnelo-
van yvaviladaa dasaxuli: `yuavili sulneli ZirTagan unayofoTa gamoCnda
feriTa miT mewamuliTa da sulman wmidaman aRitaca zecad gonebiTa dam un
uCuena SuebaÁ wmidaTaÁ yuavilovansa samoTxisasa~ (72, 183). aRsaniSnavia, rom
yvavilis funqcia sasuliero mwerlobaSi misi ormagi mniSvnelobiTaa
motivirebuli: 1) igi mimsgavsebulia adamianTan, radganac `Sesabamis pe-
riodSi gafurCqvnilia, xolo drois mowevnisas iwyebs Wknobas da gaqrobas,
riTac xazi gaesmis adamianTa sicocxlis warmavlobas~ (101, 38). iobis
79
wignSi swored es momentia aqcentirebuli: `rameTu kaci naSobi dedaTaÁ,
minaTu viTarca yuavili yuavin da dascvivis~ (iob. 14, 1-2). wmida werilis
gavleniT, yvavili sasuliero poeziaSic Sesula soflis warmavlobis
simbolod.
magaliTisaTvis sagaloblidan erT adgils movixmobT: `viTarca raÁ yua-
vili velisaÁ da aCrdili ganqarvebadi mswrafl warmaval ars~ (99, 373); 2)
yvavilis Tvisebidan gamomdinare, mas silamazis, srulyofilebis, sikeTis,
mSvenierebis simbolod aRiqvamen, rac adamianTaTvis siamovnebisa da sixaru-
lis momniWebelia. bunebis es ulamazesi qmnileba maradiuli wrebrunvis _
dabadebis, sicocxlis, sikvdilisa da kvlav aRorZinebis ganmasaxierebelia.
rasakvirvelia, meore funqcia ar gamoricxavs pirvels, magram qristesTan
da mariam RvTismSobelTan mimarTebaSi yvavilis swored es meore funqciaa
aqcentirebuli.
aqedan gamomdinare, yvavilis metafora gamoiyeneba wmidanebTanac im
surnelis anu madlis warmosaCenad, romelsac qristes gzaze Semdgari
adamianebi atarebdnen.
vardi. `Zveli romauli miTebi wiTel vards omis RmerTs mars, mis cols
veneras (afrodites) da mSvenier adoniss ukavSireben. am miTis berZnuli
versiis Tanaxmad, adonisi sasikvdilod daWra gareulma taxma. rodesac
afrodite Tavis daWril satrfosTan garboda, fexSi TeTri vardis ekali
SeerWo da swored afrodites sisxlma gaawiTla es yvavili.~ (4, 70).
adreqristianuli tradiciebis mixedviT, vardi ueklo iyo pirvel cod-
vamde. qristianobam vardi RvTismSobels daukavSira da simbolurad is uek-
lo vardad iyo miCneuli. Zveli aRTqmis wignebSi igi silamazis, sixarulis,
xotbis, RvTiurobis, sibrZnis, idumalebis, siamayis, mdumarebis simbolos
warmoadgenda. am TvisebebiT gadmovida igi sasuliero mwerlobaSic. amas-
Tan, masSi simbolizirebulia mze da varskvlavebi... `vardi ekalTagan gamor-
Ceuli~ iyo wmindanis atributi.
qristianulma azrovnebam vardi sxva aspeqtiT warmoaCina. vardma mniSvne-
lovani adgili daikava qristianul xelovnebaSic. Aaq `TeTri vardi simbo-
loa qalwul mariamisa, wiTeli ki ganasaxierebs qristes sisxls~ (61, 555).
gavrcelebuli azriT ki vardis butoni qalwulebis simbolod aRiqmeboda
80
(120, 1840). germaneli mxatvris a. diureris suraTze qalwuli mariami vardis
TaigulTan erTad aris gamosaxuli.
silamazis, mSvenierebis, mowameobis simbolod aris warmosaxuli vardi
sasuliero poeziaSi, sadac igi ara mxolod qristesa da RvTismSoblis,
aramed wmidanTa metaforadac gamoiyeneba. mewamuli feris vardi da misi
eklebi ki macxovris mowameobis simbolod aris aRqmuli.
cnobilia, rom vardis simbolika erT-erTi yvelaze popularulia ara
mxolod sasuliero mwerlobaSi, aramed saeroSic, sadac mas qalisa da
mamakacis silamazis gamosaxatavad mimarTavdnen. vardi gamoiyeneboda
agreTve xalxur zepirsityvierebaSi.
himnografiaSi vardis popularobas RvTismSobelTan erTad ieso qristes
simbolod misi gamoyeneba ganapirobebs: àRyuavna nergi igi vardisaÁ morCi
unayofoTaÁ gamomRebeli yuavilisa cxorebisaÁ (99, 318). gavrcelebul saxed
aq mewamuli vardi iTvleba. vardis funqcia himnografebs aseve kargad
SeuTavsebiaT RvTismSoblisTvisac: `viTarca ra vardi da SroSani surneli...
mTaTa Sina da ReleTa msoflioTaÁ, gamogirCia Sen mÃsnelman da daemkÂdra
ra Sen Soris, da iSva ra sulnelebiTa aRavso yoveli sofeli, dedofalo!~
(152, 233) giorgi mTawmidelis ,,TvenSi” qalwul mariamis umankoeba yvavilTa
ramdenime simbolikis moxmobiT iqna xazgasmuli. Mmewamuli vardis, SroSani-
sa da Reles yvavilis Tavmoyra sagalobelSi ganumeorebel kolorits
qmnis: ,,viTarca vardi mewamuli da viTar SroSani da viTar yuavili
ReleTaÁ gpoa qristeman RmerTman da gankacna Sengan, qalwulo~ (47, 259).
mewamuli vardi wmidanTa erT-erTi atributia. stefane sananoisZe wmida
abo Tbilels mewamul vards adarebs: `viTarca vardi Suenier feriTa
mewamuliTa gamoCnda netari [h]abo da sulnel yo eklesiaÁ nelsacxebelTa
wil sxurebiTa sisxlisaÁTa...~ (72, 151). himnografisTvis abo wiTeli vardia,
radganac surnelovani nelsacxeblis nacvlad man sakuTari sisxliT
surnel-yo wmida eklesia. simbolurad vardi aq warmarTTa Soris rwmenis
yvavilobas moaswavebs.
vard-yvavilTan erTad sasuliero literaturaSi eklis simbolikac
gvxvdeba, rac urjuloebis, urwmunoebis, macdurobis, borotebis, mwvaleb-
lobis aRmniSvnelad gvevlineba. ekali negatiuris simbolod iyo miCneuli
81
jer kidev winareqristianul xanaSi. asevea himnografiaSic, sadac kidev
erTxel ikveTeba vardis dadebiTi funqcia masTan mimarTebaSi. saamisod
movitanT ramdenime magaliTs himnografTa Semoqmedebidan: `Seswuen ekalni
igi sacdurebisani~ (99, 113); èkalTa Soris vardad da bnelsa Sina sinaTled
gamoSCndi, netaro anastasi~ (99, 288); `Seswuven uRmrTovebisa ekalni da
RmrTis msaxurebisa nergni nayofierni dahnergen sulsa morwmuneTasa~ (99,
117); `viTarca ra vardi da SroSani surneli... mTaTa Sina da ReleTa msof-
lioTaÁ, gamogirCia Sen mÃsnelman da daemkÂdra ra Sen Soris, da iSva ra
sulnelebiTa aRavso yoveli sofeli, dedofalo!~ (152, 233); ioane minCxis
poeziaSi wmida giorgi surnelovani vardia, romelic èkalTagan unayofo-
Ta~ gamoCnda. cxadia, unayofo ekalSi himnografi warmarT ers unda gulis-
xmobdes: `viTarca vardi surneli, feriTa SuÀnieriTa gamoSCndi ekalTagan
unayofoTa~ (73, 336). `vardi ekalTa Soris~ gavrcelebuli gamoTqmaa
qristianul literaturaSi, sadac igi siwmindis, umankoebis, RvTiurobis
gamoxatulebas warmoadgenda. `vardi ekalTagan gamorCeuli~ aseve wmidanis
atributicaa.
mxatvrul saazrovno sistemaSi vardis simboloze msjelobisas, nestan
sulava mis ramdenime tropul funqcias gamoyofs: `1) vardi aris Sedareba;
2) vardi aris epiTeti; 3) vardi aris metafora; 4) vardi aris simbolo; 5)
vardi xSirad gamoiyeneba alegoriuli TvalsazrisiT~ (133, 52).
SroSani. es spetaki yvavili jer kidev antikuri droidan legendarul
mcenareebs ganekuTvneboda. Zveli berZnebi miiCnevdnen, rom is zevsis meuR-
lis, qalRmerT heras rZisagan aRmocenda. uZvelesi warmodgenebis Tanaxmad,
SroSnis simbolo sxvadasxvanairad iyo gaazrebuli: 1) igi ganasaxierebda
siwmindes, umankoebasa da sisaTuTes, ris gamoc SeuTvisebia qristianul
azrovnebas; SroSani aseve RvTiuri energiis matarebeladac iTvleboda,
amitomac qristianul cnobierebaSi is erTmniSvnelovnad aRiqmeba, rogorc
RvTismSoblis yvavili; 2)SroSans, amave dros, nayofierebisa da erotiulo-
bis simbolodac miiCnevdnen mTel aRmosavleTSi (5, 114).
SroSanis simbolo bibliur-evangelur swavlebidan momdinareobs: `siZe
etyÂs sZalsa sulisa TÂsisaTÂs: me yuavili velisaÁ da SroSani ReleTaÁ.
da viTarca SroSani Soris ekalTa, esreT ars maxlobeli Cemi asulTa~ (qeb.
82
2, 1-2;). nestan sulavas azriT `SroSani ekalTa Soris~ imave rigis mxatvru-
li funqciiTaa datvirTuli, rogoriTac `vardi ekalTa Soris~, riTac Sro-
Sanis gamorCeuloba da misi ekalTagan gansxvavebaa aRniSnuli. `da samo-
slisaTÂs raÁsa hzrunavT? ganicadeniT SroSanni velisani, viTar-igi aRor-
Zindis! ara Surebin, arca sTavn~ (maT. 6, 28), naTqvamia maTes saxarebaSi.
aqve unda aRiniSnos isic, rom mefsalmune mefe daviTis qnari am usaTu-
Tesi yvavilis analogiiT Seiqmna (qnars ebraul enaze ewodeba `SoSan~, anu
`sosan~).
qarTul sasuliero mwerlobaSi mariam RvTismSoblis SroSanTan
Sedarebis klasikur nimuSad iTvleba demetre mefis cnobili iambiko:
`RmrTismSobeli da yovlad patiosani deda, qalwuli, SuÀnieri SroSani~;
ioane damaskelis `sakiTxavSic” araerTgzis dasturdeba es saxe
RvTismSoblis epiTetad: `gixaroden, siwmideo SroSano RmrTiv aRmocenebu-
lo, aRsavseo yovliTa siwmidiTa, romlisa mier aRmoscenda siwmide igi wmi-
daTaÁ, raÁTa ganwmidos sofeli arawmidebisagan”; aseve: `gixaroden, SroSa-
no, romlisa Sobilman SroSanni velisani Semosna da aCuena mSobeli TÂsi
aRsavsed sulnelebiTa sulisa wmidisaÁTa, raJams misgan Seimosa da
uqusuveli igi da Teslisagan miuxebeli samoseli samoselsa mas xolo mo-
nissa damfarveli TÂsiTa brwyinvalebiTa~ (166, 110).
renesansis droidan SroSani asocirebulia xarebasTan; qristianul
ikonografiaSiGgabriel mTavarangelozs RvTismSobelTan miaxlebisas xel-
Si upyria SroSani, an SroSani larnakSi devs massa da wminda mariams So-
ris. radgan SroSani RvTiuri energiis saTnoebriv aspeqts gamoxatavs, qris-
tianul cnobierebaSi is erTmniSvnelovnad RvTismSoblis yvavilad aRiqmeba.
alva. rogorc cnobilia, alva sxva xeTagan foTlis SeferilobiT gan-
sxvavdeba, rac ganapirobebs kidec mis alegoriul mniSvnelobas. misi foT-
lis zedapiri, rac mzis mxaresaa, Riaa, xolo zurgi _ muqi. ès gaoreba ai-
saxa miTSi herakles Sesaxeb, romelSic miwisqveSeTSi Casuli herakles al-
vis totebisagan dawnuli gvirgvini kvamlisagan Seferilobas icvlis. alva
iyo miCneuli frigiuli zevsis, agreTve RvTaeba _ sabziuris wminda xed,
TumcaRa am simbolos samgloviaro elferic axlda~ (4, 21)…simaRlisadmi
swrafvis yvelaze didi energia xeTagan swored alvaSi igrZnoba.
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metad mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom qarTul xalxur poeziasa da
himnografiaSi SemorCenilia alvisa da vazis simboluri kavSirisa da
Canacvlebis kvali. am mxriv sainteresoa demetre-damianes sagalobeli `Sen
xar venaxi~ sadac himnografi wminda mariamis simbolod venaxsa da
surnelovan alvas moixseniebs:
`Sen xar venaxi, axlad aRyuavebuli,
morCi keTili, edemSi danerguli,
alva sulnnelni, samoTxiT gamosruli~... vazisa da alvis aseTi saocari
Serwyma semTxveviTi rodia, rogorc zemoTac aRvniSneT, vazs SeeZlo
yvelaze metad Seewova mzis Zala. am Zalas Seiwovda ara marto mcenaris
foTlebi da mtevani, aramed tanic. anu vazia simbolo mzesTan ziarebis. es
seiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc vazis Sinagani ltolva da buneba, xolo
`mzesTan ziarebis garegani gamoxatuleba ki alvis xis zeswraful,
zeaRmaval ltolvaSi gamJRavnda~ (4, 21). am sagaloblis àlva sulnellni~-
s Tavisebur ganmartebas gvTavazobs tite mosia. misi azriT, àlva~ aq xes
ar niSnavs, aramed sulnel-sakmevels, rac alvis xisagan, an misi
Semadgeneli nawilisagan mzaddeboda, rogoricaa: wiwvebi, girCebi da sxv.
(101, 50).
sainteresoa am striqonis _ àlva sulnnelni, samoTxiT gamosruli~ _
revaz siraZiseuli gaazrebac: RvTismSobeli qristianul mwerlobaSi evas
upirispirdeba. swored evas braliT moaklda samoTxes pirveli adamiani,
xolo RvTismSobeli samoTxis mkvidri gaxda (127, 99).
rogorc ar unda iyos, erTi naTeli da cxadia: himnografma am saxis
RvTismSoblisadmi moxmobiT, kidev erTxel cxadyo wminda mariamis
didebuli, zeamaRlebuli buneba, romelic mzadaa TiToeuli Cvengani,
romelic ki macxovarsa da qalwuls Seicnobs, daubrunos pirvelsaxes.
Seuwveli mayvali. qalwulis aRmniSvel simboloTagan, vfiqrobT, yvelaze
metad aRsaniSnavi swored mayvlis simbolikaa, radgan igi deda-qalwulobis
aRmniSvnel saxelTagan yvelaze ufro gavrcelebuli saxea.
mayvlis simboluri mniSvneloba, romelic bibliuri moses buCqidan
momdinareobs (gam. 3, 2), farTod aris gavrcelebuli qristianul mwerloba-
Si. Zvel qarTul enaSi, i. abulaZis leqsikonis mixedviT, sityvas `mayu-
84
ali~/`mayulovani~ unda hqonoda igive mniSvneloba, rac aqvs Tanamedrove
qarTulSi, e.i. `mayvali~. sulxan-sabas leqsikonSi sityvasTan `mayuali~
miTiTebulia gamosl. 3,2 da igi ganmartebulia rogorc `xe~. mayvlis
simboloze msjelobisas q. bezaraSvili da b. kuli miuTiTeben mis ramdenime
mniSvnelobaze: 1. ekliani buCqi; 2. mayvali, mayvlis buCqi. droTa
ganmavlobaSi man dakarga pirveli mniSvneloba da Tanamedrove qarTulSi
mas SemorCa mxolod meore mniSvneloba (30, 64).
arc himnografTaTvisaa ucxo am saxis mariam RvTismSoblis simbolod
gamoyeneba. naTqvamis naTelsayofad movitanT ramdenime magaliTs maTi
Semoqmedebidan: `...viTarca mayualsa Seuwvelsa~ (73, 62); `viTar Sva qalwul-
man viswavoT da viTar cecxli saRmrToÁ wiaRiTa itvirTa da araÁ Seiwva,
viTar mayualo, romeli gamohsaxvida saidumlod Sobasa Sensa qristÀ
RmrTisa sityuao~ (72, 55); `gixaroden qalwulo mariam, Seuwuvelo mayualo,
romeli gixila moseÁ~ (72, 541); ìakob kibed gixila, xolo mose mayulad~...
(72, 189);
`Seuxebelman
saRmrToman cecxlman usxeuloman
araÁ aRagzna
msgavsad mayulisa wmidaÁ qalwuli
da ganakÂrvna
Zalni zesknels caTani, viTarca mose mTasa sinasa~ (72, 21).
ioane damaskelis homiliaSi vkiTxulobT, rom eklis buCqi (mayuali) cas
miemsgavseba RvTismSoblis wyalobiT, anu mis mier RvTis SobiT. am
konteqstSi miwieri eklovaneba da zeciuri sasufeveli upirispirdeba
erTmaneTs, naCvenebia mayvlovanis RvTiuriT ganwmenda: `gixaroden mayualo
cecxlmgzebareo, sakÂrvelebiT aRgzebul da ara Sewvul, datevebiT uvalo
codvisagan, rameTu nergi Seni dauWnobel da mayuali ege caTa mimsgavsebul
RmrTismSobelobiTa SeniTa~ (166, 108).
wmida mamaTa mier sagangebodaa axsnili Seuwveli mayvlis sulieri Sina-
arsi: `viTarca ityÂs winaswarmetyveli mose: mayuali agzebuli da ara Sem-
wuari egzeboda da ara Seiwueboda. ese igi ars: DSva RmerTi da saSoÁ ara
ganÃrwna; muclad-iRo da qalwuli qalwuladve ego; gamovida muceli dak-
85
rZaluli dauteva~ (125, 204). maSasadame, mayvlis Seuwveloba saxismetyveleb-
iTad qalwul mariamis ubiwoebas moaswavebs da amdenad misi hipodigmaa.
bibliuri mayvlis simbolikaze saubrisas akaki baqraZe movlenis Semdeg
models gvTavazobs: `RmerTi _ mayvali _ cecxli. axali aRTqmis mixedviT
es modeli aseT saxes Rebulobs: RmerTi _ RmrTismSobeli _ qriste. roca
am movlenebs erTmaneTs SevadarebT, _ wers akaki baqraZe, _ mkafiod gamoC-
ndeba, rom mayvlis buCqi mariamis simboloa, xolo cecxli – ieso qristesi
(27, 58).
saxismetyvelebiTi azrovnebis wyalobiT cecxlovani buCqis saxeSi
udidesi movlena gacxadda. winaswarmetyvelma mosem pirvelma ixila uflis
xorcSesxma, mis Tvalwin aexada farda qalwulebis saidumlos: `ganhkrTa
guliTa mose, odes ixila ucxoÁ xilvaÁ _ maylovansa mas Sina cecxli igi
mgznebare, rameTu ali amaRldeboda, xolo mayualsa mas araÁ evneboda
misgan; saxed aCuena mas ufalman da moaswava, viTarmed: araÁ Sewuas Sobasa
saRmrToman cecxlman saSoÁ qalwulisaÁ~ (73, 336).
sasuliero poeziaSi moses mayvlis swored es saxeobrivi mniSvnelobaa
aqcentirebuli RvTismSobelTan mimarTebaSi, sadac hipodigmur-paradigmur
saxeTa Serwymis gziT SesaniSnavad aris warmoCenili movlenis sulieri
aspeqtebi. ùZveles iadgarSi~ RvTismSoblisadmi mimarTul savedrebel
himnebSi deda RvTisa ixsenieba rogorc `mayuali cecxlmgzebare,
aRgzebuli~ da `mayuali Seuwveli~: `mayuali agzebuli da cecxli
araSexebuli...~ (142, 439); `gixaroden mayualo Seuwvelo, gixaroden dedao
uflisao...~ (142, 492); `muclad iRe sityuaÁ RmrTisaÁ, Rirso, da ara Segwua
Sen cecxlman saSinelman saRmrToman, rameTu saxed Senda ixila mose mTasa
zeda sinasa mayuali mgzebare da araSemwuari, xolo Sen, wmidao, dagmarxa
qalwulad Sobilman sengan RmrTisa sityuaman~ (135, 307).
ioane damaskelis `RvTismSoblis Sobis sakiTxavSi” vkiTxulobT: `gixaro-
den, mayualo cecxlmgzebareo, sakÂrvelebiT aRgznebulo da ara Sewvulo,
datevebiT uvalo codvisagan, rameTu nergi Seni dauWnobelo da mayuali ege
caTa mimsgavsebul RmrTismSobelobiTa SeniTa~ (166, 102).
uamravi magaliTis moxmoba SeiZleba Zlispirebidanac: ìqmna saxe
qalwulisaÁ mayuali motyinare cecxliTa, romeli ixila Sjulismdebelman
86
da ganhkrTa gonebiTa, rameTu saRmrToÁ ganxorcielebaÁ pirvelve
gamoisaxvoda~ (109, 549); `mayuali sulieri, romeli uCvena moses sinasa mot-
yinare Seuwvelad, saxed Senda gamoCnda, RmrTismSobelo qalwulo~ (168, 158).
rogorc uSualod teqstebze dakvirvebam da am saxis genezisma gvaCvena,
Seuwveli mayvali saxismetyvelebiTad qalwuli mariamis ubiwoebis momaswa-
vebelia da aqedan gamomdinare misi hipodigmuri saxelia.
akaki baqraZe bibliuri mayvlis simbolikaze saubrisas Semdegi saxis
models gvTavazobs: `RmerTi _ mayvali _ cecxli. axali aRTqmis mixedviT
es modeli aseT saxes Rebulobs: RmerTi _ RmrTismSobeli _ qriste. roca
am movlenebs erTmaneTs SevadarebT, mkafiod gamoCndeba, rom mayvlis buCqi
mariamis simboloa, xolo cecxli – ieso qristesi (27, 58).
mtili. sagulisxmoa, rom sasuliero poeziaSi xSirad vxvdebiT sinonimu-
ri mniSvnelobis matarebel epiTetebs. maT Sorisaa mtilic, romlis
sinonimebia: baRi, yvavilnari, bostani. baRi odiTganve idealuri samyaros,
kosmiuri wesrigisa da harmoniis miwieri gansxeulebaa. es aris dakarguli
da Tavidan aRmoCenili samoTxe. msoflios ZiriTad kulturaTaTavis baRi
warmoadgenda RvTaebrivi nebis da adamianis sulier miswrafebaTa
Tanxvedras. Tavisi, gamorCeuli simbolika aqvs saxarebaSi geTsimaniis baRs
_ mosalodneli gansacdelis winaTgrZnobiT Sepyrobili macxovris
sulieri mzaobis mowmes... `baRi amave dros cnobierebis simbolocaa,
romelic upirispirdeba tyes, rogorc aracnobiers~ (4, 37).
Zvel aRTqmaSi saubaria daxSul mtilze, romelic winaswarmetyvelurad
mariam RvTismSobels moaswavebs, misi hipodigmuri saxea. solomon mefis
`qebaTa qebaTaSi~ naTqvamia: `mtili mokrZaluli ars daÁ Cemi, sZali, mtili
daÃSuli da wyaroÁ dabeWduli~ (qeb. 4, 12). am adgilis komentars vxvdebiT
sinur mravalTavSi: `...mtilad daÃSulad misTÂs, rameTu mangali igi muSaki-
saÁ yovladve ara migexo Sen~ (125, 205). aqedan gamomdinare, `mokrZaluli
mtili~ gavrcelebuli epiTetia sasuliero mwerlobaSi. iseve, rogorc
mariam RvTismSoblis sxva mravali simbolo-alegoria Tu mxatvruli saxe,
`mokrZaluli mtilic~ mis qalwulebaze mimaniSnebelia.
maRnari. mcenareTa simbolikidan, romelic wminda mariams miemarTeba,
aRsaniSnavia maRnaris simboloc. himnografebi araerTxel adareben wminda
87
qalwuls maRnars: `sofelman gicna qriste ori bunebaÁ ganuyofeli: gpoveT
velsa mas maRnarTasa Seuvalsa qalwulisa saSosa~ (99, 399). `Seuvali
maRnaric~ iseve gamoxatavs qalwulis ubiwoebas, rogorc `daxSuli mtili~.
amave avtors qalwul mariamis muceli `Crdilo maRnarTanac~ Seudarebia:
àw ixarebd suliTa: da ganscxrebode Rirsad ambakum RvTis mgalobelo:
aResrula Tqmuli Seni, rameTu movida RmerTi samxriT ÃorciTa viTarca
jer iCina qalwulisa saSoÁsagan da wmidaÁ igi mTiT CrdiloÁT maRnarTaÁT
muclisagan misisa~ (99, 85).
rogorc vxedavT, maRnari orgvari SesityvebiT gvxvdeba qarTvel himno-
grafebTan: `maRnari Seuvali~, `maRnari CrdiloÁ~. es ukanaskneli ambakum wi-
naswarmetyvelis xilvasTan aris dakavSirebuli: `RmerTi TemaniT movides
da wmidaÁ mTisagan CrdiloÁsa maRnarisaÁsa (gansueneba), dafarna cani saT-
noebaman misman... (abak. 3,3).
radganac adamianSi zecisken swrafvis survili odiTganvea, amitom is yo-

velTvis Senatroda frinvels. miTologiam gaiTavisa da simbolur saxeebSi
asaxa es ocneba. magaliTad, Zalze xSirad Zveli egviptis xelovnebaSi frin-
velebi adamianis suls ganasaxierebdnen.
himnografTa Semoqmedebaze dakvirvebam gvaCvena, rom umetes SemTxvevaSi
frinvelTagan macxovrisa da RvTismSoblis simbolod mohyavT mtredi,
rogoc umankoebis gamoxatvis TvalsaCino saxe.
mtredi. es im simboloTagania, romelic gamoxatavs rogorc macxovars,
aseve deda RvTismSobels. mtredi uZvelesi droidan iTvleboda RvTaebrivi
siwmindisa da umankoebis simbolod. masSi xedavdnen zeciur macnes
adamiansa da ufals Soris. `gansakuTrebuli SaravandediTaa mosili mtredi
qarTuli mTianeTis miTologiaSi: mTiuleTSi misi bude aRiqmeba, rogorc
zegardmo miniSneba eklesiis asaSenebel adgilze (zegardis wm. giorgi);
xevsureTSi _ xan `RvTisSvili~ iRebs mtredis saxes, xan _ gudanis jvari;
Tasze gamosaxuli mtredi ki mianiSnebs, rom es Tasi wminda sagania da
mxolod sakulto msaxurebisas unda ixmaron~ (4, 154).
am frinvelis silamaze qalis mSvenierebasTan iyo asocirebuli. es esTe-
tika gansakuTrebiT mkafiod `qebaTa qebaSi~ gamoixata: `moved TaviT SeniT,
88
tredo Cemo, sagrilsa queSe kldisasa, maxlobelad zRudisa, maCuene me pi-
ri Seni da masmine me ჴmaჲ Seni, rameTu tkbil ars ჴmaჲ Seni smenad da piri
Seni Suenier (qeb. 2, 14). bibliis kidev ufro arqaul plastSi Cven vxedavT
sayovelTao warRvnis Jams noes kidobanTan niskartSi zeTisxilis rtoTi
mobrunebul mtreds, romelic gvauwyebs, rom adamianebze gadmodenil RvTis
wyromas madli Seenacvla. es bibliuri scena safuZvlad daedo mtredis sa-
yovelTao simbolikas da RvTisagan gamorCeuli frinveli mSvidobis uc-
vlel simbolod aqcia. axal aRTqmaSi macxovari Tavad Tvlis mas gulub-
ryvilobisa da sisufTavis simbolod, roca mowafeebs mimarTavs: àha, me mi-
gavlineb Yquen, viTarca cxovarTa Soris mgelTa. iyveniT ukuen mecnier, vi-
Tarca guelni, da umanko, viTarca tredni~ (maT. 10, 16) wminda ioane oqro-
pirma `TargmanebaÁSi maTes saxarebisaÁ~ mtredis ganmarteba am muxlisaTvis
Semdegnairad Camoayaliba: ùmankoebaÁ tredisaÁ, raÁTa ara borotsa uyof-
deT borotismyofelTa CuenTa, arca mivagebdeT nacvalsa mterTa CuenTa, ra-
meTu amaT orTa saxeTagan ukueTu erTica akldes kacsa, ara aqus mas wesi
saTnoebisaÁ. aha, brZanebaÁ srulebisaÁ, ara kma ars moTminebaÁ gansacdel-
TaÁ, aramed arca Tu ganrisxebad Segindobo, rameTu esreT ars saxe tredi-
saÁ~ (176, 210).
mtredi xSirad Sedarebis obieqtia bibliur-saRvTismetyvelo literatu-
raSi: `da vTqu: vinmca mcna me frTeni, viTarca tredisani, avfrinde me da
ganvisueno~ (fs. 54, 7); `da ganernen ganrinebulni maTgan da iyinen mTaTa ze-
da, viTarca tredni mRunavni, yovelni moswyden kacadni umarTlobaTa Sina
misTa~ (ezek. 7, 16) da sxv. umetesad ki umankoebisa da siwmindis simboloa:
ìyaviT ukue mecnier, viTarca guelni da umanko, viTarca tredni~ (maT. 10,
16).
v. nozaZe erTgan SeniSnavs, rom `xalxSi gavrcelebuli SexedulebiT,
qristiani gardacvalebulis suli tredis saxiT mifrinavs zecad. am rwme-
nis gamo mtredi xSiradaa gamoxatuli eklesiebSi da mraval wmidanTa cxov-
rebis ambavSi mtreds gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia~ (113, 237).
saflavis qvaTa simbolikaSi mtredi iyo alegoria umanko sulisa,
romelic zecad aRevlineba, iq sicocxlis xeze damkvidrdeba da ukvdavebis
wyals ewafeba...
89
mtredi aseve ganasaxierebs suliwmidis gamocxadebas macxovris naTlis-
Rebis Jams: `da naTel-iRo iesu. da meyseulad aRmovida raჲ wylisa misgan,
da aha ganexunes mas cani, da ixila suli RmrTisaჲ, gardamomavali, viTarca
tredi, movida da daadgra mas zeda~ (maT. 3, 16).
mkvlevar z. gamsaxurdias SeniSvniT, `religiasa da RvTismetyvelebaSi
suliwmidis sayovelTaod cnobili simboloa mtredi. igi am TvalsazrisiT
gamouyenebia `Tamarianis~ avtorsac. Tamari Sedarebulia mtredTan, rac iw-
vevs suliwmidis asociacias~ (44, 98).
rogorc aRvniSneT, mtredi RvTis sityvis gadamcemicaaa, axali epoqis
dadgomis macnea. es motivi asaxulia saero literaturaSic, kerZod,
`vefxistyaosanSi~ nestan-darejanze naTqvamia:
ànu aris brZeni vinme, maRali da maRlad mxedi,
arca lxini lxinad uCans, arca Wiri zedas-zedi;
viT zRapari asre esmis ubedoba, Tunda bedi,
sxvagan aris, sxvagan frinavs, goneba uc viTa tredi~ (165, 1184)..
nestan sulavas azriT, es konteqsti adasturebs nestan-darejanis suli-
er gawmendasa da srulyofas, radgan `mtredis gonebiT mosiloba~ mxolod
RmerTTan ziarebis Sedegia. `marTalia, kidev didma drom ganvlo nestan-
darejan _ tarielis Sexvedramde, sulieri srulyofis procesic gaxan-
grZlivda, magram mTavari isaa, rom ukve `vefxistyaosnis~ mTavar gmirTa su-
liereba gadarCenilia, mxolod droa saWiro, rom isini sabolood Sexvdnen
erTmaneTs, daZlion wuTisofluri gansacdeli, gadalaxon amqveyniuri sir-
Tuleebi da eziaron erTs, anu RmerTs. nestan-darejanis gonebis mtredTan
Sedareba swored imas mianiSnebs, rom misi ganwmendili suli da goneba axa-
li epoqis dadgomisaTvis mzadaa, rac poemis personaJTa cxovrebaSi siax-
lis molodinsa da momavalSi mis damkvidrebas moaswavebs~ (136, 112-113).
himnografebTan ki mtredi rogorc macxovris, aseve RvTismSoblis simbo-
loa. moviyvanT saTanado magaliTebs: `wyliT rRunasa codvisasa aw guaxa-
rebs dacxromasa sulisa igi mtredi, rameTu madlisa rtoÁ utvirTavs da
gangviyofs yovelTave uxrwnelebasa madliT~ (72, 221); ùmankosa sameufosa
mas tredsa, ubiwosa qalwulsa, caTa uzeSTaessa Soris dedaTa kur-
Txeulsa. viTarca mSobelsa RmrTisasa yovelni vhnatrideT~ (72, 71).
90
amrigad, mcenareTa da frinvelTa simbolikas ganumeorebeli elferi Se-
aqvs qalwul mariamis mimarT gamoyenebul simboloTa mdidar repertuarSi,
amdidrebs qalwulis saxesTan dakavSirebul mxatvrul Tematikas, ufro
cxadad warmoaCens im wmida movlenebs, romlebmac winaswar migvaniSna qal-
wulisagan macxovris movlinebis saswaulze.
kidev erTxel gamovlinda da sagrZnobi gaxda sagalobelSi himnografTa
SemoqmedebiTi warmosaxva, mxatvruli sityvis Zala.
mcenareTa da frinvelTa Tvisebebma naTlad gamokveTa qalwulis maradi-
uli buneba, misi keTilSobileba, uflisagan boZebuli umankoeba, rac dRe-
sac maradiuli idumalebis gancdas gvris kacobriobas.
amasTan, naTlad gamoikveTa is faqtic, rom Zvel aRTqmaSi es simboloebi
winaswarmetyveluri mniSvnelobisaa, xolo ukve axal aRTqmaSi gadmosuli
macxovarsa da RvTismSobels miemarTeba. himnografiaSi ki am saxismetyvele-
biTma simboloebma mxatvrul-esTetikuri datvirTva SeiZina. gamoCnda himnog-
rafTa, rogorc individualur SemoqmedTa sulieri samyaro, zneoba, esTeti-
kuri mrwamsi, rac adamianis gulsa da gonebas WeSmariti Rirebulebebisaken
warmarTavs.
91
4. RvTismSoblis simbolika ferTa da Zvirfas TvalTa saxismetyvelebis
mixedviT
albaT, araerTxel davfiqrebulvarT imaze, Tu rogori RvTaebrivi

harmonia aerTianebs samyaros feradovan palitras da rogor cdilobs
adamiani misi srulyofis saidumlos Cawvdes. ferTa raoba uZvelesi
droidan iyo filosofosTa, mweralTa da xelovanTa gansjis sagani.
atomisti demokrite iyo pirveli filosofosi, romelmac scada ferTa
Teoriis Seqmna. garda imisa, rom man aRiara oTxi ZiriTadi feris (TeTri,
Savi, wiTeli, moyviTalo-momwvano/mwvane) arseboba, ganacxada, rom atomebis
forma ganapirobebda maT fers: TeTri atomebi iyo swori, gluvi,
gamWvirvale, xolo Savi _ uxeSi da uswormasworo. iTvleba, rom
moyviTalo-momwvanosTan (mwvane) dakavSirebiT demokritem erTgvarad
uRalata Tavis Sexedulebas, radgan igi miiCnia myarisa da carielis
kombinaciad da formis mixedviT ar gansazRvra. amavdroulad, man yvela
danarCeni feri am oTxi ZiriTadi feris kombinaciad CaTvala (57, 11).
ferTametyvelebis istoria saukuneTa wiaRidan iRebs saTaves. aRsaniSna-
via, rom TiTqmis yvela uZveles civilizaciaSi sami ZiriTadi feri dominir-
ebda: TeTri, wiTeli da Savi. TeTri da wiTeli, umetesad, sicocxlis simbo-
loebi iyo. TeTri sinaTlis, dRis gamoxatulebaa, Savi ki _ sibnelisa da
Ramisa. àmitom TeTria feri sicocxlisa, bednierebisa, samoTxisa; xolo Sa-
vi feri ki _ ukunisa, ubedurebisa, sikvdilisa, jojoxeTisa. mazdeanizmSi
da zoroastrizmSi RmerTi aris TeTri, naTeli, brwyinvale.~ (114, 86). asevea
miTraizmSi, mahmadianobasa da qristianobaSi.
qristianobam ferTametyvelebis Taviseburi sistema Seqmna: TeTri feri
umwikvlobis, angelozTa ferad iyo miCneuli; alisferi _ siyvarulis,
cisferi _ zeciuri sauflosi. `mogvianebiTi periodis qristianobaSi ferTa
simbolika evolucias ganicdis: TeTri feri mama-RmerTis simbolo xdeba;
cisferi _ Zisa da wiTeli _ suliwmidis; mwvane _ rwmenis simbolo gaxda,
TeTrma rwmenisa da sispetakis elferi SeiZina, Savma _ monaniebisa da
glovis; wiTelma _ siyvarulisa da gulmowyalebis (5, 77).
92
sasuliero poezia ferTa mravalferovnebiT ar gamoirCeva, ris mizeza-
dac SeiZleba miviCnioT is faqti, rom qristianuli msoflmxedvelobis mata-
rebeli mwerlisTvis realuri sinamdvile siWrelesTan iyo asocirebuli,
xolo qristianuli ideali stabilurobaSi gamoixateboda.
amitomacaa, rom `bizantiuri literaturis tradiciul feriT sistemaSi,
gansakuTrebiT, portretul ferweraSi, rogorc wminda esTetikur, ise sim-
bolur mniSvnelobaTa gaTvaliswinebis TvalsazrisiT, sami ZiriTadi feri
_ e.w. rCeul ferTa sameuli _ oqrosferi (igive yviTeli), alisferi (wiTe-
li) da TeTri dominirebs~ (75, 132).
sasuliero poeziaSi fers qristianobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli kanonizeb-
uli Sinaarsi aqvs. amdenad, simboluri datvirTvis matarebelia TeTri, wiT-
eli da oqrosferi, xolo neitraluri _ Savi da TeTri feri, rogorc zemo-
Tac aRvniSneT, tradiciulad, borotebasa da sikeTes Soris dapirispireba-
ze mianiSnebs. am qveTavSi ganvixilavT uSualod im ferebsa da qvebs,
romlebic wminda mariams miemarTebian, mis hipodigmebs warmoadgenen da
amasTan, himnografebs exmarebian dedaRvTisas Rvawlis ufro mxatvrulad
gadmocemaSi.
naTlisferi. am mxriv mniSvnelovania naTlisferis simbolika. rogorc
cnobilia, RvTis naTlad warmosaxva qristianobis prerogativas ar
warmoadgens. jer kidev uZveles Sumerul, egviptur, indur Tu sxva xalxTa
religiebSi naTeli RvTis erT-erT saxelad iyo cnobili. qristianulma
religiam ki maTgan imemkvidra igi da erTarseba RvTis erT-erT atributad
gamoacxada. `qristianuli RmerTi aris naTeli, naTelmfeni. RvTis msaxurni
_ angelozni agreTve naTeli da TeTri-spetaki samoselis matarebelni
arian.~ (114, 92).
wmida werilidan momdinare orgvari naTlis arseboba sasuliero
poeziaSic dasturdeba. Sesabamisad `naTeli usxeulo~, `bunebiTi naTeli~...
aq materiis Seqmnamde arsebul naTelze miuTiTebs, romlis Sesaxebac
vsaubrobT Sesabamis qveTavSi `RvTismSoblis astraluri simboloebi~.
`naTeli dausabamo~, `naTeli TvalSeudgami~, `wyaroÁ naTelTaÁ~ _ wmida
samebis pirveli da meore hipostasis _ mama RmerTisa da Ze RmerTis
gamomxatvelia, radganac naTeli, rogorc feri, varirebs TeTrsa da
93
brwyinvales Soris; amitomac misi simbolika gaigivebulia SemoqmedTan.
aqedan gamomdinare, naTlis simbolika saTavea yvela sxva feris aRsaqmelad
da gasaazreblad, radganac simboluri saxeebiT azrovneba mxolod
`naTlismieri xedviTaa~ SesaZlebeli. `feri da naTeli RmerTTan aris
gadabmuli da pirveli feri, romelic adamianma icno, iyo TeTri da Savi~
(114, 8). tradiciulad TeTri feri sikeTis, siwmindis, umankoebis gamoxatu-
lebas warmoadgenda, xolo Savi _ borotebis, sibnelisa, umecrebisa. `naT-
lisa da bnelis simbolur mniSvnelobaTa figuracia literaturuli nawar-
moebis feriTi sistemis elementTa msgavsi funqciebiT, upirveles yovlisa,
neitraluri ferebis _ TeTrisa da Savis simbolikas ukavSirdeba~ (25, 67).
asevea sasuliero poeziaSic. RmerTi, rogorc sikeTe _ naTelia, spetakia,
boroteba ki sibneled aris aRqmuli. sulieri TvalsazrisiT borotebad
iTvleba urwmunoebac, amitomac igi asocirebuli iyo sibnelesTan, wyvdiad-
Tan. sagalobelSi Savi da TeTri feris dapirispirebis gziT naCvenebia mac-
xovris anu `saRmrTo naTlis~ mosvla urwmunoebis wyvdiadSi myofi kacTa
modgmis gansanaTleblad: `naTeli saRmrToÁsa gamobrwyinda naTlisagan da-
usabamoÁsa mosruli macxovrad momwydarTa da ganaTlebad msxdomareTa
bnelsa~ (99, 145-146). sinaTle, rogorc sicocxlis simbolo, da sibnele,
rogorc sikvdilis simbolo, bnelisa da naTlis dapirispirebaSi asea
gagebuli himnografTa mier: `sikudili dabnelda da Cven vixileT naTeli
ukudavebisaÁ~ (72, 265).
zogadad, literaturul ferweraze msjelobisas aucileblad gasaTva-
liswinebelia naTlis simbolika, radgan `ferTa mTliani qromatuli gama
swored naTlidan iRebs saTaves~ (25 60).
Zvel aRTqmaSi naTeli samosia, romliTac imoseba RmerTi. ,,Seimose naTe-
li viTarca samoseli~ (fs. 103, 2); igi cecxlis aliT aris garSemortymuli
(gam. 19, 18); RmerTi gzas unaTebs adamianebs Tavisi kanoniT (igav. 6, 23);
saxarebaSi ki macxovari maSin gamoumJRavnebs Tavis mowafeebs saRvTo di-
debulebas, roca maT winaSe gabrwyindeba: `da Semdgomad equsisa dRisa wa-
riyvanna ieso petre da iakob da iovane, ZmaÁ misi da aRiyvana igini mTasa ma-
Ralsa TÂsagan da icvala maT winaSe sxuad ferad, da gabrwyinda piri misi,
94
viTarca mze, xolo samoseli misi iqmna spetak, viTarca naTeli~ (maT. 17, 1-
2).
Teologiuri swavlebiT, naTeli, romliTac ixilveboda gankacebuli
macxovari mociqulTa winaSe, mas im dros ar miuRia, ufalma Tavisi
RvTaebrioba gamoucxada mowafeebs: `feriscvalebisas man gamoacxada ara
sxva romelime naTeli, aramed mxolod is, romelic dafaruli hqonda xor-
ciel kretsabmels miRma. es naTeli saRmrTo bunebisaa _ xelTuqmneli,
RvTiuri. msgavsad amisa, RvTismetyvel mamaTa swavlebiT, ieso qristem feri
icvala mTaze ise, rom araferi miuRia da arafer axalSi, rac manamde ar
hqonia, ar gardasaxula. Tavis mowafeebs uCvena mxolod is, rac ukve gaaC-
nda~ (172, 3); aqedan gamomdinare, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom Taboris mTaze
gamoCenili naTeli ar iyo warmoqmnili, aramed es iyo RmerTTan manamdec
Tanaarsebuli _ maradiuli da uJamo. `Zvel aRTqmiseul TeofaniebSi igi
cxaddeba rogorc dideba RvTisa, qmnilTaTvis saSineli da dauTmeneli...
araviTari cvlileba ar momxdara RmerTkacSi Taboris mTaze, mxolod
mociqulTaTvis es iyo droisa da sivrcis sazRvrebis iqiT gasvla,
maradiul realobaTa aRqma~ (92, 35).
wmida werilidanve iRebs saTaves naTlis mociqulebze gadmosvlis tra-
diciac, `vinaidan mociquloba aris qristes yoveli mimdevris saqme, rome-
lic unda iyos `naTeli soflisa~ da `marili qveynisa~ (maT. 5, 13-14) (35, 350).
maSasadame, naTeli, rogorc RmerTTan asocirebuli feri, srulad itevs
RvTaebriv sisavsesa da yovlismomcvelobas. xolo `dausabamo naTeli~
mTeli Tavisi sisavsiT mxolod qalwulis wiaRma daitia. amitomac naTeli,
macxovarTan erTad RvTismSoblis simbolocaa: ùzeSTaes xar qebulebaTa
Rirso, uSuenieres yovelTa samkaulTa, RmrTismSobelo, unaTles mnaTobTa
samyaroÁsaTa, rameTu saRmrToTa naTliTa savse maradis hnaTob winaSe
RmrTisa~ (73, 132).
RvTaebrivi naTliT savseoba mxolod dedaTa Soris gamorCeuli qalwu-
lis Tvisebaa da RvTis winaSe maradiulad naTebis unaric mas aqvs miniWebu-
li. qalwul mariamis sulieri buneba, himnografma fizikur mnaTobTagan bo-
Zebul sinaTles Seadara, raTa materialur naTelze sulieri naTlis upi-
ratesoba eCvenebina. `naTeli dauRamebeli, naTlisagan TvalSeudgamisa mos-
95
ruli Sevida saSosa sulmcirisa mis Rrublisasa~ (73, 180) _ himnografma
mxatvruli sityvis wyalobiT metad originalurad gadmosca Ze RmerTis
mama RmerTisgan Sobisa da qalwulis saSodan misi ganxorcielebis dogmati:
`naTeli dauRamebeli~ _ Ze RmerTi, wmida samebis meore hipostasi iSva mama
RmerTisagan, anu samebis pirveli hipostasisagan, xolo misi xorcSesxmis
saidumlo `sulmcire Rrublis~ _ qalwul mariamis wiaRSi aResrula.
bunebrivia, rom `dauRamebeli naTlis~ Sobis Semdeg qalwuli `naTlis
dedad~ iwoda, Tumca himnografi iqve dasZens, rom es saxeli qalwul
mariams pirvelad solomonma uwoda: `qebasa Sina qebaTasa pirvelve giwoda
dedad naTlisa solomon~ (109, 819).
`naTlis deda~ iseTive saxelia qalwulisa, rogorc karavi RvTisa,
takuki mananaÁsa, kidobani RvTisa da a. S.
himnografebi xSirad hmadloben mariam RvTismSobels, rogorc ukvdavebis
naTlis gamomabrwyinebels. `xolo Sengan, mariam qalwulo, moviReT naTeli
ukudavebisaÁ, amisaTÂsca viTarca sTqu yovelni gnatriT~ (72, 53). himnogra-
fis xedva am SemTxvevaSic misi msoflmxedvelobrivi siRrmis Sesatyvisia.
RvTismSobeli adamianTa sixarulis wyaroa, soflis zRude da mfarvelia,
macxovris winaSe Cveni meoxia, ris gamoc gvmarTebs misi samaradiso dideba:
`didebulsa da yovladqebulsa adamianTa sixarulsa, soflisa zRudesa da
mfarvelsa da qristianobis naTelsa, sulTa CuenTa ganmanaTlebelsa da wi-
naSe RmrTisa sasosa Cvensa, maradis vadidebdeT wmidasa mas dedofalsa~ (73,
200).
oqrosferi. RvTismSobelTan dakavSirebul ferTa simbolikaSi naTlis
feris Semdeg mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs oqrosfers, romelic `rogorc
zeciuri ierusalimis feri aris praqtikulad ZiriTadi feri mTeli mar-
Tlmadidebluri ikonografiisaTvis _ oqrosferiT ifareboda rogorc xate-
bis, aseve miniatiurebis fonebic~ (5, 80). oqro da oqrosferi qristianobis
gavrcelebis dasawyisSi mowameobis simbolod iqca. rogorc oqro gamoiwr-
Toba cecxlSi, aseve ganiwmindeba adamianis rwmeniT anTebuli guli gansac-
delisas.
òqro SeiZleba moviazroT, rogorc absoluturi metafora RvTisa~ (8,
52). simbolurad naTlis feri oqroSia ganfenili, anu oqro aris naTlis ma-
96
tarebeli liToni. amitomac oqrosken `swrafva miaxlebaa qristesTan, ro-
gorc naTelTan~ (18, 156). amis gamoxatulebaa oqrosferis umaRles ideal-
Tan _ ufalTan, mariam RvTismSobelTan da wmidanebTan dakavSirebiT gamoye-
neba sasuliero mwerlobaSi.
Cveni Temis interesidan gamomdinare, vfiqrobT, aucilebelia, kidev er-
Txel gavixsenoT mariam RvTismSoblis Zveli aRTqmiseuli hipodigmebi, rom-
lebic oqrosagan iyo damzadebuli. cnobilia, rom moses sjulis kidobani
Signidan da garedan oqroTi iyo dafaruli (gam. 25, 11), rac simbolurad
mariam RvTismSoblis maradqalwulobasa da mis uxrwnelebas gamoxatavs (8,
51). kidobnis oqroTi movarayeba ki ufro mkveTrad usvams xazs qebis
obieqtis RvTaebriv-sulier mxares da mosavs mas uzenaesi brwyinvalebiT.
RvTis didebulebisa da brwyinvalebis damtevia, aseve, oqros sasanTle,
oqros sasakmevle da oqros takuki.
simbolurad, oqros sasanTle anu RvTismSobeli matarebelia RvTaebrivi
naTlisa, amdenad, igi sulieri energiiT aris aRvsili, iseve, rogorc
sasakmevle da mananis Semnaxveli takuki: `takuki xar, mariam, oqroÁsa
ubiwoÁsaÁ~ (109, 507); gixaroden, sasanTleo brwyinvaleo, naTelsa uflisasa,
gixaroden oqroÁsa wmidisa sasakumevleo...~ (109, 815). oTxive hipodigma
mianiSnebs RvTis mtvirTvel qalwulze, xolo maTi oqrosTan dakavSireba,
oqroTi gabrwyineba aluziurad uflisa da mariam RvTismSoblis uxrwnele-
bis gamoxatulebaa.
oqros sulier Sinaarss aRrmavebs mariam RvTismSoblis samosis oqros-
frad warmoCenac. X saukunis qarTveli himnografis, filipes, simboloebiT,
saxeebiTa da ferebiT datvirTul sagalobelSi RvTismSoblis xotba ase
iwyeba: `fesuTa maTgan oqroanTa Semkuli xar Sen qalwulo, iakinTe
Zoweuli samoslad gaqus RmrTismSobelo~ (72, 364), riTac RvTismSoblis
gamorCeulobaa miniSnebuli da romelic 44-e fsalmunis Semdeg sityvebs
exmianeba: `yoveli didebaÁ asulisa meufisa Sinagan, fesuediTa oqrovanTa
Semkul ars da Semosil pirad-piradad~ (fs. 44, 14). sagalobelSi
RvTismSoblis samosis ferebi oqrosferi da Zoweulia. òqrosferi
sulierebis, zeciurobis simboloa, masze Semovlebuli oqros foCi _ ki
zeciuri dedoflobisa~ (137, 92).
97
sazogadod, Zowisferis mimarT gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba SesamCne-
vi gaxda bizantiaSi, sadac mRvdelmTavrebi da imperatorebi Zowisferi sa-
mosiT imosebodnen. aqedan gavrcelda igi evropaSic.
`fesuedi oqrovani~ popularuli epiTetia sasuliero poeziaSi. mas
xSirad vxvdebiT himnografiul-liturgikul krebulebSi: `frTeTa zeda
qerubimTasa mjdomare RmerTi itvirTe fesuediTa oqreaniTa Semkul xar da
Semosil pirad piradiTa SuenierebiTa aRyuavebul xar~ (Sin 5;172r). TvenSi
ki himnografi morwmuneebs urCevs: `nestusa saRmrTosa dahbereT niav
sulneliT gamo da moiswrafeT siond qalwulisa krebasa qalwulTa erno
fesuediTa oqrovaniTa~ (H 2337; Rt : 198 v).
***
rac Seexeba Zvirfas Tvlebs, isini simboloTa mniSvnelovan rkals
warmoadgens. erT-erTi qristianuli legendis Tanaxmad, Zvirfasi qvebi
dedamiwaze mimoifantnen, rodesac zecidan gandevnili luciferi miwas
daenarcxa. arsebobs meore versiac, romlis mixedviTac, `Tvalni patiosani
warmoSva RvTaebrivma energiam, romelmac Tval-margalitebad aakaSkaSa
uRimRamo, nacrisferi kenWebi.~ (4, 131).
esTetikuri faseulobis garda Zvirfas qvebs yovelTvis axldaT
simboluri mniSvneloba. pirvel yovlisa _ sulieri gaciskrovnebisa da
ganwmendis, maradiuli feriscvalebisa da boroti Zalis uvnebelyofis. jer
kidev IV saukuneSi wmida epifane kviprelma specialuri Sroma _ `TvalTaÁ~
_ miuZRvna Zvirfas qvebs, romlis mixedviTac, mosem uflis nebiT gaawyo
pirvel mRvelmTavris aaronis samosi, sadac oTx rigad ganlagebuli
Tormeti patiosani Tvali iyo israelis Tormeti Stos Sesatyvisi. es
Tormeti qvaa: sardioni, tbazioni (igive topazi), zmuri (anu zurmuxti,
smaragdi), iakinTi (anu hiacinti, alisferi cirkoni),safironi, iaspi,
ligvirioni (igive qarva), aqati, ameTvisto, Zoweuli, bivriti, frcxili
(igive oniqsi). am TvalTagan yuradRebas SevaCerebT im Tvlebze, romlebic
RvTismSoblis simbolodaa gamoyenebuli.
iakinTe da Zoweuli. filipes sagalobelSi himnografi Semdegi sityvebiT
mimarTavs wminda mariams: ìakinTe Zoweuli samoslad gaqus RmrTismSobe-
98
lo~ (72, 364); iakinTesa da Zoweulis simbolur datvirTvaze saubrobs
nestan sulava, romelmac maTSi geografiul mxareTa gaazrebac gamoavlina.
ìakinTis Tvali simbolurad aris iudas naTesavis, STamomavlis aRmniSvne-
li, aseTadaa cnobili ieso qriste. igi aris xsnisa da risxvis gamomxatve-
li. xsnisa _ RirsTaTvis da risxvisa _ tanjviTa da uRirsTa da
SeuracxmyofelTaTvis. iakinTis Tvali manaTobelia Ramisa, romelSic
qristes Sobamde imyofeboda kacobrioba. man naTliT Semosa yoveli, vinc
qriste WeSmaritad irwmuna. amitom gamoiyeneba iakinTis Tvali
RvTismSoblis Sesamkobad~ (137, 92). amrigad, Zvirfas qvaTa Tvisebebis
moSveliebiT sagalobelSi qristes RvTaebrivi buneba da mariam RvTismSob-
lis uxrwnelebaa aqcentirebuli.
margaliti. sasuliero poeziaSi yuradRebas iqcevs patiosani Tvali _
margaliti, romelic sxvadasxva aspeqtis Semcveli metad mniSvnelovani
saxe-simboloa. igi aRniSnavs umaRles sulier faseulobas, kanons, saRvTo
WeSmaritebas.
patiosan qvaTa Soris margaliti gamorCeulia Tavisi gansakuTrebuli
TvisebebiT. gavrcelebuli warmodgeniT, igi saWiroebs sagangebo mopyrobas
Tundac imitom, rom mxolod garkveul xans inarCunebs Tavis pirvandel
elvarebas. amitomac margaliti sispetakis, qalwulebrivi ucodvelobis
simboloa. misi mkrTali elvareba asocirdeba savse mTvaresTan, warmoSoba
ki dakavSirebulia wyalTan, niJaris wiaRSi misi ganviTareba dabadebas,
aRdgomasa da ganaxlebas moaswavebs: `Rrma wyalSi, niJaris wiaRSi
manaTobelma siTeTrem gaxada margaliti simbolo sibrZnisa da ezoTeruli
codnisa~ (35, 98).
qristianulma simbolikam es uZvirfasesi qva macxovris simbolod dasaxa
(maT. 13, 45-46).
wmida ioane damaskeli xatovnad ganavrcobs margalitis saxismetyvele-
bas: `...kualad zRuaÁ viTarca siRrmeTagan uSinaganesTa moguaniWebs sacna-
ursa mas margalitsa madlisasa, rameTu aha esera, warmodga axladdabadebu-
li igi sofeli samkÂdrebeli dautevnelisaÁ~ (166, 104).
margalitis saxismetyvelebas gansakuTrebul elfers matebs misi gamoye-
neba mariam RvTismSoblis simbolod. qriste _ margalitia da misi mtvir-
99
Tveli qalwulic aseve margalitad iwodeba: `gadidebs yoveli Tesli, sixa-
rulevano, patiosansa margalitsa, romelman itvirTe meufeÁ~ (142, 379).
margaliti sasuliero poeziaSi originalur epiTetTan aris dawyvilebu-
li _ `margaliti mravalsasyidlisa~. qalwuli mariami himnografs am marga-
litis mtvirTvelad dausaxavs: `vadidebT qalwulsa, mtvirTvelsa margali-
tisa sameufoisa mravalisa mis sasyidlisasa~ (109, 591).
rogorc dakvirvebam aCvena, epiTeti `mravalsasyidlisa~ himnografTa mier
Seqmnili mdidari mxatvruli saunjis kuTvnilebas ar warmoadgens.
Tavdapirvelad mas wmida saxarebaSi vxvdebiT caTa sasufevlis metaforad:
`da poa ra erTi margaliti mravalsasyidlisa, warvida da ganyida yovelive,
rac edva da moiyida igi~ (maT. 13, 46). averincevis SeniSvniT, `Semdeg
margaliti TviT qristes simbolod iqca. es interpretaciebi ki ar
gamoricxaven erTmaneTs, radgan mopoveba WeSmaritebisa, romelic aris
qriste, morwmuneTaTvis aris mopoveba maradiuli sasufevlisa~ (9, 434-435).
ilia abulaZis `Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikonSi~ `mravalsasyideli~
ganmartebulia, rogorc fasdaudebeli, e.i. Zvirfasi, didi Rirebulebis (6,
216). aseTi ZviradRirebuli margalitia ieso qriste. Tumca margaliti
TavisTavad gamorCeulia sxva TvalTagan, am epiTetis daxmarebiT misi
Rirseba erTiorad izrdeba _ Zvirfas margalitze ufro Zvirfasi da
ZviradRirebuli margalitia ieso qriste. movitanT kidev erT magaliTs
,,sadResaswaulodan~: `galobiT pativs vhscemdeT wmidisa RvTismSobelisa
Semosluasa, raTa viTarca taZari sameufo taZrad Seiyuanebis, Sesawiravad
RvTisa, margaliti mravalsasyidlisa~ (S1464;218v).
sayuradReboa, rom epiTeti mravalsasyidlisa saxarebaSi lardionTan da-
kavSirebiTac gvxvdeba, aRniSnuli sagnis ZviradRirebulebisa da rCeulebis
dasturad: `moiRo litraÁ erTi nelsacxebeli. lardioni rCeuli mravalsa-
syidlisaÁ~ (ioan. 12, 3). `mravalsasyidliani~ margaliti saRvTo sibrZnis
simboloa, romlis mopovebas, saxarebiseuli vaWris darad, cdilobs yvela
adamiani, vinc qristes gzas Seudga. zeciuri margalitis mopoveba, qristes
sibrZnesTan ziareba, wmidanTa cxovrebis umTavresi mizania, ramac saboloo
adgili unda ganukuTvnos maT caTa sasufevelSi.
100
sasuliero poeziaSi wmindanebi xSirad margalitis `motrfialed~ an
`momgeblad~ (SemZenad) arian dasaxulni. himnografi ilarion qarTvels uga-
lobs: ètrfiale margalitsa mravalsasyidlisasa~ (11, 178). ioane qarTvels
mimarTaven: `moiyide margaliti igi usasyidloÁ~ (11, 188), giorgi aTonelisa-
dmi miZRvnil sagalobelSi vkiTxulobT: ètrfiale sibrZnesa, RmerTSemosi-
lo, da Seiyuare igi ufros yovlisa da viTarca margaliti patiosani suli-
sa saunjeTa dahmarxe~ (11, 354-355).
amrigad, margaliti farTod gavrcelebuli simboloa, romelic
miemarTeba rogorc qristes, aseve mariam RvTismSobelsa da sxva wmindanebs.
patiosan qvaTagan himnografebs anTrakic gamouyenebiaT. ZlispirebSi
qalwuli mariami anTrakiTaa Semkobili. `qristes dedao, Semkobilo
TvaliTa miT anTrakiTa...~ (109, 473).
cnobilia, rom qristianuli simboloebiT gajerebuli sasuliero
poeziis umTavresi mizani saRvTo movlenebSi wvdomaa, misgan gansxvavebiT,
saero literaturaSi win aris wamoweuli esTetikuri mxare. esTetiurobis
funqcia akisria aq ferebsac, romlis asociacias xSirad Zvirfasi qvebic
iwvevs. patiosani Tvali mxatvrul nawarmoebSi metaforul xatebs qmnis,
roca sagalobelSi mas umTavresad simboluri funqcia akisria.
mariam RvTismSobelTan dakavSirebuli ferTa simbolika yvelaze

mkafiod, bunebrivia, ferweraSi Cans. sasuliero poeziaSi gamoyenebuli
Zowisferi ferweraSic gvxvdeba aseTive funqciiT, xolo samefo tansacmlis
aucilebel atributad qceuli oqrosferi `Tavisi didebuli simboluri da
mxatvruli SinaarsebiT amkobs ferwerul xatebs da garkveul wesrigsa da
simwyobres aniWebs maT saerTo qromatul gamas~ (25, 65). RvTismSoblis
miZinebis scenaze sakarcxulze gamosaxul qalwuls Zowisferi waRebi acvia.
am detals vxvdebiT novgorodis skolis XII-XIII saukuneebis mijnis xatze,
ufro adre ki bizantiur beWdebze. waRebi ferwerul xatebze gamoisaxeba
ZowisferiT, rac simbolurad RvTismSoblis dedoflobisa da ubiwoebis
gamomxatvelia. Seuqmneli RvTaebrivi naTeli ki miZinebis kompoziciaSi xan
cisferiT, xan ki mwvane feriT warmoCndeba.
101
Tuki mxatvrobas davukvirdebiT am kuTxiT, metad saintereso da
feradovan suraTs miviRebT. graCinicas mxatvrobaSi RvTismSoblis
maforiumi (zeda kaba _ T. g.) Zowisferia. igi isea damuSavebuli molurjo
refleqsebiT, rom laJvardis ferebSi gadadis. xolo xoras eklesiis
mozaikaze misi samosi mTlianad laJvardis feria, rac qalwulis
sasufevelSi damkvidrebaze unda mianiSnebdes (96, 7). simboluri datvirTva
aqvs lurj fersac. am ferisaa macxovris himationi 4 Sua saukuneebis
qarTul ferwerul xatebze, xolo qitoni Zowisferia (romelsac xSirad
yavisferi cvlis), an aseve lurji. samosis feri Teologiur simbolizms
emyareba _ cisferi qitoni macxovris RvTaebriv bunebas, xolo Zowi ki mis
meufebaze migvaniSnebs. ori feri ki mis orbunebovnebas Seesabameba (181, 133).
lurji feris stola da yavisferi maforiumi mosavs mariam RvTismSo-
bels gelaTis miZinebis kompoziciaze.
rogorc warmodgenili masalidan Cans, ferTa simbolika sagalobelSi
erTgvari damxmare saSualebaa qebis obieqtis sulieri portretis
warmosaCenad. ferTa Soris ZiriTadi funqcia akisria naTlisfers, rogorc
RvTiurobis simbolos da misgan gamomdinare oqrosfersa da Zowisfers,
romlebic qalwulis uxrwnel bunebas ganasaxierebs. patiosan qvaTa _
iakinTes, margalitisa da anTrakis gasimbolurebiT ki mariam RvTismSoblis
gamorCeuloba da uxrwnelebaa xazgasmuli.
4
mamakaci wmindanis gareTa Sesamoseli.
102
5. RvTismSoblis astraluri saxe-simboloebi
qarTul sinamdvileSi adamianis bed-iRblis astralur samyarosTan

dakavSireba yvelaze naTlad `vefxistyaosanSi~ gamoCnda, kerZod, fridonTan
mimavali avTandilis epizodSi, sadac es ukanaskneli mnaTobebs SesTxovs,
Zala Sematon, raTa pirnaTlad aRasrulos Tavisi rainduli fici.
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom TiToeuli planeta dakavSirebuli iyo zodiaqos
niSanTan da adamianis xasiaTis sxvadasxva TvisebasTan. mag., mze
nebelobasTan da aqtivobasTan, mTvare _ warmosaxvasTan da a.S.
Cvens winaprebs sjerodaT, rom planetebi Tavad iyvnen yovlisSemZle
RvTaebani, rom isini TavianTi nebiT danavardobdnen Rameul caze da maTi
urTierTganlagebiT, mizidvisa Tu ganzidvis ZaliT astrologebi Wvretdnen
adamianTa cxovrebis mTel suraTs: vin ra varskvlavze gaCnda, rogori
iqneba misi… es uZvelesi rwmena yvelaze xatovnad antikur miTopoetur
tradiciaSi warmoCnda da amitomacaa, rom planetebs dRemde SemorCaT
berZnul-romauli panTeonis RvTaebaTa saxelebi.
astraluri saxeebi arc himnografTaTvisaa ucxo. am simboloTa moxmobiT
isini kidev erTxel ganadideben RvTismSobels maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli
daxvewili mxatvruli formebiT, ris Semdegac sagalobelSi sityvisa da
musikis brwyinvale harmonia iqmneba. RvTismSobelia naTeli, mze, mTvare,
varskvlavebi. TiToeuli saxe ki dedaRvTisas didebisa da maradiulobis
Cvenebas emsaxureba.
sazogadod, `mze, mTvare, varskvlavebi... warmoadgenen RvTaebisa da
gaRvTaebriebuli adamianis pirdapir nacvalsaxelebs – epiTetebs~ (70, 208).
naTeli. naTeli is universaluri fenomenia, romelic TiTqmis yvela
religiur sistemaSi samyaros Secnobasa da absolutur sikeTes
ganasaxierebs. sulisa da RvTaebriobis am metaforas Cven aRviqvamT
sispetakisa da sifaqizis, gonierebisa da inteleqtis, zeamaRlebisa da bed-
nierebis, ukvdavebisa da srulqmnilebis _ Tavad sicocxlis simbolod.
zeciuri naTeli Tavis TavSi moicavs arssac da sicocxlesac: misi
danaxva SeuZlebelia. SesaZlebelia mxolod maTi gonebis TvaliT wvdoma,
103
radgan naTeli ganxorcielebuli RvTaebriobaa, xolo wyvdiadi _ ganuxor-
cielebeli. àmgvari dualizmi axasiaTebs im eTikur-religiur sistemebs,
romlebSic `naTeli~ da `bneli~ urTierTdapirispirebul sawyisTa mTliano-
baa maradiuli urTierTqmedebiTa da urTierTSenacvlebiT... amitomac, Zveli
Cinelebis warmodgeniT, samyaros ganviTarebas da nebismier sasicocxlo
process naTel-bnelis Tanafardoba ganapirobebs~ (5, 63)
sinaTlis fenomenze msjelobisas aucilebelia movixmoT erTi pasaJi
Zveli aRTqmidan: `dasabamad qmnna RmerTman caÁ da queyanaÁ. xolo queyanaÁ
iyo uxilav da ganumzadebel da bneli zeda ufskrulTa da suli RmrTisaÁ
iqceoda zeda wyalTa. da Tqua RmerTman: iqmenin naTeli da iqmna naTeli~
(Ses. 1, 1-3) da pirveli sami dRis ganmavlobaSi es pirvelqmnili naTeli
asrulebda mzisa da mTvaris movaleobas. am naTlis ucnaur Tvisebebze
gvesaubreba wm. efrem asuri: `pirvelqmnili naTeli ganfenili iyo yvelgan
da ar iyo erT adgilas moTavsebuli... mas axasiaTebda uecari gaqroba, ris
Sedegadac sibnele isadgurebda, da uecari gaCena, ris gamoc es sibnele
ifanteboda. ase monacvleobda igi pirveli sami dRis ganmavlobaSi” (123,
286). cota qvemoT wm. efremi wers: àmboben, rom pirvel dRes Seqmnil am
naTlisagan da cecxlisgan aris warmoqmnili mze, romelic mdebareobs myar-
ze, da aseve mTvarec da varskvlavebic am naTlisganaa Seqmnili~. bibliidan
moyolebuli mTel sasuliero-saRvTismetyvelo mwerlobas msWvalavs
qristes simbolur-metaforul saxelad `naTeli~, romlis saTavec Tavad
macxovris sityvebidan modis: `me, naTeli, soflad movivline, raTa yovelsa,
romelsac hrwmenes Cemi, bnelsa Sina ara daadgres~ (ioan. 12, 6). es `naTeli~
bibliuri kosmogoniis meoTxe dRemde moelvare naTelia, romelic gaxda
wyaro materialuri mzis, mTvaris da varskvlavebis warmoSobisa. swored
amitom, logikurad, am TavSi gavaerTianeT es simbolo (xolo naTelze,
rogorc feris aRmniSvnel simboloze vsaubrobT qveTavSi `RvTismSoblis
simbolika ferTa saxismetyvelebis mixedviT). rogorc a. losevi miuTiTebda,
naTlis esTetika kacobriobis sulieri kulturis uZvelesi periodidan
iRebs saTaves. igi gansakuTrebiT niSandoblivi iyo aRmosavluri
samyarosaTvis, agreTve antikuri saberZneTisTvis, saidanac Semovida
qristianul literaturasa da TeologiaSi.
104
naTeli aris pirveli, rasac ufali qmnis qveynierebis dabadebis
pirvelsave dRes da rac, faqtobrivad, safuZvelia xiluli da uxilavi
samyarosi. aqedan gamomdinare, naTeli wamyvani saxe-simboloa qristianuli
mwerlobisaTvis da gansakuTrebiT, himnografiisaTvis.
r. siraZem mzisa da vazis simbolikis warmoCeniT aRniSna, rom
qristianobam gansaxovnebis Zveli formebi gamoiyena, rogorc arqetipi da
axal esTetikas Seurwya (127, 15). mkvlevaris mosazrebiT, naTlis esTetika
qarTuli saxismetyvelebisaTvis jer kidev warmarTuli kulturidanaa
damaxasiaTebeli, SemdgomSi ki misi amgvari aRqma qristianul gagebas Seer-
wya: `warmarTul warmodgenas _ yurZnis marcvalSi mze ixedebao _ cvlis
qristianuli simbolika: `me var venaxi da mamaÁ Cemi moqmed ars~ (127, 15).
naTlis transformireba ramdenime formaSi sainteresod axsna
axalgazrda mkvlevarma T. biganiSvilma: `naTeli, rogorc poeturi saxe,
transformirebulia vazis, Rvinis, sisxlisa da puris formebSi: zecidan
gardamosuli manana aris simbolo qristes xorcisa, romlis xiluli saxec
liturgiaze aris puri. qristes sisxli, romelic Rvinis saxiTaa
warmodgenili, aris naTeli, romelic mzis saxiTaa vazSi CaRvrili da
qriste ki venaxia, xolo mama `moqmed ars~ (36, 35).
naTeli ara mxolod wamyvani saxe-simboloa qristianul azrovnebaSi,
aramed, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom simboloTa jaWvsac warmoadgens, radgan xsnis
sxva saxe-simboloebs. Zvel aRTqmaSi, bibliuri kosmogoniis mixedviT,
naTeli xiluli da uxilavi samyaros materialur safuZvelTanaa
gaigivebuli, axal aRTqmaSi ki _ RmerTTan, rac ioanes saxarebaSia
gancxadebuli: `mis Tana cxorebaÁ iyo da cxorebaÁ igi iyo naTel kacTa. da
naTeli igi bnelsa Sina Cans, da bneli igi mas ver ewia~ (ioan. 1, 4-5); `me var
naTeli soflisaჲ. romeli Semomidges me, ara vidodis bnelsa, aramed
aqundes naTeli cxorebisaჲ.~ (ioan. 8, 12); `mcired Jam naTeli Tquen Tana
ars. vidodeT, vidre naTeli gaqusRa, raÁTa ara gewios Tquen bneli, rameTu
romeli valn bnelsa, ara uwyin, vidre valn. vidre naTeli gaqus, grwmenin
naTeli, raÁTa Ze naTlis iyvneT~ (ioan. 12, 35-36).
RvTis naTlad warmodgena ùZvelesi tradiciebiTaa nasazrdoebi da re-
ligiur SexedulebaTa ganviTarebis ezoterul mxares asaxavs~ (82, 118).
105
naTeli is universaluri fenomenia, romelic TiTqmis yvela religiur
sistemaSi samyaros Secnobasa da absolutur sikeTes ganasaxierebs. sulisa
da RvTaebriobis am metaforas Cven aRviqvamT sispetakisa da sifaqizis, go-
nierebisa da inteleqtis, zeamaRlebisa da bednierebis, ukvdavebisa da
srulqmnilebis _ Tavad sicocxlis simbolod.
iakob mociqulis epistolis Tanaxmad, naTlis erTaderTi wyaro RmerTia.
,,yovelive mocemuli keTili da yovelive niWi sruli zegardamo ars
gardamosrul mamisagan naTlisa...~ (iak. 1, 17).
dogmatur RvTismetyvelebaSic RmerTi saxeldebulia, rogorc naTeli,
rasac mrwamsis meoTxe muxlSi vxvdebiT: `naTeli naTlisagan da RmerTi
WeSmariti RmrTisagan WeSmaritisa, Sobili da ara qmnili erTarsi mamisa,
romlisagan yoveli Seiqmna~. naTlis simbolikiT RmerTis warmosaxva ioane
minCxis poeziaSic gvxvdeba: `RmerTi zeciT queyanad moxued da kacni zecad
aRiyvanen, naTeli xar dauRamebeli, TÂTmnaTobi naTlisagan mamisa
gamosruli, suliT wmidiTurT Tana didebuli, Seurevneli da ganuyofeli,
RmerTi mxoloÁ, keTilismyofeli SenTa dabadebulTaÁ, romelnica
gakurTxeven aw da ukunisamde~ (73, 326)
RmerTi, rogorc miuwvdomeli arseba, samyaroSi damkvidrebuli arsebebis
saxelebiT aris warmodgenili RvTismetyvelebaSi, rac saSualebas aZlevs
adamians xilul samyaroSi daigulos samyaros Semoqmedi, miiRos masze
codna, amoicnos misi buneba. swored amis axsna-interpretaciaSi gvexmareba
katafatikur-apofatikuri meTodi, romlis safuZvlebi Teologiur-
filosofiur literaturaSi devs, saidanac Semodis igi sasuliero mwerlo-
baSi. katafatikuria naTeli, rogorc RvTis saxeli. sasuliero mwerlobaSi
mas ganuyrelad axlavs `dausabamo, dauvali, dauvsebeli, daulevneli, aus-
rulebeli, dauSreteli, dauRamebeli.... qriste maradiuli, sulieri mzea,
radgan mas dabneleba, daRameba ar uweria~ (100, 41). amdenad, naTeli dausaba-
mo, naTeli dauvali... da a.S. RvTis apofatikuri saxelia.
`kontrasti sinaTlesa da sibneles Soris bibliaSi gamoyenebulia imis-
Tvis, rom naCvenebi iqnas absoluturi dapirispirebuloba RmerTsa da borot
Zalebs Soris. RmerTi (uzenaesi) srulqmnili sikeTea. misi siwmide imdenad
didia, rom is, rogorc naTqvamia, `mkvidrobs miuwvdomel naTelSi~ (4, 155).
106
saxarebaSi aRwerilia sulier brZola sinaTlesa (RmerTi _ sikeTe) da
sibneles (satana _ msoflio borotebs) Soris: `da naTeli igi bnelsa Sina
Cans, da bneli igi mas ver ewia.~ (ioan. 1, 5). ieso qristes cxovrebis, sikvdi-
lisa da aRdgomis saxiT sinaTlem sibneles sZlia.
n. sulavam nikoloz gulaberisZis `galobani suetisa cxovelisanis~, ro-
melsac naTlis simboluri warmosaxviT gamorCeul Txzulebad miiCnevs, ana-
lizisas gamokveTa naTlis simbolikis zogadi apeqtebi: `1. samyaros Seqmnam-
de arsebobda dausabamo, usawyiso, uJamo, Seuqmneli, daubadebeli, uxilavi,
maradiuli naTeli, rac `naTelis~ sulier aspeqts gulisxmobs. igi RmerTis
simboluri saxelia; 2. bibliuri kosmogoniis mixedviT, xiluli naTeli Seiq-
mna kreaciis meoTxe dRes, romlis wyarod uJamo, daubadebeli naTelia miCne-
uli. esaa fizikurad arsebuli naTeli, `naTelis~ fizikuri aspeqti; 3. qris-
tes movlineba, Ze RmerTis ganxorcieleba saRvTismetyvelo literaturaSi
`naTelis~ `naTlisagan~ warmoSobaa, ramac `naTelis~ Ze RmerTis hipostasur
saxelad miCnevis safuZveli Seqmna; 4. Teologiur-filosofiur TxzulebebSi,
patristikul-hagiografiul da himnografiul mwerlobaSi naTelma simbol-
urTan erTad alegoriuli datvirTvac miiRo da `naTeli~ keTilis sawyisad
iqna aRiarebuli, bneli ki _ borotebisa; 5. gvian SuasaukuneebSi naTels
daekisra esTetikuri funqciac, radgan igi adamianis silamazisa da Sinagani
bunebis gamoxatvis simbolod daisaxa~ (135, 63-64).
ioane bolneli feriscvalebis homiliaSi yuradRebas amaxvilebs naTlis
mzesTan Sedarebaze da xsnis, rom mzis brwyinvalebaze aRmatebuli kacTa
gonebisaTvis ar arsebobs da amitom Seadares maxareblebma Taboris naTeli
mzes: `raÁsaTÂs-me, anu viTar-me? (rameTu) gamobrwyinda piri misi viTarca
mzÀ, rameTu RmrTeebaÁ ubrwyinvales ars mzisTualisa da umÃurvales alsa
mas cecxlisasa. aramed esoden SeuZles gamoTqumad wmidaTa mociqulTa da
uwyebad Cuenda, rameTu queyanasa zeda arRaraÁ viciT ubrwyinvales mzisa~
(12, 248). ioane minCxi ki simarTlis mzed saxeldebs Taboris mTaze naTliT
Semosil macxovars: `mTasa zeda Taborsa dRes aRÃda simarTlisa mzÀ da
naTeli mzisa amis dambadebeli, bunebiT RmrTeebr mnaTobi, angelosTagan
xilvad SeuZlebeli mbrwyinvalebaÁ, xati da didebaÁ samaradisoÁ, CuenTÂs
mÃsnelad gankacebuli~ (73, 324).
107
aqve gavixsenoT RvTismSoblis naTliT Semosvis epizodic: `roca
RvTismSobelTan erTad gamudmebiT locvaSi iyvnen qristes mociqulebi,
maTze gadmovida suliwmida da RvTaebrivi madliT aavso. gansakuTrebuli
siuxviT miiRo es madli RvTismSobelma, romelmac mas aramarto suli,
aramed sxeulic gaubrwyina da Tavad aqcia sinaTlis wyarod. amas amowmebs
eklesia, amas amowmebs sulieri goneba~ (41, 38). amave avtorTan saubaria
dionise areopagelis mier mariam RvTismSoblis sxeulebrivi naTlis
xilvaze. man yovladwmida qalwuli ixila misi miwieri moRvaweobis Jams:
`kvlav da kvlav pativiscemiT vaRiareb yovladZlieri RmerTis, macxovris
madlisa da misi mSoblis, maradqalwulis didebis winaSe, rom, roca
maxarebelTa da winaswarmetyvelTa Tavma ioanem warmadgina sxeulebrivad
mcxovrebi da mzesaviT Suqmfeni RmrTeebrivi saxis yovladwmida qalwulis
winaSe, SemomenaTa imdenad uzomo Zalis sikaSkaSe, rom verc Cemma ususurma
sxeulma da verc sulma ver SeZles daetiaT es saswauli – dasabami
maradiuli netarebisa da didebisa. es naTelbrwyinvaleba ara mxolod
garedan, ufro Sinaganad mefineboda, yovladucxo da nairferovani
keTilsulnelebiT mavsebda~ (41, 40).
himnografebTan RvTismSobeli `mnaTobTa unaTlesia~, radgan saRmrTo
madliTaa savse: ùzeSTaes xar qerobinTasa, Rirso, uSuenieres yovelTa sam-
kaulTa, RmrTis mSobelo, unaTles mnaTobTa samyaroÁsaTa, rameTu saR-
mrToÁTa madliTa savseÁ hnaTob maradis winaSe RmrTisa~ (72, 188).
RvTismSoblis naTliT Semosilobis mizezi misgan `dausabamo naTlis~
Sobaa, ris gamoc gaxda is am naTlis maradiuli matarebeli da iwoda _
`naTlis wyarod~. amave mizeziT aqvs mimadlebuli qalwul mariams naTlis
sxvaTaTvis gadacemis unaric. himnografTaTvis is dabnelebulTa naTelia,
romelmac `simarTlis mze~ mogvivlina: `Sen xar naTeli dabnelebulTa da
aRdgoma dacemulTa, RmrTisa dedao, romelman hSev mze igi simarTlisa
qriste~ (152, 196)
mze. kulturaTa umetesobaSi mze yovliswarmomSobi energiis simboloa;
TeogoniaSi is yvela astralur sxeuls Crdilavs da TvalismomWrel, hero-
ikul sawyiss ganasaxierebs; `rogorc wesi, mze warmodgeba demiurgis,
yovlismpyrobelis Svilad, romelsac gamohyva umTavresi RvTaebrivi niWi _
108
xedavdes yvelas da yovelives. am rwmenidan gamomdinare, induizmSi mze
(surias saxeliT) uzenaesi RvTaebis _ varunas yovlismxedveli Tvalia;
sparseTSi _ ahura mazdis (ormuzdis) da miTrasi, romlis kultmac ara
mxolod sparseTi, romis imperiac ki moicva; egvipteSi mzes RvTaeba `ra~
ganasaxierebda; Zvel saberZneTSi mzis `xiluli saxe~ iyo heliosi _ zevsis
yovlismCeni Tvali... dabolos, qristianobaSi _ es Tavad ieso qristea _
`mze simarTlisa~ (4, 143)
daviT mefsalmune brZanebs: `RmerTi aris mze~ (fs. 83,12). es simbolo arc
himnografTaTvisaa ucxo. maTTvis qriste `dauRamebeli mzea~: `dauRamebeli
mzÀ qalwulisa saSoÁsagan gamobrwyinvebad movals, raÁTa gananaTlnes man
dabnelebulni TualiTa wmidiTa. guliTa wrfeliTa mivhxedoT missa
brwyinvalebasa~ (72, 69); `da dRes iSev beTlems qalwulisagan naTlad
warmarTTa mzeÁ ege simarTlisaÁ aRxilvad TualTa mwuxareTasa da
gantevebad pyrobilTa sikudilisagan~ (72, 82); `dausabamo mzis~, qristes
naTliT Seimusreba boroteba da marTalni Seiwyalebian: `dausabamoÁsa
mzisa naTlisa naTlis RebiTa damdablebul arian da dabnelebul
ukunisamde mavnebelni sulni borotni da mzeebr naToben naTelRebulni
adameanni~ (72, 187).
Teologiasa da sasuliero mwerlobaSi macxovris aseve gavrcelebuli
saxelia `simarTlis mze~. `Sua saukuneebis qarTulma mwerlobam mze Ze _
RmerTis xatad daakanona da gadaaqcia igi qristes aRmniSvnel metaforul
cnebad, romelic farTod gavrcelda himnografiul poeziaSi~ (90, 75-7).
qalwulisagan `simarTlis mzis~ Soba, caTa da qveynis Semoqmedis tvirTva,
kacTa naTesavis gansanaTleblad moxda, rac adamianTa cxovrebis naTliT
aRvsebis gamoxatulebas warmoadgens: àRvsebuli sulisagan wmidisa,
yovlad ubiwo dedaÁ da qalwuli, romelmac caTa da qveyanisa Semoqmedi
itvirTa da misgan iSva mzeÀ simarTlisaÁ, romelman gananaTla naTesavi kac-
Ta~ (H 2337; RTI:200r); ùgalobdeT yovelni morwmuneni qalwulsa ubiwosa,
romelman uzeSTaesad gÂSva dambadebeli dabadebulTaÁ da aRmavsna Cuen
cxovrebisa naTliTa, rameTu didebul ars~ (109, 129). RvTismSoblis naTliT
Semosva simarTlis mzis SobiTaa ganpirobebuli: `Rrubelo sulmcireo,
naTliTa Semosilo. mtÂrTvelo mzisa mis simarTlisao...~ (72, 224); `mzis aRm-
109
osavaliT sionisa aRhmaRldi ÃorciTa, qristÀ, casa caTasa, RrubliTa naT-
lisaÁTa, mzeÁ simarTlisaÁ, Sen ukudavo~ (72, 261); `qristÀ, daSjilTa
wyudiadisaTa mzed simarTlisad gamouCndi da saRmrToÁsa brwyinvalebisa
mifeniTa ganaTldes saukuniTgan Sewyudomilni sulni~ (72, 264);
`Tuali cxovrebisaÁ, mizezi ÃsnisaÁ,
naTeli brwyinvaleÁ, mzeÁ simarTlisaÁ,
ganmanaTlebeli cis kideTaÁ~ (72, 325).
arcTu ise iSviaTia mzed RvTismSoblis saxeldeba:
`mzeman raÁ gixila Sen,
Semoqmedi, ganSiSulebuli Zelsa zeda,
aCuena mglovarebaÁ~ (72, 347), mimarTavs himnografi macxovars.
RvTismSobelia simarTlis mzis etli: ètlad mzisa mis simarTlisa... gi-
wodT qalwulo da dedao ubiwoo~ (152, 140).
`Sen xar venaxi axlad aRyvavebuli...
da TaviT TvisiT mze xar gabrwyinvebuli~ (135, 278), _ mimarTavs demetre-
damiane RvTismSobels da yovladwminda dedoflis erTaderTobas mziT
gamoxatavs. RvTismSobeli `mzea gabrwyinvebuli~, radgan is RvTaebrivi naT-
liT brwyinavs.
demetres iambikos dasawyisi da dasasruli erTmaneTs aSinaarsebs, rad-
gan RvTismSobelia `venaxi” da dedofalivea `mzec~. r. siraZis Tanaxmad,
`venaxi~ `sisavsis siWarbes~ moaswavebs. venaxs am sisavses mze aniWebs. venaxi
mziTaa aRvsili, rogorc RvTismSobeli _ RvTaebriobiT. venaxi hyvavis mzis
brwyinvalebiT, RvTismSobeli ki _ RvTaebrivi naTliT. (129, 100).
daviT aRmaSenebeli Tavis `galobani sinanulisani~-Si acxadebs, rom
arcerTi `qalwuli deda~ ar uxilavs mzes, Tvinier wm. mariamisa, romlis
òxiTa imedovnebs codvili da monanuli mefe-poeti Ze RmerTis xilvas, zeS-
Ta saukuneTasa~ naTelTan ziarebas:
araÁ uxilavs mzesa qalwuli dedaÁ Tvinier Sensa,
arca Cemodnad braleulsa _ naTeli misi,
garna me SeniTa
oxiTa, dedofalo,
vesav xilvad naTelsa
110
Zisa Senisasa
da naTelsa zeSTa saukuneTasa~ (49, 221)
bibliis leqsikonSi mzis Sesaxeb naTqvamia: mzes ewodeba udidesi mnaTo-
bi (dab. 1, 16). is Seqmna RmerTma da moaTavsa cis TaRze (dab. 1, 17). mze mar-
Tavda dRes da gansazRvravda weliwadis droebs (dab. 1, 14). RmerTi bato-
nobs mzeze (iob. 9, 7); mze naTels hfens keTilebsa da borotebs (maT. 5, 45),
mze Sedarebulia siZesTan (fs. 18, 5-6)... simbolurad (gadat. mniSvnelobiT)
aRniSnavs: qristes mosvlas (mal. 4, 2), qristes feriscvalebas (maT. 17, 2),
uzenaes mTavars (dab. 37, 9), eklesiis sispetakes (qeb. 6, 10), wmindanTa mo-
maval didebas (maT. 13, 14)...
mTvare. mTvare gansakuTrebiT gaRmerTebuli iyo qaldeaSi. aq da babi-
lonSi mTvare Camqral mzed iTvleboda, xolo Tavad mze ki _ mis energiiT
aRsavse STamomavlad. islamamdel arabeTsa da danarCen semitur kultureb-
Sic mTvaris Tayvaniscema aseve aRemateboda mzis kults. mTvare warmarTav-
da ara mxolod bunebis sasicocxlo ritms, aramed adamianis bediswerasac.
mTvaris uCinar fazasTan uZvelesi warmodgenebiT asocirdeboda sikvdili.
miTopoeturma azrovnebam erTmaneTTan daawyvila siyvaruli da sikvdili,
xolo mTvaris simbolikis miRmiurma aspeqtma mis civ naTebas momnusxveli,
idumali da mistikuri elferi SesZina da samaradJamod daukavSira sasiyva-
rulo gancdis dramatizms. siyvarulSi, rogorc wesi, aracnobieri, iraci-
onaluri sawyisi Warbobs; `simboluri azrovnebis midrekilebam analogiebi-
sadmi es fsiqologiuri fenomenic gaiTvaliswina da mTvare mogvevlina, vi-
Tarca qaluri, pasiuri sawyisi, gansaxiereba aracnobieris wyvdiadisa, im
Secdomebisa, romelnic mziT gamoxatuli cnobierebis gamonaTebamde iyo
daSvebuli...~ (4, 147).
mTvare, mzis msgavsad, umetes xalxTa warmodgenaSi RvTaebadaa miCneuli.
berZnebi mas qalad miiCneven da selenes eZaxian, romaelebi ki _ lunas.
ègviptelTa, frigielTa da aRmosavleTis rigi sxva xalxebis warmodgeniT,
mTvare `mamakacia~ (45, 200). am mxriv sainteresoa qarTuli miTologia Tu
zepirsityviereba, sadac mTvare mamakacadaa dasaxuli. megrul miTologiaSi
mze da mTvare col-qmarni arian, svanuri TqmulebiT _ Zmebi.
111
bibliaSi mTvares pirvelad `dabadebis~ wignSi vecnobiT `mTavrobad Rami-
sa~, kerZod, iakobis mier monaTxrob sizmarSi, sadac is ambobs: àha meCuena
me Cuenebaჲ sxuaჲ, viTarmed mze da mTovare da aTerTmetni varskulavni Tayu-
anis-mcemdes (dab. 37, 9-10). iakobis sizmarSi mzes, mTvares da TerTmet var-
skvlavs simbolur-metaforuli datvirTva aqvs, razec TviTon misi mama agvi-
xels Tvals, is mzed saxierdeba, misi meuRle _ mTvared, TerTmeti varskvla-
vi ki TerTmet Zmad. ase rom, `dabadebaSi~ mTvare qalis _ iakobis dedis _
simboloa. iSviaTad, magram mainc gvxvdeba wmida mariamis mTvaresTan Sed-
areba: `mTovare dadga wmidasa zeda TÂssa, qalwuli ubiwoÁ~ (142, 439).
sagalobeli tradiciulad exmianeba bibliur winaswarmetyvelebas, romelic
ambakum winaswarmetyvelis xilvaSi Semdegnairad gacxadda: àmaRlda mzÀ da
mTovarÀ dadga wessa zeda TÂssa~ (abak. 3, 11). wmida ioane oqropiri
ganmartavs: àmaRlda mzÀ _ iSves RmerTi qalwulisagan, `da mTovarÀ dadges
wessa~ _ qalwuli qalwuladve egos~ (125, 200).
bibliis leqsikonSi mTvareze naTqvamia, rom igi Seqmnilia uflis mier
da mis sadideblad (fs. 148, 3). ewodeba mnaTobi umrwemesi (umcrosi) (dab. 1,
16); gamoyofs dRes Ramisagan, miuTiTebs niSebsa da wlis droebs (dab. 1, 14;
fs. 103, 19), Ramis xelmwifea, misi daniSnulebaa naTeba ukuniTi ukunisamde
(fs. 71, 5-7; 88, 38; ier. 31, 35-36), mTvares Tayvans scemdnen, rogorc zecaTa de-
dofals (ier. 44, 17-19-25), misi Tayvaniscema israelT akrZaluli hqondaT da
daisajnen kidec amisTvis (ier. 8, 1-3).
gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT ki aRniSnavs: eklesiaSi qristes didebas (es. 60,
20), eklesiis mSvenierebas (qeb. 6, 10), samyaros cvalebadobas (gamocx. 12, 1)
da a. S.
mTvaris sulier aspeqtebze saintereso daskvnebs gvTavazobs zviad gamsa-
xurdia. misi azriT, èzoterul qristianobaSi mTvare-mnaTobi sulierad Se-
esabameba suliwmidas, ise rogorc mze-mnaTobi Zes~ (44, 119). mTvariseul,
maradqalur sawyiss, sofias, RvTismSobels xedavs mecnieri aseve graalis
TasSi (44, 181).
varskvlavi. varskvlavi, rogorc wyvdiadSi mocimcime sxivi, sulis simbo-
loa; esaa xateba samyaros Semqmneli RvTebrivi vnebisa; ìdeograma, rome-
lic ganasaxierebs `RmerTisa~ da `cis~ cnebebs.~ (5, 71). amitomacaa, rom
112
saxarebaSi ieso qristes Sobis Jams caze gamoCndeba `beTlemis varskvlavi~
_ mesiis meufebis mauwyebeli.
varskvlavi bibliaSi aRuricxvelobis simbolod gvesaxeba. RmerTi abra-
ams mimarTavs: àRixilen Tualni cad mimarT da aRricxen varskulavni, uke-
Tu Zal-gic aRricxvai maTi, esreT iyos Tesli Seni~. (dab. 15, 5). varskvlav-
Ta ricxvis gansazRvra mxolod ufals SeuZlia: `romelman aRracxis simra-
vle varskulavTa da yovelTave maT saxeliT uwesn~. (fs. 146, 4). es ciuri
sxeulebi bibliaSi sxvadasxvagvarad moixsenieba: mxedrobani, Zalni, samka-
uli caTa, erni. swored am sakiTxze amaxvilebs yuradRebas elguja xinTi-
biZe werilSi: àvTandilis `Zalni zecierni~ `vefxistyaosanTan~ mimarTeba-
Si. mas sailustraciod mohyavs epizodi avTandilisa da Sermadinis saubri-
dan, roca yma wuxs avTandilis marto wasvlis gamo da megzurobas sTava-
zobs mas. gadawyvetileba miRebuli avTandili ki pasuxobs:
`gangebaa, sworad mohklavs, erTi iyos, Tunda asi;
martoeba versa mizams, mcavs Tu cisa ZalTa dasi~ (165, 165). mkvlevari ar
eTanxmeba a. SaniZesa da v. nozaZes, romlebic Tvlidnen, rom `Zalni zeci-
erni~ iyvnen angelozebi da bibliidan (mefeTa 17, 16; mefeTa 21, 3; mefeTa 23,
4-5...) moxmobili da sxva saTanado magaliTebiT gamyarebuli argumentebiT
askvnis, rom àvTandilis Zalni zecierni arian varskvlavebi, konkretulad
ki astrologiuri mnaTobebi. Tanaxmad astrologiuri Tvalsazrisisa, avTan-
dils swams, rom es Zalni zecierni ganageben yvelafers, rac amqveynad xde-
ba. avTandili, emyareba ra saTanado astrologiur Sexedulebebs, evedreba
am mnaTobebs. gmiris mimarTva yoveli mnaTobisadmi astrologiuri codni-
Taa ganpirobebuli...~ (185, 179)
Zvel aRTqmaSi mocemulia aseTi pasaJi: ùCueno mas da ara aw vnatro da
ara maxlobelad gamobrwyindes varskulavi iakobisagan da aRdges kaci is-
raelisagan...~ (ricx. 24, 17), romliTac miniSnebulia iakobisagan mtris gama-
nadgurebeli varskvlavis amosvlaze. am varskvlavis raobas axal aRTqmaSi
ieso qristes sityvebi gvamcnobs: `me var Ziri da naTesavi daviTisi, varsku-
lavi brwyinvale ganTiadisaჲ. (gamocx. 22, 16). es pasaJi arc himnografTaTvi-
saa ucxo:
`varskvlavi aRmohbrwyindi iakobisgan,
113
qristÀ, werilisaebr, da gixiles raÁ
moguTa aRmosavaliT, movides ZRuniTa
Tavyuanis cemad, viTarca meufisa,
romelsa Tavyuanis gcems caÁ da queyanaÁ~ (72, 63)
iakobisgan amomavali varskvlavi gulisxmobs ara zogad varskvlavs, ara-
med konkretulad ciskris varskvlavs, romelic qristea.
sasuliero mwerlobaSi `ciskari~, `ganTiadis varskvlavi~ mariam RvTis-
mSoblis metaforacaa. `sinur mravalTavSi~ naTqvamia: `Sen xar ciskari da-
uRamebelisa mis dRisaÁ, Sen xar mSobeli mzisa mis simarTlisaÁ~ (125, 132).
`RvTismSoblis daujdomelSic~ `ciskari~ wmida mariamis metaforaa: `gixa-
roden, ciskaro saidumloisa dRisao~ (69, 33); `saidumlo dRed~ aq qriste
unda vivaraudoT, romelic swored `ciskarma~ anu wminda mariamma auwya
codvilT.
bibliis leqsikonSi ki varskvlavTa Sesaxeb naTqvamia: isini Seqmna Rmer-
Tma da miamagra cis TaRze (dab. 1, 17). maT dauwesa RamiT naTeba; gvamcnoben
RvTis didebis miuwvdomlobas (fs. 148, 3) da uferulni arian RvTis saxis
winaSe (iob. 25, 5). wmida werilSi naxsenebia: `varskvlavi ganTiadisaÁ~
(gamocx. 2, 28), orioni (iob. 38, 31), mwuxris varskvlavi (iob. 38, 32), araCve-
ulebrivi sikaSkaSis varskvlavi aRmosavleTiT mogvTa mier danaxuli ieso
qristes dabadebis dros (maT. 2, 1-2)...
warmarTni Tayvans scemdnen varskvlavebs, israelT ki ekrZalebodaT maTi
Tayvaniscema; varskvlavebiT gzas ikvlevdnen mezRvaurni (saqme. 27, 20).
gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT isini aRniSnaven: qristes (ricx. 24, 17; gamoc.
22, 16); angelozebs (iob. 38, 7), marTalTa da wmidaTa didebas (gamoc. 2, 28),
RvTis WeSmarit msaxurTa jildos (dan. 12, 3)...
am yvelafris gaTvaliswinebiTa da CvenebiT, vfiqrobT, sainteresod gad-
mosces qarTvelma himnografebma RvTismSoblis saxe mnaTobTa simbolikis
moxmobiT. `xiluli mnaTobebi Tavad RmerTisa da mis ZalTa xatebad
gvevlinebian, ise rogorc xiluli cecxli qristes saxed aris aRqmuli
bibliaSi~ (82, 99). `did mnaTobebad arian miCneuli mTavarangelozebi. Teo-
logiaSi isini meorad, gonismier sinaTleebad iTvlebian, romlebsac pir-
veladi da dausabamo sinaTlisagan aqvT ganmanaTlebloba~ (174, 344).
114
mnaTobTa msgavsad, naTebis unari adamiansac aqvs miniWebuli. rogorc
RvTis xatad da msgavsad Seqmnili, is cdilobs mibaZos Semoqmeds, iswrafos
misken. qristianuli gagebiT, es gza xorcielis daTrgunvas, warmavalis wil
waruvalis Seyvarebas, amaoebisagan ganZarcvas gulisxmobs.
115
6. macxovrisa da RvTismSoblis saerTo saxe-simboloebi
kacobriobis arsebobis istoriaSi adamiani mudam Sestrfis da ganadi-

debs maradiulobas, zedroulobas, romlis saTavesTan dgas ufali da misi
amqveynad momavlinebeli qalwuli, romelTac himnografTaAbageni daudumeb-
lad ganadidebs. garda zemoT ganxiluli simboloebisa, qarTvel
himnografTa Semoqmedeba mdidaria iseTi saxeebiT, romlebic erTdroulad
miemarTeba rogorc RvTismSobels, aseve macxovars da Cven, rigiT
mkiTxvelebs yovlismomcvel universaliebTan gvaziarebs. arcTu ise mcirea
aseT simboloTa ricxvi, romelTa genezisze dakvirvebas aseve bibliasTan
mivyavarT da kidev erTxel gvagrZnobinebs himnografTa SemoqmedebiTi fan-
taziisa da daxvewili gemovnebis unars.
kibe. gankacebamde ufali sxvadasxva sagnis saxiT ecxadeboda adamianebs.
kibec erT-erTi maTgania, romelic RvTis gamocxadebas gvauwyebs.
rogorc bibliis komentarebSia miTiTebuli, warmodgena ciur kibeze sak-
maod gavrcelebuli yofila. msoflios mravali xalxis rwmenaSi arsebobs
zeciuri kibe, romelic miwidan zecad iyo aRmarTuli da maTze RmerTebi
gadmodiodnen, rom piradad mieRoT monawileoba adamianTa saqmeebSi. zogier-
Ti Zveli da Tanamedrove xalxebis rwmeniT ki micvalebulTa sulebi miwidan
zecad kibis saSualebiT adian, amitomac saflavebze miniaturul kibes aR-
marTavdnen (149, 326).Emacxovrisa da RvTismSoblis kibed moxseniebac saRvTis-
metyvelo tradicias emyareba da misi safuZveli bibliaSi devs. Sesaqmis wig-
nSi moTxrobilia, Tu rogor ixila sizmrad iakobma cad aRmarTuli kibe,
romelic RmerTis xilvis, misi gamocxadebis saSualebaa: `da aha esera, kibe-
ni aRmarTebulni queyaniT, romlisa Tavi miwdomil iyo cad da angelozni
RmrTisani aRvidodes da gardamovidodes mas zeda. xolo ufali damtkice-
bul iyo mas zeda~. (dab. 28, 12).
kibis simbolikas qarTul himnografiaSi didi tradicia aqvs, gansakuTre-
biT, wminda mariamTan mimarTebiT. ioane SavTeli Tavis `galobani varZiisa
RmrTismSoblisanSi~ dedaRvTisas kibed moixseniebs, rac bibliaSi zemoTnax-
senebi movlenis gamoxatulebaa:
ìakob kibed gixila, xolo mose mayulad,
116
daniel mTad, gedeon sawmisad...~ (135, 304).
ioane mtbevari ki `RmrTis damtevnel kibes~ uwodebs qalwuls:
`Sen RmrTisa damtevnelo, gamouTqumelad
kibeo, romelsa zeda gardamoÃda
RmerTi da xati monisaÁ miiRo dRes
da zecad aRmiyvanna Sen mier qalwulo.
amisTÂsca sarwmunovebiT gadidebT~ (72, 56).
wminda mariami iakobis kibea, radgan swored masze `gardamoÃda~ macxova-
ri Cvens mxsnelad: `kibed iakobisad iwode Sen, romelsa gardamoÃda dambade-
beli mÃsnelad Cuenda, viTarca wÂmaÁ sawmissa zeda mdumriad Sengan gamogÂb-
rwyinda, dabadebulTa dedofalo, amisaTÂs yovelni gadidebT~ (135, 306).
es motivi da wminda mariamis kibed saxeldeba arc besarion orbeliSvi-
lis SemoqmedebisTvisaa ucxo: `dausabamosa mis RmrTisa mtÂrTuÀlad gamoh-
sCndi Sen, ubiwoo qalwulo mariam, RmrTisa sadguro da kibeo RuTaebisao,
romeli Sen zeda gardamoÃda da Sengan Ãorcni Seisxna~... (152, 194).
simbolurad qalwuli mariami miwasa da zecas Soris gadebuli xidia,
kibea, romlis saSualebiTac codvis morevSi myofi kacTa modgmis RmerTTan
dabruneba, zeciur sasufevelSi damkvidreba gaxda SesaZlebeli. simbolos
sulieri mxaris warmosaCenad himnografebs masTan SeuwyvilebiaT Sesabamisi
epiTeti: ìxareben saRmrToni qadagni winaÁswarmetyuelni da mamaTmTavarni,
rameTu sarwmuno iqmnnes TqumulTa maTTa Sen zeda uqcevelad aRsrulebiTa,
usZloo sZalo RmrTisa maRlisao. gixaroden, karavo wmidao, abrahamis
gamosaxulo da kibeo suliero iakobis xilulo~ (72, 383). iakobis kibe
srulyofili saxea RvTismSoblisa. igi adamianebs Seaxsenebs, rom RmerTi
mudam maTTanaa. angelozebis asvla-Camosvla kibeze ki kacTa modgmaze
RvTismSoblis ganuwyveteli mzrunvelobis gamoxatulebadaa miCneuli.
asevea TeologiaSi, sadac kibed aris moazrebuli macxovris jojoxeTSi
Casvla. iakobis kibe erT-erTi yvelaze popularulia Sua saukuneebis xelov-
nebaSi. mas vxvdebiT oqridis wmida sofias taZarSi, trapezuntis wmida sofi-
as taZarSi, oqridis wmida klimentis taZarSi, aTonis protatonis monastris
kariaisis eklesiaSi da aseve palermos palatinis kapelaSi, monrealSi da
117
a.S. xolo qarTul sinamdvileSi iakobis kibe gvxvdeba beTaniis, zarzmis, an-
Cisxatis moxatulobebSi.
sanTeli. morwmune adamianisTvis sanTeli aris rwmenisa da nugeSis
maradiuli simbolo. bibliuri simbolikiT `sanTeli anTebuli da saCino~
(ioan. 5, 33-35) ufalTan ziarebis simboloa. àlbaT, swored amitom uamravi
lampriTa da sanTliT gaaCiraRdna IV saukunis dasawyisSi, aRdgomis dResas-
waulze konstantinepoli konstantine didma, romlis saxelTanacaa dakavSi-
rebuli romis imperiaSi qristianuli sarwmunoebis legalizeba~. (5, 38). san-
Teli, rogorc RvTismsaxurebis ganuyofeli elementi, Zveli aRTqmis tradi-
ciiTaa kanonizirebuli. qristianTa pirveli devnis droidan mas, garda sak-
ralurisa, funqciuri daniSnulebac hqonda, radgan pirvel qristianebs li-
turgiis Catareba warmarTTagan malulad, Zvel mRvimeebsa da katakombebSi
uxdebodaT. im droidan romaelebic TiTqmis intensiurad xmaroben sanTels.
sanTeli im simboloTagania, romelic erTdroulad qristesac miemarTeba
da RvTismSobelsac. macxovari mTeli qveynierebis manaTobeli `zeciuri
sanTelia~: `sanTeli igi zecisaÁ dabadebulTa ganmanaTlebeli sabazmakesa
mas zeda wmidasa mouklebelad mgznebare cecxli saRmrToÁ nebTa zeda
ubiwoÁsaTa gamoCnda da araÁ Semwvel eqmna...~ (73, 219).
qalwulis aRmniSvnel simbolod himnografebTan sanTelTan erTad
sasanTlec gvxvdeba, rac am SemTxvevaSi uSualod wminda mariams aRniSnavs,
xolo masze danTebuli sanTeli ki Cvens saxsnelad mosuli macxovaria.
Zveli aRTqmiseuli sanTeli, rogorc mariam RvTismSoblis winasaxe, axal
aRTqmaSi zogadad siwmidis simbolodaa miCneuli. macxovari ganumartavs
Tavis mowafeebs: isini TavianTi keTili saqmeebiT ise unda anaTebdnen
adamianTa winaSe, rogorc sanTeli: àrca aRanTian sanTeli da dadgian
queSe ÃÂmirsa, aramed sasanTlesa zeda, da hnaTobn igi yovelTa, romelni
iyvnian saxlsa Sina~ (maT. 5,15). swored uflis am sityvebiT mimarTavs wminda
abo afxazeTis mTavars, romelic evedreba mas, afxazeTSi darCes da
sarkinozebis mier dakavebul qarTlSi ar wavides. (153, 456)
sanTeli qalwulebriv siwmides gamoxatavs aTi qalwulis igavSi (maT. 25,
1-12), romlis mixedviTac gonieri qalwulebi siZis misagebeblad anTebuli
lamprebiT gavlen, xolo ugunurebi zeTis uqonlobis gamo ver aanTeben
118
lamprebs. wmida ioane oqropiris ganmartebiT `sanTlad aqa ityÂs
saTnoebasa mas qalwulebisasa da iwmidesa mas ubiwoebisasa~ (176, 338).
uZveles iadgarSi RvTis dedisaTvis sanTeli WeSmariti uwodebiaT:
`taZari xar macxovrisaÁ da sanTeli WeSmariti, qalwulo mariam~, _
naTqvamia aRdgomis dasdebelSi (142, 382). mariam RvTismSoblis maradiuli
bunebis gamomxatvel mxatvrul saxeTa Soris yuradRebas iqcevs sanTlis
simbolosTan dakavSirebuli epiTeti `dauSreteli~: `sanTelo dauSretelo,
yolad wmidao qalwulo, Sen muclad-iRe yovelTa Semoqmedi da Sengan iSva
mÃsneli da macxovari soflisaÁ. kurTxeul xar Sen dedaTa Soris da
kurTxeul ars nayofi muclisa SenisaÁ~ (142, 398-399).
sanTlis mniSvneloba axsnilia TeologiaSi, sadac igi uflis saTno
moRvaweobadaa miCneuli: `romelman aRanTos sanTeli TÂsi, nu daSretn mas~
(160, 307). amitomac sasuliero poeziaSi sanTlad aris dasaxuli wmidanTa
Rvawlic. rodesac saRvTo saxelebi `wmidanebs miesadagebian, maSin
Teologiur-filosofiur aspeqts erTvis mxatvruli elementi, radgan
saRvTo saxelebi mxatvrul literaturaSi adamianis epiTetad, atributad
gamoiyeneba, riTac konkretuli pirovnebis RvTaebrioba an ganRmrTobiloba
wamoiwevs win~ (135, 12).
RvTis mcnebebis erTguleba, locva, marxva WeSmariti qristianuli cxov-
rebis sawindaria, rac aRqmulia sinaTled. amitomac aseT adamianTa Rvawli
sanTelTan aris Sedarebuli, radganac igi asxivosnebs mTeli sazogadoebis
cxovrebas, da, amdenad, yvelasaTvis saxilveli da sacnauri xdeba. amgvarad
aris aRqmuli wmida basili didis Rvawli: `Tavsa da dasabamsa RmrTis met-
yuelebisasa, sacnaursa mas sanTelsa, yovlad mouklebelad mnaTobsa qris-
tes eklesiaTasa...~ (72, 201). himnografs sanTlad dausaxavs wmida efTÂme
mTawmindelic, saRvTo wignTa mTargmneli, qarTvelTa sulieri saunjis
gamamdidrebeli: `samebisa naTliTa hnaTobdi, Rirso, yovelsa sofelsa
hbrwyinevdi. raÁ sanTeli maRalsa mas zeda sasanTlesa~ (72, 159).
klde. klde da qva adamianTa yuradRebas uZvelesi droidanve iqcevda.
sxvadasxva xalxis warmodgenebis Tanaxmad, qvis siwminde ganpirobebuli iyo
imiT, rom is RvTis samkvidrebels warmoadgenda. amis gamoxatulebas vpou-
lobT Zvel aRTqmaSi, sadac qvas `saxli RvTisa~ ewoda. dabadebaSi moTxro-
119
bilia: iakobma sizmris xilvis Semdeg aiRo lodi, romelic sasTumlad edo
`...aRmarTa igi Zeglad da daasxa zeTi Tavsa zeda mis lodisasa da uwoda
saxeli adgilsa mas `saxli RmrTisa~ (dab. 28; 18, 19). wmida qvaze zeTis
dasxmis tradicias aseve icnobdnen Zveli msoflios adamianebi.
RvTismetyvelebaSi klde miCneulia rogorc macxovris, aseve RvTis-
mSoblis simbolod. aseTive datvirTvis matarebelia igi sasuliero po-
eziaSic: `kldisgan gamoukueTelisa gamoxved qriste, romeli ars dedaÁ
qalwuli, uqorwinebelisa, sityuaÁ dausabamoÁ dausabamoÁsa mamisa macxov-
rad sulTa CuenTa~ (168, 160). gamoukveTeli klde RvTismSoblis qal-
wulobis aRmniSvnelia, rac aseve Zveli aRTqmiseuli movlenis gamoxatu-
leba da aRsrulebaa. gamosvlaTa wigni mogviTxrobs: udabnoSi myof ebra-
elebs SemoakldaT wyali. Sewuxebulebma moses dauwyes yvedreba. mosem,
RvTis brZanebiT, dakra kldeze kverTxi da gadmovida wyali (gam. 17, 16), rac
simbolurad RvTismSoblisgan ieso qristes movlinebas gulisxmobs.
klde, rogorc RvTismSoblis simbolo VII saukunis wmida mamis maqsime
aRmsareblis `RvTismSoblis cxovrebaSic~ figurirebs: èse ars kldÀ cxo-
rebisaÁ, romlisagan sues wyurvilTa wyali ukudavebisaÁ~ (A 40; Rtl:260 v).
cxovrebis klde aq RvTismSobelia, xolo ukvdavebis wyali _ misgan Sobi-
li macxovari.
kldis mniSvneloba pavle mociqulma ganmarta pirvel epistoleSi
korinTelTa mimarT: `xolo klde igi iyo qriste~ (1 kor. 10, 4).
sasuliero poeziaSi klde wmidanis erT-erT metaforadac gvxvdeba, rac
saxarebiseuli swavlebiTaa nasazrdoebi. macxovarma klde uwoda petre mo-
ciquls, rogorc sarwmunoebis mtkice damcvels. aqedan gamomdinare, wmida-
nis mier saxarebis mcnebebis dacva, sarwmunoebis erTguleba, himnografis
mier kldis simtkicesTan aris Sedarebuli. ioane mtbevari ase mimarTavs ba-
sili neokesariels: àRiRe brZeno marcuali igi sarwmunoebisaÁ gonebasa da
aRasrule sityuaÁ saxarebisaÁ, raJams ubrZane mTasa mas cvalebad, rameTu
swor petresa iyav Sen klde sarwmunoebisa~ (72, 96).
Rrubeli. aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom Cveni Soreuli winaprebi Rrubels
zebunebriv sawyiss miawerdnen. es warmodgena sxvadasxva religiur sistemaSi
TiTqmis Tanxvedri simbolikiT aisaxa, iyo es `naTeli Rrubeli~ Tu
120
`RrubelTa Saravandedi~... saRrmTo werili am simbolikiT gansakuTrebiT
mdidaria: Rrubeli aq xan `cecxlovani svetia~, xan `didebis Rrubeli~, an,
ubralod, `RmrTis Rrubeli~ _ uflis mierve Seqmnili, RvTaebrivi sibrZnisa
Tu Zlierebis gamomxatveli.
`RrubelTmetyvelebaSi~ kolosaluri mniSvneloba eniWeboda Rrublis
fersa da formas. Rrublis qaTqaTa qulebi dRemde, antikuri inerciiT
(sadac isini apolonis òTxfexa mrevls~ anu cxvars ganasaxierebda),
`naTeli idumalebis~ SegrZnebas badebs da angelozTa sabrZanebelTan aris
asocirebuli, xolo mrume, Savi Rrubeli _ damTrgunveli uimedobisa da
sabediswero gansacdelis universalur poetur simbolod iqca~ (5, 104).
Rrubeli Seqmnilia RmrTis mier. aCvenebs mis Zlierebasa da sibrZnes. maT
ewodebaT cis sarkmelebi, ciuri WurWeli, RmrTis fexTa mtveri. gadataniTi
mniSvnelobiT ki, RmrTis miuwvdomlobas niSnavs. Rrublis funqcia yvelam
viciT, igi wvimis momyvania. wvima rwyavs dedamiwas, axarebs da amravlebs
yvela suldgmuls.
Rrubeli, Rrublis sveti im saxelTa jgufs miekuTvneba, romlebic
arsobrivad RmerTs miesadageba, da amave dros RvTismSobelsac aRniSnavs.
Rrublis sveti, romelic egviptidan aRTqmuli miwisaken mimaval ebraelebs
uCrdilavda dRisiTac da RamiTac, simbolurad moaswavebda yovladwmida
qalwuls, romelmac mogvivlina qriste RmerTi _ mze simarTlisa. rodesac
gaifanta urwmunoebis wyvdiadi, yovladwmida RvTismSobeli gamoCnda cec-
xlovan Rrublis svetad, romelic, simbolurad, sibneleSi myofi
kacobriobis winamZRols ganasaxierebda. saRvTismSoblo simbolikis
mkvlevari tite mosia Rrublis simbolikaSi macxovris RvTaebrivi
mxurvalebis dacxromasac warmoaCens: `wmida mariami Rrublis saxiT
moevlina adamis modgmas, romelmac mze-RmerTis damadnobeli mxurvaleba
daacxro, sadac codviT almokidebulT suli moiTqves~ (102, 116).
Zvel aRTqmaSi nislis gamoCena bibliur gamocxadebaTa momaswavebelia.
Zveli aRTqmis gamosvlaTa wigni mogviTxrobs winaswarmetyvel moses Ses-
vlaze nislSi: `dadga yoveli eri Sors. xolo mose Sevida nislsa, sada iyo
RmerTi~Y(gam. 20, 21). aqve moTxrobilia, rom moses mier agebul moZrav ta-
Zars dRisiT Rrublis sveti faravda, xolo RamiT _ cecxlis msgavsi sveti.
121
roca Rrublis sveti wavidoda, ebraelebic gayvebodnen mas; roca sveti Cer-
deboda, ebraelebic Cerdebodnen da binavdebodnen. `da viTarca Sevides mo-
se karavsa mas, gardamoÃdis sueti igi Rrublisa da dadgis karTa Tana mis
karvisaTa da etyÂn ufali moses... da hxedvida yoveli igi eri suetsa mas
Rrublisasa, mdgomaresa karTa zeda mis karvisaTa da dgan yoveli igi eri
da Tayuanis-scis kacad-kacadman kariT karvisa TÂsisaÁT~ (gam. 33, 9-10).
Rrubeli winaswarmetyveluri xilvaa, igi RmerTis gamocxadebadaa aRqmu-
li gamosvlaTa wignSi (gam. 19, 20-24; 33), romelic gaxda dasabami, sawyisi
sxva bibliur wignebSi asaxuli naTlis, Rrublis, nislis simbolikisa.
dedaRvTisas mimarTebiT umetesad `naTliT savse Rrubeli~ gvxvdeba; es
simbolo macxovriT avsebul RvTismSobels aRniSnavs.
Rrubels, rogorc RvTismSoblis epithets, Zalzed xSirad mimarTaven
himnografebic:
`romeli pirvel israÀlTa banaksa
uZRoda udabnos suetiTa cecxlisaÁTa
da agrilobda RrubliTa naTlisaÁTa...~ (72, 16)
ioane mtbevari `RvTis damtevnel Rrublad~ moixseniebs deda qalwuls:
`Rrubelsa RmrTis damtevnelsa gigalobT,
romelsa zeda ufali gardamoÃda...~
miqael modrekilis àRdgomis dasdebelSi~ vkiTxulobT: `galobiT
vadidebT naTliTa Semosilsa Rrubelsa, romelsa zeda gardamoxda yovelTa
meufÀ, viTarca wvimaÁ sawmissa zeda~... (99, 321); iqve wminda mariami `qristes
Semwynarebel Rrubladaa~ saxeldebuli: `qriste, RmrTisa sityuao, raJams
aRhmaRldi zecad mTisa mis gan zeTisxilTaÁsa, Rrubelman Segiwynara.~ (99,
335).
es saxe gvxvdeba ùZveles iadgarSic~, sadac vkiTxulobT: `Rrubeli
naTlisaÁ xari Sen qalwulo, mas mohyvanda Ze, uwinares mTebisa Sobili~ (142,
98). es sityvebi genetikur kavSirSia maTes saxarebis erT-erT nawyvetTan: àha
esera, Rrubeli naTlisa agrilobda maT, da aha, xma iyo RrubliT gamo da
hsTqua: ese ars Ze Cemi sayuareli, romeli me saTno viyav, magisi ismineT”
(maT. 17, 5).
122
es saxe `RvTismSoblis Sobis sakiTxavSic~ dasturdeba: `gixaroden, Rru-
belo naTlisao, romeli-ege udabnosa Sina amis cxovrebisasa meoxebiTa Se-
niTa ugrilob israelsa... romlisagan aRmoÃda mze simarTlisaÁ, romelman-
igi SaravandedTa mier uxrwnelebisaTa ganamdidra yovelive~ (166, 112).
es epiTeti asev gvxvdeba `nevmirebul ZlispirnSic~, romelic Xs-is damle-
viTa da XIs-is dasawyisiT TariRdeba:
`gixaroden Sen, taZaro
saRmrToÁsa gangebulebisao,
gixaroden, Rrubelo...~ (109, 309)
mariam RvTismSoblis naTlis Rrublad, naTlis svetad warmosaxvis
bibliur tradicias aqtiurad agrZeleben momdevno periodis qarTveli
himnografebic. nikoloz gulaberisZis `galobani suetisa cxovelisanSi~
`sveti naTlisa~ ramdenime funqciiT gvxvdeba, romelTa Soris erT-erTi
mariam RvTismSobelze mimaniSnebelia: `saxed Senda naTlisa sueti gamoaCina
Sengan tÂrTulman RmerTman. amisTÂs Tayvanis gcemT Sen mis Tana!~ (135, 288).A
TeologiaSi gavrcelebuli TvalsazrisiT, RrubeliAOMsapirispiro mniS-
vnelobis matarebelicaa, rac evasTan mimarTebiT namdvilad dasturdeba
ZlispirebSi. evas wyeva Rrublis negatiur funqciad aris warmoCenili, cod-
vis ganmaqarveblad ki mariam RvTismSobelia dasaxuli: èvaÁs wyevisa Rrube-
li ganqarda, mariam, SobiTa SeniTa dRes. sacTuri daiÃsna, da macTuri igi
gueli moikla Sen mier, RmrTisa dedao~ (168, 137).
rogorc vnaxeT, sasuliero poeziaSi damkvidrebuli RrubelTan dakavSi-
rebuli `sveti naTlisa”, `Rrubeli naTlisa~, aris rogorc RvTis, aseve ma-
riam RvTismSoblis simbolo. rogorc zeviTac aRvniSneT, igi winaswarmetyve-
luri xilvaa, RmerTis gamocxadebadaa aRqmuli gamosvlaTa wignSi (gam. 19,
20-24; 33), xolo Rrublis sveti, romelic egviptidan aRTqmuli miwisaken
mimaval ebraelebs uCrdilavda dRisiTac da RamiTac, simbolurad
moaswavebda yovladwmida qalwuls, romelmac macxovari mogvivlina.
am simbolosTan erTad xSirad gvxvdeba epiTeti `sulmcire~, romelic
mxolod RvTismSobels miemarTeba da ukavSirdeba esaia winaswarmetyvelis
xilvas: àha, ufali zis Rrubelsa zeda subuqsa da movals egÂpted...~ (es.
19, 21) naTqvamia uflis mimarT da RvTismSoblis `sulmcire Rrublad~
123
gaazrebac aqedan unda iRebdes saTaves. es gardasaxva ki qristianul epoqaSi
unda momxdariyo.
epiTetTan dakavSirebiT saintereso mosazrebas gvTavazobs lela xaCiZe,
romelsac mohyavs `sulmciris~ berZnuli Sesatyvisi „koũφos“, rac `msubuqs~
niSnavs. am sityvas amgvaradve (`msubuqi, mCate~) ganmartavs ilia abulaZe
Tavis `Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikonSi~ (6, 405). maSasadame, aRniSnuli
epiTetis mixedviT, RvTismSobeli aris msubuqi, haerovani Rrubeli,
romelmac macxovari itvirTa.
wmida weriliseuli es epizodi gamoxatulebas poulobs ZlispirSi:
`Rrublad sulmcired iwode: egpÂted Semavalad. romelsa getÂirTva RmerTi
yovelTaÁ mklavTa zeda ubiwoo RmrTismSobelo amisTÂs morwmuneni maradis
gnatrian Sen: nu dascxrebi oxasa CuenTÂs macxovrisa mimarT~ (168, 25); iqve:
ìesu, mjdomarÀ didebiT saydarTa RmrTeebisaTa movida RrubliTa
sulmciriTa, romel ars qalwuli gamoucdeli, Ãsnad Cuenda mRaRadebelTaÁ~
(168, 111). azri savsebiT naTelia: ieso qriste sulmcire RrubliT movida
adamianTa gamosaxsnelad.
esaia winaswarmetyvelis mier xiluli, Rrubelze mjdomi macxovari him-
nografs sasuliero poeziaSi cnobili saRvTo atributebiT Seumkia:L `mogas-
wavebda, usZlo[o], pirvel esaia winaÁswarmetyueli Rrublad sulmcired,
Rirso, rameTu Seiwynare saSosa cuari cxorebisaÁ~ (111, 703).
`sulmcirÀ Rrubeli~ RvTismSoblis epiTetad ùZveles iadgarSic~
gvxvdeba: `gixaroden, RmrTismSobelo, suliero taZaro, romeli bunebiT
mayualsa miemsgavse, romeli xar sulmcirÀ Rrubeli~ (143, 478). es epiTeti
araerTgzis dasturdeba miqael modrekilis iadgarSic: `Rrubelo
sulmcireo naTliTa Semosilo~ (74, 224); èse movida maRliT simdabled mzeÁ
simarTlisaÁ, dafaruli Rrubelsa sulmciresa~ (74, 297); `qalwulman gÂSva
enmanuvel, sityuaÁ pirvel JamTa Sobili. ese ars sulmcireÁ igi Rrubeli~.
(74, 298).
ioane minCxis sagaloblebSic ramdenjerme dasturdeba RvTismSoblis
simbolod `Rrubeli sulmcire~: `Rrublisagan sulmcirisa vixileT Cuen
naTeli msxdomareTa sikudilisa aCrdilTa. mzeÁ igi simarTlisaÁ qristÀ
mimyvanebeli naTelsa ukudavebisasa~ (73, 70);
124
`lampriTa sulieriTa
sÂmeon marTlisa Tana
ganvideT Cuen migebebad meufisa,
rameTu movida RmrTeebiT
RrubliTa sulmciriTa
aRsrulebad Sjulisa,
gamobrwyinvebad naTeli
warmarTTa zeda...~ (73, 320);
lela xaCiZis dakvirvebiT, droTa ganmavlobaSi `sulmcires~ qarTul en-
aSi daukargavs pirvandeli mniSvneloba. sulxan sabasTan igi ganmartebu-
lia: `sulmoklesaviT~, rac am sityvis dRevandel gagebas exmaureba. Tumca,
mecnieris azriT, sityvis mniSvnelobis Secvlas gavlena ver mouxdenia epi-
Tetze. mas gaugrZelebia arseboba Tavisi pirvandeli mniSvnelobiT da erov-
nuli saxismetyvelebis organul nawilad qceula (182, 74-75). es SemTxveva
sainteresoa im mxrivac, rom himnografiaSi arsebuli mxatvruli saxe-
Sesityvebani myar, frazeologiur nimuSebs warmoadgens da sityvis mniSvne-
lobis cvla gavlenas ver axdens mis Tavdapirvel Sinaarsze.
sainteresoa, ratomaa RvTismSobeli mCate, msubuqi Rrubeli? konkretu-
lad Rrublis funqciasa da mis mimarTebaze RvTismSobelTan zemoT ukve vi-
saubreT. epiTeti `sulmcire~ gvexmareba imaSi, rom zogadad Sesadarebel
saganSi ganvasxvavoT fizikuri da sulieri mxare, rac simboluri azrovne-
bis umTavres niSnad iTvleba. materialuri Rrubeli TavisdaTavad mZime iq-
neba, ramdenadac mas wvima mohyavs. RvTismSobeli ki msubuqia, radganac man
macxovari mogviyvana.
himnografebi bibliur movlenebTan erTad xSirad bibliur personaJebsac
ixsenieben: `lampriTa sulieriTa sÂmeon marTlisa Tana ganvideT Cuen
migebebad meufisa, rameTu movida RmrTeeba RrubliTa sulmciriTa aRsru-
lebad Sjulisa, gamobrwyinvebad naTeli warmarTTa zeda, aw SevwiroT mis-
sa qebaÁ, raÁTa vpooT mis mier didi wyalobaÁ moslvassa mas missa didebiT~
(73, 320). svimeon uflismimrqmelis xseneba sagalobelSi mkiTxvels Seax-
senebs saxarebiseul epizods, romlis Tanaxmadac moxucebuli svimeoni
125
axalSobil macxovars miegeba da xelSi aiyvana. am movlenis gaxsenebiT him-
nografi svimeonTan erTad Cvenc mogviwodebs uflis migebebad gasvlisken.
wyaro. himnografiaSi gavrcelebuli RvTismSoblis es hipodigma ezekiel
winaswarmetyvelis xilvas ukavSirdeba.
ezekiels RmerTma uCvena taZari, saidanac gamodioda wyaro da Caedinebo-
da mkvdar zRvaSi (ezek. 47). wyaros saxismetyvelebiTad aris ganmartebuli
areopagitikaSi: àmis mRvdelmTavrobisa dasabam ars wyaro cxovrebis, arse-
baÁ saxarebis, erTi igi mizezi, arsTa arseba~ (119, 158). wyaro saintereso
saxe-simboloa, is mravalmxriv aris sayuradRebo, radganac ramdenime
funqciiT gvxvdeba sasuliero mwerlobaSi. gavixsenoT axali aRTqma.
macxovarma Tavisi moZRvreba maradiul wyaros Seadara, radganac mxolod is
aris adamianTaTvis ukvdavebisa da saukuno sicocxlis momniWebeli: `da
eqmnas wyali, romeli me mivsce mas, wyaro wylisa cxovelisa da uZRodis mas
cxovrebad saukunod~ (ioan. 4, 14). `...da yovelTa ufalman qristes wylad
TÂssa moZRurebasa saxelsdva: `romelsa gwyuriso, movediT Cemda da suT~
(ioan. 7, 37).
qristes mier sakuTari moZRvrebis wyarod saxeldebas himnografiaSic
upovia gamoxatuleba. aq qristes moZRvrebiT irwyvebian wmida mamebi: `saxlsa
Sina RmrTisasa mdgomare iyav, Rirso, warsadinelsa wyalTa maT cxovelTa
qristes mcnebaTasa da irwyvebodi maT mier klimi~ (72, 120). Tavad macxovris
winasaxed wyaros iSviaTad, Tumca mainc vxvdebiT: `...RmerT ars Ãorciel-
qmnuli, romeli uqcevelad gamovida Sengan ubiwod. igi gamoadinebs aw
cxorebasa morwmuneTaTvs, rameTu wyaroÁ ars ukdavebisaÁ~ (109, 663).
wmida werilis `wyaros~ kidev erTi funqcia mariam RvTismSobelze winas-
warmetyveluri miniSnebaa. himnografebs wyaros saxeSi xatovnad mouazre-
biaT cxovrebis aRmomacenebeli RvTismSobeli: `romelman aRmogvicene way-
roÁ ukudavebisaÁ _ dedaÁ Seni~ (142, 369); `gigalobT Sen, qalwulo,
RmrTismSobelo, uÃrwnelo, qerubinisebr simtkiceo, romlisgan RmerTi iSva,
rameTu ESen mxolod eqmen wyaroÁ uÃrwnelebis, romelman aRmogÂcÀne yo-
velTa cxorebaÁ, romlisgan aRmovivsebT kurnebasa~ (142, 401). `gixaroden
wyaroo cxovrebis aRmomacenebelo~ (99, 26); yovelTaTvis cxovrebis momniWe-
beli qriste uxrwnelebis wyarom, anu mariam RvTismSobelma aRmogvicena.
126
RvTismSoblis qalwuloba ki `dabeWduli wyaros~ saxiTaa gacxadebuli.
am simbolos arsSi gasarkvevad wminda ioane oqropiris sityvebs movixmobT:
`wyarod dabeWdulad amisaTÂs giwoda Sen, rameTu mdinarÀ igi cxorebisaÁ
Sengan gamovida da ganavso yoveli sofeli da Tualsa mas wyaroÁsasa ara
daaklda yovladve~ (125, 205). rogorc ganmartebidan irkveva, `dabeWduli
wyaro~ qalwul mariamis ubiwoebisa da maradqalwulobis gamomxatveli epi-
Teti yofila. miqael modrekili, erT-erT sagalobelSi, mas qalwulobis ga-
momxatvel ramdenime sxva epiTetTan erTad warmogvidgens: `gixaroden mTao
gamoukueTelo lodsa sacnaursa ubiwod mSobelo: gixaroden bWeo: aRmosava-
lisao daÃSulo da wyaroo dabeWdulo. gixaroden RvTismSobelo: aRdga
mkvdreTiT Ze Seni da RmerTi Cveni, romelsa aqus didi waylobaÁ~ (72, 492).
epiTeti ,,dabeWduli~ sasuliero mwerlobaSi aseve wignis hipodigmasTanac
aris dawyvilebuli. `dabeWduli wigni~ `dabeWduli wyaros~ darad, aseve sai-
dumlos Semnaxvelia. am saidumlos gaxsna ki mxolod macxovars SeuZlia,
radgan is aris qalwulebis mizezi. dabeWdili wignis saidumloebas pirve-
lad Zvel aRTqmaSi vkiTxulobT: `da iyvnen Tquenda sityuani ese, viTarca
sityuani wignisa mis dabeWdulisani, romeli ukueTu miscen kacsa mecniersa
kiTxvisasa da hrqvan mas warikiTxe, xolo man hrquas: ara ZalmiZs kiTxvad,
rameTu dabeWdul ars~ (es. 29). xolo mis arss xatovnad ganmartavs wmida io-
ane damaskeli: `gixaroden, wigno dabeWdulo, yovlisaganve gulissityÂsa gan-
mxrwnelsa Seuxebelo, vinaÁ-igi mogueca Sjuli RmrTiv dawerili, Sen mxo-
loÁsa mier xolo qalwulebiT warkiTxuli~ (166, 110).
xatovnebiT gamoirCeva aseve `dauwyuedeli wyaro~, romelic himnografebs
qalwulis maradiuli bunebis gadmosacemad SeuqmniaT. erT-erT RmrTismSob-
lisanSi qalwuli mariami mamaTmTavarTa mier aRmocenebul wyarod aris
naxsenebi. himnografi mamaTmTavrebSi bibliur winaswarmetyvelebs gulis-
xmobs, romelTagan saukuneebis winaT gveuwya macxovris movlineba daumSra-
li, maradiuli wyarosgan: `mamaTmTavarTa mier aRmogvicendi wyaroÁ dauwyu-
edeli, RmrTismSobelo qalwulo, Sen mier miviReT mdinareÁ ukudavebisaÁ,
romlisagan aRvivseniT wyurielni madlisagan~ (168, 174).
127
aqedan gamomdinare, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom wyaro himnografiaSi sami saxiT
gvxvdeba: aRniSnavs macxovars, qristes moZRvrebas da aseve simboloa RvTis-
mSoblisa.
qarTul himnografiaSi RvTismSoblisa da macxovris erTdroulad
aRmniSvnel simboloTa rigs aseve miekuTvneba: xe cxovrebisa, venaxi, tevani,
yvavili, morCi, vardi, naTeli, mze, iona winaswarmetyveli, taZari,
margaliti... romelTa Sesaxebac dawvrilebiT saTanado qveTavebSi
vsaubrobT.
rogorc vnaxeT, uamravi iseTi simbolo moiZebneba, romelic erTdroulad
miemarTeba rogorc RvTismSobels, aseve macxovars. maTze dakvirvebam gvana-
xa, rom TiToeuli es saxe momdinareobs bibliidan, kerZod, Zveli aRTqmidan,
sadac isini winaswarmetyveluri azriT arian datvirTulni. Zveli aR-
Tqmiseuli saxe gvevlineba axali aRTqmis movlenis hipodigmad; Zveli aRqmis
epizodebi, xatebi simbolurad aRiqmeba da ganimarteba, rogorc macxovrisa
da RvTismSoblis amqveyniuri cxovrebis movlenebis pirvelsaxeebi. amasTan,
RvTismSoblis warmodgena iseTi saxeebiT, romlebic saRvTo saxelebaTac
gvxvdeba, yovlismomcvel universaliebTan ziarebas gulisxmobs.
128
7. RvTismSoblis madidebeli sxva saxe-simboloebi
qarTvel himnografTa ZiriTadi yuradReba da gancda RvTismSoblis qeba-

didebazea gadatanili. isini cdiloben qalwulis madlisa da damsaxurebis
warmoCenas mkiTxvelTaTvis, amitomacaa, sadidebel simboloTa ricxvi ase
mravalferovani maT SemoqmedebaSi, romelTa Zireul Ziebas kvlav wminda
werilTan mivyavarT.
himnografTa SemoqmedebiTi unaris wyalobiT bibliuri saxe-simboloebi
axal azrobriv datvirTvas iZens da mkiTxvelsa Tu msmenels axleburad ga-
nacdevinebs bibliiTa Tu sxva saRvTismetyvelo TxzulebebiT cnobil saxeeb-
sa Tu movlenebs, rac badebs amaRlebulobis gancdas da aseve gvaniWebs es-
Tetikur tkbobas.
zemoT Tematurad ganxilul simboloTa garda, Cvens xelT arsebul
masalaSi kidev uamravi saxea, romelic aseve wminda mariams miemarTeba, mis
sadideblad da saqebadaa moxmobili. iqidan gamomdinare, rom es saxeebi ver
movaTavseT zemoT warmodgenil TavebSi, isini gavaerTianeT zogadi saTauris
qveS ,,RvTismSoblis madidebeli sxva saxe-simboloebi~ (Tumca, yvela saxe-
simbolo, TavisTavad, RvTismSoblis sadidebladaa moxmobili _ T.g.) da
qvemoT dawvrilebiT visaubrebT maT genezissa da wminda mariamTan
mimarTebaze.
`qerubimTa uzeSTaesi~. himnografebi cdiloben gansakuTrebiT STambeWda-
vad warmoaCinon mariam RvTismSoblis saxe, Rirseulad Seamkon maradiuli
arsebis mSobeli. bunebiTi wesiT Sobili qalwuli bunebis wesis winaaRmdeg
xdeba RvTis mucladmRebeli da mSobeli, amitomac miuCneviaT is
himnografebs qveynis kurTxevisa da ganaxlebis mauwyeblad, kacobriobis
gamoxsnis maxareblad da epiTetTa mTeli arsenali mouzidavT mis Sesamko-
bad. maT ricxvs miekuTvneba `qerubimTa uzeSTaesi~, romelsac zogjer `qe-
rubimTa mobaZavi~ an àngelozTa swori~ cvlis. miqael modrekils RvTis-
mSobeli angelozTa uzeSTaesad (umaRlesad) esaxeba: ùzeSTaes xar qer-
obinTasa, Rirso, uSuenieres yovelTa samkaulTa, RmrTismSobelo~ (99, 372);
`qalwuli zis mobaZavi qerobinTaÁ, utÂrTavs wiaRiTa sityuaÁ RmrTisaÁ Ãor-
129
cielad~ (142, 13); `gixaroden, qalwulo uzeSTaeso, serabinTa da qerabinTao,
romelni gicnobT Sen, dedao RmrTisa Cuenisa, dagÂcven qebiT mgalobelni
Senni~... (152, 169); `Tanasworad angelozTa iqmen sisxlTa SenTa nakadulTa
mier netaro, da mkÂdrad zecisa sasZlosa mas didebisasa qristeman ixareb
brwyinvalebisa gÂrgÂniTa brZenTa qalwulTa Tana, amisTÂs morwmuneni
mogÂxsenen winaSe samebisa wmidisa~ (152, 170); Teologiuri swavlebis
Tanaxmad, es is pativia, romliTac `mTel qmnilebaze aRmatebul iqna~ (174,
125) qalwuli mariami, maT Soris, TviT angelozebzec ki: `sulman wmidaman
aRaSena saydari RmrTisa sityÂsaÁ sulieri queyanasa zeda, caTa maRalTa
umaRlesi, qerobinTa saydarTa uzeSTaesi, viTarca mzisa naTeli, maotebeli
bnelisa, mSobeli keTilTa momatyuebelisaÁ~ (73, 340).
àreopagitikis~ mixedviT, RmerTisgan momdinareoben zeciuri da qveyniuri
Zalebi. zeciur ZalebSi Sedian angelozebi. maTi krebuli anu dasi aris
cxra. iyofa sam triadad: serafimni, ufleba, mTavrobani, qerobimni, Zala,
mTavarangelozni, saydari, xelmwifeba, angelozni. angelozi `macnes~,
`moambes~ niSnavs. bibliaSi ase ewodebaT zebunebriv arsebebs, romlebic
gars exvevian RvTis sabrZanebels. maTi daniSnuleba RvTis samsaxuria. caze
isini RmerTs scemen Tayvans, miwaze ki moqmedeben rogorc RvTis macneebi,
romlebic adamianebs mis danabarebs (sityvas) auwyeben da Tanac exmarebian am
sityvis aRsrulebaSi.
ebraelebs swamdaT, rom angelozebSi rTuli ierarqia arsebobda da
yovel maTgans Tavisi sakuTari saxeli erqva. magram bibliaSi amaze
araferia naTqvami.
samoTxe. warmodgena samoTxeze adamianSi Semodis Sesaqmidan, romlis
Tanaxmadac igi pirvel adamianTa sacxovriss warmoadgenda: `da daasxa Rmer-
Tman samoTxe edemisa aRmosavaliT da dadva mun kaci igi, romel Seqmna~
(dab. 2, 8) qristianulma moZRvrebam samoTxe zeciur adgilad moiazra da
adamianTa saboloo samkvidreblad dasaxa. samoTxe sulierebis, maradisobis
simboloa, romelic pirvel adamis codviT daikarga da adamianTaTvis
misawvdomi gaxda macxovris gardamosvlis Semdeg. himnografi `qveynis
samoTxed~ moixseniebs wminda mariams: `samoTxesa queyanisasa, ierusalÀmsa
130
zecisasa, qerobinTa mimsgavsebulsa...~ (73, 235). RvTismSoblis samoTxesTan
Sedareba kidev erTxel emsaxureba misi ukvdavi bunebis warmoCenas.
evas codvis gamomsyidveli/adamis wyevis damxsneli. pirvel adamis Seco-
debiT codva Semovida samyaroSi. àdamianis sxeuli codviT dacemamde da
samarTliani sasjelis miRebamde Tvisebrivad saukeTeso iyo, Secodebis gamo
ki dauZlurda da sikvdils daqvemdebarebuli Seiqna~ (112, 37). TeologiaSi
evas codvis gamomsyidvelad mariam RvTismSobeli iTvleba, vinaidan man Sva
sikvdilis damTrgunveli.
mariam RvTismSoblis saxis srulyofilad aRqmaSi dagvexmareba misi
saxeldeba àdamis wyevis damxsnelad~, radgan deda RvTisas meoxebiT moxda
ufalsa da adamians Soris darRveuli kavSiris aRdgena, man aRxoca evas
mier danergili pirvelcodva: `mowodebaÁ warmarTTaÁ mogueaxla da beTlems
ganeRo CuenTÂs daÃSuli samoTxÀ qalwulman Sva ZeÁ bunebiT swori mamisaÁ,
romelman Secvala wyevaÁ kacTaÁ kurTxevad da moguca ukudavebaÁ. umetes
xar Sen yovladwmidao~ (99, 49); `berwisa annaÁsgan ganmaqarvebeli wyevisaÁ,
romelman Sva dambadebeli, dRes gamobrwyinda~ (47, 133); `damÃsneli patiJTa
maT pirvelisa mamisaTa da ganmaqarvebeli evaÁs danergulisa mis
mwuxarebisa~ (47, 134). RvTismSoblis am saxeliT warmodgena wmida werilidan
momdinareobs. evasagan Semcdar adams RmerTma uTxra: `rameTu ismine ÃmaÁ
colisa SenisaÁ da sWame xisagan, romlisa gamcen Sen misi xolo ara Wama,
misgan sWame, wyeul iyavn queyana saqmeTa Sina SenTa, mwuxarebiT sWamde mas
yovelTa dReTa cxorebisa SenisaTa~ (dab. 3, 17).
yovladsaxierma ufalma isic gaacxada, rom kacobriobas moevlineboda
macxovari, soflis mxsneli, romelic iSveboda qalwulisagan da mospobda
eSmakis uflebas kacze (Ses. 3, 15), rac qalwul mariamisagan macxovris Sobis
Semdeg aRsrulda. amitomac himnografebi wminda mariams àdamis wyevis dam-
xsnelad~, `pirveli dedis wyevis aRmxocelad~ miiCneven: `didebulebaÁ Sobisa
SenisaÁ dRes vin SeuZlos miTxrobad yovlad qebulo. rameTu uTeslod muc-
lad iRe da hSev ZeÁ uxilavisa mamisaÁ, romelman aRÃoca wyevaÁ pirvelisa
dedisaÁ~ (72, 58); `dascxra wyevaÁ pirveli Sen mier Rirso dedao ubiwoo da
kurTxeviTa sulieriTa aRivso dRes queyanaÁ. raJams miviReT saSoÁT SeniT
naTeli da Sobilsa mas meufesa vadidebT~ (99, 63); èvaÁsi ganqarda dRes
131
wyevisa igi daSjilebaÁ Sen mier yovlad wmidao da kurTxeviT gÂrgÂnosan
yvna yovelni naSobni misni meufeman romeli iSva Sengan da dagicva
qalwuladve~ (99, 63); èvas yvedrebis ganmaqarvebel~ da àdamis gamoxsnis
mizez~ RvTismSobels himnografi evedreba sakuTari sulisTvis: `damxsnelo
sikudilisao da momatyuebelo ukudavebisao, gixaroden mizezo adamis
gamoÃsnisao da ganmaqarvebelo evaÁs yuedrebisao, gixaroden... Sengan Sobili
RmerTi saflaviT aRdga... mas evedre cxovrebad sulTa CuenTaTÂs~ (72, 276).
himnografTaTvis wminda mariami kacTa xsnis mizezia, radgan mis mier
Sobilma orbunebovanma macxovarma SeZlo Cveni codvebis gamosyidva:
ìkurTxevian Senda momarT, ubiwoo, yovelni naTesavni adameanni, RmrTisa
dedao, rameTu Sen xar mizezi momwydarTa Ãsnisa da RmrTisa kacTa dagebi-
saÁ da sasovebaÁ saukuneTa keTilTaÁ, romelman gÂSev RmerTi da kaci mxo-
loÁ oriTa bunebiTa~ (72, 310)
Teologiur swavlebaze dafuZnebuli evasa da qalwul mariamis Sedareba,
rogorc binaruli opoziciis gamoxatuleba, pirvelad wmida iustine martvi-
lma mogvca. II saukunis RvTismetyvelis irineos lionelis swavlebiT ki,
radganac mariamisagan iSva axali adami, RvTismSobeli aris axali eva, anu
evas gamomxsneli. wm. irineos lionelis qristologia efuZneba moZRvrebas
`Semokrebis~, anu `rekapitulaciis~ Sesaxeb, romelic pavle mociqulis swav-
lebidan momdinareobs (qriste _ axali adami) da gulisxmobs imas, rom qris-
teSi `Semokrebilia~ yovelive dasabamidan gankacebamde.
arc himnografTaTvisaa ucxo es motivi. isini macxovars meore adams uwo-
deben, romelic pirveli adamis codvaTa gamoxsnis gamo ecva jvars: `tari-
gad ubiwod gicnobT, qristÀ, RmrTisa sityuao, romeli nefsiT daikal da
Seiwire msxuerplad mamisa, ucodvelo, codvaTaTÂs adamisTa, TÂT meoreo
adam dad Res aRmohbrwyindi saflaviT, romelsaca Sina daebeWde da Tana
aRadgine, mÃsnelo, adam dacemuli naSobiTurT~ (72, 277). macxovris mos-
vlamde sikvdili `sufevda pirvel adamis urCebiT da mona viyveniT codvisa
mizidviTa gulis TqumisaÁTa~, xolo macxovarma jvarze xorcieli sikvdi-
liT `SjuliTa sulisa cxovrebisaÁTa ganmaTavisuflen Cuen~ (72, 279); èvaÁs
wyevisa sacTuri ganqarda da adamis urCebisa patiJi moispo, rameTu meoreÁ
adam, qriste movida Ziebad pirvelisa mis TÂT Sewira Tavi TÂsi ucodvelman
132
soflisa codvaTa da erisa umecrebisaTÂs, raÁTa RmrTis mecnier yos eri
warmarTTaÁ, vnebulman juariTa mospna soflisa vnebani~ (72, 309)
RvTismSobelsa da evaze saubrisas wmida irineos lioneli ambobs: èva
iyo urCi. is urC-iqmna jer kidev maSin, rodesac qalwuli iyo. Tuki eva,
romelsac qmrad hyavda adami da romelic jerac qalwuli iyo, rogorc Ta-
vis Tavs, aseve kacobriobis modgmas sikvdilis mizezad gauxda, mariami,
romelsac msgavsadve hyavda dawinduli qmari da romelic Aaseve qalwuli
iyo, morCilebis gziT Tavis Tavsac da kacobriobis mTel modgmasac xsnis
mizezad eqmna. rac Sekra qalwulma evam urwmunoebiT, is qalwulma mariamma
sarwmunoebis mier gaxsna~ (177, 15-16).
Tu evas piridan gamosuli sityva sikvdilis momtani aRmoCnda, sityva
(logosi), romelic iSva qalwul mariamisagan, sikvdilis damTrgunveli gax-
da. amitomac, bunebrivia, qalwul mariamis axal evad saxeldebac. `radganac
mariamisgan iSva axali adami, TviT igi aris axali eva, WeSmariti eva, WeSma-
riti deda cocxalTa da dasabami maTi xsnisa~ (177, 16). rogorc samoTxeSi
Zvelma evam Zveli adami Tavis danaSaulis Tanaziarad aqcia, aseve axalma
adamma axali eva pirvelmSobeli danaSaulis gamosasyidi tanjvis Tana-
monawile gaxada.
aqedan gamomdinare, himnografi qalwul mariams adamis sixaruls da evas
siqaduls uwodebs: `..gixaroden Sen: adamis sixarulo: gixaroden evaÁs siqa-
dulo: Zeman Senman sikudili moakudina: jojoxeTi ZleviT Semusra: da Zleva
Semosili aRdga: saflaviT mesamesa dResa~ (99, 455). e.i. qalwuli mariami evas
codvebis gamomxsnelia, axali dedaa kacobriobisa. wminda mariamia
sikvdilis damxsneli da adamis gamoxsnis mizezi: `damÃsnelo sikudilisao
da momatyuebelo ukudavebisao, gixaroden, mizezo adamis gamoÃsnisao da
ganmaqarvebelo evaÁs yuedrebisao. gixaroden~ (72, 276); iovane mtbevari gana-
didebs wminda qalwuls, romlis Teslidanac aRmocenda kacobriobis
mxsneli, romelmac daglaxakavebuli adami uxrwnelebiT ganamdidra: `Tes-
lisagan Senisa aRmoscenda mÃsneli kacTa naTesavisaÁ: ixilva datevnul
ÃorcTa Sina savsebaÁ RmrTeebisaÁ da dasabamier iqmna dausabamoÁ qalwulisa
saSosa Sina da daglaxakna CuenTÂs mdidari igi. raÁTa daglaxakebuli adam
ganamdidros uxrwnelebiT~ (72, 51);
133
`dRes Zeman Senman adams aRmouwoda,
qalwulo ubiwoo, xrwnilebisaga
da ganaTavisufla SobiTa Sengan
uxrwnelad da kualad ago munve
samoTxed naSobiTurT, viTarca RmerT ars.~ (72, 63)
qalwulis mier macxovris SobiT kvlav dagvibrunda samoTxe: àha, qal-
wulman gÂSva dRes Emanuel yrmaÁ, Cuen Tana RmerTi, beTlems, ganeRo CuenTÂs
edemi, pirvel daÃSuli da adami kualad ego munve samoTxed~ (72, 69);
am Tematikis mxriv metad sainteresoa borena dedoflis sagalobeli,
sadac avtors evas codvebis gamosyidva wminda mariamis mier misTvis valis
zRvevad miuCnevia; amitomac gasdevs mis iambikos codvaTa gamosyidvis
motivi. sagalobelSi saxeTa paralelizmis principiT SesaniSnavad aris
gamoxatuli wminda mariamisa da evas dapirispireba:
`romelman ege evas miuzRe vali,
hrqvi ra gabriels: „var uflisa mჴevali,-
maSin istumre queynad mavali“, _
daemxo Zali. pirvel sisxliTa mTrvali.
qalwulo, miჴsen borena Wirmravali! ~ (153, 593).
evasTan dapirispirebaSi warmoaCens RvTismSobels wmida ioane oqropiri
Tavis sakiTxavSi `gardacvalebisaTÂs RmrTis mSobelisa~: `pirvelad ange-
lozni abralebdes evas, xolo aw mariams adideben, rameTu uZlurebaÁ igi
dedaTaÁ gankurna da dacemuli didebaÁ TÂsi aRadgina da ganZebuli adam sa-
moTxiT warmogzavna gzasa mas zecisasa, romelman daÃSuli samoTxÀ ganaRo
da avazaki daamkÂdra mas Sina. rameTu Sen mier Suva-kedeli igi zRudisaÁ mis
dahÃsna, kualad Sen mier, wmidao qalwulo, mSÂdobaÁ igi zecisaÁ kideTa qu-
eyanisaTa moemadla~ (125, 205).
RvTismSobeli saRvTismetyvelo literaturaSi aseve iwodeba `dasabamad
kurTxevisa da dasasrulad wyevisa~. iovane mtbevari ganadidebs qalwuls,
romlis meSveobiTac `dascxra evas wyeva~ da kurTxeviT aivso qveyana:
`dascxra wyevaÁ pirveli Sen mier Rirso
dedo ubiwoo da kurTxeviTa
sulieriTa aRivso dRes queyanaÁ.
134
raJams moviReT saSoÁT seniT naTeli
da Sobilsa mas meufesa vadidebT:
evaÁsi ganqarda dRes wyevisa igi
daSjilebaÁ Sen mier, yovlad wmidao
da kurTxeviT gÂrgÂnosan yvna yovelni
naSobni misni meufeman, romeli
iSva Sengan da dagicva qalwuladve~ (72, 63)
kacTa cxovrebis mizezi. mariam RvTismSoblis saxis Seqmna himnografebma
originaluri mxatvruli saSualebebis SeqmniTac scades. yoveli aseTi saxe
qristianuli kanonikis mkacrad reglamentirebul CarCoebSia moqceuli.
`gixaroden, mizezo kacTa cxovrebisao, romelman aRÃoce wyevaÁ pirveli da
moguaniWe kurTxevaÁ~ (72, 144). yuradRebas iqcevs Sesityveba _ `kacTaA cxov-
rebis mizezi~. saRvTismetyvelo literaturaSi naTqvamia, rom yovelives
mizezi amqveynad aris RmerTi. ìs aris mizezi da dasabami yvela qmnilebis,
radganac mis mier Seiqmna yovelive~ (171, 270). rogorc RmerTi aris
yovelives mizezi amqveynad, aseve qalwuli mariami aris adamianTa cxovrebis
mizezi, radganac misgan movlenilma RmerTma adamianebi maradiul
sicocxles aziara, anu kacTa modgmas cxovrebis mizezi eqmna. es saxe arc
himnografiisTvisaa ucxo: `rameTu Sen mier moviReT pirveli igi
uxrwnelebaÁ, amisTvisca zecisa ZalTa Tana gadidebT, gixaroden mizezo
kacTa cxovrebisao~. (72, 144) swored amave azriTaa qalwuli àdamis
gamoxsnis mizezic~: `gixaroden, mizezo adamis gamoÃsnisao~ (99, 393).
yovelive amis Semdeg, bunebrivia, qalwuli mariami `Ãsnis sasod~ da `keTil
saukuneTa mizezadac~ iwodebodes: èse ars sasoÁ ÃsnisaÁ da mizezi
saukuneTa keTilTaÁ. dedaÁ caTa meufisaÁ~ (99, 439); `mizezad keTilTa
gicnobT da mÃsnelad sulTa CuenTaTÂs~ (99, 390).
deda/mSobeli. RvTismSoblis saxelTagan yvelaze gavrcelebuli swored
es saxelebia. marTalia, isini simbolod ar warmodgebian, magram am TavSi
maTi gaerTianeba himnografTa mier wminda mariamis sadideblad da
Sesamkobad gamoyenebam ganapiroba. pirvelad deda uflisa mas uwoda
suliwmidiT ganbrZnobilma elisabedma jer kidev maSin, roca deda-qalwuli
135
dausabamo yrmas mucliT atarebda: `da vinaÁ Cemda ese, raÁTa movides deda
uflisa Cemisa Cemda~ (luk, 1, 43).
`WeSmaritad da samarTlad RmrTismSobelad saxel-vsdebT wmidasa mari-
ams~, _ gvixsnis ioane damaskeli, _ `rameTu ese saxeli srul-hyofs yovelTa
saidumlosa gangebelebisaTa, rameTu ukueTu RmrTismSobel ars mSobeli
ueWvelad, RmerT ars misgan Sobili ueWuelad da kacca, rameTu viTarmca
dedakacisagan Sobilsa RmerTsa aqunda pirvel saukuneTa myofobaÁ, ara Tum-
ca kacad gamoCinebul iyo, rameTu Ze kacisaÁ ueWuelad kac ars. xolo ukue-
Tu dedakacisagan Sobili igi RmerT ars, cxad ars, viTarmed erTi ars
RmrTisa da mamisagan Sobili igi saRmrToÁsaebr da dausabamoÁsa arsebisada
ukuanaÁsknelTa Jam Sobili dawyebulebisaebrTasa qalwulisagan Sobili da-
wyebulebisaebr da Jamierisa arsebisa ese igi ars kacobrivisa, rameaTu er-
Tsa guamsa da orTa bunebaTa da orTa SobaTa RmrTis Cuenisa iesu qristes-
ca dahniSnavs ese~ (174, 444-445).
himnografebi ganadideben RvTismSobels, romelmac ìtÂirTa wiaRiTa da
zrdida ubiwod sZiTa, romel mzrdel ars dabadebulTa~ (72, 81); `gixaroden,
dedao uqorwinebelo, romeli Soris dedaTa xar qalwul da qalwulTa
Soris deda~ (174, 102).
yovladwminda RvTismSobeli, romlis saSoSic miiRo dasabami dausabamo
RmerTkacma iwodeba dedad meufisa Cvenisa, romlis meoxebiTac `wylulebani
guelisa mierni ganikurnes~: ùxrwnelo dedao qristes, meufisa Cuenisao~ (73,
224); `gixaroden qalwulo siqadulo; Sen mier, dedao... wylulebani guelisa
mierni ganikurnes~ (99, 2);
`suli wmidaÁ movida Senda, qalwulo
da Zali maRliT gfarvida Sen, usZloo.
saydrad siwmidisad gangmzada da dedad
uxrwnelebisad Cuen yovelTa gÂCina...~ (72, 66);
`RmerTman... saSosa Sina usZloÁsa dedisasa Seimosa dasabami adamis
xatisa TÂsisaÁ...~ (72, 106); `mtvirTvelo Semoqmedisao da dedao angelozTa
meufisao, gixaroden...~ (72, 276); RvTis dedas yvela Senatris, radgan man
itvirTa angelozTa da kacTa dambadebeli: àdamis naTesavTa metyuelebani
da zecisa uxorcoTa mTavrobani erTobiT RirsebiT gnatrian, RmrTisa
136
dedao, viTarca TÂT ityode, wmidao, rameTu daubadebeli sityuaÁ,
dambadebeli angelozTa da kacTaÁ itÂrTe da hSev ori bunebaÁ erT xatad~
(72, 302); àha, esera tomni kacTani gnatrian Sen... da WeSmaritad dedad
RmrTisa aRgiareben..~ (152, 138); `dedao mÃsnelisa Cuenisao... iqmen sasoebaÁ
Ãxnisa Cuenisa...~ (152, 162); wminda mariami, rogorc RvTis deda, yovlisSemZle
da yovelTa Semwea, vinc ki aRiarebs: `Sen xar Semwe yovelTa, romelni Senda
moiltvian... viTarca xar deda RmrTisa...~ (152, 168);
`vnebani sulisani ganhkurnen
da ganminaTle goneba
da guli, dedao RmrTisao,
romelman naTlismcemeli
qriste macxovari uSev kacTa~ (152, 300). aqedan gamomdinare RvTismSobeli
`naTlis dedaa~: `vedrebiT giRaRadebT, dedao naTlisao, mosavni Senni, raTa
gÂÃsne mZlavrTagan...~ (152, 169).
RmrTismSobelia dedaTa Soris kurTxeuli, rac aseve bibliuri
saxeldebaa. axal aRTqmaSi vkiTxulobT: `gixaroden, mimadlebulo! ufali
SenTana. kurTxeul xar Sen dedaTa Soris” (luk, 1, 28). es mimarTva arc
himnografebs darCeniaT yuradRebis miRma da deda qalwuli kidev erTxel
udidebiaT mxatvruli sityvis ZaliTa da madliT: ùmetesad kurTxeul xar
dedaTa Soris...~ (72, 144);
kurTxeuli deda qalwulTa siqaduli da adamianTa samkaulia, rac uflis
rCeulobis niSania: `dedaTa didebao, qalwulTa siqadulo, da adamis
naTesavTa samkaulo, orTa maT bunebaTa ganuyoflad mSobelo~ (73, 237).
`RmrTismSobeli da yovlad patiosani,
deda, qalwuli Suenieri SroSani...~ (135, 278).
`galobani sinanulisani~ sagangebod wamoswevs wminda mariamis RvTismSob-
lobas. ZeglSi gatarebuli TvalsazrisiT, codvaTagan daixsnebian isini,
vinc `RmrTismSobelad qadagon qalwuli dedaÁ!~ (49, 216).
orbunebaTa mSobeli. qalwul mariamisagan RvTis gankacebis gadmocemisas
himnografebi sagangebod mimarTaven kvlav saRvTismetyvelo swavlebas da mis
mizanmimarTul gamoyenebas cdiloben. himnografebi am swavlebas imdenad
iTaviseben da ise awvdian msmenels, rom maT gamijvnas arc aravin fiqrobs.
137
ufro metic, msmeneli amis saWiroebas verc xedavs. sruliad uyoymanod
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sagalobeli RvTis sibrZnis mxatvrul gemovnebasTan
harmoniuli Sezavebis umaRlesi gamoxatulebaa, sulisa da sityvis
umSvenieresi naerTia. `dedaTa didebao, qalwulTa siqadulo da adamis
naTesavTa samkaulo, orTa maT bunebaTa ganuyoflad mSobelo...~ (73, 237).
gankacebuli RvTis ori bunebis Sesaxeb ganmartebas araerTi RvTismetyveli
cdilobs: `vaRiarebT ra erTsa da imave ieso qristes, Cvens ufals, srul
RmerTad da srul kacad, vambobT, rom masve, erTsa da imaves, aqvs yovelive
is, rac mamas, garda uSobelobisa, da aqvs yovelive is, rac pirvel adams,
garda codvisa~ (174, 396). qristeSi ori bunebis Sereva xSirad aris
xazgasmuli sagaloblebSi: `xolo sityuaman uxilavman RvTisa uxilavisaman,
Sezava mowyalebiT RvTaebaÁ kacebasa brZmedsa Sina siwmidisasa, yovlad
ubiwosa, saSosa qalwulebisasa da iSva uqcevelad RmerTi da kaci sruli~
(99, 86). es movlena marTlmadidebel qristians Seagonebs, rom man Tavisi
mzera mxolod miwiers ki ar miajaWvos, aramed uzenaesisaken mimarTos. amas
emsaxureba saRvTo saidumloebaTa gandideba sagalobelSi. Aaqedan
gamomdinare, yoveli epoqisa da drois problema _ problema srulyofili
adamianisa, himnografTaTvisac umTavres sazrunavad rCeba. maTi mizania, rom
sagalobelma adamianis goneba zecad aRamaRlos da umaRles faseulobebs
aziaros.
qristianuli gagebiT, RmerTi aris dausrulebeli, ucvalebeli, miuwvdo-
meli, radgan ar iyo Jami, rodesac ar iyo RvTis sityva, anu RmerTi dausaba-
mo arsebobda mudam, uwinares yovelTa saukuneTa, misi meore, anu xorcieli
Soba ki qalwulisagan moxda. himnografebi am dogmatur swavlebas ase war-
moaCenen sagalobelSi: ìSev meored dedisagan JamTa upirates Sobili RvTe-
ebiT mamisagan da momec Cuen ÃelwifebaÁ, Svilyofad RvTisa maRlisa~ (99,
491); `raÁ ars saidumloÁsa Senisa gangebaÁ qalwulo, viTar pirvel JamTa So-
bili ZeÁ gitÂrTavs, romelman wamisyofiTYdahbada yovelive, viTarca ineba~
(99, 82).
am ZiriTad da mniSvnelovan saxe-xatebTan erTad himnografebs sxva uamra-
vi simbolo Tu saxeli gamouyenebiaT RvTismSoblis madlisa da Zlierebis
warmosaCenad. maT Sorisaa: samoTxis samkauli, mefeTa Zliereba, RvTis niWi,
138
ZRveni, Semwe samebis winaSe, sagalobeli, simtkice, mefeTa gvirgvini, Saravan-
dedi, yovelTa samkaulTa umSvenieresi, sulnelmyofeli yovelTa dabadebul-
Ta, navTsayudeli da sxva, Tumca, mxatvruli sityvis didostati himnografe-
bi am yvelafers sakmarisad ar miiCneven, radgan, SeuZlebelia, mokvdavis enam
srulyofilad aRweros da gadmosces RvTismSoblis madli:
`daRacaTu monebTagan CuenTa
ver SesaZlebel ars jerovnad mogonebad
da RirsebiT qebad Senda, qalwulo, wmidaTa uwmideso,
naTelo sulTa CuenTao, mSobelo Semoqmedisa RmrTisao,
aramed araÁve da vdumneT Cuen qebad Senda~ (73, 294).
naTlis sveti. svetis simbolika adamianis simaRlisadmi swrafvam da sivr-
cis dauflebis dauokebelma survilma warmoSva. mecnierTa azriT, svetSi,
pirvel yovlisa, `msoflio xisa~ da `zeciuri kibis~ analogi unda vigulis-
xmoT. `cotaa sxva iseTi vizualuri simbolo, romelic esoden metyvelad ga-
moxatavdes `cis sayrdens~, bWes, kosmiuri da miwieri energiis kavSirs, zeaR-
svlis, mdgradobis, uryevobis cnebebs~ (5, 48).
svetis saxismetyvelebaSi umTavresi iyo ara marto misi forma, aramed
ricxobriobac. ori sveti xSirad niSnavda `caTa sayrdens~, `caTa bWes~,
romelzec gadioda taZrisken (zesamyarosken) mimavali gza. swored amgvari
ori udidesi sveti idga solomonis taZris karibWis orsav mxares; Semdgom
isini iqcnen samarTlianobisa da kacTmoyvareobis emblemad. Svidi sveti
(`Svidis` bibliuri simbolikidan gamomdinare) ki iqca qarTuli
qristianobis erT-erT umTavres simbolod, radgan swored `RvTaebrivi
xidan~ gamoikveTa Svidi boZi sveticxovlis Sesaqmnelad. adamianebma eqvsi
advilad aRmarTes, xolo meSvide _ uflis angelozis mier naTlis svetad
fericvalebuli, zecidan `Camoesveta~.
`mTeli es saxismetyveleba Rrma bibliuri plastidan aris aRmocenebuli:
svetis forma, SesaZloa, cecxlmac miiRos, kvamlmac da Rrubelmac.
bibliuri saxismetyvelebisaTvis mniSvnelovania svetis sakraluri funqcia,
xolo svetis `cecxlovaneba~ swored RvTis nebis gamovlinebad aris aRqmu-
li. umTavresi aq, isev da isev, svetis universalur simbolur daniSnuleba-
139
Sia: man unda zeaitacos, `zegardmo mzeras~ warudginos sakraluri da pativ-
debuli, xolo profanuli, yofieri, Zirs, miwaze datovos~... (5, 49).
svetze Zalian xSiradaa saubari bibliaSi: `da aRmarTa mose karavi da
dadgina xarisxni misni, da aRmarTna svetni igi misni, da dasdva svetis Tav-
ni, da moqlonni, da aRmarTna suetni, da ganmartna ezoebi igi karvisa mis, da
dahbura safarveli karavsa mas zeda kerZo, viTarca ubrZana ufalman moses~
(gam. 40, 16-17). is gansaxierebaa siZlieris, zeswrafvis... gamosvlaTa wignSi
naxsenebi sveti ulpobelia, iseve, rogorc RvTismSobelia Seuryvneli yvela
ukeTurebisagan.
svetis simbolika arc himnografTaTvisaa ucxo, isini xSirad mimarTaven
wminda mariams, viTarca `naTel, brwyinvale svets~. es gansakuTrebiT dama-
xasiaTebelia nikoloz gulaberisZisaTvis, romelic Tavis `galobani sueti-
sa cxovelisani~ araerTxel ganadidebs dedofals am xat-saxis moxmobiT:
òÁ, dedao da qalwulo, naTelo naTlisa suetsa msaxebelo, xolo suetad
saxeldebulo...~ (135, 284); `suetad naTlisad yovlad brwyinvaled qadagebu-
lo...~ (135, 288); `saxed Senda naTlisa sueti gamoaCina, naTlisa sueto qalwu-
lo, Sengan tÂrTulman RmerTman. amisTÂs Tayuanis-gcemT Sen misTana~ (135,
288); `dedaTa didebao, xolo qalwulTa siqadulo, sueto ganaTlebulo,
romeli miwevnul guyof zecasa Zisa TÂssa, RmrTisa dedao, SegÂwyalen Sems-
xmelni Senni~ (135, 293).
rogorc Cans, naTlis sveti simboloa siZlieris, zeswrafvis. is xSirad
RvTis nebis gamovlinebacaa. himnografTa dauSreteli energiisa da mxatvru-
li sityvis wyalobiT ki wminda mariamis gamomxatvelia, misi xat-saxea, rom-
liTac kidev erTxel warmoaCines RvTismSoblis Zala, madli da macxovris
mier misi gamorCeuloba.
140
* * *
himnografebs uyuradRebod ar rCebaT mariam RvTismSoblis cxovrebis
arc erTi mxare, maT qebas imsaxurebs qalwulis warmomavlobac. winaswarmet-
yvelTa uwyebis mixedviT, qalwuli mariami daviTis tomidan daibada, rome-
lic imJamad damcirebuli iyo. mariam RvTismSoblis mama _ ioakime, warmoSo-
biT iudas toms ekuTvnoda, misi sagvareulos fuZemdeblad mefe daviTi iTv-
leboda, ana ki mRvdel mataTas umcrosi qaliSvilis aaronis Camomavali
iyo. amitomac daviTis modgma, rogorc aRmomacenebeli macxovrisa, bunebri-
via, kurTxeulad iTvleba. RvTismSoblis daviTis Stodan warmomavlobas
luka maxarebelic amowmebs axal aRTqmaSi: àRmovida iosebca galileaÁT, qa-
laqiT nazareTiT, huriastanad, qalaqad daviTisa, romelsa hrqÂan beTlem,
rameTu iyo igi saxlisagan da tomisa daviTisa~ (luk. 2, 4).
bibliuri genealogiis Tanaxmad, daviTis modgma ieses STamomavlad iT-
vleboda, mefe daviTi iyo Ze iesesi, amitomac RvTismSobeli ieses Ziridan
aRmocenebuladac iwodeba: ùbiwoo RmrTismSobelo, ieses Zirisagan gamoS-
Cndi Sen dedad RmrTisa Cuenisa dambadebelisa, meox gueyav daucxromelad
mgalobelTa SenTa~ (109, 477).
qarTuli istoriuli da literaturuli wyaroebis Tanaxmad, qarTveli me-
feebic ieses STamomavalni arian. bagrationTa samefo gvari daviTisa da so-
lomonis memkvidreebad iwodeba. qarTul mwerlobaSi es faqti qarTveli
eris mesianisturi ideis gamoxatulebad aris aRqmuli da igi araerTi qar-
Tveli himnografis SemoqmedebaSia aqcentirebuli (gavixsenoT _ ioane SavTe-
lis `galobani varZiisa RmrTismSoblisani~, Tamar mefis `casa caTasa~,
`qalwulebrivTa~ da sxva).
Cveni dakvirvebidan gamomdinare, vfiqrobT, sagangebodaa gamosayofi saga-
lobelTa is nawili, sadac saubaria sulier xsnaze, mRvimeTagan amosvlaze,
òrbeb ganaxlebaze~. saerTodac, dedoflisagan macxovris Soba himnografi-
aSi aRqmulia sulieri tyveobisagan gaTavisuflebad, rasac ioane SavTeli
gamoxatavs rogorc sagalobelSi, aseve akrostiqSi. igi RvTismSobels eved-
reba sulieri tyveobisgan daxsnas, soflis mRvimeTagan amoyvanas, raTa gana-
141
xldes suli codvilisa. am mxriv sainteresoa Semdegi tropari, romelic
mTlianad simboluradaa gasaazrebeli:
ùCinoTagan mRÂmeTa soflisaTa
eqsoriobaÁ Cemi aRmoiyvane,
orbeb ganaxldi siWabuke sulisaÁ,
bralTagan miÃsen ZlierTa, didebulo,
inebe yofad Cem Soris, ubiwoo~ (135, 305).
himnografi qalwuls wuTisoflis uCinar mRvimeTa Soris yofisagan gaTa-
visuflebas SesTxovs. es motivi fsalmunebidan momdinareobs: `miÃsen me Ti-
Ãisagan, raÁTa ara davinTqa, ganveri me moZuleTa CemTagan da siRrmeTagan
wyalTaÁsa. nu damTqaven me morevi wyalTaÁ, nuca STamTqamn me ufskruli,
nuca Seiyofn Cemzeda jurRmuli pirsa missa” (fs. 68, 15-16).
`samecniero literaturaSi miuTiTeben, rom mRvime, gamoqvabuli amobrune-
buli mTaa, mRvime adamianis sulieri gamocdis adgilia, msgavsad udabnosi.
mTa is adgilia, sadac RmerTma mcnebebi misca mose winaswarmetyvels, e.i. mTa
RmerTTan ziarebis adgilia. mRvime misi sapirispiroa, mTa da mRvime opozi-
ciuri wyvilia, mRvime codvaTagan gansawmendeli adgilia...~ (135, 139). wored
amitom SesTxovs himnografi ionas veSapis muclidan amomyvan ufals mRvimi-
sagan amosvlas da codvaTa mitevebas:
ìÃsen sikudilisagan
suli Cemi, saxier,
viTarca iona
muclisagan veSapisa,
aRmomiyvane mRÂmisagan
codvaTa CemTaÁsa
ganuxrwnelad
viTarca igi~ (72, 329).
swored amitom adamianis upirvelesi mizani mRvimidan Tavis daRwevisa da
iqidan sulis aRmoyvanisaTvis zrunvaa. aseTi ram ki mxolod znesrul adami-
ans xelewifeba.
ioane SavTelis sagalobelSi sxvaganac aris sulis xsnaze yuradReba ga-
maxvilebuli:
142
`ZnelovanTagan ubadrukebisaTa
iÃsen cxorebaÁ Cemi, RmrTisa dedao~ (135, 303).
wuTisoflis mRvimeTagan gaTavisufleba sulieri ganaxlebis mauwyebelia,
rac fsalmunuri motivis mixedviT, òrbeb ganaxlebiTaa~ gamosaxuli ioane
SavTelTan. orbi ganaxlebis, gaaxalgazrdavebis simboloa qristianul
mwerlobaSi.
demetre mefis Sio mRvimelisadmi miZRvnil iambikoSi Sios mRvimeSi yofna
suliT gaaxalgazrdavebad aRiqmeba, rac am iambikoSi fsalmunuri motiviT
gamoixata: òrbobs moxuci~. xolo misi arqetipi kvlav fsalmunis sityvebia:
`romelman aRavso keTilTa mier gulis-TqumaÁ Seni; ganaxldes, viTarca or-
bisa, siWabuke Seni~ (fs. 102, 5). i. lolaSvilma mis wyarod miiCnia basili ke-
sarielis `mÃecTaTÂs saxis sityua~ da basili qarTlis kaTalikosis `Txro-
ba saswaulTaTÂs wmidisa da RmerTSemosilisa mamisa SioÁsTa~: `pirvel
nawarmoebSi naTqvamia: rodesac orbi daberdeba frTebi daumZimdeba da Tva-
lebi daevseba, moZebnis wyaros wyals, mis Tavze mZafri qaris mimarTulebiT
caSi afrindeba, frTebsa da dawirplianebul Tvalebs mzeze gaaxurebs da
`STaÃdis wyarosa, daibanis samjer da ganWabukdebis~. demetre mefe dabere-
buli orbis ganWabukebas gulisxmobs, rodesac Sioze ambobs: òrbobs moxu-
ci~. am SedarebiT miniSnebulia Sios uberebloba da ukvdaveba, rac didma me-
udabnoem Tavisi samonastro moRvaweobiT moipova (89, 194).
basili kesarielis xsenebul TxzulebaSi ganmartebulia adamianis suliT
ganaxlebis motivi, rac Zveli kacis samoslisagan ganZarcviTaa gamoxatuli:
`da ganiZarco Zueli igi kaci saqmiTurT misiT da SeimosoT axali, romel
RmerTi damyarebul ars, vinaica daviTman Tqua: `ganaxldin, viTarca orbisa
siWabuke Seni!~ ukue keTilad rame sTqua saxismetyuelman orbisaTÂs” (160,
179). Zveli samoslisagan ganZarcva, bibliis mixedviT, codvis samoslisagan
ganZarcvas niSnavs, rac himnografiaSi sakmaod vrcel adgils iWers. òrbobs
moxuci~ adamianis sulieri ganaxlebis fsalmunur motivs asaxavs, rac kidev
mravalgzis gaixmianebs sasuliero poeziaSi.
qalwulis mier qristes SobiT kacobriobisTvis axali gza daisaxa, es
aris gza dakarguli cxovrebisaken, cxovrebis xisken, RvTaebrivi realobisa-
ken, rac iniciacias gulisxmobs, anu sxeulis, sulisa da samSvinelis kvlav
143
Serwymas, ris Sedegadac maT ubrundebaT pirvelsaxe _ codviT dacemis Sede-
gad dakarguli. axali gza qristes simboloa, romelic zesTasoflis dab-
runebis saSualebas aZlevs kacTa modgmas.
SuasaukuneTa xelovnebaSi yoveli gza simboluria. nebismieri gzis fizi-
kurad gavla aucileblad raRac sulier plansac gulisxmobs. (sanimuSod
miuTiTeben xolme, rom dantes `RvTaebriv komediaSi” cebze svla sinamdvile-
Si sulieri gancdaa, fiqria da ocneba sakuTari sulis safexurebze).
cnobilia, rom SuasaukuneebSi gzas, mogzaurobas Rrma simboluri dat-
virTva hqonda. gzis gavla, gansacdelTa daZleva idealTan miaxlebad moiaz-
reboda. codviT dacemis Semdeg adamianma dakarguli RvTaebrivi `me~-s dab-
runebaze unda izrunos. faTerakebiT aRsavse gzis gavliT, Sinagan winaaR-
mdegobaTa daZleviT pirovneba sulier simaRles swvdeba.
cxadia, himnografiaSic gza amave simboluri datvirTviT gvxvdeba. gansaz-
Rvrebad àxalis~ gamoyeneba ki qristes mcnebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT svlis mo-
tivze miuTiTebs, saRmrTo gzas mieltvis yoveli wmindani.
edemis ùkumoRebis~, anu dabrunebis motivi asaxulia Zlispirebsa da
RmrTismSoblisanebSi: `Senda momarT ixareben, RvTismSobelo, mama-dedani
kacTani, rameTu uku-moiRes edemi Sen mier, romeli warewymida urCebiTa~ (109,
175). adamisa da evas mier dakarguli edemis dabrunebis saSualeba kacobrio-
bas RvTismSoblis mier qristes SobiT mieca.
vfiqrobT, unda gamovyoT sagalobelTa is nawili, sadac dedoflis sasu-
fevelSi wabrZanebaa aRwerili. mxatvruli sityvis meSveobiT metad xatovnad
dagvixates himnografebma RvTismSoblis miZineba, roca ca gadaixsna, raTa
TvaliT uxilav naTelSi damkvidrebuliyo deda qalwuli:
`dRes SeiZrnes zecisa Zalni
da ganexunes samyaroni caTa maRalTani,
queynad garadamoiwodnes
zecaTani geTsamaniad, taZrad deduflisa~ (73, 327).
saflavi SiSiT Sescqeris RvTismSoblis cxedars:
`miiZRuanes saflavsa
Ãorcni igi ubiwoÁsani,
xolo SiSiT saflavman
144
miuZRuanna sasufevelsa~ (73, 329).
Cven ki, `monani Senni mglovarÀ varT micvalebasa Sensa, rameTu dRes
gangueSorebi Sen Cuen~ (73, 329).
rogorc vnaxeT, aq warmodgenili RvTismSoblis madidebeli simboloebi
Rrma Teologiuri datvirTvis matarebelia, gamoirCevian mxatvrul-esTetiku-
ri daxvewilobiT, originalurobiTa da sidiadiT. marTalia, TiToeuli sa-
xis geneziss wminda werilamde mivyavarT, magram sagaloblebSi win aris wa-
moweuli pirovnuli emocia, ris gamoc erTi da igive bibliuri saxe Tu mov-
lena, sxvadasxva himnografis mier, sxvadasxvanairi paTosiT aris
gadmocemuli. amitomac aris TiToeuli simbolo saintereso da esTetikuri
tkbobis momniWebeli.
145
nawili III
jvarcmis RvTismSobliseuli aRqma (glova da sixaruli)

`...da TviT Sensaca sulsa ganvides maxvili.~
(luka 2,35)
mariam RvTismSoblis saxis srulad aRqma SeuZlebeli iqneboda jvarcmis

misteriis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe. `jvarcmis misterias Tan axlavs elegiu-
ri motivi, rac himnografiaSi mTeli samyaros mier ganicdeba. Tvalwin gada-
gveSleba sayovelTao glovis suraTi. naTlisRebis misteriis gadmocemisas,
bunebis gasulierebiT, himnografebi garda imisa, rom mxatvrulad gadmog-
vcemen saTqmels, xazs usvamen qristes RvTaebriobas, romelsac cnobs, Tay-
vans scems ara mxolod mis mier Seqmnili `RvTis xati~, aramed yoveli da
yvelaferi, rac samebis mier Seqmnila~ (67, 177).
jvarcmis misterias sasuliero poeziaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili uWi-
ravs, rac macxovris jvarze sikvdiliT aRsrulda. gankacebulma RmerTma
jvarcmamde adamianuri yofis mTeli wre gaiara. macxovris mowameobrivi
sikvdili, _ es aris procesi kacobriobis sruli ganwmendisa amqveyniuri
codvebisagan.
amqveyniur cxovrebaSi adamis wyalobiT Semosuli udidesi boroteba ada-
mis xatiTve damarcxda, rasac himnografebi araerTxel aRniSnaven: `rameTu
kacisa mier sufevda sikudili, amisTÂsca kac iqmna mxolod Sobili ZeÁ
RmrTisaÁ da movida soflad, uvnebelman ivno ÃorciTa, raÁTa iÃsnas msgav-
si msgavsebiTa da axaros mokudavTa maT ukudavebaÁ sikudiliT da queskne-
liT aRmowodebiT mkudarTa aRdgomiTa, viTarca RmerT ars~ (73, 146).
axali aRTqmis mixedviT macxovarma Tavisi jvarcma ramdenadme igavurad
iwinaswarmetyvela, misi vneba Zvel aRTqmaSicaa miniSnebuli. am paralelebs
arc himnografebi uvlian gverds da sagaloblebSi iyeneben, riTac miznad
isaxaven `dafarulis gancxadebas, RvTaebrivi saidumlos warmoCenas~ (135,
183):
`winaÁTve auwya ufalman
146
vnebaÁ TÂsi mowafeTa da hrqua
aw esera Tquen Tana
aRval ierusalimad
da moiwios Jami,
odes mivece
moZRuari Tqueni huriaTa Ãelsa,
romelTa damsajon
da sikudid mimcen,
xolo aRvdge mkudreTiT,
igini ganvabnie
da warmarTni Sevkribne~ (73, 269).
himnografis am sityvebs safuZvlad saxareba udevs: `da viTarca
aRvidoda ieso ierusalÀmad, da Ze kacisa mieces mRvdelTmoZRuarTa da
mwignobarTa, da dasajon igi sikudilad da miscen igi warmarTTa kicxevad
da tanjvad da juarcumad, da mesamesa dResa aRdges~ (maT. 20, 17-19).
j. miltoni, romelsac himnografTagan gansxvavebiT, saSualeba hqonda
Tavisi fantazia, sityvis Zala da ostatoba bibliuri teqstebisTvis
Seejerebina da mravlismetyveli scenebi gadmoeca, qristes vnebiT sikvdils
Semdegnairad gvixatavs: `RmerTi zeciur dass kiTxviT mimarTavs, Tu vis
Seswevs Zala itvirTos kacTa modgmis udidesi tvirTi da adamis danaSauls
Tavi Seswiros. uxorcoTa dasi mdumarebam moicva, riTac kacobrioba
samudamod jojoxeTisaTvis gaimeta, magram RvTaebrivi ZaliT mosilma da
RvTaebrivi siyvarulis gamomxatvelma, RvTis xatis gadarCenas sakuTari
mxrebi SeaSvela~ (97, 92).
macxovris jvarze sikvdili ar iyo umtkivneulo. qristem golgoTis
mZime gza gaiara ara rogorc RmerTma, aramed kacma, romelsac kacisave
codvebi mZime jvrad daawva mxrebze, Tumca `sxeulisa da sulis
dapirispirebis tkivilze, e.i. Sinagan winaaRmdegobaze gamarjvebis gziT
maRldeba igi RvTaebriobamde~ (147, 15).
rogorc Soba Seexo Ze RvTisas adamianur mxares, aseve sikvdilic mis am
naxevars exeba. radgan macxovris RvTaebrivma bunebam dasabami miiRo, adamis
modgmis msgavsad, mas dasasrulic unda hqonoda, oRond im gansxvavebiT,
147
rom macxovris mokvdavi bunebis dasasruli es aris maradiulobis dasawyi-
si. àdamis sxeuli jojoxeTisTvis satyuarad iqca, romelmac umecrebiT mi-
iRo masSi dafaruli RmerTi~ (67, 93)
mas Semdeg rac adam da evam sulieri samoseli dakarges, sxeuli da sa-
erTod, yofa wuTisoflis warmavlobis kanonzomierebas daemorCila da
xrwnadi samosliT Seimosa, riTac kacobriobas sikvdili moutanes da rome-
lsac macxovari swored am warmavali sxeuliT amarcxebs: `ganaqarva xrwni-
lebaÁ~ (72, 146); iqve: `samaresa raÁ nefsiT daidva ÃorciTa RmerTi Seuwere-
li, daiÃsna sikudili, da daeyena xrwnilebaÁ~ (72, 148)
sasuliero poeziaSi jvarcmis Semyure mTeli samyaro glovasa da
mwuxarebas moucavs, zeciuri Zalebi zardacemulni Sescqerian ugunur
kacTa mier jvarze gakrul maTsave macxovnebels, rac mxatvruli sityvis
daxmarebiT zedmiwevniT gadmosces himnografebmac:
`mzeman brwyinvalebaÁ TÂsi daifara,
cani da qveyanaÁ
safuZveliTurT Zrwodes,
zarganÃdil iqmnnes quesknelni,
haerni iglovdes,
SeZrwundes mTavrobani,
zecisa krebulni, usxeuloTa erni,
rameTu ixiles maT
xilvaÁ zeSTa bunebisaÁ sakÂrveli~ (73, 279)
himnografebi gvixataven ra atirebul mnaTobebs, cas, sayovelTao glovis
SemaZrwunebel suraTs qmnian da es yvelaferi metad originaluri gziT
miaqvT mkiTxvelamde. maT SemoqmedebaSi glovobs zeciuri Zalebi, radgan
mokvdavTa mier Seuracxyofili da sasikvdilod ganwiruli ixiles is,
visac morCilebdnen: ùbiwoni Zalni ZlierTa angelozTani gankÂrdes~ (73,
196), `xolo angelozni wmidani warganÃdil iqmnes~ (73, 200); canic
uerTdebian samyaros zarsa da godebas: `Zrwian ZaliTurT cani caTani,
igloven haernica~ (73, 79), `cani mgloviareni iqmnes~ (73, 232); caTa glovas
qveyanac bans aZlevs: `SeZrwunda yoveli queyanaÁ~ (73, 232); zecis mnaTobebma
ver gauZles am sanaxaobas da brwyinvaleba daifares: `samyaroÁsa mnaTobTa
148
gicnes Sen... da daifares brwyinvalebaÁ naTlisaÁ~ (99, 174) da TiTqos
ZaZebiT Seimosen: `mnaTobTa Seimoses bneli~ (72, 149). sainteresod aris
daxatuli samyaros fizikuri mnaTobis, mzis urva, romelic daifara da
dabnelda: `brwyinvalebaman mzisaman daifara naTeli~ (73, 285), `juarcumasa
mze iglovda~ (73, 200).
glovis misteriaSi da saswaulebrivi bneliT mosil samyaroSi yvelaze
gvian adamiani moego gons da Tvali aexila:
èqus Jamidan vidre mecxre Jamamde
bneli iqmna yovelsa queyanasa
da daecnes pirsa zeda
uRmrToni igi juars mcumelni,
mas Jamsa SeZrwunda asisTavi da Tqua:
`WeSmaritad ese,
Ze RmrTisa iyo~ (73, 278).
macxovris jvarcmis epizodis gadmocemisas himnografebi, saxarebis avto-
rTagan gansxvavebiT, mxolod faqtis aRweriT rodi Semoifarglebian, aram-
ed himnebSi liriuli ganwyobileba SeaqvT da TiTqos TviTonac xdebian am
saukuneebiT daSorebuli aqtis mxilvelni da ganmcdelni. `Semoqmedi yovel
religiur faqtTan amyarebs damoukidebel mimarTebas. esa Tu is Tema, esa
Tu is motivi, xdeba misi piradi refleqsiisa da gancdis sagani. iseTi STa-
beWdileba iqmneba, TiTqos igi pirveli aRmoaCens da aRwers am faqts (51, 93):
èse aw
daefla queyanasa gulsa
CemTÂs, romeli momkla
samoTxes Sina macTurma da
damfla
jojoxeTisa gulsa~ (73, 292)
sruliad bunebrivia, rom macxovris jvarze vnebam axali Strixi Seitana
qalwulis sulieri portretis CamoyalibebaSi, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sabo-
lood srulyo igi, radganac mraval sxva aspeqtTan erTad, yvelaze naTlad
swored jvarcmis Jams gamovlinda RvTismSoblis manamde TiTqos uCinari
dedobrivi buneba. RvTismSoblis godebis Tema, `Svilze mogonebiT gamowve-
149
uli, dedis mwuxarebiT gamoxatuli lirikuli motivebis ganviTarebis saSu-
alebas iZleoda~ (7, 159).
jvarcmis epizodi sasuliero poeziaSi araerTgzis aris asaxuli.
qarTvel himnografebs kargad esmiT misi Teologiuri aspeqtebi: jvarze
gakvriT macxovari sabolood amarcxebs borotebas, Trgunavs xrwnadobas
da samudamod imarjvebs sikvdilze.
korneli kekeliZe godebis Janrze saubrisas asaxelebs im wyaroebs,
romelmac xeli Seuwyo am Janris ganviTarebas qarTul mwerlobaSi.
Tavdapirvelad mas mohyavs biblia, daviT winaswarmetyvelis 136-e fsalmuni,
romelic babilonis godebas eZRvneba. winaswarmetyvelTa wignebidan ki
asaxelebs ieremia winaswarmetyvelis godebas. misi azriT, ufro met da
Sinaarsian nimuSebs godebis JanrSi iZleva bizantiuri literatura, kerZod,
ioane damaskelis `dasdebeli micvalebulsa zeda~ (76, 200-201).
jvarcmasTan mdgomi RvTismSoblis grZnobebis gadmocema svimeon loRo-
Tetsac (Xs.) ucdia Tavis `RvTismSoblis glovaSi~, romelic vnebis kviria-
kis paraskevsa da SabaTs aris dadebuli (76, 204).
glovis pirvel nimuSad qarTul literaturaSi k. kekeliZe asaxelebs
leonti mrovelis `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ aRwerili farsman mefis muxanaTu-
ri sikvdiliT gamowveul gancdas. pirveli Cawerili nimuSi godebisa ki Se-
mounaxavs X saukunis hagiografiul Zegl `grigol xanZTelis cxovrebas~,
sadac wmida grigol xanZTeli moTqvams aSot kurapalatis sikvdilis gamo.
momdevno saukuneSi iqmneba erT-erTi saukeTeso nimuSi godebisa, romelic
ekuTvnis giorgi mTawmidelis biografs, giorgi xucesmonazons da
Setanilia ,,giorgi mTawmidelis cxovrebaSi~.
mecnieris SexedulebiT, glovis Janris warmoSobas win uZRoda uZvelesi
qarTuli tradiciebic, romelzedac vrclad saubrobs is.
am Janris sxvadasxva epoqaSi warmoCeniT, SevecadeT gveCvenebina gza,
romelic gaiara glovis Janrma sasuliero mwerlobaSi gamoxatvamde.
bibliisTvis sazogadod godebis Tema ucxo ar aris (`godeba eremia
winaswarmetyvelisa~, `godeba babilonisa~), magram saxarebaSi, SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom araferia naTqvami Svilmkvdari dedis gancdebis Sesaxeb.
maxarebelTagan mxolod ioanesTan vkiTxulobT, rom macxovris jvarTan
150
idga mariami, misi da, mariam kleopasi da mariam magdalineli: `xolo dges
juarsa mas Tana iesuჲssa dedaჲ misi daჲ dedisa misisaჲ, mariam kleopaჲsi,
da mariam magdaleneli~ (ioan. 19, 25).
aqedan gamomdinare, logikurad Cndeba kiTxva, himnografebma romel
wyaros mimarTes dedaRvTisas mwuxarebis gadmosacemad?
lukas saxarebaSi aRwerilia svimeon winaswarmetyvelis, anu RvTis
mimrqmelis Sexvedra qalwulTan maSin, roca man Cvili ieso taZarSi
miiyvana uflis winaSe warsadgomad.
ierusalimSi mcxovreb marTal svimeons suliwmidisgan euwya, rom ar
eweoda sikvdili, sanam macxovars ar ixilavda. da, ai, suliwmidis karnaxiT,
svimeoni mivida taZrad uflis winadacveTis dRes, da ixila ra Cvili ieso,
`miiqua igi mklavTa TÂsTa zeda da akurTxevda RmerTsa da Tqua: àw
ganuteve mona Seni, meufeo, sityÂsaebr Senisa mSvidobiT, rameTu ixiles
TualTa CemTa macxovareba Seni~ (luk. 2, 28-29). marTalma svimeonma
uwinaswarmetyvela qalwul mariams: àha, esera ese dgas dacemad da
aRdginebad mravalTa israÀlsa Soris da saswaulad sityÂs sageblad. da
TviT Sensaca sulsa ganvides maxvili, raÁTa gancxadnen mravalTagan gulTa
zraxvani~ (luk. 2, 34-35).
rogorc RvTismetyvelebaSia ganmartebuli, marTali svimeoni qalwul
mariams Tavisi momavali Zis didebaze elaparakeba, romliTac `daecemian
urwmunoni da aRdgebian morwmuneni, daecema krebuli huriaTa da aRdgeba
eklesia~. wmida mamebi dacemasa da aRdgomaSi marcxeniTi avazakis dacemasa
da marjveniTis aRdgomasac moiazreben, vinaidan pirvelma rwmena da
samoTxe moipova, xolo meore urwmunoebiT daeca da warwymda~ (125, 97).
`...da TviT Sensaca sulsa ganvides maxvili~ _ am qveTavs epigrafad mar-
Tali svimeonis es sityvebi Cven sagangebod davurTeT. is RvTismSobels im
tkivilze auwyebs, rac mas unda ganecada qristes vnebis Jams: `xolo TviT
netarma da zebunebriv saboZvarTa Rirsqmnilma qalwulma is tkivilebi, ra-
sac Sobisas ganerida, vnebulobis Jams ganicada, raJams dedobrivi Tanal-
mobiT daiTmenda Sinagan Wrilobas, radgan xedavda, rom vinc man Sobis
gziT RmerTad icno, borotmoqmediviT klavdnen. amis gamo maxvilisebr sera-
151
vda mas fiqrebi. swored amas niSnavs: `da TviT Sens suls gaivlis maxvili~
(luk. 2, 35) (174, 440).
jvarcmis Temam cxoveli interesi gamoiwvia mTel qristianul
samyaroSi. daiwera misi amsaxveli sxvadasxva Janris uamravi literaturuli
nawarmoebi, Seiqmna xelovnebis ganumeorebeli nimuSebi.
jvarcmis scena da RvTismSoblis gancdebi erT-erTi popularuli Temaa
ara mxolod adreuli, aramed aRorZinebis xanis qarTul mwerlobaSic.
mecnierTa mier araerTgzis aris aRniSnuli bizantiuri mwerlobis gavlena
qarTulze. rogorc lela xaCiZe aRniSnavs, msgavsi gavlena sagrZnobia
RvTismSoblis glovis amsaxvel qarTul originalur nawarmoebebzec. mec-
niers nimuSad mohyavs IX saukunis bizantieli moRvawis _ Teofane grapto-
sis sagalobeli `godeba RmrTismSoblisa~, romlis efrem mciriseuli Tar-
gmani man parizis biblioTekaSi aRmoaCina.
sanam uSualod gadavidodeT bizantiur da qarTul himnebSi warmodgeni-
li jvarcmis RvTismSobliseul aRqmaze, mokled mogaxsenebT Tavad Teofane
graptosis Sesaxeb.
Teofane graptosi, anu saxewarwerili, bizantiuri himnografiis Tvalsa-
Cino warmomadgenelia, romelic IX saukuneSi ierusalimSi moRvaweobda. ro-
gorc cnobilia, VIII-IX saukuneebSi bizantiaSi xatTayvanismcemelTa da xat-
mbrZolTa Soris mimdinare xangrZliv brZolaSi mTeli bizantia da, maTTan
erTad, saero xelisuflebac monawileobda. Teofane graptosi xatTayvanism-
cemelTa Soris erT-erTi TvalsaCino figuraa. is Tavis ufros ZmasTan _
TeodoresTan erTad mTeli cxovrebis manZilze daucxromlad ibrZoda
xatmbrZolTa winaaRmdeg, ris gamoc imperator Teofiles brZanebiT, saxeze
amoudaRes warwera, romelic mis xatTayvanismcemlobas mowmobda. xatTayva-
nismcemlobis gamarjvebis Semdeg devnili da daRdasmuli Teofane nikiis
episkoposad akurTxes. sikvdilis Semdeg bizantiurma eklesiam Teofane
graptosi wmindanad Seracxa.
is metad nayofieri avtoria. berZnul xelnawerebSi misi saxeliT
warwerilia 162 kanoni da 19 `TÂT Zlispirni~ stiqaroni. `Teofanes himnebis
kiTxvisas iseTi STabeWdileba rCeba, rom poetis mTeli sulieri cxovreba,
misi fiqri da gancda dakavSirebulia mxolod `wminda istoriasTan~. albaT
152
amitomac uwodes mas `tkbilxmovani salamuri~ (kaliste), e.i. iaraRi
RvTaebrivis gamoTqmisa~ (183, 142)
misi `galobani godebisaTÂs RmrTismSobelisa~ warmoadgens dedaRvTisas
mier macxovris cxedris datirebas.
sagalobeli iwyeba ioseb arimaTielTan RvTismSoblis misvlis sceniT,
amas mosdevs pilatesgan gvamis gamoTxova da RvTismSoblis godeba, romlis
gulgrilad wakiTxvac SeuZlebelia.
`sagalobeli qmnis RvTismSoblis sakmaod iSviaT saxes _ esaa mwuxarebi-
sagan gaognebuli deda, romelic `mokvdavTaebr~ sasowarkveTiTaa moculi.
emociurobas kidev ufro aZlierebs araerTgzis gameorebuli `Sen Tana
movkudebi~, `Tana STamogyve jojoxeTsaca Sina~, `viTar vitÂrTo tkivili
nawlevTaÁ, romlebic refreniviT gasdevs sagalobels. udidesi fsiqologi-
uri simarTle TiTqos xelaxla gangvacdevinebs axali aRTqmis am erT-erT
yvelaze ufro tragikul epizods~ (183, 152).
lela xaCiZe saintereso paralelebs poulobs graptosis sagalobelsa
da guramiSvilis `tirili RvTismSoblisas~ Soris da askvnis, rom daviT
guramiSvili, rogorc Cinebuli mcodne qarTuli himnografiisa `kargad
icnobda `RvTismSoblis godebis~ efremiseul Targmans, romelic saukunee-
bis manZilze sruldeboda qarTul eklesiaSi vnebis paraskevs – umniSvne-
lovanes dResaswaulze. sainteresoa is faqtic, rom guramiSvilis `tiril-
Si~ aqcentirebulia `godebanis~ mxatvrulad da emociurad yvelaze Zlieri
adgilebi~ (183, 156). aqve aRsaniSnavia is faqtic, rom godebis Janris
nawarmoebebisadmi sagangebod miZRvnil werilSi k. kekeliZe asaxelebs gura-
miSvilis leqss `tirili RvTismSoblisa~ (80, 198-230), romelsac is am Janris
erT-erT Sedevrad miiCnevs. es leqsi `daviTianSi~ `jvarcmis ambis~ Semdegaa
CarTuli (56, 18).
es paralelebi exeba rogorc saTaurs, Tematikasa da saerTo ganwyobi-
lebas, ise mxatvruli saxeebisa da frazebis umetesobasac. graptosis saga-
lobelSi RvTismSoblis mZime sulieri gancdebi araerTxel gadadis fizi-
kur tkivilSi. yvelaze metad STambeWdavi ki jvarcmasTan mdgomi dedis
`nawlevTa~ tkivilia, romelmac macxovari itvirTa:
`viTar vitÂrTo
153
tkivili nawlevTaÁ,
Svilo...~ (183, 154)
guramiSvilis `tirilSic~ dasawyisSive naTqvamia RvTismSoblis Sesaxeb:
`moedva mwared saÃmili, Seiqna dadagulobiT,
daewo guli da RviZli, nawlevni gaTangulobiT~...
aseve: `Cemni iwvian nawlevni, vxedav Sens jvarzed vnebasa~.
mecnieri aseve paralels avlebs am ori avtoris mier warmoCenil
RvTismSoblis macxovrisadmi vedrebaSi da meti WeSmaritebisTvis mohyavs am
motivis ori strofi efremis Targmanidan da daviT guramiSvilis leqsidan:
`ver Tavs videb me
uÃmobasa Sensa,
romelsa gawoebd
CCÂlebr wiaRTa tÂrTulsa,
ukueTu Sexual jojoxeTs
adamis mimarT,
STamogyve meca da evas
miuTxrne saidumloni~ (183, 155);
`Zeo Sens ukan genukvi

Cems sulis amorTmevasa,
gemudarebi, nu mizam Sen me
amazed Tnevasa;
momkal, winawin wavide,
seni vaxaro evasa:
ieso mova, dagiÃsnis, morcebi
pirvels wyevasa!~
sityvebi: `viTar ese ganvlo maxÂlman Senman mgzebare guli Cemi~, _ rac
Teofanes sagalobelSi saxarebidan unda modiodes, guramiSvilTan Semdeg
saxes iRebs: `miT misman kerZman laxvarman Wra ufro mihkerZisao~. àq es
sityvebi RvTismSoblis mimarTaa naTqvami da maTSi igulisxmeba am saxis
mTeli istoria. tradiciuli `maxvili~ guramiSvilTan `laxvriTaa~
154
Secvlili, xolo `Wra ufro mihkerZisao~ saocari ZaliT warmogvadgeninebs
RvTismSoblis sulieri tkivilis zrdas~ (183, 155).
samecniero literaturaSi naCvenebia, Tu saidan SeiZleboda arsebuliyo
aseTi mWidro kavSiri am or avtors Soris. r. siraZis dakvirvebiT: `Zvel
qarTul mwerlobaSi lirikos poetebs warmodgenili hyavdaT xolme maTTvis
idealuri avtori, romlis TvalTaxedviTac surT maT mogvawodon sakuTari
saTqmeli~ (126, 119).
l. xaCiZe efremiseul TargmanTan analogs sulxan-sabas `RvTismSoblis
tirilSic~ poulobs. misi dakvirvebiT, saba iyenebs efremis Targmanidan
momdinare mxatvrul saxeebs. mag., jvarcmisken mimavali RvTismSoblis
glovis aRwerisas saba wers: `mtkivneul iyo guli misi, Seiwvebodes
nawlevni misni, kvnesodes ZuZuni misni, elmoda muceli mwared~ (117, 133).
efrem mciris TargmanSi saxarebidan momdinare saxe `viTar ese ganvlo
maxvilman Senman mgzebare guli Cemi~, sabasTan Semdegnairad gvxvdeba:
`romelsa ganmipobs gulsa laxvarni gverdisa Senisani~, sadac maxvils
laxvari cvlis, romelic lela xaCiZis dakvirvebiT, sabaseuli simbolikaa.
samecniero literaturaSi ki araerTxelaa naCvenebia d. guramiSvilis
`tirili RvTismSoblisas~ da sulxan-saba orbelianis `RvTismSoblis tiri-
lis~ kavSiri.
amrigad, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom Teofane graftosis `godebani RvTismSob-
lisa~ qarTul mwerlobaSi efrem mciriseuli TargmaniT Semovida da airek-
la rogorc daviT guramiSvilis, aseve sulxan-sabas SemoqmedebaSic.
axla ki sainteresoa rogor mimarTebas amyarebs qarTvel himnografTa
Semoqmedeba graptosiseuli mgloviare RvTismSoblis mxatvrul saxeebTan?
ra saerTo paralelebis Zieba SeiZleba da raa siaxle am mxriv qarTul
himnografiaSi. qvemoT SevecdebiT am kiTxvebs uSualod teqstebze
dakvirvebiT vupasuxoT.
bizantieli himnografi umetesad warmogvidgens fizikuri tkivilisgan
damwuxrebul RvTismSobels, romelic gulamoskvniT dastiris sakuTar Zes.
is mxolod mas Semdeg miecema Svebas, roca macxovars aRdgenils naxavs:
`xolo me dedobriv
vjde aw sxurebad cremlTa
155
karsa saflavisasa
godebiT da vtirodi,
vidremdis aRsdge Sen~ (183, 151)
aseve: `he, Tumca mesma ÃmaÁ Seni
tkbili, Ä iesu~ _
Ãmobda ubiwoÁ dedaÁ _
`da SesZren
bageni Suenierni
da Tualni brwyinvaleni,
yovliTurT Semkulni sikeTiTa
he, Tumca aRdgomili
gixile, Zeo Cemo,
da aRvivse
cremlTa wil sixaruliTa~ (183, 150). SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mxolod es
ori adgilia Teofanes himnSi, sadac RvTismSoblis sixaruli Cans, danarCen
SemTxvevaSi is guldaTuTquli dedaa, romelic fizikurad ganicdis Svilis
tkivils:
àha, mxoloÁ vhgodeb Svilsa moklulsa,
Cem Tana mowafiTurT,
mkerdsa miyrdnobiliT,
da sayuareliT, ganguremuli guliTa~ (183, 148).
himnografi Tavad macxovris dedas alaparakebs sakuTari mZime gancdebis
Sesaxeb:
`sZisa wil vasxureb
cremlTa uxrwnelTa
magaT bageTa da cxovelTa
maT sityuaTa SenTa wil
mkudarsa gezraxebi!~ (183, 151)
sainteresoa, qarTvel himnografTa mier daxatuli deda-qalwulis
emocia, tkivilis siRrme; maT amaRelveblad gadmogvces gamwarebuli dedis
suraTi, romelsac cremlebi nakaduliviT sdioda: `mwuxare gonebiTa,
aRsavseÁ cremliTa, eglovda lmobierad~ (99, 167);
156
Svilis dakargva yvela dedisTvis tragedias warmoadgens: `marTalia,
qristes sikvdili da amaRleba sul sxva, RvTaebrivi plania da igi Tavis
TavSi moicavs sayovelTao bednierebas, magram deda mainc dedaa da swored
dedis poziciidanaa es danaxuli, da amdenad yvela adamianisTvis advilmi-
sawvdeni da mZafrad gansacdelia~ (24, 143); Tumca qalwulis urviT Sepyrob-
ilma gulma mainc SeZlo jvarcmul ZeSi adamianuri da RvTaebrivi bunebis
ganWvreta. RvTismSobeli xedavs Zes, jvarze dakidebuls, aRuwerel tanjva-
Si myofs, gasisxlianebuls, gatanjuls, gverdgayofils. vis SeuZlia warmo-
idginos es xorcieli tanjva? Tumca aranakleb mZimea sulieric. macxovars
xom `mTeli qveynis mwuxareba, yoveli kacis xedva, TiToeuli adamianis kvne-
sa, kacTa naTesaobis codva gulSi hqonda gawonili~ (151, 121). ìxilna
RmrTis mSobelman bunebiTni lmobani Sobisani da usesTaesni bunebisa
qalwulebisa sakÂrvelebani da kualad miuwdomelni tkivilni Zisa TÂsisa
juars cumisani, rameTu bunebiTiTa miT siyuaruliTa Svilobisa-
ÁTAganaZliera uZluri bunebaÁ dedobrivi. TanawarhÃda SiSsa huriaTasa
dauSiSiTa gonebiTa mdgomareÁ hxedvida Zesa Tvissa juars cumulsa da
eglovda viTarca kacsa...~ (72, 263);
qarTveli himnografebi sruliad realurad aRiqvamen jvarze vnebis arss.
roca RvTismSobeli Tavis Zes, viTarca mokvdavs, viTarca warmavals
dastiris, am SemTxvevaSi himnografi cdilobs dedis wuxili mTeli siRrmiT
gadmosces. misi Tvali bunebrivad Wvrets imas, rac yvelasaTvis saxilvelia:
deda dastiris Svils, viTarca mokvdavs:
`gixila raÁ yovlad ubiwoman
mSobelman Senman, RmrTisa sityuao,
aRsavseÁ cremliTa
mwuxarebiT geglovda~ (72, 322);
ùvnebelsa RmerTsa gxedvida raÁ vnebad ÃorciTa, daSjilsa juariTa,
damSWualulsa samSWualiTa da mowylulsa laxuriTa, ubiwoÁ mSobeli Seni,
RmrTisa sityuao, mdgomarÀ iyo winaSe juarsa mwuxareÁ guliTa da
geglovda cremliTa~ (72, 285);
`mariam, mSobeli, misi,
mwuxare ars Seurvebuli,
157
rameTu hxedavs samSWualiTa damsWualulsa
da eglovs guliTa~ (73, 278)
mgloviare RvTismSoblis saxis daxatvisas, qarTveli himnografebi
vnebulis orive bunebas warmoaCenen: erTi mxriv, dedaRvTisa, rogorc kacs,
sikvdilis samudamo tyves glovobs da wina planze gadmodis deda-Sviluri
tragedia da meore mxriv, Svilmkvdari dedis Zis `sulieri buneba
idumalebiT aris mosili~ (145, 27), rasac Tan axlavs mgloviare da ubeduri
qalis religiuri optimizmi: `raÁsTÂis gevnebis, uvnebelo vnebulTaTÂs (99,
167)
`himnografTa Tanaxmad, RvTismSoblis cxare cremlebs iseTive cxovel-
myofeli Zala aqvs, rogorc Zis Wrilobidan gadmoRvril sisxlsa da
wyals, romelmac adamis codva ganaqarva, deda-qalwulis mwuxareba ki evas
`pirvel patiJs~ aRxocavs~ (66, 88).
ioanes saxarebaSi mokled aris gadmocemuli jvarcmuli Svilis
mzrunveloba dedaze: ìesu viTarca ixila dedaჲ Tჳsi da mowafe igi,
romeli uyuarda, winaSe mdgomareni, hrqua dedasa Tჳssa: dedakaco, aha Ze
Seni! da merme mowafesa mas hrqua: aha dedaჲ Seni!~ (ioan. 19, 26-27).
himnografebs ki, sagaloblis liriuli nakadis gaZlierebis mizniT,
macxovaric Semohyavs saubarSi. Zlieri emociuri muxtiT aris aRbeWdili
misi sanugeSo sityvebi mwuxare dedis mimarT: `nu mtir me dedao, raJams
mixilo me, Ze Seni, romeli mSev uTeslod, saflavsa dadebulad, aramed aw
aRvdge da avmaRlde zecas qebiT, viTarca RmerT var, da vidido me maTgan,
romelni WeSmaritad RmrTismSoblad gxadian~ (109, 595).
himnografebma TavianTi mxatvruli sityvis mravalferovnebis wyalobiT
macxovrisa da RvTismSoblis dialogic gadmogvces, sadac RvTismSobeli
TiTqos Zis mxolod warmaval bunebas xedavs da yvela dedis msgavsad,
sasowarkveTilia, macxovari ki anugeSebs, Tavis RvTaebriv bunebas Seaxse-
nebs da aRdgomiT aimedebs. es epizodi nacnobia rogorc Teofane graptosis
SemoqmedebisTvis, ise qarTvel himnografTaTvisac. graptosTan macxovari
mouwodebs dedas, rom ar daitiros `mkudarTaebr saflavsa Sina~ (183, 151),
radgan is RmerTia da aRdgomilic pirveli mas eCveneba. daaxloebiT igive
viTarebaa qarTvel himnografebTanac: ìxila raÁ RmrTismSobelman ubiwoman
158
ZeÁ TÂsi golgoTas jvarsa damSWualuli, Soris ZÂris moqmedTa, mwuxare
gonebiTa, aRsavseÁ cremliTa, eglovda lmobierad da esreT ityoda,
raÁsaTÂs gevnebis, uvnebelo vnebulTaTÂs~ (72, 167); ùvnebelsa RmerTsa
gxedvida raÁ vnebulad, yolad ubiwoÁ mSobeli Seni qristÀ golgoTas,
Zelsa damokidebulad, mwuxare cremliTa geglovda Sen da sulTqumiT
esreT getyoda, raÁsa gevnebis braleulTa sasoo, ver daisaje msajuli
yovelTaÁ~ (72, 169); `viTarca ixile, zecier, juars cumulman ÃorciTa
ubiwoÁ mSobeli Seni mdgomareÁ winaSe juarsa mglovarÀ mowafesa Tana
sayuarelsa RmrTis metyuelsa etyode, sulgrZelo, saxierebiT raÁsa
mwuxare xar Rirso, nu Seorguldebi aw nefsiT vnebasa Cemsa, rameTu me var
dausabamoÁ RmerTi, RmrTisagan Sobili upirates yovelTa saukuneTa. aw
vaCueno ÃorciTa RmrTeebisa Zali, aw Sevmusro jojoxeTi, movakudino
sikudili da mesamesa dResa mixilo saflaviT aRdgomili ZeÁ Seni da
RmerTi dabadebulTaÁ~ (72, 270); `romelman nefsiT ivne juarsa zeda,
gxedvida mÃsnelo ÃorciTa yovlad ubiwoÁ mSobeli Seni, geglovda
msgavsad kacTa mokudavTa meufesa ukudavsa da cremliT giRaRadebda, raÁsa
gevnebis, maRalo, viTar daisaje, ukudavo,, viTar geufla sikudili,
ukudavebisa mflobelo, xolo Sen etyode, sexier, nu mwuxare xar, ubiwoo,
rameTu aRvdge da davsce macTuri~ (72, 283); himnografebs metad
originalurad aqvT gadmocemuli dedis glova, romelic wuxs xalxTagan
misi Svilis RvTaebrivi bunebis ver Secnobas: ùfalo, juars cumulsa
ÃorciTa raJams gxedvida yovlad ubiwoÁ mSobeli Seni, Seurvebuli guliTa
geglovda Senda viTarca kacsa ganwirulsa gcremlooda, angelozTa ufa-
lo, sulTqumiT giRaRadebda da getyoda, raÁ ars xilvaÁ axali, viTar dai-
saje umSjavrod uRmrToTagan, qriste, msajuli cxovelTa da mkudarTaÁ. vi-
Tar geufla Sen sikudili ukudavebisa mflobelsa~ (72, 317);
sxvagan ki, RvTismSobels esmis, rom RmerTkacis dedaa, magram misi tan-
jva Zis tkivilis tolfasia da mouwodebs Svils gamoavlinos RvTaebrivi
buneba da daamarcxos sikvdili: `RmrTismSobeli mwuxarebiT eglovda Zesa
TÂssa damSWualulsa juarsa zeda, hxedvida raÁ guemasa da tkivilsa Ãor-
cTasa bunebiTa mokudaviTa ukudavisa RmrTisa Tana, RaRad yo missa mimarT
159
cremliT, Ä, Zeo Cemo, yovelTa RmerTo, aCuene Zliero, Zali Seni aRdgomiTa
mkudreTiT, viTarca RmerT xar~ (72, 278);
`mohxeden Rirso, Zesa Sensa juars cumulsa
uvnebelsa mas, Ãorcielad daSjilsa,
RmrTisa dedao da esevdi aw Zalsa,
missa Zliersa,rameTu man Tavadman
moklas sikudili da mkudarni aRadginnes.
mihxeden mÃsnelo, juars cumulman Ãorcielad,
mSobelsa Sensa, ubiwosa qalwulsa,
Seurvebulsa,
etyodi Sen sulgrZelo,
nu mwuxare xar Rirso vnebasa Cemsa
rameTu aRdeg, mkudreTiT, viTarca RmerT xar~ (72, 297).
qarTveli himnografebi macxovarTan uSualo siaxloves amyareben
sakuTari mxatvruli sityvis ZalisxmeviT da masTan RvTismSoblis
gancdebze saubroben: `mSobeli Seni, RmrTisa sityuao, Seurvebli guliTa
geglovda Senda cremlTa mdinarisa nakadulni gardmodiodes ubiwoTagan
TualTa misTa, gxedvida raÁ mxsnelo juarsa zeda vnebulad, godebiT
getyoda, zecier, viTar gevnebis, uvnebelo, viTar daisaje aw xorciTa
msajuli cxovelTa da mkudarTaÁ~ da dedaRvTisas msgavsad, isinic
mouwodeben qristes, gamoavlinos sakuTari Zala da aRdgomiT daTrgunos
sikvdili: àramed vesav, Zliero uZlevelsa Zalsa Sensa, viTarmed sZlo
sikudilsa aRdgomiTa da momfino saRmrToÁ sixaruli~ (72, 261).
RvTismSoblis tirili maradiuli Temaa msoflio literaturaSi da
saerTod xelovnebaSi. qarTul mwerlobaSi mgloviare dedis saxe jer
himnografebma, xolo Semdeg ki me-18 saukunis poetebma maRalmxatvruli
poeturi ostatobiT dagvixates.
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom qarTveli himnografebi axerxeben emociis ukana
planze gadatanas, roca sikvdilSi mospobisa da ganadgurebis wil,
ganaxlebisa da axali sicocxlis dasawyiss SevicnobT. am SemTxvevaSi
yovelnairi xorcieli tkivili fermkrTaldeba RvTaebrivi Zalmosilebis
winaSe da dedis mwuxarebac sarwmunoebrivi optimizmiT Seicvleba. jvarcmu-
160
li Zis RvTaebrivi bunebis gaxseneba qalwulis emocias erTgvarad Trgu-
navs: `Ä Zeo Cemo, yovelTa RmerTo, aCuene Zliero, Zali Seni aRdgomiTa
mkvdreTiT, viTarca RmerT xar~ (72, 272). RvTismSoblis sityvebSi kargad
Cans jvarcmis misteriis arsi, romelic Tavis TavSi moicavs aRdgomis
sixaruls, rac sarwmunoebrivi optimizmis erT-erT gamoxatulebad
dausaxavs himnografs: `...ese dRes aRdga saflaviT, viTarca RmerT ars.
ixile usZloo da gixaroden~ (73, 21).
glovisa da sixarulis ganwyobilebaTa gadmocema sagalobelSi jvarcmis
misteriis sulier da xorciel mxareTa aRqmas emsaxureba, sadac, rasakvir-
velia, sulieri aspeqti imarjvebs, amitomac mwuxareba himnografis mier
àmaRlebul urvadaa~ aRqmuli. amitomaa qarTvel himnografebTan ase xanmok-
le RvTismSoblis wuxili.
sagulisxmoa, rom mwuxarebis sixaruliT Secvla sagalobelSi TiTqmis
drois intervalis gareSe xdeba, amitomac tkivili da sixaruli gverdigver-
daa, rac mowmobs imas, rom mwuxarebam `maxviliviT swrafad gaiara~, wamie-
rad dakoda dedis guli da male aRdgomis sixarulad gardaisaxa.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qarTvel himnografTa sagaloblebSi glovasa da
sixaruls Soris zRvari TiTqos gamijnulic ar aris, vinaidan mgloviare
deda, mokle drois Semdeg sixaruliT savse dedad iqceva. èha, tkivili
bunebiTi da siyuaruli dedobrivi SvilobisaÁ, romeli etÂrTa usZlosa
RvTismSobelsa, mariams, raJams, Jamsa mas vnebisasa mdgomare iyo adgilsa
Txemisasa winaSe jvarsa mxolodSobilisa. cremliT eglovda Zesa TÂssa
vnebulsa da juarscumulsa, romeli aRdga da aRavso sixaruliTa, romelsa
aqus did wyalobaÁ~ (99, 386).
glovas aRdgomis sixaruli da vnebaTa gankurnebis imedi xSirad enac-
vleba sagalobelSi: ùrvaÁ dedobrivi RvTismSobelsa aqunda mwuxarebiT
gxedvida raÁ daSjilsa juariTa nefsiT RvTisa sityvao; godebiT giRaRad-
ebda da sulTqmiT esreT ityoda Senda momarT, raÁsa daisajeniT braleu-
lTa saso, aramed gnebavs vnebiTa vnebaTa gankurnebaÁ~ (99, 420); es sixaruli
ki sikvdilis daTrgunviTa da maradiul sasufevelSi Sesvlis rwmeniTaa
gamowveuli. mgloviare deda mouwodebs macxovars aRdgomisken, raTa yvelam
naxos misi Zala: ùbiwoÁ RmrTis mSobeli hxedvida raÁ Zesa TÂssa golgo-
161
Tas Zelsa damokidebulad avazakTa Soris, ganhkrTa guliTa da aRivso cre-
mliTa, rameTu cecxlebr Seswuvida bunebasa dedobrivsa tkivili Svilobi-
saÁ, gloviT Ãma yo, Ä, Zeo da RmerTo Cemo, viTar dagsaja Sen erman uSju-
loman Sjulis mdebeli, Sen, braleulTa sasoo, mokudavTa cxovrebao, ro-
meli mohkued, aCuene Zali Seni, aRdeg da ganabnien mterni Senni da mouwode
warmarTTa didebis metyuelebad aRdgomisa Senisa~ (72, 292)
jvarcmiT gamowveuli mwuxareba àmaRlebuli urvaa SvebasTan wildebu-
li~ (81, 125). aRdgomiT gamowveuli sixarulic, glovis msgavsad, universa-
luria _ sixaruls moucavs mTeli samyaro, cani-caTani:
ìxareben dRes cani
queyanaÁ, zRuaÁ da mcenareni,
angelozni kacTa Tana dResaswauloben
rameTu qristÀ aRdga
da erT samwyso yvna zecisa da queyanisani
madideblad aRdgomisaTÂs~ (99, 376)
amis Semdeg ki es mwuxareba sixarulad ecvlebaT RvTismSobelsa da
mociqulT: `ganmxiaruldiT, mociqulno~ (73, 234);
àha, dascxren nakadulni
cremlTani ubiwoTa maTgan TualTa,
aw mwuxarebis wil pirvelisa
aRsavse ars sixaruliTa RmrTismSobeli~ (99, 378);
`dRes aRivso sixaruliTa wmidaÁ dedofali, uqorwinebeli mariam, raJams
miiwrafa saflavad sayuarelisa mis Tana mowafisa, romlis dedad uwoda
mas mxolod Sobilman Jamsa mas vnebisasa. aw mis Tanave ixila ZeÁ TÂsi
aRdgomili Seuvrda SeuxebelTa ferÃTa misTa da survielad ambors uyo
ukudavsa meufesa: gixaroden, gixaroden, RmrTisa dedao. aha, hxedav Sen gan
Sobilsa aRdgomilsa ukudavsa, sikudilisa mZlesa~ (72, 272);`bunebisa mis
dedobrivisa uZlurebaÁ ganiSura RmrTis mSobelman dResa mas vnebisa Zisa
TÂsisasa. TanawarhÃda uSiSad SiSsa mas huriaTasa da kadnierebiT mdgomare
iyo winaSe juarsa, adgilsa Txemisasa: hxedvida raÁ Zesa TÂssa juars
cumulsa, daSjilsa da sikudid micemulsa, mwuxare gonebiTa eglovda
162
viTarca kacsa ganwirulsa zecisa uÃorcoTa Semoqmedsa: ese dRes
aRdgomil ars mkudreTiT, ixile usZloo da gixaroden~ (72, 305);
`mwuxarebiT geglovda
ubiwoÁ mSobeli Seni, RmrTisa sityuao,
gxedvida raÁ daSjilsa
juars cumulsa da samSWuliTa damSWualulsa,
xolo raJams gixila
aRdgomili mkudreTiT mesamesa dResa,
Segivrda, sexier,
uxrwnelTa ferÃTa SenTa
da sixaruliT Tavyuanis gcemda~ (72, 335).
himnografebi ulocaven RvTismSobels Zis aRdginebas da sixarulad
mouwodeben: ìxarebd ubiwoo RmrTis mSobelo qalwulo, ZeÁ Seni juars
cumuli aRmobrwyinda saflaviT. sikudili moakudina, jojoxeTi
warmotyuena da pyrobilni mas Sina naTlad aRmoiyvanna...~ (72, 175).
àw gixaroden, RmrTisa dedao,
Sengan Sobili RmerTi aRdgomil ars saflaviT,
romelman moakudina
sikudili, warmotyuena queskneli,
ixile, ubiwoo
da meox gueyav~ (72, 358)
bnelSi myofnic ganmxiaruldebian, rameTu efinebaT naTeli: `xarebaÁ
aRdgomisa Senisa esma angelozTagan menelsacxebelTa eqmnnes maxarebel
mociqulTa, maSin daiÃsna mwuxarebaÁ evaÁsi da sixaruli saukunoÁ moefina
SvilTa misTa~ (99, 173).
qristes jvarze xorcieli sikvdili, romelSic yvela Cvengans miuZRvis
wvlili, RvTaebrivi aRdgomiT dasrulda, romlis madlic pirvel mamidan
dawyebuli yovel suldgmuls moefina.
amrigad, jvarcmis misteriam ganapiroba RvTismSoblis metad originna-
luri saxis Seqmna, raSic gansakuTrebuli sityva himnografebma Tqves.
aqve gamovlinda is faqtic, rom saxarebaSi Svilmkvdari dedis gancdebis
Sesaxeb araferia naTqvami, vfiqrobT, imitomac, rom iq wina planze qristes
163
sulieri bunebaa wamoweuli, romlis gansakuTrebulobac misi xorcieli
tanjvis fonze vlindeba; macxovris aRdginebiT ki ukve yvelaferia naTqvami.
RvTismSobeli dastiris ra Zes, himnografebi warmoaCens vnebulis orive bu-
nebas: 1) wminda mariami glovobs kacs, sikvdilis samudamo tyves, amitom aq
wina planze dedaSviluri tragediaa wamoweuli; 2) meore mxriv, mSobeli Se-
igrZnobs jvarcmuli Zis sulier bunebas da religiuri optimizmiT ivseba.
himnebSi TvalSi sacemia ara mxolod `lirikuli me~, aramed is faqtic,
rom himnografebi mxatvruli ostatobiT aRweven TavianTi gancdebis
msmenelze ganzogadebasac da TavisTavad Cvenc vxdebiT am gancdebis
Tanamonawile.
warsulSi momxdar movlenebs himnografebi gvawvdian, rogorc axla
mimdinares. `dro qristianuli dResaswaulebisadmi miZRvnili himnebisa Tu
homiliebisa umTavresad awmyoa, rameTu es dro maqsimalurad ganazogadebs
faqts. is, rac warsulSi moxda, Tu mniSvnelobs dRes, moqmedebas
gaagrZelebs momavalSic~ (50, 107).
qarTul sagaloblebSi gamoikveTa, rogorc Svilis vnebis ganmcdeli,
aseve RvTis didebulebis mxilveli dedis saxe. TvalSi sacemia is zomiere-
ba, rasac himnografebi amgvari masStabis movlenis aRwerisas amJRavneben.
isini axerxeben ar gascdnen qristianuli kanonikis CarCoebs. amitomac ar
aris maTi RvTismSobeli uzomod mgloviare, `nawlavebdamwvari~, aq wuxilsa
da sixaruls Soris TiTqos gangeb ar arsebobs zRvari da maTi aRqma erT
mTlianobaSi xdeba mkiTxvelis mier. swored es momenti ganasxvavebs mas, ro-
gorc graptosiseuli, aseve aRorZinebis periodis moRvaweTa mier Seqmnili
RvTismSoblis mgloviare saxisagan.
164
daskvna
sasuliero poeziis tropul saxeTa did nawils mariam RvTismSobelTan

dakavSirebuli xat-saxeebi Seadgens, romlebic gamoirCevian mxatvrul-
esTetikuri daxvewilobiT da originalurobiT. amasTan erTad, TiToeuli
maTgani Rrma Teologiuri datvirTvis matarebelia.
rogorc SesavalSic aRvniSneT RvTismSoblis saxe-simbolos araerTi
mecnieri ikvlevda da ikvlevs, magram am mimarTulebiT, rogorc Cvens
naSromSia warmoCenili, jer ar yofila Seswavlili.
Cven mier gamovlinda yvela saxe-simbolo, romelic deda RvTisas miemar-
Teba qarTvel himnografTa SemoqmedebaSi da amasTan, sistemurad dalagda
yvela maTgani.
TiToeul xat-saxeze siRrmiseuli dakvirvebiT SeviswavleT maTi
genezisi, moZiebis Sedegad gamovlinda saTanado bibliur-Teologiuri
wyaroebi. moZiebisa da damowmebis gziT saSualeba mogveca kidev erTxel
davrwmunebuliyaviT sagaloblis SemqmnelTa rogorc Teologiur ganswav-
lulobaSi, ise movlenaTa aRqmisa da gaazrebis Seudarebel unarSi, mxatv-
rul-esTetikuri TvalsazrisiT maT profesiul doneze gadmocemaSi.
naSromze muSaobisas sakvlev masalad gamoviyeneT VIII-XVIIIOsaukuneebis
qarTvel-bizantiel SemoqmedTa himnebi da homiliebi. kerZod, ,,uZvelesi
iadgari~, `Zveli metafrasuli krebuli~ (seqtembris Tvis sakiTxavebi),
miqael modrekilis ìadgari~, ioane minCxis, ioane mtbevaris Semoqmedeba,
daviT aRmaSeneblis `galobani sinanulisani~, demetre-damianes iambikoebi,
nikoloz gulaberisZis `galobani suetisa cxovelisani~, ioane SavTelis
`galobani varZiisa RmrTismSoblisani~ da sxvaTa himnografiuli
memkvidreoba, aseve, mcxeTuri xelnaweri.
kvlevis Sedegad gamovlinda zogierTi iseTi saxe, romelic aqamde
RvTismSoblis simbolod ar iyo aRiarebuli. amasTan, vnaxeT, rom qarTul
sinamdvileSi arsebuli saxeebi ar aris axali, TiToeuli maTganis Ziri
bibliidan momdinareobs.
tropul saxeTa Soris himnografebi iyeneben: epiTets, metaforas, para-
bolas, saxeTa paralelizmis princips, raTa zeciuri dedoflisadmi
165
aRvlenili xotba-vedreba mTeli siZlieriT ganacdevinon mkiTxvelsa Tu
msmenels. sagaloblebis saxismetyvelebisa da Tematuri aspeqtebis Seswavjm
lis Sedegad gamoikveTa is gza, rac saRvTismSoblo simboloebma gaiara
Zveli aRTqmidan himnografiamde.
aRmoCnda, rom yvelaze meti simbolo RvTismSoblis qalwulad warmoCe-
nas eZRvneba. saamisod uamravi saintereso da originaluri saxea moxmobili,
romelTa Ziri Zvel aRTqmaSia saZiebeli.
vfiqrobT, ramdenime saxis gamoyofa Temis daskvniT nawilSi Cvens
naSroms gaamravalferovanebs. am mxriv saintereso simboloa ahronis
kverTxi, romelic RvTismSobels gamoxatavs, xolo misgan gamoRebuli
yvavili ki winaswarmetyvelurad macxovars moaswavebda. (ricx. 17, 8). misi
genezisis Seswavlis procesSi da saRvTismetyvelo swavlebaze dakvirvebiT
aRmoCnda, rom ahronis ayvavebuli kverTxi warmoadgenda pirvel saxes: a)
ieso qristes uTeslod, uqorwinebeli mariam RvTismSoblisagan xorcielad
dabadebis; b) qristes sxeulebrivi uxrwnelebis; g) qristes eklesiis
aRmdgeneli da gamaZlierebeli madlis.
naTlis simbolika ki imdenadaa saintereso, ramdenadac igi or TavSi
gavaerTianeT: ferTa simbolikasa da astralur saxe-simboloebSi. wmida
werilidan momdinare orgvari naTlis arseboba Cvens TematikaSi sagangebod
gamovyaviT da dakvirvebidan gamomdinare, vnaxeT, rom `naTeli usxeulo~,
`bunebiTi naTeli~... aq materiis Seqmnamde arsebuli naTelia; `naTeli
dausabamo~, `naTeli TvalSeudgami~, `wyaroÁ naTelTaÁ~ _ wmida samebis
pirveli da meore hipostasis _ mama RmerTisa da Ze RmerTis gamomxatvelia,
radganac naTeli, rogorc feri, varirebs TeTrsa da brwyinvales Soris;
amitomac misi simbolika gaigivebulia SemoqmedTan. aqedan gamomdinare,
naTlis simbolika saTavea yvela sxva feris aRsaqmelad da gasaazreblad,
radganac simboluri saxeebiT azrovneba mxolod `naTlismieri xedviTaa~
SesaZlebeli.
amasTan, naTeli aris pirveli, rasac ufali qmnis qveynierebis dabadebis
pirvelsave dRes da rac, faqtobrivad, safuZvelia xiluli da uxilavi
samyarosi. aqedan gamomdinare, naTeli wamyvani saxe-simboloa qristianuli
mwerlobisaTvis da gansakuTrebiT, himnografiisaTvis.
166
gamovyofT aseve Rrublis simbolikas, romelic ormagi _ dadebiTi da
uaryofiTi _ datvirTviT gvxvdeba himnografebTan. meore mniSvnelobas
Rrubeli evasTan mimarTebiT iRebs, romlis codvis ganmaqarvebladac mariam
RvTismSobeli gvevlineba.
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom `sulmcire Rrubeli~, romelic dasabams esaia
winaswarmetyvelidan iRebs da romelic xSirad gvxdeba himnografTa
SemoqmedebaSi, mxolod wminda mariams miemarTeba.
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himnografebi ar gvTavazoben siaxles Teologiuri TvalsazrisiT, magram
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167
wyobasa da esTetizms, rom mkiTxveli Tavs grZnobs sagaloblebSi gadmoce-
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mianis sulieri zrdis ganmapirobebelia, rac himnografiis erT-erT daniSnu-
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qarTvel himnografTa sagaloblebis paralelurad motanil bizantiur
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182

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avtoris stili daculia

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti

RvTismSobeli qarTvel himnografTa saxeobriv

iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

samecniero xelmZRvaneli: elguja xinTibiZe,

Tbilisi 2012 weli

1. himnografia da simboluri saxismetyveleba (zogadi mimoxilva) 10

1. RvTismSoblis maradqalwulobis aRmniSvneli saxe-simboloebi 26

2. RvTismSobeli _ macxovris damtevneli `WurWeli~ 45

3. RvTismSoblis simbolika mcenareTa da frinvelTa saxismetyvelebis

4. RvTismSoblis simbolika ferTa da Zvirfas TvalTa saxismetyvelebis

5. RvTismSoblis astraluri saxe-simboloebi 103

6. macxovrisa da RvTismSoblis saerTo saxe-simboloebi 116

7. RvTismSoblis madidebeli sxva saxe-simboloebi 129

jvarcmis RvTismSobliseuli aRqma (glova da sixaruli) 146

gamoyenebuli literatura 169

qarTuli saeklesio poezia orgvaria: liturgikuli da samoZRvro-moT-

1. himnografia da simboluri saxismetyveleba

qarTuli saeklesio poezia orgvaria: liturgikuli da samoZRvro-moTx-

mariam RvTismSoblisadmi miZRvnilma religiurma dResaswaulebma, ekle-

1. RvTismSoblis maradqalwulobis aRmniSvneli saxe-simboloebi

saerTod, RvTismSoblis Temas sasuliero poeziaSi udidesi adgili uWi-

mariam RvTismSobelze mimaniSnebel simboloTa ricxvi Zalian didia da

mcenareTa da frinvelTa Sesaxeb uZvelesi droidan arsebobda sxvadasxva

radganac adamianSi zecisken swrafvis survili odiTganvea, amitom is yo-

albaT, araerTxel davfiqrebulvarT imaze, Tu rogori RvTaebrivi

mariam RvTismSobelTan dakavSirebuli ferTa simbolika yvelaze

qarTul sinamdvileSi adamianis bed-iRblis astralur samyarosTan

kacobriobis arsebobis istoriaSi adamiani mudam Sestrfis da ganadi-

qarTvel himnografTa ZiriTadi yuradReba da gancda RvTismSoblis qeba-

jvarcmis RvTismSobliseuli aRqma (glova da sixaruli)

mariam RvTismSoblis saxis srulad aRqma SeuZlebeli iqneboda jvarcmis

`Zeo Sens ukan genukvi

sasuliero poeziis tropul saxeTa did nawils mariam RvTismSobelTan

1. abakelia n., `zRurblisa da karis simbolikisaTvis qarTul

A-111 _ gulani. udabnos mravalmTis naTlismcemlis monasteri (XVIII s.).

gamoyenebuli internet resursebi:

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