MANTALONGON

NATIONAL HIGH
SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
GRADE 11
PRACTICAL
RESEARCH 1
 LET’S LEARN
Research make use of previous
information and data from statement of
experts which expressed in various sources
that most common of which are books ,
journals and computers databases. It is
necessary that we need to have a proper
citations .
 LET’S LEARN
Without this resources, researchers
will find great difficulty in doing study
,This lesson we learned the varied
sources that can be used for doing
literature review and how they are
cited in the text and references.
 GUIDE QUESTIONS

1.) Is there any differences in

citing different sources ?
2.)How important does citations
in doing a research paper?
 American
Psychological
Association (APA)
 Most Commonly Use
Citations Style

1.) American Psychological Association

(APA)
2.) Modern Language Association
(MLA)
 CITING SOURCES

 A citation is a reference to the source of

information used in your research.
 Any time you directly quote ,paraphrase
or summarize the essential element of
someone else idea in your work.
 WHY CITING IS IMPORTANT

 It gives proper credit to the authors of the words

or ideas that incorporated into your paper.
 It allows those who are reading your work to
locate your sources , in order to learn more about
the ideas that you include in your paper.
 Citing your sources consistently and accurately
help you avoid committing plagiarism in your
writing
 APA CITATION STYLES (AMERICAN
PSYCHOLICAL ASSOCIATION)

 APA reference style is an author last

name /date system of citations.
 The last name of the author and the date
of publication of the work must appear
the text ( e.g., Avilla ,2009).
 CITING SOURCES HAS TWO FORMS;

IN-TEXT REFERENCE
Requires indicating S
the sources of the List pertains to
information within the complete
the body of the text bibliographic
information's of
the references
 BASIC GUIDELINES WHEN
USING APACITATION
WORK BY A SINGLE AUTHOR
EXAMPLE:
 Santos (2004) asserted that education
alleviates poverty.
 Education alleviates
poverty( Santos ,2014).
 BASIC GUIDELINES WHEN
USING APACITATION
WORK BY A TWO AUTHORS
EXAMPLE:
 Santos and Reyes (2004) explained
that……
 …….as has been shown
(Santos&Reyes,2014)
 BASIC GUIDELINES WHEN
USING APACITATION

• WORK BY A Three AUTHORS

EXAMPLE:
 David , Garcia, and Isabelo (2004)
 (David ,Garcia & Isabelo,2014)
 BASIC GUIDELINES WHEN
USING APACITATION

• WORK BY Six or More AUTHORS

EXAMPLE:
 David et al .(2004) argued…..
 (David et al .,2014)
 BASIC GUIDELINES WHEN
USING APACITATION
• WORK BY Unknown AUTHORS
EXAMPLE:
 (Anonymous,2001) cite the sources by its
title in the signal phrase or use the first
two words in the parenthetical citations.
 BASIC GUIDELINES WHEN
USING APACITATION
• Organization as an Author
EXAMPLE:
 First citation: According to the National
Institute of Chemistry (2013)
 Second citation : ( NIC ,2013)
 DIRECT QOUTE IN
TEXT
APA - “The idea of race has been
socially constructed in similar ways”
(Rothenberg, 2007, p. 9)
 DIRECT QOUTE WITH
AUTHOR NAME IN TEXT
APA - According to Rothenberg (2007), “The
idea of race has been socially been
constructed in similar ways” (p. 9).
 PARAPHASE OR
SUMMARY CITATION IN
TEXT
APA - According to Rothenberg (2007), “The idea of
race has been socially constructed in similar ways” (p.
9). The social construction of race is very similar to
the way gender stereotypes were constructed
(Rothenberg, 2007, p. 9).
 GUIDELINES OF APA
CITATIONS
Double -spaced on standard sized paper (8.5’’x11’’), with 1’’
margins on all sides
Page header (also known as “running head”) at the top of the
page
FONT (11-point Callibre,11-point Arial, and 10- point Lucida
Sans Unicode as well as fonts 12-point Times New Roman, 11-
point Georgia, 10-point Computer Modern.
TITLE PAGE (Title of the paper, Grade level and name,
Practical Research 1 teacher name and Assignment due date
Direct Quote in Text
APA-
Direct Quote with Author Name in Text
APA-

Paraphrase or Summary Citation in Text

APA-
 MLA CITATIONS STYLES(MODERN
LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION )

 MLA Style specifies guidelines for formatting

manuscripts and citing research in writing.
 MLA Style also provides writers with a system
for referencing their sources through
parenthetical citation in their essays and Works
Cited pages.
 MLA CITATIONS STYLES(MODERN
LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION )

 The complete bibliographic information appears

on the cited page of the research paper.
 The author’s last name and year of
publication , this style uses author last name
and the page which quotation or paraphrase
in the citation.
 MLA CITATIONS STYLES(MODERN
LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION )
EXAMPLE:
 Author’s name in text:
Palomar emphasized that (20-21)
 Author’s name in parenthesis:
This is given an emphasis(Palomar,20-
21)
 MLA CITATIONS STYLES(MODERN
LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION )

EXAMPLE:
 Multiple author:
This formula ( Avilla and Santos ,9) proved
…….to be tested ( Garcia and Reyes ,24)
 Organization as author’s
(National Institute of Chemistry,40-42)
 GUIDELINES IN MLA
Type yourCITATIONS
paper on a computer and print it out on standard, white
8.5 x 11-inch paper.
Double-space the text of your paper and use a legible font (e.g.
Times New Roman).
Set the margins of your document to 1 inch on all sides.
Indent the first line of each paragraph one half-inch from the left
margin.
Create a header that numbers all pages consecutively in the upper
right-hand corner, one-half inch from the top and flush with the right
margin. (Note: Your instructor may ask that you omit the number on
your first page. Always follow your instructor's guidelines.)
Formatting the First Page of Your Paper
 APPLICATION
Direction: Construct at least
five credible examples in your
research title using APA &
MLA Citations.
 APPLICATION
APA MLA
Example:
Santos (2014) asserted that education
alleviates poverty
 ASSESMENT
Fill in the table with the information about the
source that you gather in your research title
by using and crafting your related literature.
Look at least five (5) credible sources that is
related in your study.
 RESEARCH TITLE:_________________
Research Topic Keywords Title of the Article /Journals /Research Name of the Author /Title of the
Book/Sources
Tria, Jose Z.
Example: The Covid 19 pandemic through the https://doi.org/10.30935/ijpdll/8311
New normal Education lens of education in the Philippines: The
new normal