Learning Objectives:

✓Explain the chain of infection

✓Discuss the stages of infection
✓Create a short presentation
showing the chain/stages of
infection
There are six links in the chain of infection
PATHOGEN
● It is an organism with the
ability to cause disease.

“bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa,

parasitic worms, rickettsiae”
RESERVOIR
● It is a place within which
microorganisms can thrive and
reproduce.
“The most common reservoir is
the human body.”
PORTAL OF EXIT
● It provides a way for a
microorganism to leave the
reservior
“through the nose, mouth, body
feces”
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
● It is the method by which the
organism moves from one host
to another.
“direct contact, indirect contact,
air-borne, food borne, water-
borne, vector-borne”
PORTAL OF ENTRY
● It is an opening allowing the
microorganism enter the host..

“Body orifices, mucus

membranes, breaks in the skin”
They may enter through:

Respiratory System
(inhalation) Gastrointerstenial
System
(ingestion)
They may enter through:

Urinary and
Reproductive Tracts Breaks in the skin
(sexual contact)
THE SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

● It is a person who cannot

resists a microorganism
invading its body.
There are six links in the chain of infection
Stages of
Infection
 INCUBATION STAGE

❑It is the period starting from the entry of the

pathogen until the appearance of the first
sign. For example, chickenpox, takes two (2) to
three (3) weeks of incubation; common colds
takes one (1) to two (2) days; , while influenza
holds one (1) to three (3) days; and mumps
holds twelve (12) to twenty-five (25) days.
 PRODROLMAL STAGE

❑It is when there are non-

specific signs and symptoms
appearing such as headache,
runny nose, and slight fever.
 DISEASE or ILLNESS STAGE

❑It is the time when illness

reaches its highest point of
development for example severe
aches, vomiting, high fever, sore
throat, and sinus congestion.
 CONVALESCENCE STAGE

❑This is the time when recovery seems

complete although the disease is still
communicable.
❑Recovery may take several days to
months.

“pathogens has mostly eliminated”

You will be rated according to
the following criteria:
Content - 10 points
Presentation - 10 points
Creativity - 5 points
Member’s Participation - 5 points
TOTAL = 30 points
TRANSFER:
Group Presentation
Instructions:
● You will be grouped into 3 groups.
● You will create a short presentation.
● Each group will be given 5 to 10 minutes
to prepare for the presentation.
GROUP 1: Poster Making
GROUP 2: Role Playing
GROUP 3: News Casting