Growth and Development in

infant
- Dr. Roshen Mascarenhas
Growth :
Increase in size of the body.

Development:
Maturation of function.
 Factors that affect growth
• Genetic
• Demographic ( race, sex)
• Nutrition
• Socioeconomic factors
• Physical factors : climate and pollution.
• Biologic factors: drugs, infection
• Emotional factors
 Stages of growth

• Ovum : 0-14 days

• Embroyo: 2 – 9 weeks
• Fetus: 9 weeks to birth
• Newborn: first 28 days.
• Infant : first year of life
• Toddler : 1 – 3 years.
• Pre school: 3- 5 years.
• School: 5 – 9 years
• Adolescence :10 – 19 years
 Growth in different tissue
• Somatic growth : Body grows very fast in first 2 – 3
years of life and then slows down.

• Brain growth : maximum in the first two years of life

( 80%).

• Lymphoid growth: Peaks just before puberty and then

slows down.

• Pubertal growth
 Important fetal growth events
• Heart beat : 4 weeks
• Circulation : 8 weeks
• External genitilia : 10 -12 weeks
• Fetal movements : 14 weeks
• Meconium: 16 weeks
• Lungs: 20 weeks
• Sucking : 28 weeks
 Newborn
• Average weight : 2.5 – 4 kg
• Length : 50 – 55 cm
• Head circumference: 33 – 37 weeks

Weight : Loose 10 % weight , start gaining by day

10.
200 g/week X 3 months
150g/ week X 3 months
100 g/ week X 6 months
TREND IN WEIGHT
DOUBLE 4 months
TRIPLE 1 year

TREND IN HEIGHT
birth 50 cm
6 months 66 cm
1 year 75 cm
2 year 87 cm
doubles 4 years
triples 12 years
TREND IN HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE

At birth 35 cm
3 months 40 cm
6 months 43 cm
9 months 45 cm
1 year 47 cm
2 years 49 cm
3 years 50 cm
TEETH DEVELOPMENT
Principles of Growth and development
1)Continuity
2)Sequentiality
3) Generality to Specificity, simplex to complex.
4)Differentiality
5)Development proceeds from the head downward
6) Development proceeds from the centre of the body
outward
7)Development depends on maturation and learning
 Areas of Development
1. Motor Development
2. Fine Development
3. Cognitive Development
4. Language Development
 1-2
months

• Tonic-neck reflexes
predominates. The head is
turned far to the side, can
roll partly to side.
 3 months
• Is able to turn to prone position.
 4 months
• Turns from prone to supine position
 5 months
• Turns back to supine from prone

6-7 months
• Rolls form stomach to stomach
 8 months
• Can alternate from prone to sitting position
and vice versa; can crawl
 9 months
• Can pull themselves up by holding onto
something.
 10-11 months

• Sits with good control

• can pivot around
• can walk while
holding someone’s
hands.
 12 months
• Walks even when only one hand is held.

15 months
• Can push a chair around, climb and get
down from it.
 18 months
• Runs but falls sometimes; can climb stairs by
creeping.

21 months
• Can squat while playing; can climb up
stairs by assuming an upright postion
 Cognitive Development
• 4 weeks : Follows red ring by 45 degree.
• 6 week : follow upto 90 degree.
• 3 months : hand regard
• 4 months : excited on seeing food.
• 5 month : mouthing
• 8 months : reaches out for toys.
• 10 months: responds to NO
• 11 months: start looking at picture in book
• 1 year: puts object in and out of container
 Language Development
• 4 weeks: quieting on sound of bell.
• 2 – 3 months: turns to sound, begins vocalisation
• 4 months: cooing
• 6 -7 months: monosyllable
• 8- 9 months: bisyllable
• 10 – 11 months: first word with meaning
• 1 year: 2- 3 words with meaning
• 2 years: 2 word sentences
 PERSONAL SOCIAL

6 weeks: social smile

3 months: recognizes mother, interest in surrounding
6 months: smiles at mirror
7 months: enjoys peek a boo game
8 months: stranger anxiety
10 months: waves bye bye
1 year: help himself while dressing
 Upper limit of attainment of important
milestones
Milestones upper limit
Social smile 3 months
Head holding 5 month
Sits without support 12 months
Walks well 18 months
2 – 3 words sentences 20 months
2 to 3 word sentences 3 years
Tells self name 4 years
Toilet control 5 years
Thank you