Network Control Devices

What are network control devices???

 Network devices are components used to connect
computers or other electronic devices together so
that they can share files or resources like printers or
fax machines.
 Networking devices have single purpose “securely
transfer data as fast as they can”.
 To achieve this goal every networking device has its
own functionality.
 Different Network Control device
are:
 Hub
 Switch
 Repeater
 Bridge
 Router
 Gateway
 Modem
 Connecting Devices and OSI Model

Application Application

Presentation Gateway Presentation

Session Session

Transport Transport

Network Network
Router
Datalink Switch, Bridge Datalink

Physical Hub, Physical

Repeater
 Hubs
 Hub contains multiple ports & is a common
connection point for connecting all segments of a
LAN.
 When a packet arrives on a port, it is

forwarded to rest of ports so that it can

be sent to all other nodes in the network.
 There are three types of HUB :
› Passive HUB
› Active HUB
› Intelligent HUB
Working of HUB
 Switches
 Switch is used as a central device to connect
different nodes in star topology.
 Switch is an intelligent device. When switch
receives a data packet it reads destination address
stored in the packet it reads destination address
stored in the packet and send it to only that node
whose destination address matches with the
address contained in the data packet.
 There are two basic types of switch:
› Cut-Through
› Store and forward
Working of SWITCH
 Routers
 A router normally connects LANs and WANs in the
Internet and has a routing table that is used for
making decisions about the route.
 The routing tables are normally dynamic and are
updated using routing protocols.
 Routers are devices that help in determining the best
path out of the available paths, for a particular
transmission.
 There are basically 2 types of routers.
› Static router
› Dynamic router
Working of Routers
 Repeater
 As signals travel along a cable, they degrade and
become distorted in a process called "attenuation."
 If a cable is long enough, attenuation will finally
make a signal unrecognizable. Installing a repeater
enables signals to travel farther.
 The repeater takes a weak signal from one segment,
regenerates it, and passes it to the next segment.
 Pass all traffic in both directions.
 Types of repeaters:
› Amplifiers
› Signal regenerating
Working of Repeater
 Bridges
 It is a device which connects two or more segment of a
network.
 Bridges reduces the amount of traffic on a LAN by
dividing it into two segments.
 It inspects incoming traffic and decides whether to
forward or discard it.
 A bridge operates in both the physical and the data link
layer.
 As a physical layer device, it regenerates the signal it
receives.
 As a data link layer device, the bridge can check the
physical (MAC) addresses contained in the frame.
Working of Bridge
 Various types of Bridges are used in network.

 Transparent Bridge.
› It only performs the function of blocking or forwarding data
based on MAC address.
 Translational Bridge.
› They are useful to connect segments running at different
speeds or using different protocols
 Local Bridge.
› It is used to connect network segment of the same type &
same location.
 Remote Bridge.
› It is designed to connect two network segments at distant
location using a WAN link.
 Gateways
 The networks using completely different
protocols from each other must be connected
through a powerful and intelligent device called
gateway.
 Gateways comprise of software, dedicated
hardware or a combination of both.
 Gateways can connect system with different
communication protocols, language and
architecture.
 Modem
 Modem is an interconnectivity device used to
connect our home pc to the internet .
 It has both the operation modulation &
demodulation hence the name.
 Modem converts analog signal to digital signal
and vice versa.
 In case of networking data has to be transferred
from one location to another location.