“The country is experiencing

the El Niño phenomenon in

most parts by April.”
“The country is experiencing
the El Niño phenomenon in
most parts by April.”
How can you determine if your
conjecture is either true or
false? What is your basis in
making decisions?
In decision making, we usually follow certain
processes;

•Weigh alternatives
•Collect Evidence
•Make decision
•Interpret or take appropriate action
STATISTICAL HYPOTHESIS

• is a claim or a conjecture that may

either be true or false
• There are two possible actions that
one can do with the statement.
These actions are either to accept
the statement or to reject it.
TEST OF HYPOTHESIS

• is the process of evaluating the

validity of a statistical hypothesis
through empirical data analysis
There are two kinds of a statistical
hypothesis:
• NULL HYPOTHESIS
• ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
NULL HYPOTHESIS
•Denoted by
•It is the initial claim.
•It shows no significant difference, no
changes, nothing happened, no relationship
between two parameters.
•The independent variable has no effect on
the dependent variable.
ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
• Denoted by or
• It is the contrary to the null hypothesis.
• It shows that there is significant difference, an
effect, change, relationship between a parameter
and specific value.
• The independent variable has an effect on the
dependent variable.
•
•
•,
Example #1: The average age of a bus drivers
in Region 2 is 38.8 years.
Example #2: The average number of calories of
a low-calorie meal is at most 300.
Example #3: The school record claims that the mean score in Math of
the incoming Grade 11 students is 81. The teacher wishes to find out
if the claim is true. She tests if there is a significant difference
between the batch mean score and the mean score of students in her
class.

Null and Alternative Hypothesis Null and Alternative Hypothesis

(in words) (in symbols)

The mean score in Math of the

incoming Grade 11 students is
81.

The mean score in Math of the

incoming Grade 11 students is
not 81.
Group Activity
Direction: Formulate the appropriate null and alternative
hypotheses.

Group 1 & 3
A manufacturer of IT gadgets recently announced they had
developed a new battery for a tablet and claimed that it has an
average life of at least 24 hours.

Group 2 & 4

A social worker wants to test (at =0.05) whether the average

body mass index (BMI) of the pupils under feeding program is
different from 18.2 kg.
1. How do you differentiate null
hypothesis and alternative
hypothesis?

2. What is a statistical hypothesis?

ASSIGNMENT
• A ketchup company regularly receives large shipments of
tomatoes. For each shipment that is received, a
supervisor takes a random sample of tomatoes to see
what percent of the sample is bruised and performs a
significance test. If the sample shows convincing evidence
that more than of the entire shipment of tomatoes is
bruised, then they will request a new shipment of
tomatoes.