Raw Score to Z-score

Presented by :Biell Brain A. Mercadero

 What the Z-score?
• A z-score, also known as a standard score,
is a statistical measure that represents the
number of standard deviations an
individual data point is from the mean of
a distribution. It allows us to compare
values from different distributions by
standardizing them.
• To convert a raw score to a z-score, you need two pieces of
information: the raw score you want to convert and the mean
and standard deviation of the distribution you are working with.

• The formula to calculate the z-score is:

• z = (X - μ) / σ

• Where:

• - X represents the raw score.

• - μ (mu) represents the mean of the distribution.

• - σ (sigma) represents the standard deviation of the distribution.

 Here's an example.
• Let's say you have a dataset of test scores, and you
want to convert a raw score of 75 to a z-score. The
mean of the test scores is 70, and the standard deviation
is 5.

• Substituting the values into the formula, we get:

• z = (75 - 70) / 5

•z=5/5

•z=1
 Here's an example to illustrate
the process
• Interpreting the z-score:
• - A positive z-score means the raw score is
above the mean.
• - A negative z-score means the raw score is
below the mean.
• - A z-score of 0 means the raw score is equal to
the mean
• Z-scores can be used to determine how unusual
or typical a particular data point is within a
distribution. Values that are several standard
deviations away from the mean (e.g., z-scores
greater than 2 or less than -2) are considered
relatively rare or extreme.
Here's an example.
• Let's say you have a dataset of exam
scores, and you want to convert a
particular raw score to a z-score. Here
are the steps:
• 1. Calculate the mean (μ) and standard
deviation (σ) of the dataset.
• 2. Compute the difference between the raw
score (X) and the mean (μ): (X - μ).
• 3. Divide the difference by the standard deviation
(σ): (X - μ) / σ.
• 4. The resulting value is the z-score.

• For example, let's say the mean of the exam

scores is 75 and the standard deviation is 10. You
want to convert a raw score of 82 to a z-score.
• 1. Mean (μ) = 75
• Standard Deviation (σ) = 10
• 2. Difference = 82 - 75 = 7
• 3. Z-score = Difference / Standard Deviation = 7 /
10 = 0.7
• So, the z-score for a raw score of 82 in this
dataset is 0.7.

• The z-score tells you how many standard

deviations the raw score is away from the
mean. A positive z-score indicates that the
raw score is above the mean, while a
negative z-score indicates that the raw
score is below the mean. Z-scores are useful
 Assessment: Pre test
• 1. Given a raw score of 85, a mean of
75, and a standard deviation of 10,
what is the corresponding z-score?
• 2. If a raw score has a z-score of -1.5, a
mean of 60, and a standard deviation of 8,
what is the value of the raw score?
• 3. A student's raw score on a test is 72,
and the class average is 65 with a
standard deviation of 4. Calculate the z-
score for the student's score.
• 4. The heights of a population are normally
distributed with a mean of 170 cm and a
standard deviation of 5 cm. If a person's
height is 185 cm, what is their z-score?
• 5. A data set has a mean of 50 and a
standard deviation of 8. If a raw score has
a z-score of 2.5, what is the corresponding
value of the raw score?
Answer Key.
• 1. To calculate the z-score:
• z = (x - μ) / σ
• z = (85 - 75) / 10
• z = 10 / 10
• z=1
• Therefore, the corresponding z-score is
1.
• 2. To find the raw score:
• z = (x - μ) / σ
• -1.5 = (x - 60) / 8
• -12 = x - 60
• x = -12 + 60
• x = 48
• Therefore, the value of the raw score is 48.
• 3. To calculate the z-score:
• z = (x - μ) / σ
• z = (72 - 65) / 4
• z=7/4
• z = 1.75
• Therefore, the z-score for the student's score
is 1.75.
• 4. To calculate the z-score:
• z = (x - μ) / σ
• z = (185 - 170) / 5
• z = 15 / 5
• z=3
• Therefore, the z-score for a person's height
of 185 cm is 3.
• 5. To find the raw score:
• z = (x - μ) / σ
• 2.5 = (x - 50) / 8
• 20 = x - 50
• x = 20 + 50
• x = 70
• Therefore, the corresponding value of the
raw score is 70.