ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

Tbilisi. 2011

giorgi dundua, Tedo dundua.

iWreboda Tu ara giorgauli TeTri?*

qarTul samecniero-saistorio SromebSi aRniSnu-

lia, rom giorgi V brwyinvalem (1318-1346 ww.) 1330 w.
xarkis Zleva Seuwyvita monRolebs,1 rac, faqtobrivad,
sruli damoukideblobis mopovebas niSnavda. qarTul
istoriografiaSi aseve damkvidrebulad iTvleboda is
azri, rom giorgim cvlilebebi Seitana saqarTvelos
finansebSic da moWra sakuTari moneta, romelic `gior-
gaulis~ saxeliT aris cnobili.2
meores mxriv, sparsuli wyaroebi da saqarTvelos
zarafxanebSi ilxanebis saxeliT moWrili monetebi
diametrulad sawinaaRmdego poziciaze gvayenebs. spar-
seli istorikosis hamdalah yazvinis cnobis Tanaxmad,

* 2006 wels gamovida giorgi dunduas da Tedo dunduas monogra-

fia _ qarTuli numizmatika. I nawili. winamdebare statia, gar-
kveulwilad, misi damatebaa. amasTan, is srulad Seva `qarTuli nu-
mizmatikis~ II nawilSi, romelic gamosacemad mzaddeba.
1 v. gabaSvili. saqarTveloSi monRolTa batonobis xangrZlivobis
sakiTxisaTvis. aRmosavluri krebuli. Tb. 1960, gv. 121.
2 iv. javaxiSvili. qarTuli safas-sazomTa mcodneoba anu numizma-
tika-metrologia. tf. 1925, gv. 21; iv. javaxiSvili. qarTveli eris
istoria. w. III. Tb. 1949, gv. 271; i. doliZe. Zveli qarTuli samarTa-
li. Tb. 1953, gv. 195; i. doliZe. giorgi brwyinvalis samarTali. Tb.
1957, gv. 9; Д. Г. Капанадзе. Грузинская нумизматика. М. 1955, gv. 99-100, da sxv.
139
 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

saqarTvelo monRolebs xarks uxdis 1336 welsac.3 meo-

re sparseli istorikosi, saxeldobr, abdalah ibn moha-
med ibn qia al mazandarani, saqarTvelos xarkis gadam-
xdel qveynebs Soris asaxelebs 1349-1350 ww-Siac.4 hamda-
lah yazvinis Txzuleba `nozhaT al-yolub~ (`gulTa
siame~), saidanac aRebulia cnoba saqarTvelos mier mon-
RolTa sasargeblod xarkis gadaxdis Sesaxeb 1336 w.,
dawerilia 1339-1340 ww-Si. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im gare-
moebas, rom giorgi V-is mefobis ukanaskneli wlebis
Sesaxeb arsebuli qarTuli wyaroebi XVIII s. ganekuT-
vneba, xolo hamdalah yazvinis Txzuleba dawerilia
giorgis sicocxleSive, maSin naTeli iqneba am ukanask-
nelis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba saqarTvelos mon-
RolebTan urTierTobis dasadgenad XIV s-is 30-iani ww-
is miwuruls. xolo Tu zemoTqmuls davumatebT imasac,
rom mTeli amierkavkasiis zarafxanebSi, maT Soris
saqarTvelos zarafxanebSic (Tbilisi, yaraRaji), hijr.
756 w-mde (= 1355 w.) monetebi iWreboda mxolod da mxo-
lod ilxanebis saxeliT,5 maSin qarTul istoriogra-
fiaSi damkvidrebuli Sexedulebis gadasinjvis saWi-
roeba TvalnaTlivi iqneba.
pirveli aseTi cda, xsenebuli sparseli istoriko-
sebis cnobebis SemotaniT mecnierebaSi, d. langs ekuTv-
nis. 1960 w. mas gamoexmaura v. gabaSvili. magram, samwu-
xarod, maT SromebSi saTanado gadawyveta ver pova nu-
mizmatikurma sakiTxebma. metic: d. langis axalma hipo-

3 D. M. Lang. Georgia in the Reign of Giorgi the Brilliant. BSOAS. XVII. I. 1955, gv. 85.
4 W. Hinz. Ein persischer Leitfaden des Staatlichen Rechnungswessens um 1363. Wies-
baden. 1952. miTiTebulia v. gabaSvilis dasax. naSr. mixedviT, gv. 122-123.
5 Е. А. Пахомов. Борьба феодальных династий за восточное Закавказье с половины

XIV в. до начала XV в. по монетным данным. КСИИМК. вып. 66. М. 1956, gv. 47.
140
 giorgi dundua, Tedo dundua. iWreboda Tu ara giorgauli TeTri?

Tezam `giorgaulis~ da `kirmaneulis~ Sesaxeb (maT iden-

turobas rom gulisxmobs) ufro gaarTula problema.
im faqtis dadgenisgan ki, Wrida Tu ara giorgi brwyin-
vale sakuTar, erovnuli xasiaTis monetas, mniSvnelov-
nad aris ganpirobebuli saqarTveloSi monRolTa bato-
nobis xangrZlivobis sakiTxis gadawyvetac. amitom gi-
orgi V-is samoneto emisiis specialuri Seswavla auci-
lebelia.
ras emyareboda qarTuli istoriografia, rodesac
giorgi brwyinvales sakuTari, erovnuli xasiaTis mone-
tis moWra miawera?
iv. javaxiSvili wers – `aTabag aRbuRas Tavisi pa-
pis da Tavisi samarTlis wignis SesavalSi naTqvami
aqvs: papa Cems beqas yazanauri TeTri daewesebina sisx-
lis sazRaurad, magram Cvens dros amgvari fuli ukve
aRar arsebobda da Cven `didisa mefisa giorgis Jamisa
TeTri gavaCineTo~. aq ueWvelia giorgi brwyinvale igu-
lisxmeba. swored am giorgi brwyinvalis vercxlis
fuls eZaxdnen `giorgaul~ TeTrs. rogorc etyoba,
XIV_s. meore naxevarSiac es fuli winandeburad xmare-
baSi iyo~.6 amrigad, iv. javaxiSvilisaTvis, Semdeg ki uk-
ve sxvebisTvisac, amosavali iyo beqa-aRbuRas kanonTa
kodeqsi. garda amisa, qarTul istoriografias gaaCnda
ufro gviandeli, kerZod, XVIII s-is cnobac. mxedveloba-
Si gvaqvs vaxtang VI-is samarTlis sityvebi: `pirvels Ja-
murs TeTrs giorgauls eZaxdnen. is Turme saqmobda sis-
xlSiaca da isreca... giorgauli ra erTisac wona yofi-
la, im Zvels wignebSi sweria da imiTi icnobT~ (vaxtan-

6 iv. javaxiSvili. qarTuli safas-sazomTa mcodneoba anu numizma-

tika-metrologia, gv. 21.
141
 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

gis samarTlis wigni. kari TeTris garigebisa, $15).7

saWiroa aqve aRiniSnos, rom s. kakabaZe, dasaxele-
buli sabuTebis garda, eyrdnoboda agreTve sasisxlo
sigelebs8 da erT nasyidobis sabuTs, Sesrulebuls
qarTlSi 1508 w.9 am sabuTebis kritikuli garCevis Sem-
deg vTvliT, rom maTi gamoyeneba `giorgauli~ TeTris
emisiis samtkiceblad gamoricxulia.10
amrigad, dagvrCa ori sabuTi, ris safuZvelzec
qarTuli istoriografia `giorgauli~ TeTris arsebo-
bas adasturebs: pirveli es aris beqa-aRbuRas kanonTa
kodeqsi, da meore – vaxtang VI-is sityvebi – `pirvels
Jamurs TeTrs giorgauls eZaxdnen~. magram vaxtangic
rom beqa-aRbuRas samarTals eyrdnoboda, es sruliad
aSkaraa. rogorc iv. javaxiSvili miuTiTebda, vaxtang
VI-s am fulis Sesaxeb Zalian bundovani warmodgena
hqonia, radgan is mas pirvel qarTul fulad miaCnda.11
kidev erTxel mogvyavs vaxtang VI-is sityvebi: `is (e.i.
giorgauli – g. d., T. d.) Turme saqmobda sisxlSiaca da
isreca... giorgauli ra erTisac wona yofila, im Zvels
wignebSi sweria da imiTi icnobT~. e.w. `giorgaulis~
wona ki mxolod aRbuRas samarTlis wignSia moyvanili:
`...oriani xuTi dangi wminda vecxli.12 rogorc ityvian,
komentarebi zedmetia. beqa-aRbuRas kanonTa kodeqsia im

7 vaxtang VI. samarTlis wigni. teqsti gamosacemad daamzada, gamok-

vleva da terminTa saZiebeli daurTo T. enuqiZem. Tb. 1955., gv. 53-54.
8 s. kakabaZe. sasisxlo sigelebis Sesaxeb. saistorio moambe. II. Tb.
1924, gv. 58, 66.
9 eqvT. TayaiSvili. saqarTvelos siZveleni. III. tf. 1909, gv. 401.
10 sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ix. g. dundua. samoneto mimoqcevis sa-
kiTxisaTvis XV saukunis saqarTveloSi. Tb. 1964, gv. 33-39.
11 iv. javaxiSvili. qarTuli safas-sazomTa mcodneoba anu numizma-
tika-metrologia, gv. 21.
12 i. doliZe. Zveli qarTuli samarTali, gv. 286.

142
 giorgi dundua, Tedo dundua. iWreboda Tu ara giorgauli TeTri?

azris saTave, TiTqos giorgi brwyinvales cvlilebani

Seetanos saqarTvelos finansebSi.
eyrdnoboda ra qarTul istoriul literaturaSi
gabatonebul azrs imis Sesaxeb, rom giorgi brwyinva-
lem moWra sakuTari moneta, e.w. `giorgauli~, d. kapana-
Ze Seecada faqtobrivi masaliT Seemagrebina es debule-
ba. `giorgaulebad~ man miiCnia qvemoT aRwerili monete-
bi. yvela maTgani vercxlisaa.

1. Subli – monetis centrSi msxvili wertilia. am

wertilis marjvniv da marcxniv gaugebari niSnebia,
romlebic mogvagonebs gadabrunebul muslimur RvTis-
msaxurebiT warmonaTqvams – `ufals~, es yvelaferi Cas-
mulia wvetian ovalSi da amrigad iqmneba adamianis ga-
xelili Tvalis STabeWdileba. monetis kideebze warwe-
ra: vtats/vat ub – `mefeTa mefe giorgi~.
zurgi – ramdenadme damaxinjebuli arabuli warwe-
ra (sunituri religiuri simbolo) (tab. I, # 1).13
2. Subli – `adamianis gaxelili Tvalis~ saxe. mone-
tis centrSi msxvili marjvniv da marcxniv dawolili
qarTuli asoebia moTavsebuli: v da a – mefe. frCxili-
seburi CarCos gareT talRiseburi xazebi da TiTo wer-
tili (d. kapanaZis azriT, daniRbuli zedwerili).
zurgi – samstriqoniani damaxinjebuli arabuli
warwera (unda iyos sunituri religiuri simbolo) (tab.
I, # 2).14

13 d. kapanaZe. zogierTi gaurkveveli qarTuli fulis daTariRebis-

Tvis. ssmm. XI-B. Tb. 1941, gv. 133; d. kapanaZe. Грузинская нумизматика, gv.
100; d. kapanaZe. qarTuli numizmatika. Tb. 1969, gv. 117, # 133.
14 d. kapanaZe. zogierTi gaurkveveli qarTuli fulis daTariRebis-
Tvis, gv. 140; d. kapanaZe. qarTuli numizmatika, gv. 117, # 134.
143
 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

3. Subli – monetis centrSi msxvili wertilia, ro-

melsac marjvniv da marcxniv kidev TiTo wertili
uzis. wertilebi Casmulia wvetian ovalSi. zemoT da
qvemoT talRiseburi xazebi da TiTo wertili amkobs.
yvelafer amas Semovlebuli aqvs ormagi rkali – xazia-
ni da wertiliani.
zurgi – monetis centrSi samstriqoniani damaxin-
jebuli arabuli zedwerili sunituri religiuri sim-
boloa, romelic iseTive rkalebiTaa Semovlebuli,
romlebic monetis Sublze gvaqvs (tab. I, # 3).15
ra sabuTebi moyavs d. kapanaZes zemoT aRwerili
monetebis `giorgaulebad~ miCnevis sasargeblod?
aRwerili minetebis pirveli varianti, e.i. sruli
qarTuli zedweriliani moneta, trapizonis aspris qar-
Tul minabaZebTan, e.w. kirmaneulTan erTad, 1930 Tu 1931
w. erT Tbilisel koleqcioners gadaucia d. kapanaZis-
Tvis da Tan daurTavs cnoba, rom isini 1904-1905 ww. du-
SeTSi aRmoCenili ganZidan yofila. d. kapanaZe varau-
dobda, rom es monetebi im ganZidan aris, e. paxomovs #
169-is qveS rom aqvs moxseniebuli. Tundac es ase iyos,
es arafers amtkicebs. mivmarToT TviT e. paxomovs, rom-
lis cnobis Tanaxmad, 1905 w. duSeTis r-nSi aRmoCenila
960 vercxlis monetisgan Semdgari ganZi. es ganZi Sem-
deg gaifanta. e. paxomovis gansazRvriT, gadarCenili eg-
zemplarebi Semdegi monetebi aRmoCnda: erTi cali XIV-
XV ss. ucnobi fulia (e.i. is cali, romelic d. kapa-
naZem `giorgaulad~ miiCnia), trapizonuli aspris erTi
minabaZi da ori cali juCiduri moneta, ToxTamiSis mi-
er urdoSi moWrili (erTze moCans TariRi 192 w., unda
15d. kapanaZe. zogierTi gaurkveveli qarTuli fulis daTariRebis-
Tvis, gv. 135; d. kapanaZe. qarTuli numizmatika, gv. 118, # 135.
144
 giorgi dundua, Tedo dundua. iWreboda Tu ara giorgauli TeTri?

iyos 792 = 1389/90 ww.).16 amrigad, kidevac rom davuSvaT,

TiTqos xsenebul ganZSi ufro gviandeli moneta ar Se-
dioda, misi daflobis terminus post quem 1389/90 ww-ia. Tuki
saerTod SeiZleba am sabuTiT msjeloba, is sawinaaRm-
degos ufro daamtkicebs, vidre saintereso monetis da
`giorgaulis~ igiveobas. d. kapanaZes ratomRac miaCnda,
rom am ganZis SemadgenlobaSi XIII s-is fulis minaba-
Zebs gacilebiT ufro meti adgili eWireboda.17 mas, al-
baT, mxedvelobaSi ioane II-is asprebis qarTuli minaba-
Zebi hqonda. aseTi mtkicebisTvis safuZveli ar arse-
bobs. sakiTxs jer Teoriulad mivudgeT. duSeTis r-nSi
aRmoCenil ganZSi kirmaneulebs ar SeiZleba meti adgi-
li Weroda, radgan aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi am fuls
ar hqonia iseTi farTo gavrceleba, rogorc dasavleT
saqarTveloSi.18 magram aqac vuSvebT, rom kirmaneulebi
am ganZis ZiriTadi nawili iyo. niSnavs es imas, rom gan-
Zi XIII s-is dasasruliT an XIV s-is I naxevriT unda da-
TariRdes? ra Tqma unda, ara. XIII s-is TviT ioane II-is
aspria, xolo misi minabaZebi iWreboda rogorc XIII s-is
dasasruls, aseve – XIV s-is mTel sigrZeze da XV s-
Sic ki. es gza ar gamodgeba ganZis daTariRebisTvis.
ganZis gadarCenil juCidur monetebs ki, rogorc aRniS-
nuli gvqonda, XIV s-is miwurulSi gadavyavarT. amri-
gad, Tuki pirobiTad davuSvebT imas, rom Tbiliseli
koleqcioneris ganmarteba WeSmaritebas Seefereba, ara-
viTari safuZveli ar arsebobs, mis mier gadmocemuli

16 Е. А. Пахомов. Монетные клады Азербайджана и Закавказья. I. Баку. 1926, gv.

60, # 169.
17 d. kapanaZe. zogierTi gaurkveveli qarTuli fulis daTariRebis-
Tvis, gv. 144-145.
18 T. abramiSvili. XIII-XIV ss. dasavlur-qarTuli fuli (kirmaneu-
li). Tb. 1959, gv. 44.
145
 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

ori moneta XIV s-is I naxevars mivakuTvnoT.

saintereso monetebis III varianti, e.i. is monetebi,
romelTac araviTari qarTuli warwera ar aqvT, 5 ca-
lis raodenobiT aRmoCnda 1925 w. xaSuris r-nis sof.
alSi napovni samoneto ganZis SemadgenlobaSi.19 ganZi
damarxulia 1400-1401 ww-is axlo xanebSi, radgan is di-
di raodenobiT Seicavs ahmed jalairis da giorgi VII-
is moWril fulebs, romlebic T. lomourma swored am
periodiT daaTariRa.20 Tu aqedan amovalT, is 5 monetac
XIV s-is dasasruliT an XV s-is dasawyisiT unda dava-
TariRoT. magram d. kapanaZe sxva gzas daadga. is wers:
`srulebiT daujerebelia, rom es samive fuladi tipi
(igulisxmeba zemoT aRwerili monetis sami varianti –
g. d., T. d.). giorgi VI-is (1386/87-1407 ww.) (Tanamedrove
numeraciiT giorgi VII – g. d., T. d.) mefobaSi yofiliyo
gamoSvebuli. miT umetes, rom XIV s-is bolo xanebSi,
rogorc amas TviT Cveni ganZis (igulisxmeba alis ganZi
– g. d., T. d.) Semadgenloba gvimtkicebs, giorgi VI-s
sul sxva tipis, sabolood dawvrilebuli monetebi
mouWria. alis ganZis SemadgenlobaSi am dawvrilebul
fuls TiTqmis 50%-ze meti adgili uWiravs... V jgufis
gaurkveveli qarTuli monetebi ki, romlebic am
dawvrilebul fulebs woniT TiTqmis erTi orad aRe-
mateba, alis ganZSi mxolod 2%-ze cota meti aRmoCnda.
Cven gvgonia, rom es garemoeba gasagebi gaxdeba, Tu ga-

19 ganZis Semadgenloba ix. T. lomouri. saqarTvelos da oqros ur-

dos Soris urTierTobis sakiTxisaTvis XIV s. (alis ganZis juCi-
duri fulebi). kr. fulis mimoqcevis istoriisaTvis Sua saukunee-
bis saqarTveloSi. Tb. 2005, gv. 118-135; agreTve, g. dundua. samoneto
mimoqcevis sakiTxisaTvis XV saukunis saqarTveloSi, gv. 26.
20 T. lomouri. ahmed jalairis da giorgi VII-is monetebi. kr. fulis
mimoqcevis istoriisaTvis Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi, gv. 140.
146
 giorgi dundua, Tedo dundua. iWreboda Tu ara giorgauli TeTri?

vixsenebT, rom ganZis meore umTavresi nawili oqros

urdos metwilad XIV s-is I naxevriT daTariRebuli 204
vercxlis monetisagan Sedgeba, romlebic zomiT da wo-
niT uaxlovdeba Cvens `gaurkvevelebs~... advili dasaS-
vebia, rom orive kategoriis fuladi nimuSebi erTsa da
imave dros yofiliyo mimoqcevaSi~. da Semdeg: `woniT
giorgi VI-is da ahmed jalairis monetebi XV s-is qar-
Tul fuls uaxlovdeba, im dros, rodesac ganZis da-
narCeni monetebi, `gaurkveveli~ qarTuli monetebis CaT-
vliT, woniTac da mTeli Tavisi garegnobiT ufro XIV
s-is I naxevris tips~.21 `yoveli mimbaZveloba – ganagr-
Zobs d. kapanaZe – Tavis pirvandel tips (am SemTxvevaSi
pirvandel tipad mas miaCnia sruli qarTuli zed-
weriliani moneta, xolo meore da mesame varianti ki –
minabaZebad – g. d., T. d.) sul ukanaskneli 10 wliT
mainc unda iyos daSorebuli da Cvens ganZSi meore an
da, SesaZlebelia, mesame wyebis mimbaZvelobebis aRmoCe-
na, srul uflebas gvaZlevs es vadebi saTanadod gava-
didoT. giorgim taxti daikava 1386 an 1387 w-s da, amri-
gad, giorgis taxtze asvlis dRidan misi da ahmedis sa-
xeliT aRbeWdili fuladi niSnebis gamoSvebamde 10-12
weliwadze meti ar unda gasuliyo. srulebiT daujere-
belia, rom am mokle xnis ganmavlobaSi pirvandel fu-
lad tips garkveuli qarTuli zedwerilebiT amgvari
mniSvnelovani da mravalnairi cvlileba-damaxinjebis
procesi da tipis sqematizacia gamoevlos~.22 da bolos,
yoveli axali fuladi tipis Seqmnis dros, Cveulebriv

21
d. kapanaZe. zogierTi gaurkveveli qarTuli fulis daTariRebis-
Tvis, gv. 141, 143.
22
d. kapanaZe. zogierTi gaurkveveli qarTuli fulis daTariRebis-
Tvis, gv. 143.
147
 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

nimuSad im fulis niSnebs iReben, romlebic im dros

arsebobs. aseT sanimuSo monetad d. kapanaZes ilxan su-
leimanis (1339-1344 ww.) dirhemi miaCnia.23 zemoT moyvani-
lis safuZvelze, d. kapanaZe fiqrobda, rom es moneta
giorgi VII-is winamorbedis mier unda iyos moWrili,
romelsac agreTve giorgi rqmevia da aseTi mxolod
giorgi brwyinvale SeiZleba yofiliyo.24 Tavisi azris
gasamtkiceblad, dasasruls, d. kapanaZes moyavs iv. ja-
vaxiSvilis sityvebi, romelic, Tavis mxriv, aRbuRas sa-
marTals eyrdnoboda.25 aseTia d. kapanaZis Tvalsazrisi
saintereso monetebTan dakavSirebiT.
zemoT aRweril samive monetas Cven giorgi VII-s va-
kuTvnebT.26 pirveli sabuTi aseTi atribuciis sasargeb-
lod im ganZebis daflobis xanaa, romelTa Semadgenlo-
baSic es monetebi Sedioda. duSeTis ganZi 1389/90 ww-is
Semdeg aris Camarxuli, xolo alis ganZi ki – 1400-1401
ww-Si.
rogorc ukve gvqonda aRniSnuli, d. kapanaZes e.w.
`giorgaulis~ sanimuSo monetad ilxan suleimanis fu-
li miaCnia, magram, rogorc TviTonac samarTlianad aR-
niSnavs, es tipi 1339 w-ze adre ver gaCndeboda. e.i. Tuki
davuSvebT, rom giorgi brwyinvalem imave 1339 w. moWra
Tavisi moneta, rac naklebad savaraudoa, radgan pro-

23 d. kapanaZe. zogierTi gaurkveveli qarTuli fulis daTariRebis-

Tvis, tab. 9.
24 d. kapanaZe. zogierTi gaurkveveli qarTuli fulis daTariRebis-
Tvis, gv. 143.
25 d. kapanaZe. zogierTi gaurkveveli qarTuli fulis daTariRebis-
Tvis, gv. 145.
26 es pozicia dafiqsirebulia jer kidev 1964 w. ix. g. dundua. samo-
neto mimoqcevis sakiTxisaTvis XV saukunis saqarTveloSi, gv. 29-30
da sxv.
148
 giorgi dundua, Tedo dundua. iWreboda Tu ara giorgauli TeTri?

totipi imdenad dacilebulia originals, rom davac ki

SeiZleba im sakiTxis irgvliv, saerTod, ilxan suleima-
nis monetis mixedviT Tu aris moWrili e.w. `giorgau-
li~, qronologiuri CarCoebi am monetis emisiisa 6-7 we-
liwads ar aRemateba. aqedan daskvna: Tuki 10-12 weli-
wadSi ar SeiZleboda am samoneto tips damaxinjebis
msgavsi procesi gaevlo, miT umetes, es ar SeiZleboda
momxdariyo 6-7 weliwadSi. giorgi VII-is mefobis perio-
di amisTvis ufro Sesaferisi xanaa, rogorc drois xan-
grZlivobis, aseve qveynis politikur-ekonomikuri mdgo-
mareobis mxrivac. rogorc cnobilia, giorgi VII 1393 w.
gamefda. SesaZlebelia, gamefebasTan dakavSirebiT man
moaWrevina is monetebi, romelTac sruli qarTuli zed-
werili `mefeTa mefe giorgi~ amSvenebs. 1394 w. saqarTve-
los Temur-lengi Semoesia. amiT Temuris voiaJi ar dam-
Tavrebula. 1403 w-mde man kidev ramdenjerme ilaSqra
saqarTveloSi. erTi sityviT, giorgi VII mTeli Tavisi
mefobis ganmavlobaSi TavganwirviT ebrZoda dampyro-
bels. am monetebis minabaZebis gaCena swored aseT situ-
aciaSia ufro damajerebeli, vidre giorgi brwinvalis
xanaSi. gaugebaria, raSi dasWirdeboda giorgi brwyin-
vales sakuTari monetebis `minabaZebi~ moeWra. amasTan
dakavSirebiT, gaocebas iwvevs erTi detalic: saqarTve-
los zarafxanebSi, kerZod, TbilisSi, hijr. 741, 742 da
743 ww-Si (= 1340/1, 1341/2, 1342/3 ww.) suleimanis saxeliT
iWreba saerTo hulaguiduri tipis klasikuri dirhemebi
(isini daculia saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis numiz-
matikuri ujredis ganZebis da qarTuli monetebis Ziri-
Tad fondebSi). es masala, garda moWris adgilis aRm-
niSvneli sityvisa, arafriT gansxvavdeba hulaguidebis
sxva zarafxanebis produqciisgan. normaluria maTi wo-
149
 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

na da ligatura, maRalia maTi moWris teqnika da mxatv-

ruli gaformebis done. legendebSi, ara Tu arabuli,
uiRurulic ki dazRveulia raime enobrivi, Tu gramati-
kuli xasiaTis Secdomisgan. rogorc Cans, TbilisSi, da
saerTod, saqarTvelos zarafxanebSi kargi xelosnebi
isxdnen. maS, vis unda gamoeSva erTi da imave zarafxa-
naSi sinqronulad suleimanis klasikuri dirhemebi da
d. kapanaZis mier `giorgaulad~ miCneuli monetebi, ro-
melTa arabuli zedwerilebi saSinladaa damaxinjebu-
li?!
SevexoT monetis wonasac. is savsebiT normaluria
XIV s-is 80-iani wlebis miwurulisTvis da XV s-is I na-
xevrisTvis. giorgi VII-is da ahmed jalairis saxeliT
moWrili monetebis woniTi remediumi 0.57-0.80 gramebSi
meryeobs. `giorgaulad~ miCneuli monetebis saSualo
wona ki erT gramsac ar aRwevs. meti damajereblobis-
Tvis aqve mogvyavs saqarTvelos erovnul muzeumSi da-
culi zogierTi calis wona: 0.99 gr., 0.85 gr. (qarTuli
monetebis ZiriTadi fondi, SemdegSi: qmZf., ## 2961,
3230), 0.99, 0.90 (gf. ## 1198, 1202) da aS. srulebiT aSka-
raa, rom maT Soris didi sxvaoba ar aris. miT umetes,
rom giorgis da ahmedis saxeliT moWrili moneta XV s-
is dasawyiss ekuTvnis da e.w `giorgaulebi~ maTze
aTiode wliT mainc ufro adreuli unda iyos.
rac Seexeba am monetebis mcirericxovnebas XIV s-
is miwurulis ganZebSi da amis safuZvelze maTi XIV s-
is I naxevarSi gadatanas, ar aris marTebuli, radgan
sjulmdebeli aRbuRa giorgis Jamis TeTrs XIV s-is 80-
ian ww-Si awesebs sisxlis sazRaurad27, Tanac aTasebis

27 i. doliZe. giorgi brwyinvalis samarTali, gv. 9.

150
 giorgi dundua, Tedo dundua. iWreboda Tu ara giorgauli TeTri?

farglebSi, rac aSkarad miuTiTebs imaze, rom am xaneb-

Si es fuli cocxali da jansaRi erTeulia. aqedan ga-
momdinareobs, rom, Tuki zemoaRwerili monetebi gior-
gaulebia, isini gacilebiT meti raodenobiT unda yofi-
liyo XIV s-is II naxevris ganZebSi, vidre es sinamdvi-
leSia.
dasasruls, Tuki beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis Sesaval-
Si namdvilad giorgi brwyinvalis mier moWrili TeTri
igulisxmeba, rogorc amas iv. javaxiSvili fiqrobda,
da saidanac amodis TviT d. kapanaZe28, maSin CvenTvis sa-
intereso monetis `giorgaulad~ CaTvlis mosazrebas
ukanaskneli sayrdeni gamoecleba. mivmarToT TviT beqa-
aRbuRas samarTlis teqsts.
aRbuRa SesavalSi aRniSnavs, rom sisxlis dasaur-
veblad `patonis papisCemisagan ganaCeni yazanauri TeT-
ri iyo. ama Jamsa Sina yazanauroba arRara iyo, didisa
mefisa giorgis Jamisa TeTri gavaCineT: oriani xuTi
dangi wminda vecxli da, rogorca TeTri iyos angari-
Sad ima wesiTa aiRebodes; xazi Cvenia – g. d., T. d.).29
rogorc vxedavT, aRbuRa pirdapir ambobs, rom mis mier
sisxlis sazRaurad dawesebuli TeTri xuTdangiani mo-
neta iyo. gramebSi gadayvanili is 3.50 gr. aRemateba.
`giorgaulad~ miCneuli monetis saSualo wona ki erT
gramsac ar aRwevs da, amdenad, ar Seesityveba teqstSi
nagulisxmev fulad erTeuls.
ingliselma mecnierma d. langma sxva gziT svla
airCia.30 man `giorgauli~ kirmaneulTan gaaidentura.31

28 d. kapanaZe. zogierTi gaurkveveli qarTuli fulis daTariRebis-

Tvis, gv. 145.
29 i. doliZe. Zveli qarTuli samarTali, gv. 286.
30 D. M. Lang. Georgia in the Reign of Giorgi the Brilliant; ufro dawvrilebiT,

151
 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

Tavisi msjelobis amosavlad is iRebs im faqts, rom

giorgi mefis droindeli kirmaneulis ori nimuSis Ri-
rebuleba udrida sufTa vercxlis xuT dangs. misi dak-
virvebiT, kirmaneulis wona meryeobda 1.7 da 2.2 gr. So-
ris. ase rom, kirmaneulis saSualo wona udrida 1.9 gr.
misive gamoangariSebiT, kirmaneulis ori nimuSis wona
(3.8 gr.) mWidrod uaxlovdeba beqa-aRbuRas samarTalSi
navaraudev monetis wonas – xuT dangs. meore sabuTad
d. langs mohyavs qarTul zedweriliani kirmaneulis ni-
muSi, romelic sul or calad aris cnobili. erTi maT-
gani saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis kuTvnilebaa (gf.
# 6213), xolo meore (m. baraTaSvilis koleqciis cali)
– berlinSi iyo daculi.32
am monetis Sublze qarTuli mTavruli asoebiT
Sesrulebulia zedwerili – ub, `giorgi~, zurgze aseve
mTavruli asoebiT – a v, `mefe~. am zedwerilebTan da-
kavSirebiT, d. kapanaZem gamoTqva mosazreba, rom, vinai-
dan warwera ub mefis (keisris) gamosaxulebasTan ki ar
aris moTavsebuli, aramed monetis Sublze – wmindanis
gamosaxulebasTan, is am ukanasknels ekuTvniso.33
d. langma swored d. kapanaZis am mosazrebas CasWi-
da xeli. is Tvlis, rom warwera wmindans ekuTvnis, ri-
Tac saqarTveloSi qarTvelTaTvis ucxo wmindani evge-
niosi `gaaqarTveles~ da wminda giorgad aqcies. es
mkvlevars safuZvels aZlevs Tqvas, rom am monetebs ewo-

D. M. Lang. Studies in the Numismatic History of Georgia in Transcaucasia. New York.

1955, gv. 81-87.
31 D. M. Lang. Studies in the Numismatic History of Georgia in Transcaucasia, gv. 87.
32 am monetasTan dakavSirebiT ix. mag. g. dundua, T. dundua. XIII-XV
saukuneebis dasavlurqarTuli emisiebi. Tb. 2010, gv. 26-29.
33 d. kapanaZe. zogierTi terminis Sesaxeb qarTul numizmatikaSi,
gv._11.
152
 giorgi dundua, Tedo dundua. iWreboda Tu ara giorgauli TeTri?

deboda kirmaneulic, keisar manuilis saxelis mixed-

viT, da giorgaulic – wmindanis mixedviT.34
d. langis pozicia marTebuli ar aris. `giorgau-
li~ da `kirmaneuli~ rom erTi da imave samoneto erTe-
uls ar aRniSnavda, amis dasamtkiceblad marto vaxtang
VI-is sityvebic kmara: `pirvels Jamurs TeTrs gior-
gauls eZaxdnen. is Turme saqmobda sisxlSiaca da is-
reca... giorgauli ra erTisac wona yofila, im Zvels
wignebSi sweria da imiTi icnobT. kidev erTi rigi sxva
TeTric yofila, kirmaneuls eZaxden~ (vaxtangis samar-
Tlis wigni. kari TeTris garigebisa, $15). aq garkveviT
aris naTqvami, rom kirmaneuli sxva TeTri iyo. garda
amisa, arsebobs sxva sabuTebic. aRbuRas samarTlis
SesavalSi naxmaria sityva `oriani~ da ara `ori~. kon-
teqstidan cxadad Cans, rom aq nagulisxmevia ornomi-
naliani erTi monetis wona (`didisa mefisa giorgis Ja-
misa TeTri... oriani xuTi dangi) da ara ori nimuSis
wona, rogorc amas d. langi fiqrobda. kirmaneuli cal-
ke samoneto jgufia, romelic iWreboda da mimoqcevaSi
iyo giorgi brwyinvalis gamefebamde da mis Semdegac.
cxadia, savsebiT SesaZlebelia, giorgi brwyinvalis
xanaSi moWriliyo kirmaneulis garkveuli nawili, mag-
ram es ar miuTiTebs d. langis hipoTezis sasargeblod.
xom ar SeiZleba, magaliTad, XIII s-Si moWril kir-
maneulebs `giorgauli~ vuwodoT? arc is mosazrebaa
damajerebeli, rom TiTqos warwera wmindans ekuTvnis.
kirmaneulebis absoluturi umravlesoba wmindanis vi-
naobis msgavs ganmartebas ar Seicavs. cxadia, is aravis
sWirdeboda. sruliad aSkaraa, rom zedwerili ub mefis

34 D. M. Lang. Studies in the Numismatic History of Georgia in Transcaucasia, gv. 87-88.

153
 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

saxels aRniSnavs, romelsac giorgi rqmevia, miT umetes,

rom wmindanis gverdiT moTavsebulia wminda evgenis
saxelis aRmniSvneli asoebi (GE-O...). yovel SemTxvevaSi,
yvelaze naklebad savaraudoa, am monetis moWra giorgi
brwyinvales mivaweroT, radgan misi wona (1.5 gr.) XIV s-
is I naxevrisTvis metad dabalia, is ufro XIV s-is
miwuruliT da XV s-is dasawyisiT unda daTariRdes.35
amrigad, arc d. kapanaZis mier `giorgaulad~ miC-
neuli fuli da arc kirmaneulebi ar unda iyos nagu-
lisxmevi aRbuRas samarTalSi.
am sakiTxs, Cveni azriT, yvelaze marTebulad miud-
ga T. lomouri Tavis mravalmxriv sayuradRebo naSrom-
Si `ukanaskneli ilxanebis fuli saqarTveloSi.36 T.
lomouris am SesaniSnav Sromas am striqonebis erT-er-
Ti avtori gaecno jer kidev gasuli saukunis 60-iani
wlebis dasawyisSi xelnaweris saxiT, rac aisaxa kidec
mis wignSi.37 maSinac da axlac Cven veyrdnobiT im sa-
xelmZRvanelo debulebebs, romlebic gamoTqmulia T.
lomouris gamokvlevaSi.
T. lomouri wers: `arc giorgi brwyinvalis `Zeg-
lis dadebaSi~ da arc aRbuRas samarTalSi fulis
aRmniSvnel terminad `giorgauli~ ar Cans. orive sjul-
mdebeli vercxlis fulis aRmniSvnel terminad xmaro-
ben `TeTrs~. `giorgauli~, rogorc jerjerobiT cnobi-
li wyaroebidan irkveva, moxseniebulia XVIII s-is pir-
vel naxevarSi Sedgenil vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wign-

35 Д. Г. Капанадзе. Грузинская нумизматика, gv. 97.

36 T. lomouri. ukanaskneli ilxanebis fuli saqarTveloSi. kr. fu-
lis mimoqcevis istoriisaTvis Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi, gv.
95-108.
37 ix. g. dundua. samoneto mimoqcevis sakiTxisaTvis XV saukunis sa-
qarTveloSi, gv. 47-49.
154
 giorgi dundua, Tedo dundua. iWreboda Tu ara giorgauli TeTri?

Si (`pirvels Jamurs TeTrs giorgauls eZaxdnen~)~. XVIII

s-Si vaxtangis mier SemoRebul terminad miaCnia `gior-
gauli~ v. gabaSvilsac.38 `Zneli warmosadgenia – ganagr-
Zobs T. lomouri – rom aRbuRas samarTlis wignis
iseT pasuxsageb debulebebSi, rogoric sisxlis sazRa-
uris gansazRvra iyo, raime orazrovani gamoTqma exmara
da amiT gaugebroba gamoewvia. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mas
giorgi brwyinvalis fulze eqneboda laparaki, is, aSka-
raa, ar daarqmevda am fuls giorgi mefis drois (Jamis),
aramed garkveulad giorgi mefis TeTrs uwodebda~. es
mosazreba savsebiT misaRebia. marTlac da aRbuRas xom
ar uxmaria termini yazanis drois TeTri, aramed pir-
dapir fulis saxelwodeba daasaxela – `yazanauri~. xom
SeeZlo mas `yazanauris~ gverdiT `giorgaulic~ exmara,
es fuladi erTeuli rom arsebuliyo? man ki sxvagvari
formulireba mogvca: `didisa mefisa giorgis Jamisa
TeTri gavaCineT~. T. lomouris interpretaciiT, es niS-
navs imas, rom aRbuRas sisxlis sazRaurad SemouRia
giorgis droindeli (Jamis) TeTri. T. lomouris azriT,
giorgis droindel TeTrSi unda igulisxmebodes ilxa-
nebis saxeliT moWrili fuli, romelic didi raodeno-
biT aris aRmoCenili saqarTvelos teritoriaze.
wyaros T. lomouriseul interpretacias savsebiT
uWers mxars faqtobrivi masalis analizic. rogorc
cnobilia, sisxlis daurvebis fasi, aRbuRas samarTlis
mixedviT, aTasebis farglebSi iangariSeba. d. kapanaZis
mier `giorgaulad~ miCneuli monetebi sul ramdenime
calad aris cnobili, isini ar moCans ise farTod gavr-
celebuli, rogorc ilxanebis fuli. saerTod, Zneli
38v. gabaSvili. saqarTveloSi monRolTa batonobis xangrZlivobis
sakiTxisaTvis, gv. 131.
155
 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

warmosadgenia, rom am monetebs, Tundac isini namdvi-

lad giorgi brwyinvales ekuTvnodes, XIV s-is 80-ian
ww-Si, aTabag aRbuRas xanaSi, aseTi mniSvneloba hqono-
da. amis sasargeblod ar laparakobs arc maTi sinji,
arc maTi wona da arc maTi gavrcelebis xasiaTi. ilxa-
nebis fulis gavrcelebis masStabi Cvens teritoriaze
da maTi srulfasovneba amagrebs T. lomouris azrs.
Semdeg T. lomouri Seecada aexsna, ras niSnavs aR-
buRas samarTlis sityvebi: `oriani xuTi dangi wminda
vercxli~. man miuTiTa, rom aq mocemulia: 1) wona im
erTeulisa, romelic TeTrad iyo wodebuli da 2) misi
liTonuri Semadgenloba; magram es cda bolomde ver
miiyvana.
Cveni azriT, formulireba `oriani xuTi dangi
wminda vecxli~ unda aRniSnavdes or nominalian xuTi
dangis wonis mqone wminda vercxlis monetas. aris Tu
ara ilxanebis Cvenamde moRweul monetebSi identuri
erTeuli? ra Tqma unda, aris. esaa ilxanebis saxeliT
moWrili ordirhemianebi (qarT. orTeTriani). giorgi
brwyinvalis mefobis sinqronuli ilxanebis ordirhe-
mianebis wona 3.50 gr-ia39, konkretulad, abu-saidis (1316-
1333 ww.) ordirhemiani swored am standartebiT iWrebo-
da, mWidrod uaxlovdeba xuT dangs. iv. javaxiSvilis
gamoangariSebiT, 4 cercvis marcvali = 1 dangs, 1 cerc-
vis marcvali = 1 kerats, 1 kerati = 0.178 gr-s. aqedan 1
dangi = 0.178 gr. X 4 = 0.712, ris mixedviTac xuTdangiani
monetis wona 3.55 gr-ia.40 magram aq aris erTi niuansi:
kanonmdebelma Zalian kargad icis, rom droTa gan-

39Д. Г. Капанадзе. Грузинская нумизматика, gv. 88.

40iv. javaxiSvili. qarTuli safas-sazomTa mcodneoba anu numizma-
tika-metrologia, gv. 31, 97-98.
156
 giorgi dundua, Tedo dundua. iWreboda Tu ara giorgauli TeTri?

mavlobaSi ilxanebis fulis wona da sinji ecema, ami-

tom is etalonad awesebs 3.50 gr-ian, e.i. abu-saidis sa-
xeliT moWril ordirhemians (orTeTrians) da iqve das-
Zens: `rogorca TeTri iyos angariSad ima wesiTa aiRe-
bodes~. es aris bednieri SemTxveva, rodesac wyaroSi
yvelaferi ganmartebulia.
daskvnis saxiT am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba
iTqvas Semdegi: 1. beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis SesavalSi
igulisxmeba ara giorgi brwyinvalis mier moWrili
erovnuli moneta, aramed fulis is niSnebi, romlebic
saqarTveloSi brunavda misi mefobis periodSi, saxel-
dobr ukanaskneli ilxanebis saxeliT moWrili monete-
bi. 2. aRbuRas mier sisxlis sazRaurad dawesebuli ori-
ani xuTi dangis wonis wminda vercxlis moneta SeiZ-
leba SevupirispiroT ilxanebis ordirhemianebs. 3. spe-
cialur literaturaSi `giorgaulad~ miCneuli monete-
bis moWra giorgi brwyinvalis mier srulebiT ar aris
gamoricxuli, magram Tu amosavalad aRbuRas samar-
Tlis cnobebs miviRebT, am monetebis `giorgaulad~ miC-
nevis sakiTxi TavisTavad moixsneba, radgan iq aSkarad
sxva fulia navaraudevi. 4. dResdReobiT am monetebis
mikuTvneba giorgi VII-is mefobis pirveli wlebisTvis,
e.i giorgis da ahmedis saxeliT aRbeWdili monetis
moWramde (1400-1401 ww.), ufro mizanSewonilad migvaCnia.
ramdenad misaRebia es daskvnebi? rogorc cnobi-
lia, giorgi brwyinvalis mefobis xanaSi saqarTvelos
zarafxanebSi arc erTi weli ar Sewyvetila ilxanebis
saxeliT moWrili saerTo hulaguiduri tipis monetebis
gamoSveba. msoflios metad Tu naklebad did sacavSi
(britaneTis muzeumi, ermitaJi, niu-iorkis muzeumi, mos-
kovis istoriuli da saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumebi)
157
 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

es numizmatikuri niSnebi did raodenobiT aris dacu-

li.41 didi raodenobiTaa isini cnobili literaturida-
nac.42 maTi Seswavla amtkicebs, rom saqarTvelos zara-
fxanebSi giorgi brwyinvalis Tanamedrove yvela yaenis
saxeliT (marionetebis saxeliTac ki) moWrilia vercx-
lis fulebi. saqarTvelos erovnul muzeumSi daculia
abu-saidis saxeliT TbilisSi moWrili spilenZis mone-
tebi (qmZf. ## 523, 2379, 3368, 3369). es metad mniSvnelo-
vani faqtia. rogorc Cans, am dros saqarTveloSi araTu
vercxlis, aramed spilenZis monetebic ki ilxanTa saxe-
liT iWreba. samwuxarod, TariRi arc erT maTganze ar
ikiTxeba, da amdenad gaugebaria abu-saidis ilxanobis
romel periods ekuTvnis spilenZis monetebis emisia
Tbilisis zarafxanaSi, rasac sakiTxisTvis arsebiTi
mniSvneloba aqvs.
riT avxsnaT es didmniSvnelovani faqti? vTqvaT,
saqarTvelos erTianobis aRdgenamde giorgi brwyinva-
les abu-saidis saxeliT rom moeWra moneta, amaSi ara-
feria gasakviri. magram ratom Wris gaerTianebuli
Zlieri qveynis mefe monetebs marionetebis saxeliT?
davuSvaT, rom giorgi brwyinvale paralelurad
sakuTar monetasac Wris, romlis wona, aRbuRas mixed-
viT, 3.5 gr-s aRemateba. maSin gamodis, rom erTsa da ima-
ve xanebSi saqarTvelos zarafxanebSi ori srulfasova-
ni moneta iWreba, ordirhemiani (qarT. orTeTriani) mone-
ta ilxanis saxeliT da orTeTriani wminda vercxlis
moneta giorgi brwyinvalis saxeliT. da es xdeba XIV s-
is 30-ian ww-Si, rodesac TviT hulaguiduri monetebis

41 maTi sainventaro nomrebi ix. g. dundua. samoneto mimoqcevis sa-

kiTxisaTvis XV s. saqarTveloSi, gv. 50-51.
42 bibliografia ix. iqve.

158
 giorgi dundua, Tedo dundua. iWreboda Tu ara giorgauli TeTri?

wona sagrZnoblad knindeba.43 vercxlis ramxela maragi

iqneboda amisTvis saWiro? rogorc ukve aRniSnuli
gvqonda, saqarTveloSi ilxanTa saxeliT moWrili mone-
tebi didi raodenobiT aris cnobili. Tu amovalT aR-
buRas sityvebidan, giorgi brwyinvalesac kolosaluri
raodenobiT unda moeWra Tavisi srulfasovani fuladi
erTeuli, radgan aRbuRa XIV s-is 80-ian wlebSic ki mas
sisxlis sazRaurad awesebs, Tanac 6000 da 12000 far-
glebSi.44 numizmatikuri mecniereba ar icnobs aseT pa-
ralelur emisiebs, miT umetes, erTi da imave liTonze
dafuZnebuls.
dasasruls, erTi metad simptomaturi faqtic. sa-
qarTvelos teritoriaze XIV s-is monetaTa ganZebis aR-
moCenis ocdaSvidi SemTxveva aris aRricxuli.45 umete-
soba am ganZebisa ramdenime aseul monetas iTvlida.
maT SemadgenlobaSi didi raodenobiT aris moxvedrili
giorgi brwyinvalis Tanamedrove yvela ilxanis saxe-
liT moWrili moneta, iseTisac ki, romelic mxolod
erTi wliT iyo taxtze (mag. saTi begi. ix. gf. # 7494)
da metad xanmokle drois ganmavlobaSi awarmoebda sa-
moneto emisias. bunebrivia, daisvas kiTxva: ratom ar
moxvda am ganZebis SemadgenlobaSi giorgi V-is Tundac
erTaderTi xuTdangiani moneta, romelic sinqronulad
unda yofiliyo mimoqcevaSi, da romelsac, Tu vimsje-
lebT aRbuRas samarTlis mixedviT, XIV s-is 80-ian wle-
bamdec ki unda ecocxla?! ar gvgonia, rom es faqti Sem-

43 Г. А. Федоров-Давыдов. К вопросу о денежном курсе золота в Иране и Средней

Азии в XIV в. КСИИМК. вып. 66. М. 1956.
44 i. doliZe. Zveli qarTuli samarTali, gv. 333 da sxv.
45 sakiTxis Sesaxeb da bibliografia ix. g. dundua. samoneto mimoq-
cevis sakiTxisaTvis XV saukunis saqarTveloSi, gv. 52.
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 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

TxveviT xasiaTs atarebdes. maS, ra axsna unda moeZeb-

nos mas?
Cven ukve gvqonda aRniSnuli, rom aRmosavluri wya-
roebi aRniSnavs saqarTvelos mier monRolTa sasargeb-
lod xarkis gadaxdis faqts qveynis gaerTianebis Semde-
gac. es imis maniSnebelia, rom saqarTvelo raRac for-
miT mainc damokidebulia monRolebze. es sakiTxis po-
litikuri aspeqtia, magram aucilebelia gaviTvaliswi-
noT ekonomikuri momentic. exeboda ra monRolTa mbrZa-
neblis yazan yaenis (1295-1304 ww.) mier samoneto saqmis
unifikacias, misi Tanamedrove raSid-ad-dini aRniSnavda:
`даже в Грузии, где никогда не чеканили монету во имя бога и
посланника (его), стали по необходимости (ее) чеканить, ибо
(другие монеты) помимо нее не имели (нигде) хождения, так что
тем местам тоже пришлось чеканить эту монету, хотя они (грузины)
и не признают власти (Газан-хана), а иначе их деньги нигде не
принимали~.46
marTalia, raSid-ad-dinis es sityvebi uSualod
giorgi brwyinvalis mefobis xanas ar ekuTvnis, magram
misgan drois arc Tu ise didi monakveTiT aris daSore-
buli da amdenad maT SeuZlia garkveuli daxmarebis ga-
weva. motanil fragmentSi garkveviTaa naTqvami qarTve-
lebis mier saerTo hulaguiduri tipis monetis moWris
Sesaxeb. imis gamo, rom saqarTvelo ar moqceuliyo eko-
nomikur blokadaSi, ar mowyvetiliyo maSindel savaW-
ro-ekonomikur centrebs, misi mesveyrebi iZulebulni
iyvnen gadaedgaT es nabiji. giorgi brwyinvale, rogorc
Tavisi drois SesaniSnavi politikosi, miT umetes, ar

46 Рашид-ад-дин. Джами-ат-Таврих. Т. Ш. Составитель научно-критического тек-

ста на персидском языке Абдул-Керим Али Оглы Али-Заде. Баку. 1957, gv. 280.
160
 giorgi dundua, Tedo dundua. iWreboda Tu ara giorgauli TeTri?

daadgeboda saqarTvelos maxlobel aRmosavleTisgan

ekonomikurad mowyvetis gzas. albaT, amitomac aris,
rom mis dros saqarTvelos zarafxanebSi arc erTi we-
li ar Sewyvetila ilxanebis saxeliT moWrili monete-
bis emisia.
raSid ad-dinis zemomoyvanil citataze dayrdno-
biT, saqarTvelos zarafxanebSi XIV s-is I naxevarSi
ilxanebis saxeliT moWrili numizmatikuri memkvidreo-
ba d. kapanaZem qarTulad gamoacxada.47 Cven ufro metsac
vityviT: swored es fuladi niSnebi unda ivaraudebodes
beqa-aRbuRas samarTalSi, da Tu termini `giorgauli~
jer kidev XIV s-Si Caisaxa, mis qveS maincdamainc saqar-
Tvelos zarafxanebSi ilxanebis saxeliT moWrili mo-
netebi igulisxmeba. magram avtors unda gaeTvaliswine-
bia isic, rom aseTi mtkiceba TavisTavad gamoricxavs
giorgi brwyinvalis mier sakuTari, erovnuli xasiaTis
xuTdangiani monetis moWris SesaZleblobas. gansxvave-
buli erTeulis `giorgaulad~ gaidenturebis ufleba
ki Cven ar gvaqvs imdenad, ramdenadac qarTuli isto-
riografiis amosavali am sakiTxSi beqa-aRbuRas kanonTa
kodeqsia, sadac pirdapir aris miTiTebuli monetis no-
minali da wona. dResdReobiT ki beqa-aRbuRas samar-
TalSi navaraudev erTeuls ilxanebis saxeliT moWri-
li ordirhemianebis (orTeTrianis) garda sxva arc erTi
moneta ar Seesityveba.
1969 w. gamoica d. kapanaZis wigni `qarTuli numizma-
tika~. aq misi pozicia adre mis mier `giorgaulad~ miC-
neul monetebTan dakavSirebiT ukve kategoriuli aRar
aris, Tumca is bolomde uars ar ambobs Tavis mosazre-

47 Д. Г. Капанадзе. Продолжительность и характер монгольского владычества в

Грузии по нумизматическим данным. Советская археология. M. 1964. № 2, gv. 63-78.
161
 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

baze. is wers: `ar unda gamoiricxos SesaZlebloba...

rom unificirebul monetasTan erTad saxelovan mefes
tipologiurad msgavsi, magram erovnuli xasiaTis mone-
ta gaeCina. zemoT aRniSnulis gamo, miuRebeli ar iqne-
boda, rom aRwerili moneta swored `giorgaulis~ erT-
erT saxeobad gamoSvebuliyo.48 d. kapanaZis am varauds
Cven ukomentarod vtovebT.
dabolos, kidev erTi utyuari istoriuli faqti,
romelic aSkarad miuTiTebs, rom giorgi brwyinvales
arasdros mouWria erovnuli xasiaTis moneta. es faqti
am kuTxiT, jerjerobiT, aravis ganuxilavs.
CrdiloeT oseTis teritoriaze, kerZod, alagirsa
da yarjinSi, pirvelSi 1338-1339 ww-Si, xolo meoreSi –
1348-1350 ww-Si, iWreba saerTo hulaguiduri tipis mone-
tebi.49 erTi SexedviT, es paradoqsuli faqtia, radgan
aRniSnuli teritoria oqros urdos gavlenis sferoa.
ratom moiWra aq monetebi juCidebis mosisxle mtris –
hulaguidebis saxeliT?! es faqti damajereblad axsna
c. RvaberiZem.50
rogorc cnobilia, ovsTa gandevna aRmosavleT sa-
qarTvelos teritoriidan giorgi brwyinvalis erT-erTi
kardinaluri amocana iyo, rasac man warmatebiT gaarT-
va Tavi. giorgi V-m ara Tu `gansxna~ ovsni qarTlidan,
aramed sakuTriv oseTic daimorCila. amas adgili 1337-
1338 ww-Si unda hqonoda.51 c. RvaberiZis azriT, `...oseTis

48 d. kapanaZe. qarTuli numizmatika, gv. 117.

49 c. RvaberiZe. saqarTvelos urTierToba ilxanTa iranTan da je-
lairTa saxelmwifosTan. Tb. 1986, gv. 99.
50 c. RvaberiZe. saqarTvelos urTierToba ilxanTa iranTan da je-
lairTa saxelmwifosTan, gv. 90-100.
51 c. RvaberiZe. saqarTvelos urTierToba ilxanTa iranTan da je-
lairTa saxelmwifosTan, gv. 97.
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 giorgi dundua, Tedo dundua. iWreboda Tu ara giorgauli TeTri?

saqarTvelos samefosTan SemoerTebis pirdapiri Sede-

gia jer alagirSi 1338-1339 ww-Si da Semdeg yarjinSi
1348-1350 ww-Si zarafxanis amoqmedeba... vinaidan saqarTve-
lo giorgi brwyinvalis dros nominalurad iTvleboda
ilxanTa vasalad da Tbilisis zarafxanaSi maTi saxe-
liT iWreboda monetebi, kanonzomieria, rom oseTSiac
giorgi brwyinvalis da Semdeg misi memkvidris daviT IX
(1346-1360 ww.) dros saerTo hulaguiduri tipis monetebi
moWriliyo. es giorgi V diplomatiuri nabijis Sedegi
iyo~.52
qarTveli mefeebis am aqcias, rogorc Cans, mohyva
juCidebis sarevanSo laSqroba. maTi jari saqarTvelo-
Si Semosula.
dabolos, kidev erTi faqti: cnobilia ilxan abu-
saidis saxeliT TbilisSi moWrili spilenZis 2 moneta
standartuli arabuli zedweriliT, romlis Sublis
areze TiTqos moTavsebulia qarTuli mxedruli aso –
g, rasac giorgi brwyinvales ukavSireben (tab. I, # 4).53
Tu es asea, maSin cxadia, rom ara Tu vercxlis, aramed
spilenZis monetebzec ki qarTvel mefes srulad Tavisi
saxelis moTavsebis ufleba ar hqonia.54

52 c. RvaberiZe. saqarTvelos urTierToba ilxanTa iranTan da je-

lairTa saxelmwifosTan, gv. 99.
53 c. RvaberiZe. ilxanTa iranis spilenZis fulis katalogi. Tb.
1994, gv. 17, 134-135.
54 g. dundua, ir. jalaRania. qarTuli numizmatikuri leqsikoni. Tb.
2009, gv. 39.
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tabula I

4
164
 giorgi dundua, Tedo dundua. iWreboda Tu ara giorgauli TeTri?

Giorgi Dundua, Tedo Dundua

MONEY CALLED “GIORGAULI” – REALITY OR A FICTION?

Summary

There were several attempts to unify Georgia after the events of the
midst of the 13th c. Georgian king Giorgi the Brilliant (1318-1346)
almost succeeded in it towards the 30-ieth of the 14th c. Georgian records
and historiography also claim for him to liberate the country from the
Mongol overlordship, i.e. from the Il-Khans residing in Persia.
Still, the Muslim sources record about tribute paid by the
Georgians even now, and money used to be struck at Tbilisi mint on
behalf of the Il-Khans.
The best academic solution of the problem is to harmonize all the
data, stating both – unification of Georgia, commence of restoring the
economic links between Western and Eastern Georgia, disintegration of
the Il-Khan state and weakening of the Mongols’ real power over the
country; and also, still formal suzerainty of the Mongols over Georgia,
expressed in annual tribute and through issues of Tbilisi mint with the
names of the Il-Khans. That could be normal.
Instead, some specialists decided to strengthen the Georgian
records by claiming the small group of the Georgian silver coins with
“eye-type” and the Georgian legend – “King of the Kings Giorgi”, for
Giorgi the Brilliant. They call this group “Giorgauli”.
Analysis of the money hoards, coin weights and the Georgian
documents led us to a conclusion as follows: small silver pieces
described above could had been struck only towards the end of the 14th c.
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And there was no national silver issue for Giorgi the Brilliant but, maybe,
only copper pieces, having name of Il-Khan Abu Said put on them
together with Georgian initial for Giorgi.
Still, this king did much unifying and strengthening the country,
thus weakening Asiatic control over it.

SemoklebaTa ganmarteba

ssmm – akad. s. janaSias saxelobis saqarTvelos

saxelmwifo muzeumis moambe.
КСИИМК – Краткие сообщения Института истории
материальной культуры.
BSOAS – Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
University of London.

166