Myxomatosis

Introduction
Myxomatosis is a fatal disease of the rabbit
characterized by the presence of tumors around
body orifices (on the face especially on the eyelids

**Myxomatosis
. was also deliberately introduced into
Australiain 1950
**Reported in France in 1952
**Outbreak of myxomatosis in Egypt 2019
 Epidemiology
Myxoma virus which belong to the group
:Etiology
of pox viruses.
:Transmission
**The principle method of transmissions is via
arthropod vectors(mosquitoes, fleas and flies).
**Transmissions may also occur by contact with
infected material from ocular discharges or oozing
skin lesions of infected rabbits on mechanical
spread by wild birds.
**The disease can also be spread directly
between rabbits by contact or inhalation.
Pathogenesis

After skin invasion,

sequential replication of the virus takes place at the
inoculation site and the regional lymph node.
It is followed by cell-associated viraemia and
generalized infection throughout the body.

The disease starts with a skin lesion, which

typically develops 4–5 days after inoculation of the
virus and enlarges to become about 3 cm in
diameter 9–10 days after infection.
 I.P: 7-14
Clinical signs .days

2-Choronic Respiratry-3
Acute form-1 or nodular form form
Typical* *Oedematous respiratory
oedema of swelling called difficulties and
head ,eyelids pseudotumours .pneumonia
mainly in ear , Eye
and genitals
nose and paws lesions consist of
Extremely* which developed purulent
virulent and after 10-15 days. blepharoconjunctiv
produced an *Mortallity is less itis , swellen
acute illness with than 50%. eyelids and
.100% mortality This form* perineal swelling
can heal
,spontaneously
Differential diagnosis of chronic and
:respiratory forms
1-Spirochaetosis : its lesions resemble the regressed
pseudotumours of chronic attenuated form of
myxomatosis.The disease is much rare and chronic.
2-Snuffles: many animals sudden show the symptoms
of snuffles combined with conjunctivitis, the perineal zone of
affected animals should be checked for swelling ,as this
would indicate myxomatosis.
 Laboratory diagnosis:
1.Direct viral detection…….PCR
2.Virus isolation and identification.

Inoculation in Rabbit Molecular Identification

kidney cell line →cause PCR
cytopathic effect (CPE) that
is characterized by
intracytoplasmic inclusion
bodies
3.Serology.
 Prevention and control
.Management procedures-1

**Control the vectors by applying insecticides for

mosquitoes
**Isolation of the infected animals is necessary to
prevent the disease from spreading to other
susceptible animals.
** Preventing direct and indirect contact with wild
rabbits.
*** Pallative treatment can be administrated for
example :eye drop or antibiotic injections.
 Vaccination-2
I-Live homologous vaccines

3-Virus strain
1-Live attenuated 2-Homologous strain MM16005
strain SG33 Leon-162 administrated
It has an It is very safe and by I/M or S/C
produces a long- make severe
immunodepressi
lasting immunity swelling.
ve action and
unsafe Protection lasts
for at least a
year.

II-Vaccines consist of living shope,s fibroma virus:

which induced cross immunity with the myxoma virus.