Unit 3 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer

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 Unit 3 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer

How are energy and temperature related?

• All matter is made of moving particles and has kinetic energy.

• Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of

particles.

• The faster a particle moves, the more kinetic energy it has.

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Unit 3 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer

How are energy and temperature related?

• Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of particles.

• Thermal energy depends on the number of particles.

• More particles means more thermal energy.

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Unit 3 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer

How are energy and temperature related?

• How does kinetic energy change as particle motion
increases and decreases?

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 Unit 3 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer

What is thermal expansion?

• As space between particles increases, a substance expands.

• The increase in volume that results from an increase in

temperature is called thermal expansion.

• Thermal expansion causes a change in the density of a

substance.

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 Unit 3 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer

What is thermal expansion?

• Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance.

• Differences in density caused by thermal expansion can

cause movement of matter.

• Movement in the atmosphere, water movement, and rock

movement also can be caused by thermal expansion.

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Unit 3 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer

What is heat?
• Heat is the energy that is
transferred between
objects that are at different
temperatures.

• Objects in contact will

transfer energy until
temperatures are equal in
both objects.

• Energy flows from higher to

lower temperatures.

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Unit 3 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer

Why can the temperatures of land, air, and

water differ?
• The different rates at which materials become warmer or
cooler are due to specific heat.

• Materials with a high specific heat require more energy to

show an increase in temperature.

• Water has a higher specific heat than land, which means it

warms and cools slower than land.

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Unit 3 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer
How is energy transferred by
radiation?
• Radiation is the transfer of energy as electromagnetic
waves.

• The sun transfers energy to Earth by radiation.

• Radiation can transfer energy to objects that are not in

direct contact.

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Unit 3 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer

How is energy transferred by

radiation?
• Energy from the sun travels as waves and is called
electromagnetic radiation.

• Forms of electromagnetic radiation include visible light,

infrared radiation, X-rays, and ultraviolet rays.

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Unit 3 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer

How is energy transferred by

radiation?
• How does the sun heat Earth?

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Unit 3 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer

Where does radiation occur on Earth?

• The sun is almost 150 million km away but is the major

source of energy for processes on Earth.

• Solar radiation can be reflected, scattered, or absorbed.

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Unit 3 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer

How is energy transferred by convection?

• Convection is the transfer
of energy due to the
movement of matter.

• Convection occurs because

most matter becomes less
dense when it gets warmer.

• Convection currents form

as warm and cool matter
rise and fall due to
temperature and density
differences.

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 Unit 3 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer

Where does convection occur on Earth?

• Energy moves through the atmosphere as warm air rises
and cool air sinks.

• Ocean water has different densities due to temperature

and the amount of salt in the water.

• Energy is transferred through rock material from Earth’s

core to the surface by convection currents.

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Unit 3 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer

How is energy transferred by conduction?

• Conduction is the transfer of energy from one object to
another object through direct contact.

• When objects touch, their particles interact.

• The greater the energy difference, the faster the transfer

of energy by conduction occurs.

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Unit 3 Lesson 3 Energy Transfer

Where does conduction occur on Earth?

• Energy can transfer by conduction from warm ground to
cool air at Earth’s surface.

• Warm air can transfer energy to cooler water and cause

evaporation. If water vapor transfers energy to air, the
water vapor can condense.

• Energy can be transferred in rock by conduction, but very

slowly.

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